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Informes De La Construccion最新文献

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Comportamiento acústico y térmico de materiales basados en fibras naturales para la eficiencia energética en edificación 以天然纤维为基础的材料在建筑中的声学和热性能
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-03-16 DOI: 10.3989/IC74558
M. Á. Navacerrada, Daniel de la Prida, Alberto Sesmero, A. Pedrero, T. Gomez, Patricia Fernández-Morales
El uso de materiales aislantes es el primer paso para reducir la energía requerida para mantener una buena temperatura en el interior de un edificio y alcanzar la eficiencia energética. El objetivo es diseñar materiales para aislamiento acústico y térmico baratos, biodegradables y reciclables como los basados en fibras naturales. En este trabajo se estudian las propiedades térmicas y acústicas de no tejidos basados en fibras de fique, de coco y de algodón reciclado a partir de tejido denim. Se proponen posibles usos para los materiales fabricados basados en las exigencias del Código Técnico.
使用绝缘材料是减少维持建筑物内部良好温度和实现能源效率所需能源的第一步。其目的是设计廉价、可生物降解和可回收的隔音和隔热材料,如基于天然纤维的材料。本文研究了以非织造布、椰子纤维和回收棉纤维为基料的牛仔布的热性能和声学性能。根据《技术规范》的要求,提出了制造材料的可能用途。
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引用次数: 4
Avances en el diseño y cálculo de columnas de grava. Parte II: Grupos de columnas y consolidación secundaria 砾石柱设计与计算的进展。第二部分:列组和二次合并
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-03-16 DOI: 10.3989/IC.71912
Jorge Castro
Este artículo recoge algunos aspectos teóricos recientes relativos a columnas de grava que pueden resultar útiles para su diseño y cálculo. En esta segunda parte, se recogen comentarios sobre la estimación del diámetro de las columnas, sobre grupos de columnas, y sobre la problemática específica causada por asientos de consolidación secundaria. Se muestra que el número de columnas mientras se mantenga el área de sustitución bajo la cimentación no tiene influencia en el valor del asiento y que la posición de las columnas dentro de la cimentación tiene una influencia muy pequeña. La longitud crítica de las columnas es del orden de 2 veces el ancho o diámetro de la cimentación superficial. También se muestra la menor eficacia de las columnas de grava en la reducción de asientos por consolidación secundaria. Cuando se estime que los asientos por consolidación secundaria pueden ser importantes, lo recomendable es realizar una sobrecarga.
本文收集了与砾石柱有关的一些最新理论方面,这些方面可能有助于其设计和计算。在第二部分中,对柱直径估计、柱组以及二次固结座位引起的具体问题发表了评论。结果表明,只要基础下的替换区域保持不变,柱子的数量就不会影响座位的价值,柱子在基础内的位置影响很小。柱的临界长度约为浅基础宽度或直径的2倍。砾石柱在通过二次固结减少座位方面的效率也较低。当通过二次合并的座位被认为很重要时,建议进行超载。
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引用次数: 0
Estudio experimental del rendimiento térmico de la cavidad de aire de fachadas ventiladas opacas en condiciones de viento extremo: estudio de caso Bakú 极端风条件下不透明通风外墙空腔热性能的实验研究:以巴库为例
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-03-16 DOI: 10.3989/IC.74247
Gulchohra Mammadova, Arif Sharifov, Samira Akbarova
El uso generalizado de fachadas opacas ventiladas, hace que la investigación de su rendimiento térmico sea relevante porque existe la necesidad de una evaluación objetiva de su eficiencia energética en la etapa operativa. El artículo está dedicado a la investigación experimental a gran escala de las características térmicas de una cavidad de aire del sistema de fachada ventilada de forma natural con juntas cerradas, bajo condiciones extremas de viento, comparando las características térmicas de la cavidad de aire, se basa en cálculos que cumplen con los estándares de construcción y en los resultados del experimento a escala. Se utilizaron equipos de medición Testo 435 y 417. Se obtuvo una ecuación empírica aproximada entre la velocidad del viento cuando es superior a 7 m/s y la velocidad del aire de la cavidad. Un aumento en la velocidad del viento a lo largo de la pared conduce a un aumento en la velocidad del aire de la cavidad, que se acerca a 1-1.5 m/s y una disminución en la resistencia térmica. Los resultados del cálculo, se pueden usar para el control experimental de las características térmicas de la fachada con el fin de cumplir con una auditoría energética multidisciplinaria del edificio.
