Human Movement Science最新文献_第7页

Countermovement jump analysis: Effects of acoustic and visual stimuli on jump performance in volleyball players evaluated by inertial measurement unit 反向起跳分析：用惯性测量装置评价声视刺激对排球运动员起跳性能的影响

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103363

Paolo De Blasiis , Ciro Ivan De Girolamo , Marta Trucillo , Allegra Fullin , Nicola Moccaldi , Pasquale Arpaia , Angelica Perna , Germano Guerra , Domenico Tafuri , Angela Lucariello

The ability to perform maximal vertical jumps (VJs) significantly affects athletic performance in several sports, such as volleyball, with a paucity of studies investigating the effects of different sensory stimuli on VJ performance. To the best of our knowledge, no study quantitatively assessed the variations of spatial-temporal and kinetic parameters during Countermovement Jump-Free Arms (CMJ-FA) execution in different acoustic and visual conditions.

The aim of the present study is to explore the effects of visual and acoustic stimuli, in conditions considered incentive and disincentive, on CMJ-FA performance via an Inertial Measurements Unit (IMU). Twenty male volleyball athletes were assessed across five sessions, each with 3 CMJ-FA repetitions, performed either without sensory stimulus (NS), with incentive (IAS) and disincentive (DAS) acoustic stimulus, and with incentive (IVS) and disincentive (DVS) visual stimulus. Spatial-temporal and four kinetic parameters were evaluated. Significant differences in disincentive conditions with respect to NS in time of flight phase and jump height were observed. Moreover, in DVS a trend of increase for Impact Index compared to NS was found. Instead, no significant variations were found in incentive conditions compared to NS. These findings highlighted the interference of disincentive conditions on jump performance; moreover, an increase of ground impact force during landing phase in DVS may predispose to muscle-skeletal lower limb injuries. These knowledges could be useful to the sports trainers for improving athletes' control, in order to desensitize them from disincentive conditions, keeping a good performance and decreasing the risk of injuries during the competition.

进行最大垂直跳（VJs）的能力显著影响排球等几种运动的运动表现，但很少有研究调查不同感官刺激对VJ表现的影响。据我们所知，目前还没有研究定量评估在不同声光条件下反动作无跳臂（CMJ-FA）执行过程中时空和动力学参数的变化。本研究的目的是通过惯性测量单元（IMU）探索视觉和听觉刺激在考虑激励和非激励条件下对CMJ-FA性能的影响。20名男子排球运动员分5个阶段进行评估，每个阶段进行3次CMJ-FA重复，在没有感觉刺激（NS）、有激励（IAS）和抑制（DAS）声刺激、有激励（IVS）和抑制（DVS）视觉刺激的情况下进行。对时空和四个动力学参数进行了评价。在飞行阶段时间和跳跃高度方面，NS的抑制条件存在显著差异。此外，与NS相比，DVS的影响指数有上升趋势。相反，与NS相比，在激励条件上没有发现显著的变化。这些发现强调了抑制条件对跳远成绩的干扰；此外，在落地阶段地面冲击力的增加可能导致下肢肌肉-骨骼损伤。这些知识可以帮助运动训练人员提高运动员的控制能力，使运动员在比赛中不受不利条件的影响，保持良好的表现，降低受伤的风险。

{"title":"Countermovement jump analysis: Effects of acoustic and visual stimuli on jump performance in volleyball players evaluated by inertial measurement unit","authors":"Paolo De Blasiis , Ciro Ivan De Girolamo , Marta Trucillo , Allegra Fullin , Nicola Moccaldi , Pasquale Arpaia , Angelica Perna , Germano Guerra , Domenico Tafuri , Angela Lucariello","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ability to perform maximal vertical jumps (VJs) significantly affects athletic performance in several sports, such as volleyball, with a paucity of studies investigating the effects of different sensory stimuli on VJ performance. To the best of our knowledge, no study quantitatively assessed the variations of spatial-temporal and kinetic parameters during Countermovement Jump-Free Arms (CMJ-FA) execution in different acoustic and visual conditions.</div><div>The aim of the present study is to explore the effects of visual and acoustic stimuli, in conditions considered incentive and disincentive, on CMJ-FA performance via an Inertial Measurements Unit (IMU). Twenty male volleyball athletes were assessed across five sessions, each with 3 CMJ-FA repetitions, performed either without sensory stimulus (NS), with incentive (IAS) and disincentive (DAS) acoustic stimulus, and with incentive (IVS) and disincentive (DVS) visual stimulus. Spatial-temporal and four kinetic parameters were evaluated. Significant differences in disincentive conditions with respect to NS in time of flight phase and jump height were observed. Moreover, in DVS a trend of increase for Impact Index compared to NS was found. Instead, no significant variations were found in incentive conditions compared to NS. These findings highlighted the interference of disincentive conditions on jump performance; moreover, an increase of ground impact force during landing phase in DVS may predispose to muscle-skeletal lower limb injuries. These knowledges could be useful to the sports trainers for improving athletes' control, in order to desensitize them from disincentive conditions, keeping a good performance and decreasing the risk of injuries during the competition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103363"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Differential impact of sensory uncertainty in blocked versus trial-interleaved contexts when feedforward and feedback processes co-occur 当前馈和反馈过程同时发生时，阻塞与试验交错情境下感觉不确定性的差异影响

