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Effect of experimentally induced muscle pain on neuromuscular control of force production 实验诱导的肌肉疼痛对神经肌肉控制力量产生的影响
IF 2.1 3区 心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103219
Manoela Vieira Sousa , Márcio Goethel , Klaus M. Becker , Fernando Diefenthaeler , Ricardo J. Fernandes , Isabella de Santana Toro Batista , João Paulo Vilas-Boas , Ulysses Ervilha

Purpose

Neural and peripheral effects of induced muscle pain on explosive force production were investigated.

Methods

Nine participants performed two maximal, six explosive, and six electrical stimulations induced (twitches and octets) isometric knee extensions before and after (15 min of rest) receiving an intramuscular injection of hypertonic saline (pain inducer) or isotonic (placebo) infusions in two laboratory visits separated by 7 days.

Results

It was observed a reduction of peak torque production in maximal voluntary contraction in both conditions (9.3 and 3.3% for pain and placebo, respectively) and in the rate of torque development in placebo (7%). There was an increase in the rate of torque development for twitch and octets (10.5 and 15.8%, respectively) in the pain condition and peak torque for twitch (12%) in both conditions (as did the total rate of torque development for octets).

Conclusion

Force production decreases and increases during voluntary and involuntary contractions, respectively, suggesting that acute pain impairs force production via central mechanisms.

方法 九名参与者在接受肌肉注射高渗盐水(疼痛诱导剂)或等渗盐水(安慰剂)前后(休息 15 分钟)进行了两次最大伸膝、六次爆发力和六次电刺激诱导(抽搐和八次)等长伸膝运动,两次实验室访问相隔 7 天。结果发现,在两种情况下,最大自主收缩时产生的峰值扭矩都有所下降(疼痛和安慰剂分别为 9.3% 和 3.3%),安慰剂的扭矩发展速度也有所下降(7%)。结论在自主收缩和非自主收缩时,力的产生分别会减少和增加,这表明急性疼痛会通过中枢机制损害力的产生。
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引用次数: 0
Pistol shooting performance under pressure: Longitudinal changes in gaze behavior of male and female Army cadets 压力下的手枪射击表现:男女陆军学员凝视行为的纵向变化
IF 2.1 3区 心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103217
Vinicius Pontes de Amorim , Cassio M. Meira Jr. , Joan N. Vickers

We found evidence that Army cadets improved their gaze behavior and performance across time under high and low pressure in a shooting task. The purpose of the study was to determine if male and female cadets developed an optimal quiet eye (QE) onset, a longer QE duration, and decreased pupil diameter variability (PDV) over time under low (LP) and high pressure (HP) conditions. The study was carried out over four sessions, with intervals of 4.5 months. During each session, 16 men and 12 women, first-year cadets of The Brazilian Army Academy, performed ten pistol shots under counterbalanced LP and HP conditions. The cadets shot in the upright position and wore an eye-tracker. Shooting accuracy improved and did not differ for men and women in the LP condition, however during HP the women performed more poorly than the men in session 1 but improved to a level similar to the men in session 4. QE duration Pre (aiming) did not differ during LP, while during HP QE Post (execution) increased across the session for men and women. QE onset 2 (execution) occurred earlier for the men than women during LP, while during HP the women improved to a level similar to the men in sessions 3 and 4. PDV declined across sessions for men and women with the lowest values in sessions 3 and 4. The findings are discussed within social facilitation theory, which states the context of training affects the rate at which improvements in motor skills occur. The results show that women cadets can improve their shooting performance, quiet eye duration, quiet eye onset and pupil diameter variability to a level similar to men if three to four LP and HP training sessions are scheduled across approximately 12–18 months.