通风不透明立面的广泛使用,使得其热性能的研究变得相关,因为在运行阶段需要对其能源效率进行客观评估。条致力于大规模试验研究空气一个空旷的热特性外观自然通风系统封闭性一起对比极端条件下的风,空气腔热特性,基于计算符合建筑标准和实验的结果的测量。使用了Testo 435和417测量设备。在此基础上,建立了风速大于7 m/s的风速与空腔风速的近似经验方程。沿壁风速的增加导致空腔风速的增加,接近1-1.5 m/s,热阻降低。计算结果可用于facade热特性的实验控制,以满足建筑的多学科能源审计。
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引用次数: 2
Técnicas y características de los muros mixtos de tierra y madera. El caso de España 土木混合墙的技术和特点。西班牙的情况
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-03-16 DOI: 10.3989/IC.73876
Francisco Javier Gómez-Patrocinio, L. García-Soriano, F. Vegas, Camilla Mileto
This article presents a study of the traditional construction with mixed walls using earth and timber based on 289 case studies throughout Spain. In order to facilitate their identification and interpretation, the variants in this study have been assorted into constructive groups with similar characteristics. In the discussion chapter, the most common kinds of timber structure and earthen infilling are highlighted, and the way in which they are usually combined is assessed. Conclusions reflect on how the combination of opportunity and adaptation to the context – characteristics essential to vernacular constructions – shed light on a wide range of alternative techniques in this architecture. This article further expands on the existing information on mixed walls using earth and timber, essential to propose studies and projects aiming to protect, retrofit and consolidate this type of architecture in Spain and other countries.
本文以西班牙289个案例为基础,对土木混合墙的传统建筑进行了研究。为了便于识别和解释,本研究中的变体被分类为具有相似特征的建设性群体。在讨论章中,重点介绍了最常见的木结构和土方填充物,并对它们通常的组合方式进行了评估。结论反映了机会和对环境的适应是如何结合在一起的——这是乡土建筑的本质特征——揭示了该建筑中广泛的替代技术。本文进一步扩展了使用土和木材的混合墙的现有信息,这对于在西班牙和其他国家提出旨在保护、改造和巩固这种类型建筑的研究和项目至关重要。
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引用次数: 3
El “Ochavo de La Guardia”, ¿tórico o esférico? “守卫的Ochavo”,圆形的还是球形的?
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-03-16 DOI: 10.3989/IC.74582
Macarena Salcedo-Galera, Pau Natividad-Vivó, Ricardo García-Baño, José Calvo-López
The masonry manuscript written by Alonso de Vandelvira gives to four constructive elements the name of a specific place, which highlights the special importance of these pieces. One of them is the “Ochavo de La Guardia”, a piece that covers the presbytery of a church with a vault solved “por cruceros”; that is to say, a network of ribs, which support a plementery. The proposal developed by Vandelvira in his manuscript compares it with the “Vault of Murcia”, which presents toroidal intrados. This paper analyzes both the geometry of the vault built in the presbytery of the church in La Guardia de Jaén -which gives its name to the archetypeby photogrammetry and laser scanner; as well as the tracing included in the manuscript, highlighting the similarities and differences between both of them, the use of a spherical intrados and Vandelvira’s interest in the tracing process and not only in the geometric result.