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-05-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103358

Matthew J. Crossley , Christopher L. Hewitson , David M. Kaplan

Theories of human motor learning commonly assume that the degree to which movement plans are adjusted in response to movement errors scales with the precision of sensory feedback received regarding their success. However, support for such models has mainly come from experiments that limit the amount of correction that can occur within an ongoing movement. In contrast, we have recently shown that when this restriction is relaxed, and both within-movement and between-movement corrections co-occur, movement plans undergo large and abrupt changes that are strongly correlated with the degree of sensory uncertainty present on the previous trial and are insensitive to the magnitude and direction of the experienced movement error. Here, we show that the presence of these abrupt and error-insensitive changes are only observed when different levels of sensory uncertainty are interleaved pseudo-randomly on a trial-by-trial basis, and are absent when sensory uncertainty levels vary across blocks of trials. These results suggest that the co-occurrence of within-movement and between-movement corrections is not the only important aspect of our earlier study that challenged traditional models of motor learning under uncertainty.

人类运动学习理论通常假设，运动计划根据运动错误而调整的程度，与运动成功所收到的感官反馈的精度有关。然而，对这些模型的支持主要来自实验，这些实验限制了在正在进行的运动中可能发生的修正量。相反，我们最近的研究表明，当这一限制被放宽时，运动内和运动间的修正同时发生，运动计划会经历巨大而突然的变化，这种变化与先前试验中存在的感觉不确定性程度密切相关，并且对所经历的运动误差的大小和方向不敏感。在这里，我们表明，只有当不同水平的感觉不确定性在逐个试验的基础上伪随机交错时，才会观察到这些突变和错误不敏感变化的存在，而当感觉不确定性水平在试验块之间变化时则不存在。这些结果表明，运动内纠正和运动间纠正的共同发生并不是我们早期研究中挑战不确定性下传统运动学习模型的唯一重要方面。

{"title":"Differential impact of sensory uncertainty in blocked versus trial-interleaved contexts when feedforward and feedback processes co-occur","authors":"Matthew J. Crossley , Christopher L. Hewitson , David M. Kaplan","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Theories of human motor learning commonly assume that the degree to which movement plans are adjusted in response to movement errors scales with the precision of sensory feedback received regarding their success. However, support for such models has mainly come from experiments that limit the amount of correction that can occur within an ongoing movement. In contrast, we have recently shown that when this restriction is relaxed, and both within-movement and between-movement corrections co-occur, movement plans undergo large and abrupt changes that are strongly correlated with the degree of sensory uncertainty present on the previous trial and are insensitive to the magnitude and direction of the experienced movement error. Here, we show that the presence of these abrupt and error-insensitive changes are only observed when different levels of sensory uncertainty are interleaved pseudo-randomly on a trial-by-trial basis, and are absent when sensory uncertainty levels vary across blocks of trials. These results suggest that the co-occurrence of within-movement and between-movement corrections is not the only important aspect of our earlier study that challenged traditional models of motor learning under uncertainty.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144124260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The use of motor imagery in 6–7-year-old children is not robust: Evidence from two motor imagery tasks 6 - 7岁儿童运动意象的使用并不稳健：来自两个运动意象任务的证据

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103362

Satoshi Nobusako , Taeko Tsujimoto , Ayami Sakai , Teruyuki Yokomoto , Yusuke Nagakura , Nami Sakagami , Tomochika Fukunishi , Emiko Takata , Harumi Mouri , Michihiro Osumi , Akio Nakai , Shu Morioka

Motor imagery (MI) is a dynamic cognitive process in which an individual mentally simulates a movement without an external demonstration of the actual movement. The ability of adults to use MI has been well documented, but the ability of children to use MI is less clear. The current study examined age-related differences in MI using two MI tasks, the hand laterality recognition (HLR) and bimanual motor (BM) tasks, in 6–13-year-old typically developing children. Biomechanical constraint effects in the HLR task and the ovalization index (OI) of the imagery condition and the imagery coupling effect in the BM task, among others, were quantitative indicators of the ability to use MI. Significant biomechanical constraint effects in the HLR task and significant imagery coupling effects in the BM task were not observed in 6–7-year-old children, but were evident in 8–13-year-old children, indicating that the use of MI in 6–7-year-old children is not robust in either MI task. There was significant shortening of correct reaction time and improvement of accuracy in the HLR task with increasing age, but there was no significant age difference or correlation with age in the imagery coupling effect in the BM task. Therefore, the results suggest that MI ability as measured by the HLR task shows age-related improvements between 6 and 13 years of age, whereas MI ability, as measured by the BM task, does not show significant age-related differences over the same period.