我们发现有证据表明,在射击任务中,陆军学员在高压力和低压力下的注视行为和表现都有所改善。研究的目的是确定在低压(LP)和高压(HP)条件下,男性和女性学员是否会随着时间的推移而发展出最佳的静视(QE)开始时间、更长的QE持续时间和更小的瞳孔直径变异性(PDV)。研究分四次进行,每次间隔 4.5 个月。在每次训练中,16 名男性和 12 名女性(巴西陆军军官学校一年级学员)在平衡低压和高压条件下进行了 10 次手枪射击。学员们采用直立姿势射击,并佩戴眼动仪。在 LP 条件下,男女学员的射击准确度均有提高,且无差异;但在 HP 条件下,女性学员在第 1 次训练中的表现比男性学员差,但在第 4 次训练中,她们的表现提高到了与男性学员相似的水平。在 LP 条件下,QE 持续时间前(瞄准)没有差异,而在 HP 条件下,男女 QE 持续时间后(执行)在整个过程中都有所增加。在 LP 阶段,男性的 QE 开始时间 2(执行)早于女性,而在 HP 阶段,女性的 QE 开始时间提高到了与第 3 和第 4 阶段男性相似的水平。男性和女性的 PDV 在各阶段均有所下降,最低值出现在第 3 和第 4 阶段。社会促进理论认为,训练环境会影响运动技能的提高速度。结果表明,如果在大约 12 至 18 个月的时间内安排三至四次 LP 和 HP 训练,女学员的射击成绩、安静用眼持续时间、安静用眼开始时间和瞳孔直径变化率都能提高到与男学员相似的水平。
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引用次数: 0
How spotting technique affects dizziness and postural stability after full-body rotations in dancers 定点技术如何影响舞蹈演员全身旋转后的头晕和姿势稳定性
IF 2.1 3区 心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103211
Andrea Schärli , Heiko Hecht , Fred W. Mast , Ernst-Joachim Hossner

Consecutive longitudinal axis rotations are very common in dance, ranging from head spins in break dance to pirouettes in ballet. They pose a rather formidable perceptuomotor challenge – and hence form an interesting window into human motor behaviour – yet they have been scarcely studied. In the present study, we investigated dancers' dizziness and postural stability after consecutive rotations. Rotations were performed actively or undergone passively, either with or without the use of a spotting technique in such an order that all 24 ordering options were offered at least once and not more than twice.

Thirty-four dancers trained in ballet and/or contemporary dance (aged 27.2 ± 5.1 years) with a mean dance experience of 14.2 ± 7.1 years actively performed 14 revolutions in passé or coupé positions with a short gesture leg “foot down” after each revolution. In addition, they were passively turned through 14 revolutions on a motor-driven rotating chair. Participants' centre-of-pressure (COP) displacement was measured on a force-plate before and after the rotations. Moreover, the dancers indicated their subjective feeling of dizziness on a scale from 0 to 20 directly after the rotations. Both the active and passive conditions were completed with and without the dancers spotting.

As expected, dizziness was worse after rotations without the adoption of the spotting technique, both in active and passive rotations. However, the pre-post difference in COP area after active rotations was unaffected by spotting, whereas in the passive condition, spotting diminished this difference. Our results thus suggest that adopting the spotting technique is a useful tool for dizziness reduction in dancers who have to perform multiple rotations. Moreover, spotting appears most beneficial for postural stability when it involves less postural control challenges, such as when seated on a chair and occurs in situations with limited somatosensory feedback (e.g., from the cutaneous receptors in the feet). However, the unexpected finding that spotting did not help postural stability after active rotations needs to be investigated further in future studies, for example with a detailed analysis of whole-body kinematics and eye-tracking.