Alonso de Vandelvira撰写的砖石手稿为四个建筑元素提供了一个特定地点的名称,这突出了这些作品的特殊重要性。其中一件作品是“Ochavo de La Guardia”,这件作品覆盖了一座教堂的长老会,教堂的拱顶被破解为“por cruceros”;也就是说,一个肋骨的网络,它支持一个器具。范德维拉在他的手稿中提出的建议将其与“穆尔西亚拱顶”进行了比较,后者呈现了环形内脊。本文通过摄影测量和激光扫描仪分析了拉瓜迪亚教堂长老会建造的拱顶的几何形状,该拱顶因其原型而得名;以及手稿中包含的追踪,强调了两者之间的相似性和差异,球形内凹的使用以及范德维拉对追踪过程的兴趣,而不仅仅是对几何结果的兴趣。
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引用次数: 0
Rehabilitación sustentable de vivienda barrial masiva en clima semi-árido: Evaluación termo-energética y microeconómica 半干旱气候下大规模社区住房的可持续修复:热能和微观经济评价
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-03-16 DOI: 10.3989/IC.62118
Irene Alicia Blasco Lucas
The analysis of the technical-economic feasibility of the building envelope refurbishment in a typology of massive neighborhood housing existing in San Juan, Argentina, an oasis city with semi-arid climate, is presented. To meet this target, passive technological variants that improve its energy-thermal performance and procedures adapted to the availability of local data are developed, covering climatic, energy-thermal and economic aspects in the building field. The eight alternatives for improvements proposed allow savings in air conditioning consumption that vary between 33% and 56%, for initial investments between € 2,582.00 and € 4,186.00 at prices in September 2019, capital that is recovered between 6.8 and 11 years, in a 25-year of life-cycle with a constant annual interest rate of 3%. The proposed methodology is suitable for deciding on social housing policies and constitutes a solid basis for implementing promotion plans.
本文分析了阿根廷圣胡安(一个半干旱气候的绿洲城市)大型社区住宅类型建筑围护结构翻新的技术经济可行性。为了实现这一目标,开发了被动技术变体,以提高其能源-热性能和适应当地数据可用性的程序,涵盖建筑领域的气候,能源-热和经济方面。提出的八种改进方案可以节省33%至56%的空调消耗,以2019年9月的价格计算,初始投资在2,582.00欧元至4,186.00欧元之间,资本在6.8至11年之间回收,在25年的生命周期中,固定的年利率为3%。拟议的方法适合于决定社会住房政策,并构成执行促进计划的坚实基础。
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引用次数: 0
Bodega en seco. El caso de las Bodegas Internacionales S. A. de Jerez 干酒窖。赫雷斯国际酒庄的案例
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-03-10 DOI: 10.3989/IC.74063
Cristobal Miró-Miró, Esther Mayoral-Campa, Melina Pozo-Bernal
La comarca de Jerez ha sido un territorio de experimentación tanto en lo referente a los sistemas de producción de vino como en la investigación arquitectónica de los espacios que los cobijan: las bodegas. La continua evolución del sector vinícola ha llevado parejo una transformación, a lo largo de los últimos dos siglos, de los tipos bodegueros, en cuanto a sus sistemas constructivos y espacialidad. En este contexto, se construyen en 1974 las Bodegas Internacionales, diseñadas por la Oficina Técnica Arquinde, un edificio que supuso un desafío constructivo y estructural sin precedentes en el sector: la construcción con junta seca y en dos años de una bodega de 50 000 m2. El sistema constructivo de prefabricados de hormigón utilizado, la investigación espacial y estructural que propone, más cercano a estructuras contemporáneas extensivas que a la tradicional “bodega catedral” jerezana, hicieron de este desconocido edificio un ejemplo de innovación tecnológica de primer nivel.
赫雷斯地区一直是一个实验的领域,无论是在葡萄酒生产系统方面,还是在其所在空间的建筑研究方面:酒窖。在过去的两个世纪里,葡萄酒行业的不断发展导致了酿酒师类型在建筑系统和空间方面的转变。在这种背景下,由Arquinde技术办公室设计的国际酒厂于1974年建成,这座建筑在建筑和结构上给该行业带来了前所未有的挑战:用干板建造,并在两年内建造了一个5万平方米的酒厂。使用预制混凝土的建筑系统,它提出的空间和结构研究,更接近广泛的当代结构,而不是传统的赫雷斯“酒窖大教堂”,使这个不知名的建筑成为一流技术创新的例子。
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引用次数: 0
Método para el diseño arquitectónico de casas de madera en Portugal 葡萄牙木屋建筑设计方法
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-12-18 DOI: 10.3989/ic.73680
L. Morgado, Manuel Correia Guedes, João Gomes Ferreira, Helena Cruz
The goal of this study is to propose a method for the architectural design of wood houses in Portugal. Construction and manufacturing companies were interviewed to understand the wood house market. A case study was developed by simulating four variations of a project, including different wood construction systems (wood frame, post and beam, logs, and cross-laminated timber). Based on the identified problems, a design method was defined by using decision support tables, lists of procedures and optimization strategies. A multi-criteria decision support process was proposed to assist in the assessment and selection of the “best” solution among the potential options. During the program phase, the use of a catalogue of architectural typologies with construction and formal systems promotes the process’ optimization. In the sketch design phase, the adoption of an assessment process, specific design procedures and pre-set strategies (durability, construction integrity, economy) aims to assure construction quality.