运动想象（MI）是一个动态的认知过程，在这个过程中，个体在心理上模拟一个运动，而不需要外部的实际运动演示。成人使用心肌梗死的能力已被充分证明，但儿童使用心肌梗死的能力尚不清楚。目前的研究在6 - 13岁的典型发育儿童中使用两种MI任务，即手侧性识别（HLR）和双手运动（BM）任务来检查MI的年龄相关差异。HLR任务中的生物力学约束效应、图像条件的成核指数（OI）和BM任务中的图像耦合效应等是MI使用能力的定量指标。HLR任务中的生物力学约束效应和BM任务中的图像耦合效应在6 - 7岁儿童中未观察到，但在8 - 13岁儿童中表现明显。这表明6 - 7岁儿童使用MI在两项MI任务中都不稳健。HLR任务的正确反应时间和准确度随年龄的增加而显著缩短，而BM任务的图像耦合效应不存在显著的年龄差异或与年龄的相关性。因此，结果表明，通过HLR任务测量的MI能力在6至13岁之间显示出与年龄相关的改善，而通过BM任务测量的MI能力在同一时期没有显示出显着的年龄相关差异。

{"title":"The use of motor imagery in 6–7-year-old children is not robust: Evidence from two motor imagery tasks","authors":"Satoshi Nobusako , Taeko Tsujimoto , Ayami Sakai , Teruyuki Yokomoto , Yusuke Nagakura , Nami Sakagami , Tomochika Fukunishi , Emiko Takata , Harumi Mouri , Michihiro Osumi , Akio Nakai , Shu Morioka","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Motor imagery (MI) is a dynamic cognitive process in which an individual mentally simulates a movement without an external demonstration of the actual movement. The ability of adults to use MI has been well documented, but the ability of children to use MI is less clear. The current study examined age-related differences in MI using two MI tasks, the hand laterality recognition (HLR) and bimanual motor (BM) tasks, in 6–13-year-old typically developing children. Biomechanical constraint effects in the HLR task and the ovalization index (OI) of the imagery condition and the imagery coupling effect in the BM task, among others, were quantitative indicators of the ability to use MI. Significant biomechanical constraint effects in the HLR task and significant imagery coupling effects in the BM task were not observed in 6–7-year-old children, but were evident in 8–13-year-old children, indicating that the use of MI in 6–7-year-old children is not robust in either MI task. There was significant shortening of correct reaction time and improvement of accuracy in the HLR task with increasing age, but there was no significant age difference or correlation with age in the imagery coupling effect in the BM task. Therefore, the results suggest that MI ability as measured by the HLR task shows age-related improvements between 6 and 13 years of age, whereas MI ability, as measured by the BM task, does not show significant age-related differences over the same period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reliance on vision for walking balance is related to somatosensory function in individuals with and without cerebral palsy 行走平衡依赖视觉与脑瘫患者的体感功能有关

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103361

Ashwini Sansare , Hendrik Reimann , Barry Bodt , Maelyn Arcodia , Khushboo Verma , John Jeka , Samuel C.K. Lee

Aim

To investigate the relationship between somatosensory deficits, specifically ankle and hip joint position sense, two-point discrimination, and vibration on the (1) responses to visual perturbations during walking and (2) response improvements to visual perturbations while receiving a sensory-centric treatment, i.e., stochastic resonance (SR) stimulation, in individuals with and without cerebral palsy (CP).

Methods

Twenty-eight individuals (14 CP, 14 age-and sex-matched controls) walked in a virtual reality cave while receiving visual perturbations. We applied SR to the ankle and hip joints. Data analysis consisted of regression analyses for each sensory test as well as multiple regression analysis (MRA) using all four sensory tests as predictors with the responses to visual perturbation and the improvements in the responses when SR is applied as outcomes.

Results

We found significant and strong correlations between performance on sensory tests and the responses to visual perturbations, and improvements in the responses with SR. Only one predictor could be entered into the MRA, indicating that performance on any of the sensory tests could predict the responses to visual perturbation and the improvements with SR.

Interpretation

Individuals with sensory deficits are more responsive to sensory-centric interventions. This study is an initial step in identifying potential “responders” to sensory therapies in individuals with CP.

目的探讨体感缺陷，特别是踝关节和髋关节位置感、两点辨别和振动对(1)行走时视觉扰动反应和(2)接受随机共振（SR）刺激后视觉扰动反应改善的关系。方法28名受试者（14名CP， 14名年龄和性别匹配的对照组）在一个虚拟现实洞穴中行走，同时受到视觉干扰。我们将SR应用于踝关节和髋关节。数据分析包括对每个感官测试的回归分析，以及使用所有四种感官测试作为预测因素的多元回归分析（MRA），以视觉扰动的反应和应用SR作为结果时反应的改善。结果感官测试的表现与视觉干扰的反应和sr的改善之间存在显著且强的相关性。MRA中只能输入一个预测因子，表明任何感官测试的表现都可以预测视觉干扰的反应和sr的改善。这项研究是鉴别CP患者对感觉治疗的潜在“应答者”的第一步。

{"title":"Reliance on vision for walking balance is related to somatosensory function in individuals with and without cerebral palsy","authors":"Ashwini Sansare , Hendrik Reimann , Barry Bodt , Maelyn Arcodia , Khushboo Verma , John Jeka , Samuel C.K. Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To investigate the relationship between somatosensory deficits, specifically ankle and hip joint position sense, two-point discrimination, and vibration on the (1) responses to visual perturbations during walking and (2) response improvements to visual perturbations while receiving a sensory-centric treatment, i.e., stochastic resonance (SR) stimulation, in individuals with and without cerebral palsy (CP).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-eight individuals (14 CP, 14 age-and sex-matched controls) walked in a virtual reality cave while receiving visual perturbations. We applied SR to the ankle and hip joints. Data analysis consisted of regression analyses for each sensory test as well as multiple regression analysis (MRA) using all four sensory tests as predictors with the responses to visual perturbation and the improvements in the responses when SR is applied as outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found significant and strong correlations between performance on sensory tests and the responses to visual perturbations, and improvements in the responses with SR. Only one predictor could be entered into the MRA, indicating that performance on any of the sensory tests could predict the responses to visual perturbation and the improvements with SR.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Individuals with sensory deficits are more responsive to sensory-centric interventions. This study is an initial step in identifying potential “responders” to sensory therapies in individuals with CP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103361"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Accuracy and stability in non-immersive VR: How display type and body position influence motor performance 非沉浸式VR的准确性和稳定性：显示类型和身体位置如何影响运动性能

