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La construcción del Alcázar de Sevilla. Replanteo, cimentaciones y murallas fundacionales 塞维利亚阿尔卡扎尔的建设。重新思考,基础和基础墙
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-09-03 DOI: 10.3989/IC.78484
M. Rodríguez, P. Daza
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引用次数: 2
La contribución de Edgeworth al éxito del macadam. Expansión internacional en sus albores 埃奇沃斯对碎石成功的贡献。国际扩张的曙光
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.3989/ic.80899
José Manuel Sanz García, Manuel G. Romana García, Antonio Sánchez Soliño
En la historia de la ingeniería de carreteras, el nombre de John Loudon McAdam tiene un lugar de honor como el inventor del firme de macadam. Sin embargo, el diseño original de McAdam presentaba algunas limitaciones que fueron resueltas por Richard Lovell Edgeworth, siendo este diseño combinado el que se impuso por sus mejores prestaciones en las carreteras de Europa y del mundo occidental. El fallecimiento de Edgeworth en 1817, dos años antes de que McAdam publicara su obra principal, facilitó que la contribución del ingeniero irlandés fuera olvidada por la historia. El presente artículo saca a la luz la contribución de Edgeworth a la concepción del macadam, fundamental para el éxito del diseño, y la expansión de este tipo de firme por las carreteras de los países occidentales en sus primeros años.
在道路工程的历史上,约翰·劳登·麦克亚当这个名字作为碎石公司的发明者而享有荣誉。然而,麦克亚当最初的设计有一些局限性,理查德·洛弗尔·埃奇沃斯(Richard Lovell Edgeworth)解决了这些局限性,这种组合设计在欧洲和西方世界的道路上表现更好。埃奇沃斯于1817年去世,离麦克亚当的主要著作出版还有两年,这使得这位爱尔兰工程师的贡献被历史遗忘。这篇文章突出了埃奇沃斯对碎石概念的贡献,这是成功设计的基础,以及这种类型的路面在西方国家的早期扩展。
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引用次数: 0
Caja adiabática diseñada para minimizar el puente térmico de un sistema termoeléctrico 设计用于最小化热电系统热桥的绝热箱
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-06-10 DOI: 10.3989/IC.74303
C. Martín-Gómez, Kattalin Del Valle de Lersundi, Amaia Zuazua Ros, Marina Vidaurre-Arbizu, J. A. Sacristán-Fernández, María Ibañez-Puy
The authors of the article work on the integration of thermoelectricity in facades since 2009. The purpose of this article is to review the possibilities that this technology offers for its incorporation as a building air conditioning system, focusing on the description and analysis of the behaviour of the last prototype made within a research project. For this, the design criteria and the necessary components for its assembly are described, in this aspect the reduction of the thermal bridge with respect to previous prototypes has been especially important. The experimental methodology followed, and the tests performed are explained, critically analysing the results. The conclusions raise improvements and recommendations to implement in future developments.
这篇文章的作者自2009年以来一直致力于外墙热电一体化。本文的目的是审查这项技术作为建筑空调系统的可能性,重点是对研究项目中最后一个原型的性能进行描述和分析。为此,描述了其组装的设计标准和必要部件,在这方面,相对于以前的原型,减少热桥尤为重要。对所遵循的实验方法和所进行的测试进行了解释,并对结果进行了批判性分析。结论提出了改进和建议,以便在今后的发展中加以执行。
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引用次数: 0
Construir 34.000 camas hospitalarias en España. El reto del Plan Nacional de Instalaciones Sanitarias (1942-1982) 在西班牙建造34000张病床。国家卫生设施计划的挑战(1942-1982年)
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-06-10 DOI: 10.3989/IC.78487
Alba Lorente de Diego, C. Martín-Gómez, Francisco Javier Castro Molina
In a period marked by scarcity and economic difficulties, Spain opted for the realization of a large health plan that would affect every Spanish geography, called the Health Facilities Plan. Promoted by the Government of the time, the construction of a health network based on the construction of hospitals and clinics was proposed, in the image and likeness of the modernity of American buildings. More than a hundred large hospital complexes were built quickly, but at the same time was insufficient. In less than a decade, about thirty new hospitals and clinics were already part of the urban complex of Spanish cities. The development of the plan lasted four decades, which was marked by instability in the execution of the projects, and by the technical, economic and political effort involved.