本研究的目的是为葡萄牙木结构房屋的建筑设计提出一种方法。建筑和制造公司接受了采访,以了解木屋市场。通过模拟一个项目的四种变体,包括不同的木材结构系统(木框架、柱和梁、原木和交叉层压木材),开发了一个案例研究。基于所识别的问题,通过使用决策支持表、程序列表和优化策略来定义设计方法。提出了一个多标准决策支持程序,以协助评估和选择潜在方案中的“最佳”解决方案。在项目阶段,使用具有构造和正式系统的体系结构类型目录可以促进流程的优化。在草图设计阶段,采用评估过程、具体设计程序和预设策略(耐久性、施工完整性、经济性)旨在确保施工质量。
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引用次数: 0
Análisis de vigencia del sistema constructivo LAD-MA para la autoconstrucción asistida de viviendas progresivas 渐进式住宅辅助自建的ladma建筑系统的有效性分析
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-12-18 DOI: 10.3989/ic.73728
R. Jiménez
Since the mid-1980s and until the early ‘90s of the twentieth century, various NGOs working on the housing problem for the most vulnerable segments of society in Chile explored different alternatives to offer practical solutions in a context of political dictatorship and a State with low response capacity. Among the NGOs of the time, «Taller Norte» Technical Assistance Center stands out. This article is part of an investigation that retrieves the technological experience of the LAD-MA construction system design, created to be used in mutual self-help programs. The study analyzes the effect that the economic and political social context of the time had over the system design, seeking to establish the validity of the construction system in the current social economic and political conditions.
自20世纪80年代中期至20世纪90年代初,致力于解决智利社会最弱势群体住房问题的各种非政府组织探索了不同的替代方案,以在政治独裁和国家应对能力低下的情况下提供切实可行的解决方案。在当时的非政府组织中,«Taller Norte»技术援助中心脱颖而出。本文是一项调查的一部分,旨在检索LAD-MA施工系统设计的技术经验,该系统旨在用于互助项目。本研究分析了当时的经济和政治社会背景对制度设计的影响,试图在当前的社会经济和政治条件下确立建设制度的有效性。
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引用次数: 1
Vigencia de las estrategias constructivas originales para la conservación de los entramados estructurales de madera, a través del ejemplo de un edificio madrileño del S. XIX 通过19世纪马德里的一座建筑的例子,原始建筑策略的有效性来保护木结构框架
IF 0.6 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-12-17 DOI: 10.3989/ic.73119
Manuel Iglesias Gutiérrez del Álamo, F. Lasheras Merino
Most of European and Spanish cities, specially Madrid, preserve an important residential heritage from the 19th century, they are a mix of timber and masonry buildings, which are currently being restored in order to be adapted to the Spanich CTE and the current demands. Investigating the knowledge from the 18th and 19th centuries technical treatises allow to research compatible answers both to the original technology and the basic demands of the CTE. This article stablishes, from the analysis of a paradicmatic bulding in Madrid, the hyphothesis about the traditional techniques being effective as a passive protection against pathologies caused by xylophagous, by comparing the original constructive solutions, the ones in contemporary technical trataises and their alteration during the life of the bulding.
大多数欧洲和西班牙城市,特别是马德里,都保存着19世纪的重要住宅遗产,它们是木材和砖石建筑的混合体,目前正在进行修复,以适应Spanich CTE和当前的需求。通过调查18世纪和19世纪技术论文中的知识,可以研究原始技术和CTE基本要求的兼容答案。本文通过对马德里的一个典型建筑的分析,通过比较原始的建筑解决方案、现代技术中的解决方案及其在建筑寿命中的变化,建立了传统技术作为一种被动保护措施对木食性疾病有效的假说。
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引用次数: 0
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Informes De La Construccion
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