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-05-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103360

Madison Weinrich , Osmar P. Neto , Yiyu Wang , Renee Abbott , Michael Walsh , Ana Diaz-Artiles , Deanna M. Kennedy

The application of virtual and augmented reality spans various domains, including education, entertainment, healthcare, the military, sports, telecommunications, and space exploration. These technological advancements have profoundly transformed how millions of people interact with and navigate their environments. However, the impact of display type and body position on motor performance remains underexplored. This study aims to elucidate how these environmental constraints affect bimanual coordination by comparing performance under two display conditions: virtual reality (VR) goggles and projected screen. Participants (N = 12), all right-limb dominant, performed a continuous 1:1 bimanual force coordination task with a 90° relative phase offset using Lissajous plots as visual feedback. Performance was assessed in two body positions (upright and recumbent) manipulated by a tilt table. The results revealed that using VR goggles minimized performance differences between the upright and recumbent positions, suggesting that using VR goggles stabilizes motor coordination by reducing perceptual distractions and mitigating environmental constraints. In contrast, the projection screen condition demonstrated higher force coherence in the 8–12 Hz band during the recumbent condition compared to the upright position, indicative of force synchronization differences related to body position. However, the projected screen group displayed lower absolute error during the recumbent positions. This suggests that while VR goggles support consistent motor output across varied postures by simplifying perceptual input, projection screens may enhance motor synchronization and attention under controlled conditions due to more straightforward visual processing. These findings highlight a trade-off between display types: VR offers stability and adaptability, making it advantageous for tasks that require consistent performance across changing postures, whereas projection screens may be better suited for tasks requiring precise motor control and heightened attentional focus. The study underscores the need for task-specific considerations in the design and use of display environments for training, rehabilitation, and motor coordination tasks.

虚拟现实和增强现实的应用横跨各个领域，包括教育、娱乐、医疗、军事、体育、电信和太空探索。这些技术进步深刻地改变了数百万人与环境互动和导航的方式。然而，显示类型和身体位置对运动性能的影响仍未得到充分探讨。本研究旨在通过比较虚拟现实（VR）护目镜和投影屏幕两种显示条件下的表现，阐明这些环境约束如何影响双手协调。参与者（N = 12），均为右肢优势，使用Lissajous图作为视觉反馈，在相对相位偏移90°的情况下进行连续1:1的双手力协调任务。在两个身体位置（直立和平躺）由倾斜桌操纵的性能进行评估。结果显示，使用VR护目镜可以最大限度地减少直立和平卧姿势之间的表现差异，这表明使用VR护目镜可以通过减少感知干扰和减轻环境约束来稳定运动协调。相比之下，投影屏幕条件下，平躺状态下8-12 Hz频段的力相干性高于直立状态，表明力同步差异与身体位置有关。然而，投影屏幕组在平卧位置时显示出较低的绝对误差。这表明，虽然VR护目镜通过简化感知输入来支持不同姿势的一致运动输出，但投影屏幕可以通过更直接的视觉处理来增强受控条件下的运动同步和注意力。这些发现强调了显示类型之间的权衡：VR提供稳定性和适应性，使其有利于需要在不同姿势下保持一致表现的任务，而投影屏幕可能更适合需要精确运动控制和高度注意力集中的任务。该研究强调了在设计和使用训练、康复和运动协调任务的显示环境时需要考虑具体任务。

{"title":"Accuracy and stability in non-immersive VR: How display type and body position influence motor performance","authors":"Madison Weinrich , Osmar P. Neto , Yiyu Wang , Renee Abbott , Michael Walsh , Ana Diaz-Artiles , Deanna M. Kennedy","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of virtual and augmented reality spans various domains, including education, entertainment, healthcare, the military, sports, telecommunications, and space exploration. These technological advancements have profoundly transformed how millions of people interact with and navigate their environments. However, the impact of display type and body position on motor performance remains underexplored. This study aims to elucidate how these environmental constraints affect bimanual coordination by comparing performance under two display conditions: virtual reality (VR) goggles and projected screen. Participants (<em>N</em> = 12), all right-limb dominant, performed a continuous 1:1 bimanual force coordination task with a 90° relative phase offset using Lissajous plots as visual feedback. Performance was assessed in two body positions (upright and recumbent) manipulated by a tilt table. The results revealed that using VR goggles minimized performance differences between the upright and recumbent positions, suggesting that using VR goggles stabilizes motor coordination by reducing perceptual distractions and mitigating environmental constraints. In contrast, the projection screen condition demonstrated higher force coherence in the 8–12 Hz band during the recumbent condition compared to the upright position, indicative of force synchronization differences related to body position. However, the projected screen group displayed lower absolute error during the recumbent positions. This suggests that while VR goggles support consistent motor output across varied postures by simplifying perceptual input, projection screens may enhance motor synchronization and attention under controlled conditions due to more straightforward visual processing. These findings highlight a trade-off between display types: VR offers stability and adaptability, making it advantageous for tasks that require consistent performance across changing postures, whereas projection screens may be better suited for tasks requiring precise motor control and heightened attentional focus. The study underscores the need for task-specific considerations in the design and use of display environments for training, rehabilitation, and motor coordination tasks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103360"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143929470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of immersive virtual reality on overground gait stability in children with cerebral palsy: A prospective case-control study 沉浸式虚拟现实对脑瘫儿童地面步态稳定性的影响：一项前瞻性病例对照研究