连续的纵轴旋转在舞蹈中非常常见,从霹雳舞中的头旋到芭蕾舞中的回旋,不一而足。它们构成了一项相当艰巨的知觉运动挑战,因此也是了解人类运动行为的一个有趣窗口,但对它们的研究却寥寥无几。在本研究中,我们调查了舞者在连续旋转后的眩晕感和姿势稳定性。34 名接受过芭蕾舞和/或现代舞训练的舞者(年龄为 27.2 ± 5.1 岁),平均舞蹈经验为 14.2 ± 7.1 年。他们以 Passé 或 coupé 姿势主动进行了 14 次旋转,每次旋转后都做了一个 "脚向下 "的短手势。此外,他们还被动地在电机驱动的旋转椅上转了 14 圈。旋转前后,参与者的压力中心(COP)位移在测力板上进行了测量。此外,舞者还在旋转后直接用 0 至 20 分的量表表示自己的主观眩晕感。正如预期的那样,无论是主动旋转还是被动旋转,在没有采用定点技术的情况下,旋转后的头晕感都更严重。然而,主动旋转后 COP 面积的前后差异不受定点技术的影响,而在被动条件下,定点技术则缩小了这一差异。因此,我们的研究结果表明,对于需要进行多次旋转的舞者来说,采用定点技术是减少头晕的有效工具。此外,在姿势控制挑战较小的情况下,如坐在椅子上,以及在体感反馈(如来自脚部的皮肤感受器)有限的情况下,定点技术似乎对姿势稳定性最有益处。然而,意外的发现是,点动对主动旋转后的姿势稳定性没有帮助,这需要在今后的研究中进一步探讨,例如通过对全身运动学和眼动跟踪进行详细分析。
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引用次数: 0
Neuroelectric indices of pre-motor planning and adiposity are selectively related to balance in children 运动前规划的神经电指数和肥胖与儿童平衡的选择性关系
IF 2.1 3区 心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103216
Shelby A. Keye , Christopher J. Kinder , Laura M. Rosok , Corinne N. Cannavale , Anne Walk , Naiman A. Khan

Background

Motor function and weight status are components of physical fitness that have been implicated in childhood motor and cognitive development. The lateralized readiness potential (LRP), an index of motor planning and action, can provide context surrounding relationships between fitness and brain activity underlying cognitive and motor functions. This study evaluated the relationship between the LRP and motor skills, as well as associations between weight status and neural and behavioral motor functions.

Methods

Children aged 7–13 (n = 35) participated in a cross-sectional study, using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children 2nd edition (MABC-2) to assess balance, manual dexterity, and aiming/catching. The stimulus- (LRP-S) and response-locked (LRP-R) LRPs were elicited from a modified flanker task. Stepwise regressions tested the association between LRPs and MABC-2 components. Linear regressions were conducted to examine BMI and %Fat in relation to LRPs and MABC-2 components.

Results

Analyses revealed that LRP-S mean amplitude difference (β = 0.401, P = 0.042) and reaction time interference scores (β = 0.545, P = 0.004) were positively associated with balance, after adjusting for covariates. The LRP-S and interference scores did not predict other MABC-2 outcomes and LRP-R did not predict any MABC-2 components. Further, %Fat (β = −0.439, P = 0.044), not BMI (β = −0.364, P = 0.082), only predicted balance.

Conclusion

We found that changes in the LRP-S amplitude were positively associated with balance, and %Fat was negatively related to balance. This evidence is that fitness components such as weight status and coordination are related to neural markers of motor function which may be useful in intervention designs aimed to improve brain function via improvements in physical fitness and health behaviors.

背景运动功能和体重状况是体能的组成部分,与儿童的运动和认知发展息息相关。侧向准备潜能(LRP)是运动规划和动作的一项指标,可为体能与大脑活动之间的关系提供基础认知和运动功能的背景。本研究评估了 LRP 与运动技能之间的关系,以及体重状况与神经和行为运动功能之间的关联。方法7-13 岁的儿童(n = 35)参加了一项横断面研究,使用儿童运动评估电池第 2 版(MABC-2)评估平衡、手的灵活性和瞄准/捕捉。刺激锁定(LRP-S)和反应锁定(LRP-R)LRP是从一项改良的侧翼任务中激发出来的。逐步回归测试了 LRP 与 MABC-2 成分之间的关联。结果分析表明,在调整协变量后,LRP-S 平均振幅差(β = 0.401,P = 0.042)和反应时间干扰得分(β = 0.545,P = 0.004)与平衡呈正相关。LRP-S和干扰得分不能预测MABC-2的其他结果,LRP-R不能预测MABC-2的任何成分。此外,只有脂肪百分比(β = -0.439,P = 0.044)而非体重指数(β = -0.364,P = 0.082)能预测平衡。这些证据表明,体重状况和协调性等体能要素与运动功能的神经标记相关,这可能有助于旨在通过改善体能和健康行为来改善大脑功能的干预设计。
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引用次数: 0
Quiet standing and anteroposterior limits of stability in adolescents and young adults with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy 患有双侧痉挛性脑瘫的青少年的安静站立和前胸稳定性极限
IF 2.1 3区 心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103215
Hidehito Tomita , Daisuke Kawaguchi , Shuhei Takahashi , Hitoshi Asai