在物资匮乏和经济困难的时期,西班牙选择实施一项影响到西班牙每个地区的大型保健计划,称为"保健设施计划"。在当时政府的推动下,以医院和诊所的建设为基础,以美国建筑的现代性形象和相似性,提出了构建健康网络的建议。一百多家大型综合医院迅速建成,但同时还不够。在不到十年的时间里,大约30家新医院和诊所已经成为西班牙城市综合体的一部分。该计划的制定持续了四十年,其特点是项目的执行不稳定,以及所涉及的技术、经济和政治努力。
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引用次数: 0
Sistema Prefabricado de Ecofachada Termoaislante para el Mejoramiento de Viviendas Sociales Construidas en la Zona Árida Centro Oeste de Argentina 用于改善阿根廷中西部干旱地区建造的社会住房的预制隔热生态外墙系统
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-04-05 DOI: 10.3989/IC.74740
Arturo Florentino Buigues Nollens
En este trabajo se desarrolla un Sistema Prefabricado de Ecofachada Termoaislante Sustentable-SPETS, para el mejoramiento del confort interior de Viviendas Sociales Construidas-VSC, en el clima árido de San Juan, Argentina. La metodología considera estudios teóricos y prácticos, sobre las cualidades termofísicas de fachadas opacas del Barrio Aramburu, cumplimiento a Normativas, junto a una propuesta alternativa con componentes estructurales móviles y desarmables incluyendo pomeca puzolánica, como material regional termoaislante ignífugo con origen volcánico. Los resultados obtenidos en el laboratorio IMA-FI-UNSJ, durante las campañas representativas de mediciones invernales, verificaron con el SPETS-sin ventilar una variación entre exterior e interior de 18ºC (4.12ºC Capa Externa y 22.15ºC Revoque Interno), y en verano con casi 47°C con el SPETS-ventilado se produjeron diferencias de la capa externa y el revoque externo sin ventilar de hasta 15,5ºC. El SPETS contribuye eficientemente al confort térmico y ambiental con cumplimiento a las Normas Nacionales de Reciclado.
在这项工作中,在阿根廷圣胡安的干旱气候中,开发了一种预制的生态保温保温系统spets,以改善社会住房的内部舒适度。该方法考虑了Aramburu社区不透明立面的热物理质量的理论和实践研究,符合法规,以及可移动和可拆卸的结构组件的替代方案,包括火山灰pomeca,作为火山起源的区域防火隔热材料。实验室结果IMA-FI-UNSJ行动期间,冬季代表性测量,验证与内部和外部之间的一个变异的SPETS-sin通风18ºC(4.12ºC层外部和22ºC修理内部),在夏天几乎与SPETS-ventilado 47°C发生分歧外部层拉毛外部没有通气高达1550ºC。SPETS有效地促进了热和环境舒适,符合国家回收标准。
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引用次数: 0
Herramientas de trabajo colaborativo en el sector de la construcción español. Buenas prácticas para la implementación de la metodología “Último Planificador (LPS)” 西班牙建筑业的协作工作工具。实施“最后计划者(LPS)”方法的最佳实践
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-04-05 DOI: 10.3989/IC.77475
Patricia Del Solar, Mercedes Del Rio, R. Fuente, C. Esteban
The innovation that the construction sector requires is more than simply implementing technology, instead it is necessary to digitize the sector and promote collaborative work among stakeholders, in order to improve on-site management. Many countries around the world have incorporated tools to facilitate collaborative work in their processes. In the US particularly, there are many companies which are implementing the LPS methodology, and they are even applying this concept to the execution of works, supplementing it with BIM tools. In Spain, however, the implementation of such tools is relatively recent. By using a survey, this article seeks to determine the level of knowledge that stakeholders involved in the Spanish construction sector have about the collaborative work model, specifically BIM and LPS tools. Furthermore, a group of experts proposes a selection of Best Practices (BP) for the application of these tools to a case study in Madrid (Spain).