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103359

Regine Lohss , Morgan Sangeux , Rosa M.S. Visscher , Rebecca Winter , Michelle Gwerder , Norbert Zentai , Philippe Cattin , Elke Viehweger

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of walking in a virtual world, particularly on a virtual plank at varying heights, on gait stability in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and typical development (TD).

Method

Twenty-two participants with CP (13 males; 11 years 2 months) and twenty-four with TD (10 males; 11 years 11 months) were included. After undergoing clinical gait analysis, participants were immersed in VR via a head-mounted display and walked on a virtual plank at varying heights. Linear mixed-effect models were fitted for: margin of stability (MoS), whole-body angular momentum (WBAM), single limb support % (SLS), variability of step length (SLV), stride width (SWV), and kinematics (GaitSD). Fixed effects were group (CP vs. TD), condition (walking in the real world vs. virtual world) and virtual height.

Results

GaitSD and SWV were positively correlated with VR, and lateral MoS was negatively correlated. Lateral MoS and coronal WBAM were positively correlated with CP and VR, while anterior MoS and sagittal WBAM were negatively correlated. Lateral MoS was positively correlated with height in CP, while anterior MoS, sagittal WBAM, SLS, SLV and SWV were negatively correlated.

Conclusions

Virtual heights induced gait instability, which was more pronounced in CP than TD. WBAM, SLV, and SLS were the most appropriate biomarkers for defining gait instability.

目的评估在虚拟世界中行走，特别是在不同高度的虚拟平板上行走，对脑瘫（CP）和典型发育（TD）儿童步态稳定性的影响。方法22例CP患者(男性13例；11岁2个月)和24例TD(10例男性；11年11个月)。在进行临床步态分析后，参与者通过头戴式显示器沉浸在VR中，并在不同高度的虚拟木板上行走。拟合线性混合效应模型：稳定裕度（MoS）、全身角动量（WBAM）、单肢支撑% （SLS）、步长变异性（SLV）、步幅宽度（SWV）和运动学（GaitSD）。固定效应是组（CP vs. TD），条件（在真实世界中行走vs.虚拟世界）和虚拟高度。结果gaitsd和SWV与VR呈正相关，而横向MoS与VR呈负相关。侧边MoS和冠状面WBAM与CP和VR呈正相关，而前边MoS和矢状面WBAM呈负相关。侧位MoS与CP高度呈正相关，前位MoS与矢状面WBAM、SLS、SLV、SWV呈负相关。结论虚拟高度引起的步态不稳定在CP组比TD组更为明显。WBAM、SLV和SLS是定义步态不稳定最合适的生物标志物。

{"title":"Effect of immersive virtual reality on overground gait stability in children with cerebral palsy: A prospective case-control study","authors":"Regine Lohss , Morgan Sangeux , Rosa M.S. Visscher , Rebecca Winter , Michelle Gwerder , Norbert Zentai , Philippe Cattin , Elke Viehweger","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate the effect of walking in a virtual world, particularly on a virtual plank at varying heights, on gait stability in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and typical development (TD).</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Twenty-two participants with CP (13 males; 11 years 2 months) and twenty-four with TD (10 males; 11 years 11 months) were included. After undergoing clinical gait analysis, participants were immersed in VR via a head-mounted display and walked on a virtual plank at varying heights. Linear mixed-effect models were fitted for: margin of stability (MoS), whole-body angular momentum (WBAM), single limb support % (SLS), variability of step length (SLV), stride width (SWV), and kinematics (GaitSD). Fixed effects were group (CP vs. TD), condition (walking in the real world vs. virtual world) and virtual height.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>GaitSD and SWV were positively correlated with VR, and lateral MoS was negatively correlated. Lateral MoS and coronal WBAM were positively correlated with CP and VR, while anterior MoS and sagittal WBAM were negatively correlated. Lateral MoS was positively correlated with height in CP, while anterior MoS, sagittal WBAM, SLS, SLV and SWV were negatively correlated.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Virtual heights induced gait instability, which was more pronounced in CP than TD. WBAM, SLV, and SLS were the most appropriate biomarkers for defining gait instability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103359"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optic flow and cycling effort: Where to look to go faster 光流和循环努力：哪里看得更快

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103353

Sem Otten , Ruud J.R. Den Hartigh , Frank T.J.M. Zaal , Benoît G. Bardy , Christophe Gernigon