Stance stability in individuals with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy (BSCP) in various standing postures including the quiet standing (QS) and limits of stability (LoS) has been widely studied. However, the relationships between the QS and LoS remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the relationships between the positions and postural sway in the QS and anteroposterior LoS in individuals with BSCP. It included 27 adolescents and young adults with BSCP (BSCP group) and 27 adolescents and young adults without disability (control group). The position of center of pressure in the anteroposterior direction (CoPy position) and the path length of center of pressure (CoP path length) during the QS and the anterior and posterior LoS (A-LoS and P-LoS, respectively) were measured using a force platform. The CoPy positions in the A-LoS and P-LoS in the BSCP group were limited compared with those in the control group. In the BSCP group, the more anterior the CoPy position in the QS, the more anterior (i.e., limited) it was in the P-LoS. Although the CoP path length in the QS was larger in the BSCP group, those in the A-LoS and P-LoS were larger in the control group. The BSCP group also showed that the more anterior the CoPy position or the longer the CoP path length in the QS, the more decreased the anteroposterior LoS range was. Therefore, assessing various standing postures, including QS and anteroposterior LoS, is important to manage balance impairments in individuals with BSCP.

人们对双侧痉挛性脑瘫(BSCP)患者在各种站立姿势(包括安静站立(QS)和极限稳定(LoS))下的姿态稳定性进行了广泛的研究。然而,QS 和 LoS 之间的关系仍不清楚。本研究旨在确定 BSCP 患者在 QS 和前胸 LoS 中的位置和姿势摇摆之间的关系。研究对象包括 27 名患有 BSCP 的青少年(BSCP 组)和 27 名无残疾的青少年(对照组)。研究人员使用测力平台测量了 QS 和前后 LoS(分别为 A-LoS 和 P-LoS)过程中前后方向的压力中心位置(CoPy 位置)和压力中心路径长度(CoP 路径长度)。与对照组相比,BSCP 组 A-LoS 和 P-LoS 的 CoPy 位置受到限制。在 BSCP 组中,CoPy 在 QS 中的位置越靠前,其在 P-LoS 中的位置就越靠前(即受限)。虽然 BSCP 组在 QS 中的 CoP 路径长度更大,但对照组在 A-LoS 和 P-LoS 中的 CoP 路径长度更大。BSCP 组还显示,CoPy 位置越靠前或 QS 中 CoP 路径长度越长,前胸 LoS 范围就越小。因此,评估各种站立姿势(包括 QS 和前胸 LoS)对于控制 BSCP 患者的平衡障碍非常重要。
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引用次数: 0
Feasibility of predicting functional decline in the elderly through key posture information during sit-to-stand movement 通过坐立运动中的关键姿势信息预测老年人功能衰退的可行性
IF 2.1 3区 心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103212
Chien-Hua Huang , Tien-lung Sun , Min-Chi Chiu , Bih-O Lee

Background

Early detection of functional decline in the elderly in day care centres facilitates timely implementation of preventive and treatment measures.

Research question

Whether or not a predictive model can be developed by applying image recognition to analyze elderly individuals' posture during the sit-to-stand (STS) manoeuvre.