建筑业所需要的创新不仅仅是实施技术,相反,有必要将该行业数字化,促进利益相关者之间的合作,以改善现场管理。世界上许多国家都在其进程中纳入了促进合作工作的工具。特别是在美国,有许多公司正在实施LPS方法,他们甚至将这一概念应用于工程实施,并用BIM工具进行补充。然而,在西班牙,这种工具的实施相对较晚。通过调查,本文试图确定西班牙建筑行业的利益相关者对合作工作模式的了解程度,特别是BIM和LPS工具。此外,一组专家提出了将这些工具应用于马德里(西班牙)案例研究的最佳做法选择。
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引用次数: 2
Evaluación del estado de elementos estructurales del Mercado de Legazpi: Ataque por sulfatos al hormigón y corrosión de las armaduras Legazpi市场结构构件状况评估:混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀和钢筋腐蚀
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-04-05 DOI: 10.3989/IC.76737
Servando Chinchón-Payá, J. Torres, Nuria Rebolledo, J. Sánchez
The work describes the methodology used to study the concrete of pillars, supports and foundations of several zones of the Mercado de Legazpi in Madrid (Spain). The soils where the latter are buried have also been analyzed. A visual inspection together with an Ultrasonic characterization has allowed the selection of samples for subsequent laboratory analysis by X-Ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy, as well as quantification of chlorides and sulphates. Corrosion of reinforcements have been found in specific areas, which are due both to the previous use of the structure and its aging. There is also a significant amount of sulfates in the soil, of anthropogenic origin, which would explain the formation of sulphate attack products in the foundations. However, this attack does not seem to be a significant decrease in the integrity of the structure.
该工作描述了用于研究马德里(西班牙)梅尔卡多雷加斯皮几个区域的支柱,支撑和基础混凝土的方法。后者被埋的土壤也被分析过。目视检查和超声波表征允许选择样品,用于随后的x射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜的实验室分析,以及氯化物和硫酸盐的定量。在特定区域发现了钢筋的腐蚀,这是由于结构以前的使用和老化造成的。土壤中也有大量的硫酸盐,是人为产生的,这可以解释地基中硫酸盐侵蚀产物的形成。然而,这种攻击似乎并没有显著降低结构的完整性。
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引用次数: 3
Estudio de materiales de construcción vernáculos empleados en el patrimonio cultural: guía para la restauración arquitectónica del Colegio Máximo de Cartuja. Granada-España (siglo XIX) 文化遗产中使用的乡土建筑材料研究:卡图哈马克西莫学院建筑修复指南。格拉纳达-西班牙(19世纪)
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-03-17 DOI: 10.3989/IC.77943
Honorato Justicia Muñoz, M. P. Sáez-Pérez, J. Durán-Suárez, Mª Ángeles Villegas Broncano
Colegio Maximo de Cartuja in Granada (Spain) was built by the Jesuits in 19th century. Using an archaeometric study of the building materials: bricks, glazed tiles, stained glass windows and lime-gypsum mortars (mortar masonry and concrete masonry), the vernacular concept of this construction was established within the geological framework of the “Alhambra formation”, and raw materials and techniques first used by the Nasrids in the 13th century have been identified. The results of XRD, XRF and DTA analyzes indicate the use of local clays in the manufacture of bricks and tiles fired at temperatures of ≤750 oC. The clays contained NaCl additives, which improved the ceramic sintering, and traditional Nasrid colours (Cu, Fe, Sn) were used in the glazes and stained glass windows. Local raw materials were also used for air binders. These results have been combined to create a good-practice guide for the sustainable restoration of cultural heritage buildings.