Optic flow can significantly influence the perception and exertion of effort. In this study, we investigated the effects of exposure to proximal and distal areas of the optic flow field on exerted and perceived cycling effort. Thirty cyclists participated in two 20-min cycling trials within a virtual reality environment, with the goal of surpassing the power output achieved during a baseline trial. During these trials, they viewed the environment through a proximal or distal window, in counterbalanced order. We measured the cyclists' exerted effort on a bicycle trainer, and recorded their responses regarding perceived effort and psychological momentum experience. A one-way repeated measures ANCOVA with average baseline power as a covariate revealed a significant difference in exerted effort between the proximal and distal condition, with higher average exerted effort in the proximal condition. However, a significant interaction effect between condition and baseline power indicated that the beneficial effect of the proximal condition was mainly present for lower-level cyclists. We observed no significant differences in perceived effort or psychological momentum. These findings provide novel insights into the relation between optic flow and cycling effort, and call for new research on the mechanisms underlying this relation.

光流可以显著影响努力的感知和发挥。在这项研究中，我们研究了暴露于光流场的近端和远端区域对施加和感知的循环努力的影响。30名骑行者在虚拟现实环境中参加了两次20分钟的骑行试验，目标是超过基线试验期间实现的功率输出。在这些试验中，他们以平衡的顺序通过近端或远端窗口观察环境。我们测量了骑自行车者在自行车训练器上施加的努力，并记录了他们对感知努力和心理动力体验的反应。以平均基线功率为协变量的单向重复测量ANCOVA显示，近端和远端条件下的用力有显著差异，近端条件下的平均用力更高。然而，条件与基线功率之间存在显著的交互作用，表明近端条件的有利作用主要存在于水平较低的自行车运动员身上。我们观察到在感知努力和心理动力方面没有显著差异。这些发现为光流与循环努力之间的关系提供了新的见解，并呼吁对这种关系的机制进行新的研究。

{"title":"Optic flow and cycling effort: Where to look to go faster","authors":"Sem Otten , Ruud J.R. Den Hartigh , Frank T.J.M. Zaal , Benoît G. Bardy , Christophe Gernigon","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optic flow can significantly influence the perception and exertion of effort. In this study, we investigated the effects of exposure to proximal and distal areas of the optic flow field on exerted and perceived cycling effort. Thirty cyclists participated in two 20-min cycling trials within a virtual reality environment, with the goal of surpassing the power output achieved during a baseline trial. During these trials, they viewed the environment through a proximal or distal window, in counterbalanced order. We measured the cyclists' exerted effort on a bicycle trainer, and recorded their responses regarding perceived effort and psychological momentum experience. A one-way repeated measures ANCOVA with average baseline power as a covariate revealed a significant difference in exerted effort between the proximal and distal condition, with higher average exerted effort in the proximal condition. However, a significant interaction effect between condition and baseline power indicated that the beneficial effect of the proximal condition was mainly present for lower-level cyclists. We observed no significant differences in perceived effort or psychological momentum. These findings provide novel insights into the relation between optic flow and cycling effort, and call for new research on the mechanisms underlying this relation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103353"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143868623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gender stereotype threat and motor learning: Exploring its impact, underlying mechanisms, and attentional focus pathways for mitigation 性别刻板印象威胁与运动学习：探讨其影响、潜在机制和缓解的注意焦点途径

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103357

Seyyed Mohammadreza Mousavi , Hamid Salehi , Takehiro Iwatsuki

While some studies suggest stereotype threat negatively affects motor performance and learning, further research is needed to better understand its effects and underlying mechanisms, which could lead to strategies for mitigating its impact. In experiment 1, we 1) investigated the effects of gender stereotype threat on learning of an aiming task among adolescent girls, 2) evaluated conscious processes and motivational processes to explore the variables that act as mediators in the context of stereotype threats on performance, and 3) conducted in-depth interviews to explore the participants' experiences, understandings, and opinions related to gender stereotype. Moving one step further, with respect to our findings in Exp 1, we tested whether attentional focus strategies could mitigate the negative effects of stereotype threat on the motor learning of adolescent girls (Exp 2). Our results revealed that implementing an external focus of attention can mitigate the detrimental effects of stereotype threat on motor performance and learning in adolescent girls. These findings hold significant implications for the acquisition of motor skills among adolescents, especially in stereotype-threat conditions. Coaches and teachers, particularly in activities such as throwing, can encourage adolescents to adopt an external focus of attention.

虽然一些研究表明刻板印象威胁对运动表现和学习产生负面影响，但需要进一步的研究来更好地了解其影响和潜在机制，从而找到减轻其影响的策略。实验1考察了性别刻板印象威胁对青春期女孩目标任务学习的影响，评价了刻板印象威胁背景下的意识过程和动机过程，探讨了刻板印象威胁背景下对目标任务学习的中介变量，并通过深度访谈探讨了被试对性别刻板印象的体验、理解和看法。在实验1的基础上，我们进一步验证了注意焦点策略是否可以减轻刻板印象威胁对青春期女孩运动学习的负面影响（实验2）。结果表明，实施外部注意焦点可以减轻刻板印象威胁对青春期女孩运动表现和学习的不利影响。这些发现对青少年运动技能的习得具有重要意义，特别是在刻板印象威胁条件下。教练和教师，特别是在投掷等活动中，可以鼓励青少年采用外部注意力焦点。