Methods

We enrolled sixty-six participants (24 males and 42 females) in an observational study design. To estimate posture key point information, we employed a region-based convolutional neural network model and utilized nine key points and their coordinates to calculate seven eigenvalues (X1-X7) that represented the motion curve features during the STS manoeuvre. One-way analysis of variance was performed to evaluate four STS strategies and four types of compensation strategies for three groups with different capacities (college students, community-dwelling elderly, and day care center elderly). Finally, a machine learning predictive model was established.

Results

Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in all eigenvalues except X2 (momentum transfer phase, p = 0.168) between participant groups; significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in all eigenvalues except X2 (p = 0.219) and X3 (hip-rising phase, p = 0.286) between STS patterns; significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in all eigenvalues except X2 (p = 0.842) and X3 (p = 0.074) between compensation strategies. The motion curve eigenvalues of the seven posture key points were used to build a machine learning model with 85% accuracy in capacity detection, 70% accuracy in pattern detection, and 85% accuracy in compensation strategy detection.

Significance

This study preliminarily demonstrates that eigenvalues can be used to detect STS patterns and compensation strategies adopted by individuals with different capacities. Our machine learning model has excellent predictive accuracy and may be used to develop inexpensive and effective systems to help caregivers to continuously monitor STS patterns and compensation strategies of elderly individuals as warning signs of functional decline.

背景及早发现日间护理中心老年人的功能衰退有助于及时采取预防和治疗措施。研究问题通过图像识别分析老年人在坐立(STS)动作中的姿势,能否建立预测模型。为了估算姿势关键点信息,我们采用了一个基于区域的卷积神经网络模型,并利用九个关键点及其坐标计算出七个特征值(X1-X7),这些特征值代表了 STS 动作过程中的运动曲线特征。对三组不同能力的人群(大学生、社区居住老人和日间护理中心老人)的四种 STS 策略和四种补偿策略进行了单因素方差分析。结果除 X2(动量传递阶段,p = 0.168)外,其他特征值在参与者组间均存在显著差异(p < 0.05);除 X2(动量传递阶段,p = 0.168)外,其他特征值在参与者组间均存在显著差异(p < 0.05)。STS模式之间除X2(p = 0.219)和X3(髋部上升阶段,p = 0.286)外,所有特征值均有显著差异(p < 0.05);补偿策略之间除X2(p = 0.842)和X3(p = 0.074)外,所有特征值均有显著差异(p < 0.05)。利用七个姿势关键点的运动曲线特征值建立了一个机器学习模型,该模型在能力检测方面的准确率为 85%,在模式检测方面的准确率为 70%,在补偿策略检测方面的准确率为 85%。我们的机器学习模型具有出色的预测准确性,可用于开发廉价而有效的系统,帮助护理人员持续监测老年人的 STS 模式和补偿策略,作为功能衰退的预警信号。
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引用次数: 0
Combination of narrow and wide bandwidth knowledge of performance in the acquisition of a complex sports motor skill 在掌握一项复杂的运动技能时,将窄带和宽带性能知识结合起来
IF 2.1 3区 心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103214
Madson Pereira Cruz , Rodolfo Novellino Benda , Cíntia de Oliveira Matos , Crislaine Rangel Couto , Leandro Nogueira Dutra , Cícero Luciano Alves Costa , Herbert Ugrinowitsch

Objectives

This study tested the effects of combining two bandwidth knowledge of performance (KP) on a complex sports motor skill.

Method

Twenty-two elementary students were divided into combined wide and narrow bandwidth KP (WNG) and control group (CG). The task was the volleyball serve, whose goal was to hit the bull's eye center of a target lying on the floor on the opposite side of the court. The study was composed of a pre-test, acquisition phase and retention test, and had three measures (pre-test, intermediate test, and retention test) with 15 serves recorded each. The acquisition phase consisted of 252 trials. The WNG had a wide bandwidth KP in the first half of the acquisition phase and a narrow one in the second. The CG received KP in all trials. The effects of bandwidth KP were analyzed separately to infer parameters and skill structure learning.

Results

Both groups improved the skill structure from the first to the intermediate test, but only WNG also improved on the retention test. The parameters accuracy improved only on retention compared to the pre-test and intermediate test but had no difference between groups.