格拉纳达(西班牙)的大教堂(Colegio Maximo de Cartuja)是耶稣会士在19世纪建造的。通过对建筑材料的考古研究:砖块、琉璃瓦、彩色玻璃窗和石灰石膏砂浆(砂浆砌石和混凝土砌石),这种建筑的本土概念是在“阿尔罕布拉构造”的地质框架内建立的,并且已经确定了纳斯里德人在13世纪首次使用的原材料和技术。XRD、XRF和DTA分析结果表明,在≤750℃的温度下烧制的砖和瓷砖的制造中使用了局部粘土。粘土含有NaCl添加剂,这改善了陶瓷烧结,传统的Nasrid颜色(Cu、Fe、Sn)用于釉料和彩色玻璃窗。当地原材料也被用于空气粘合剂。将这些结果结合起来,为文化遗产建筑的可持续修复提供了良好的实践指南。
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引用次数: 1
Modelado urbano microclimático para la simulación termo-energética de viviendas en edificios en altura en Mendoza, Argentina. Integración del software ENVI-met y EnergyPlus 阿根廷门多萨高层建筑中住宅热能模拟的城市微气候模型。集成ENVI-met和EnergyPlus软件
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-03-17 DOI: 10.3989/IC.76749
Julieta Balter, N. Alchapar, E. Correa, C. Ganem
La ciudad de Mendoza, Argentina, cuenta con una intensa forestación urbana que definen dos estratos en altura: bajo y sobre la copa de los árboles. En este contexto, el comportamiento térmico de viviendas en altura estará afectado según el ambiente circundante. Con el objetivo de aprovechar la potencialidad predictiva de un modelo de simulación urbano y crear datos microclimáticos fiables para la simulación termo-energética de edificios en altura, este artículo propone la integración de dos programas de simulación. La metodología consta del diseño y validación de los modelos mediante datos registrados in situ; y de la simulación del comportamiento térmico edilicio de viviendas en altura en Mendoza, mediante la introducción de datos microclimáticos urbanos específicos. Los resultados obtenidos revelan las capacidades de trabajar con ENVI-met como herramienta para la generación de los datos climáticos necesarios para simular en EnergyPlus, constituyendo un conocimiento fundamental para el modelado energético urbano edilicio.
阿根廷门多萨市有强烈的城市绿化,在高度上定义了两个层次:低层和树冠以上。在这种情况下,高层住宅的热行为将受到周围环境的影响。为了利用城市模拟模型的预测潜力,为高层建筑的热能模拟创造可靠的小气候数据,本文提出了两个模拟软件的集成。该方法包括通过现场记录的数据设计和验证模型;通过引入特定的城市小气候数据,模拟门多萨高层住宅的建筑热行为。所获得的结果揭示了使用Envi-Met作为生成EnergyPlus模拟所需气候数据的工具的能力,这是城市建筑能源建模的基础知识。
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引用次数: 2
Evaluación de escombreras de mármoles para su aprovechamiento como agregado en una estructura de pavimento, Córdoba, Argentina 评估大理石废料作为路面结构骨料的使用,cordoba,阿根廷
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-03-17 DOI: 10.3989/IC.72256
I. Bin, María Fernanda Poklepovic, J. Coniglio, Manuel Demartis, Facundo Carranza, Lucio P. Pinotti, F. D'Eramo
In this contribution, 10,000 tonnes of marble waste dumps have been characterized in order to define the physico-mechanical and mineralogical parameters and determine their feasibility to be applied as main components in road bases and sub-bases. The Los Angeles abrasion values obtained (41-53%) exceeded those permitted for the standard technical specifications. However, particle-size distribution, plasticity and California Bearing Ratio (C.B.R.)(76, 83, 100% at 97, 98 and 100% of maximum density, respectively) satisfied, marginally, those specifications. Therefore, with a simple screening, these waste dumps would be applied as granular materials in roads. This is an alternative: a) environmentally sustainable, since future crushed stone exploitations would be reduced and removed a potential environmental passive; b) technically feasible, because the carrying capacity of the granular layers would not be affected; and c) economically profitable, because adds value to a currently non useful material and reduces the extraction and transportation costs.
在这份报告中,对10 000吨大理石废料堆进行了特征分析,以便确定其物理力学和矿物学参数,并确定其作为道路基础和次级基础主要组成部分的可行性。获得的洛杉矶磨损值(41-53%)超过了标准技术规范允许的值。然而,粒径分布、塑性和加州承载比(C.B.R.)(分别在最大密度的97、98和100%时为76、83、100%)略微满足这些要求。因此,通过简单的筛选,这些垃圾场将作为颗粒材料应用于道路。这是一种替代方案:a)环境可持续,因为未来的碎石开采将减少,并消除潜在的环境被动;B)技术上可行,因为不会影响颗粒层的承载能力;c)经济上有利可图,因为增加了目前无用的材料的价值,降低了提取和运输成本。
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引用次数: 0
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Informes De La Construccion
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