{"title":"Gender stereotype threat and motor learning: Exploring its impact, underlying mechanisms, and attentional focus pathways for mitigation","authors":"Seyyed Mohammadreza Mousavi , Hamid Salehi , Takehiro Iwatsuki","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While some studies suggest stereotype threat negatively affects motor performance and learning, further research is needed to better understand its effects and underlying mechanisms, which could lead to strategies for mitigating its impact. In experiment 1, we 1) investigated the effects of gender stereotype threat on learning of an aiming task among adolescent girls, 2) evaluated conscious processes and motivational processes to explore the variables that act as mediators in the context of stereotype threats on performance, and 3) conducted in-depth interviews to explore the participants' experiences, understandings, and opinions related to gender stereotype. Moving one step further, with respect to our findings in Exp 1, we tested whether attentional focus strategies could mitigate the negative effects of stereotype threat on the motor learning of adolescent girls (Exp 2). Our results revealed that implementing an external focus of attention can mitigate the detrimental effects of stereotype threat on motor performance and learning in adolescent girls. These findings hold significant implications for the acquisition of motor skills among adolescents, especially in stereotype-threat conditions. Coaches and teachers, particularly in activities such as throwing, can encourage adolescents to adopt an external focus of attention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103357"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond unilateral motor impairments: Role of bilateral force control and strength asymmetry in gait coordination and falls post-stroke 超越单侧运动损伤：卒中后双侧力量控制和力量不对称在步态协调和跌倒中的作用

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103356

Prakruti Patel, Neha Lodha

Coordination between lower extremities is a fundamental aspect of walking, yet it has received limited attention in locomotor recovery post-stroke. We aimed to compare the impact of unilateral versus bilateral force impairments on gait coordination and examine the relationship between gait coordination and incidence of falls post-stroke. In adults with stroke (N = 22) and age-similar healthy controls (N = 22), we measured gait coordination with phase coordination index (PCI) during overground walking. We measured force control for ankle dorsiflexors in unilateral and bilateral conditions. Unilateral force impairments were quantified with force error during visuomotor tracking and maximum voluntary contraction force for each leg. Bilateral force impairments were measured with cross-correlation coefficient, time lag, and strength symmetry. We recorded the history of falls in the previous year for adults with stroke. Compared with controls, adults with stroke showed significantly increased PCI, decreased cross-correlation coefficient and increased time lag between bilateral forces. Force error of both paretic and non-paretic legs was increased in the stroke group. Strength symmetry and cross-correlation coefficient explained 59.5 % of the variance in PCI (p < 0.001). However, unilateral force impairments were not associated with PCI. Adults with stroke reported a previous fall incidence rate of 59.09 %. Stroke survivors with a history of fall showed significantly higher PCI relative to stroke survivors without a history of fall (p < 0.01). We found a significant relationship between falls and PCI (p < 0.05) such that poor gait coordination was related to past incidence of falls in stroke survivors. The current study provides novel insights that impairments in bilateral, but not unilateral force control influences coordination during overground walking post-stroke. Specifically, impaired timing between bilateral ankle forces and strength asymmetry negatively impacts gait coordination post-stroke. Impaired gait coordination elevates the risk for falling post-stroke, thereby compromising safe mobility in individuals with stroke.

下肢之间的协调是行走的一个基本方面，但它在中风后运动恢复中受到的关注有限。我们的目的是比较单侧和双侧力量损伤对步态协调的影响，并研究步态协调与卒中后跌倒发生率之间的关系。在中风成人（N = 22）和年龄相似的健康对照（N = 22）中，我们用相协调指数（PCI）测量了地上行走时的步态协调性。我们测量了单侧和双侧踝关节背屈肌的力量控制。通过视觉运动追踪时的力误差和每条腿的最大自主收缩力来量化单侧力损伤。通过相互相关系数、时间滞后和强度对称性测量双侧力损伤。我们记录了前一年中风患者跌倒的历史。与对照组相比，成年脑卒中患者PCI明显增加，相互关联系数降低，双侧力之间的滞后时间增加。卒中组瘸腿和非瘸腿的力误差均增加。强度对称性和相互相关系数解释了59.5%的PCI方差(p <；0.001)。然而，单侧力量损伤与PCI无关。据报道，中风患者以前的跌倒发生率为59.09%。有跌倒史的脑卒中幸存者的PCI明显高于无跌倒史的脑卒中幸存者(p <；0.01)。我们发现跌倒与PCI有显著关系(p <；0.05)，因此步态协调性差与中风幸存者过去跌倒的发生率有关。目前的研究提供了新的见解，即双侧而非单侧力量控制的损伤会影响中风后地上行走的协调。具体来说，双侧踝关节力量和力量不对称之间的时间受损会对中风后的步态协调产生负面影响。步态协调受损会增加中风后跌倒的风险，从而影响中风患者的安全行动能力。