Conclusion

Providing information using the bandwidth KP led to an initial engagement and prioritization of skill structure learning.

方法将 22 名小学生分为宽窄带宽 KP 组(WNG)和对照组(CG)。任务是排球发球,目标是击中球场另一侧地板上目标的靶心。研究由前测试、习得阶段和保持测试组成,共有三项测试(前测试、中间测试和保持测试),每项测试记录 15 次发球。习得阶段包括 252 次试验。在习得阶段的前半部分,WNG 使用宽带 KP,后半部分使用窄带 KP。CG 在所有试验中都获得了 KP。我们分别分析了带宽 KP 的影响,以推断参数和技能结构的学习情况。结果两组人从第一次测试到中间测试的技能结构都有所改善,但只有 WNG 在保留测试中也有所改善。与前测和中测相比,只有 WNG 组在保留测试中的参数准确性有所提高,但各组之间没有差异。
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引用次数: 0
Visual cue spatial context affects performance of anticipatory postural adjustments 视觉线索空间环境影响预期姿势调整的表现
IF 2.1 3区 心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103210
Jenna Pitman , Julia Shannon , Michael J. MacLellan , Lori Ann Vallis

Past research indicates that anticipatory postural adjustment (APA) errors may be due to the incorrect selection of responses to visual stimuli. In the current study we used the Simon task as a methodological tool to challenge the response selection stage of processing by presenting visual cues with conflicting spatial context; in this case generating a step response to a left pointing arrow which appears to the participant's right side or vice versa. We expected greater mediolateral APA errors, delayed APA and step onset times, and greater lateral CoP displacement prior to stepping for visual cues with incongruent spatial contexts compared to cues with congruent. Thirteen healthy young adults completed step initiation trials (n = 40) from a force platform while whole-body kinematic motion was tracked. Participants were presented with arrows pointing to the left or right, indicating to step with the left or right limb, respectively. These arrows were presented on the same side as the desired step direction (congruent) or the opposite side (incongruent). Results revealed that incongruent trials resulted in significantly more incidences of mediolateral APA errors and greater mediolateral CoP deviations during the APA compared to congruent visual cue context trials. No effects were observed for the temporal outcomes, suggesting that young adults can maintain temporal execution of steps despite these motor control errors. This study demonstrates that the spatial context of visual information significantly impacts the success of response selection processes during step initiation, furthering our knowledge of how humans integrate visual information to initiate whole body movement.

过去的研究表明,预期姿势调整(APA)错误可能是由于对视觉刺激的反应选择不正确造成的。在当前的研究中,我们将西蒙任务作为一种方法工具,通过呈现具有空间背景冲突的视觉线索来挑战处理过程中的反应选择阶段;在这种情况下,对出现在受试者右侧的指向左侧的箭头或反之亦然,受试者会产生迈步反应。我们预计,与空间背景一致的视觉线索相比,空间背景不一致的视觉线索会产生更大的内外侧APA误差、延迟的APA和迈步开始时间,以及迈步前更大的外侧CoP位移。13 名健康的年轻成年人从力平台上完成了起步试验(n = 40),同时对他们的全身运动进行了追踪。参与者会看到指向左侧或右侧的箭头,分别表示用左肢或右肢迈步。这些箭头出现在所需迈步方向的同一侧(一致)或相反一侧(不一致)。结果显示,与视觉线索背景一致的试验相比,不一致的试验导致内外侧APA错误发生率明显更高,APA过程中内外侧CoP偏差也更大。在时间结果上没有观察到任何影响,这表明尽管存在这些运动控制错误,青壮年仍能在时间上保持步法的执行。这项研究表明,视觉信息的空间背景会显著影响步法启动过程中反应选择过程的成功与否,从而进一步加深了我们对人类如何整合视觉信息以启动全身运动的了解。
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引用次数: 0
Joint kinematics and SPM analysis of gait in children with and without Down syndrome 唐氏综合征儿童和非唐氏综合征儿童的关节运动学和步态 SPM 分析
IF 2.1 3区 心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103213
Matthew Beerse , Kaylee Larsen , Tasnuva Alam , Amy Talboy , Jianhua Wu

Background

Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) walk with altered gait patterns compared to their typically developing (TD) peers. While walking at faster speeds and with external ankle load, preadolescents with DS demonstrate spatiotemporal and kinetic improvements. However, evidence of joint kinematic adjustments is unknown, which is imperative for targeted rehabilitation design.

Research question

How does increasing walking speed and adding ankle load affect the joint kinematics of children with and without DS during overground walking?

Methods

In this cross-sectional observational study, thirteen children with DS aged 7–11 years and thirteen age- and sex-matched TD children completed overground walking trials. There were two speed conditions: normal speed and fast speed (as fast as possible without running). There were two load conditions: no load and ankle load (2% of body mass added bilaterally above the ankle). A motion capture system was used to register the ankle, knee, and hip joint angles in the sagittal plane. Peak flexion/extension angles, range of motion, and timing of peak angles were identified. In addition, statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was conducted to evaluate the trajectory of the ankle, knee, and hip joint angles across the entire gait cycle.

Results and significance

SPM analysis revealed the DS group walked with greater ankle, knee, and hip flexion compared to the TD group for most of the gait cycle, regardless of condition. Further, increasing walking speed led to improved ankle joint kinematics in both groups by shifting peak plantarflexion closer to toe-off. However, knee extension during stance was challenged in the DS group. Adding ankle load improved hip and knee kinematics in both groups but reduced peak plantarflexion around toe-off. The kinematic adjustments in the DS group suggest specific motor strategies to accommodate their neuromuscular deficits, which can provide a foundation to design targeted gait-based interventions for children with DS.

背景唐氏综合症(DS)患者与发育正常(TD)的同龄人相比,步态发生了改变。当以较快的速度行走并承受踝关节外部负荷时,患有唐氏综合症的青少年在时空和运动方面都有所改善。研究问题在地面行走过程中,提高行走速度和增加踝关节负荷对患有和不患有 DS 的儿童的关节运动学有何影响?方法在这项横断面观察性研究中,13 名 7-11 岁患有 DS 的儿童和 13 名年龄和性别匹配的 TD 儿童完成了地面行走试验。试验分为两种速度条件:正常速度和快速速度(尽可能快而不奔跑)。有两种负载条件:无负载和踝关节负载(在踝关节上方双侧增加体重的 2%)。运动捕捉系统用于记录矢状面上的踝关节、膝关节和髋关节角度。确定了屈伸角度峰值、运动范围和角度峰值出现的时间。此外,还进行了统计参数绘图(SPM),以评估踝关节、膝关节和髋关节角度在整个步态周期中的轨迹。结果和意义SPM分析表明,与TD组相比,DS组在大部分步态周期中的踝关节、膝关节和髋关节屈曲度更大,与条件无关。此外,步行速度的增加使两组的踝关节运动学都得到了改善,跖屈峰值更接近脚尖。然而,在 DS 组中,站立时的膝关节伸展受到了挑战。增加踝关节负荷改善了两组的髋关节和膝关节运动学特性,但降低了脚尖起点附近的跖屈峰值。DS组的运动学调整表明,他们有特定的运动策略来适应其神经肌肉缺陷,这为针对DS儿童设计有针对性的步态干预奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of inherent and incidental constraints on bimanual force control in simulated Martian gravity 在模拟火星重力条件下双臂力量控制的内在和附带限制因素的影响
IF 2.1 3区 心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103199
Yiyu Wang , Osmar P. Neto , Madison Weinrich , Renee Abbott , Ana Diaz-Artiles , Deanna M. Kennedy