{"title":"Beyond unilateral motor impairments: Role of bilateral force control and strength asymmetry in gait coordination and falls post-stroke","authors":"Prakruti Patel, Neha Lodha","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coordination between lower extremities is a fundamental aspect of walking, yet it has received limited attention in locomotor recovery post-stroke. We aimed to compare the impact of unilateral versus bilateral force impairments on gait coordination and examine the relationship between gait coordination and incidence of falls post-stroke. In adults with stroke (<em>N</em> = 22) and age-similar healthy controls (N = 22), we measured gait coordination with phase coordination index (PCI) during overground walking. We measured force control for ankle dorsiflexors in unilateral and bilateral conditions. Unilateral force impairments were quantified with force error during visuomotor tracking and maximum voluntary contraction force for each leg. Bilateral force impairments were measured with cross-correlation coefficient, time lag, and strength symmetry. We recorded the history of falls in the previous year for adults with stroke. Compared with controls, adults with stroke showed significantly increased PCI, decreased cross-correlation coefficient and increased time lag between bilateral forces. Force error of both paretic and non-paretic legs was increased in the stroke group. Strength symmetry and cross-correlation coefficient explained 59.5 % of the variance in PCI (<em>p</em> < 0.001). However, unilateral force impairments were not associated with PCI. Adults with stroke reported a previous fall incidence rate of 59.09 %. Stroke survivors with a history of fall showed significantly higher PCI relative to stroke survivors without a history of fall (<em>p</em> < 0.01). We found a significant relationship between falls and PCI (<em>p</em> < 0.05) such that poor gait coordination was related to past incidence of falls in stroke survivors. The current study provides novel insights that impairments in bilateral, but not unilateral force control influences coordination during overground walking post-stroke. Specifically, impaired timing between bilateral ankle forces and strength asymmetry negatively impacts gait coordination post-stroke. Impaired gait coordination elevates the risk for falling post-stroke, thereby compromising safe mobility in individuals with stroke.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103356"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143842751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Task difficulty promotes tactical learning but supresses the positive learning effects of autonomy and cognitive effort 任务困难促进了策略学习，但抑制了自主性和认知努力的积极学习效果

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103354

Dave Bright , Jenny Smith , Philip Kearney , Oliver Runswick

Learning conditions that provide task-relevant autonomy, and those that encourage cognitive effort through manipulations of difficulty, have been reported to enhance skill development. However, research is yet to directly compare these two manipulations to establish their relative contribution to enhancing motor learning. This study used an on-screen target interception task to compare an autonomous group (self-selection of racquet size), a Challenge Point group (performance-contingent racquet size), a yoked group, and a fixed racquet size control group. Task accuracy and self-report measures of intrinsic motivation and cognitive effort were recorded at multiple time points across acquisition and at immediate, 24-h, seven-day, and 30-day retention and transfer tests. Results showed that task accuracy improved over acquisition, and remained robust across all retention tests, but no between group differences were seen. Intrinsic motivation levels decreased over acquisition, but with no between group differences observed. Participants (83, mean age 40(±12) years, 50 % male) within all groups reported consistently high cognitive effort scores, and made tactical learning choices, suggesting that high task difficulty may have suppressed the more subtle effects of autonomy and performance contingent practice. Conclusions are made regarding the variability of individual approaches to a novel task and the need to build experiments that can detect these idiosyncrasies.

据报道，提供任务相关自主权的学习条件，以及那些通过操纵困难来鼓励认知努力的学习条件，可以提高技能发展。然而，研究尚未直接比较这两种操作，以确定它们对增强运动学习的相对贡献。本研究采用屏幕目标拦截任务来比较自主组（自我选择球拍尺寸）、挑战点组（根据成绩决定球拍尺寸）、负重组和固定球拍尺寸对照组。在习得、即时、24小时、7天和30天保留和转移测试的多个时间点记录任务准确性和内在动机和认知努力的自我报告测量。结果表明，任务准确性在习得过程中有所提高，并在所有记忆测试中保持稳健，但组间没有差异。内在动机水平在习得过程中有所下降，但组间无差异。所有组的参与者（83人，平均年龄40（±12）岁，50%为男性）都报告了一致的高认知努力得分，并做出了战术学习选择，这表明高任务难度可能抑制了自主性和绩效偶然练习的更微妙的影响。结论是关于个体方法的可变性，以一个新的任务和需要建立实验，可以检测这些特质。

{"title":"Task difficulty promotes tactical learning but supresses the positive learning effects of autonomy and cognitive effort","authors":"Dave Bright , Jenny Smith , Philip Kearney , Oliver Runswick","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Learning conditions that provide task-relevant autonomy, and those that encourage cognitive effort through manipulations of difficulty, have been reported to enhance skill development. However, research is yet to directly compare these two manipulations to establish their relative contribution to enhancing motor learning. This study used an on-screen target interception task to compare an autonomous group (self-selection of racquet size), a Challenge Point group (performance-contingent racquet size), a yoked group, and a fixed racquet size control group. Task accuracy and self-report measures of intrinsic motivation and cognitive effort were recorded at multiple time points across acquisition and at immediate, 24-h, seven-day, and 30-day retention and transfer tests. Results showed that task accuracy improved over acquisition, and remained robust across all retention tests, but no between group differences were seen. Intrinsic motivation levels decreased over acquisition, but with no between group differences observed. Participants (83, mean age 40(±12) years, 50 % male) within all groups reported consistently high cognitive effort scores, and made tactical learning choices, suggesting that high task difficulty may have suppressed the more subtle effects of autonomy and performance contingent practice. Conclusions are made regarding the variability of individual approaches to a novel task and the need to build experiments that can detect these idiosyncrasies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103354"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0