The ability to coordinate actions between the limbs is important for many operationally relevant tasks associated with space exploration. A future milestone in space exploration is sending humans to Mars. Therefore, an experiment was designed to examine the influence of inherent and incidental constraints on the stability characteristics associated with the bimanual control of force in simulated Martian gravity. A head-up tilt (HUT)/head-down tilt (HDT) paradigm was used to simulate gravity on Mars (22.3° HUT). Right limb dominant participants (N = 11) were required to rhythmically coordinate patterns of isometric forces in 1:1 in-phase and 1:2 multifrequency patterns by exerting force with their right and left limbs. Lissajous displays were provided to guide task performance. Participants performed 14 twenty-second practice trials at 90° HUT (Earth). Following a 30-min rest period, participants performed 2 test trials for each coordination pattern in both Earth and Mars conditions. Performance during the test trials were compared. Results indicated very effective temporal performance of the goal coordination tasks in both gravity conditions. However, results indicated differences associated with the production of force between Earth and Mars. In general, participants produced less force in simulated Martian gravity than in the Earth condition. In addition, force production was more harmonic in Martian gravity than Earth gravity for both limbs, indicating that less force distortions (adjustments, hesitations, and/or perturbations) occurred in the Mars condition than in the Earth condition. The force coherence analysis indicated significantly higher coherence in the 1:1 task than in the 1:2 task for all force frequency bands, with the highest level of coherence in the 1–4 Hz frequency band for both gravity conditions. High coherence in the 1–4 Hz frequency band is associated with a common neural drive that activates the two arms simultaneously and is consistent with the requirements of the two tasks. The results also support the notion that neural crosstalk stabilizes the performance of the 1:1 in-phase task. In addition, significantly higher coherence in the 8–12 Hz frequency bands were observed for the Earth condition than the Mars condition. Force coherence in the 8–12 Hz bands is associated with the processing of sensorimotor information, suggesting that participants were better at integrating visual, proprioceptive, and/or tactile feedback in Earth than for the Mars condition. Overall, the results indicate less neural interference in Martian gravity; however, participants appear to be more effective at using the Lissajous displays to guide performance under Earth's gravity.

协调肢体之间行动的能力对于许多与太空探索相关的操作任务非常重要。未来太空探索的一个里程碑是将人类送上火星。因此,我们设计了一项实验,以研究在模拟火星重力下双臂控制力的稳定性特征受到固有和偶然限制的影响。实验采用抬头倾斜(HUT)/低头倾斜(HDT)范式模拟火星重力(22.3° HUT)。右侧肢体占优势的参与者(11 人)需要通过左右肢体施力,以 1:1 同相和 1:2 多频模式有节奏地协调等长力模式。同时提供利萨如斯(Lissajous)显示以指导任务执行。参与者在 90° HUT(地球)位置进行了 14 次为期 20 秒的练习。休息 30 分钟后,参与者在地球和火星两种条件下对每种协调模式进行 2 次测试试验。对测试期间的表现进行了比较。结果表明,在两种重力条件下,目标协调任务的时间表现都非常有效。然而,结果表明,地球和火星在产生力方面存在差异。一般来说,参与者在模拟火星重力条件下产生的力小于地球条件下产生的力。此外,火星引力比地球引力下双肢产生的力更和谐,这表明火星条件下的力失真(调整、犹豫和/或扰动)比地球条件下少。力的连贯性分析表明,在 1:1 任务中,所有力频段的连贯性都明显高于 1:2 任务,在两种重力条件下,1-4 赫兹频段的连贯性最高。1-4赫兹频段的高一致性与同时激活两臂的共同神经驱动有关,也符合两项任务的要求。这些结果也支持神经串扰能稳定 1:1 同相任务表现的观点。此外,在 8-12 Hz 频段观察到的一致性,地球状态明显高于火星状态。8-12 Hz 频段的力连贯性与感觉运动信息的处理有关,这表明与火星状态相比,地球状态下的参与者更善于整合视觉、本体感觉和/或触觉反馈。总体而言,结果表明火星引力对神经的干扰较小;然而,在地球引力条件下,参与者似乎能更有效地利用利萨如斯显示来指导运动表现。
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引用次数: 0
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Human Movement Science
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