Human Movement Science最新文献_第7页

Beyond unilateral motor impairments: Role of bilateral force control and strength asymmetry in gait coordination and falls post-stroke 超越单侧运动损伤：卒中后双侧力量控制和力量不对称在步态协调和跌倒中的作用

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103356

Prakruti Patel, Neha Lodha

Coordination between lower extremities is a fundamental aspect of walking, yet it has received limited attention in locomotor recovery post-stroke. We aimed to compare the impact of unilateral versus bilateral force impairments on gait coordination and examine the relationship between gait coordination and incidence of falls post-stroke. In adults with stroke (N = 22) and age-similar healthy controls (N = 22), we measured gait coordination with phase coordination index (PCI) during overground walking. We measured force control for ankle dorsiflexors in unilateral and bilateral conditions. Unilateral force impairments were quantified with force error during visuomotor tracking and maximum voluntary contraction force for each leg. Bilateral force impairments were measured with cross-correlation coefficient, time lag, and strength symmetry. We recorded the history of falls in the previous year for adults with stroke. Compared with controls, adults with stroke showed significantly increased PCI, decreased cross-correlation coefficient and increased time lag between bilateral forces. Force error of both paretic and non-paretic legs was increased in the stroke group. Strength symmetry and cross-correlation coefficient explained 59.5 % of the variance in PCI (p < 0.001). However, unilateral force impairments were not associated with PCI. Adults with stroke reported a previous fall incidence rate of 59.09 %. Stroke survivors with a history of fall showed significantly higher PCI relative to stroke survivors without a history of fall (p < 0.01). We found a significant relationship between falls and PCI (p < 0.05) such that poor gait coordination was related to past incidence of falls in stroke survivors. The current study provides novel insights that impairments in bilateral, but not unilateral force control influences coordination during overground walking post-stroke. Specifically, impaired timing between bilateral ankle forces and strength asymmetry negatively impacts gait coordination post-stroke. Impaired gait coordination elevates the risk for falling post-stroke, thereby compromising safe mobility in individuals with stroke.

下肢之间的协调是行走的一个基本方面，但它在中风后运动恢复中受到的关注有限。我们的目的是比较单侧和双侧力量损伤对步态协调的影响，并研究步态协调与卒中后跌倒发生率之间的关系。在中风成人（N = 22）和年龄相似的健康对照（N = 22）中，我们用相协调指数（PCI）测量了地上行走时的步态协调性。我们测量了单侧和双侧踝关节背屈肌的力量控制。通过视觉运动追踪时的力误差和每条腿的最大自主收缩力来量化单侧力损伤。通过相互相关系数、时间滞后和强度对称性测量双侧力损伤。我们记录了前一年中风患者跌倒的历史。与对照组相比，成年脑卒中患者PCI明显增加，相互关联系数降低，双侧力之间的滞后时间增加。卒中组瘸腿和非瘸腿的力误差均增加。强度对称性和相互相关系数解释了59.5%的PCI方差(p <；0.001)。然而，单侧力量损伤与PCI无关。据报道，中风患者以前的跌倒发生率为59.09%。有跌倒史的脑卒中幸存者的PCI明显高于无跌倒史的脑卒中幸存者(p <；0.01)。我们发现跌倒与PCI有显著关系(p <；0.05)，因此步态协调性差与中风幸存者过去跌倒的发生率有关。目前的研究提供了新的见解，即双侧而非单侧力量控制的损伤会影响中风后地上行走的协调。具体来说，双侧踝关节力量和力量不对称之间的时间受损会对中风后的步态协调产生负面影响。步态协调受损会增加中风后跌倒的风险，从而影响中风患者的安全行动能力。

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引用次数: 0

Task difficulty promotes tactical learning but supresses the positive learning effects of autonomy and cognitive effort 任务困难促进了策略学习，但抑制了自主性和认知努力的积极学习效果

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103354

Dave Bright , Jenny Smith , Philip Kearney , Oliver Runswick

Learning conditions that provide task-relevant autonomy, and those that encourage cognitive effort through manipulations of difficulty, have been reported to enhance skill development. However, research is yet to directly compare these two manipulations to establish their relative contribution to enhancing motor learning. This study used an on-screen target interception task to compare an autonomous group (self-selection of racquet size), a Challenge Point group (performance-contingent racquet size), a yoked group, and a fixed racquet size control group. Task accuracy and self-report measures of intrinsic motivation and cognitive effort were recorded at multiple time points across acquisition and at immediate, 24-h, seven-day, and 30-day retention and transfer tests. Results showed that task accuracy improved over acquisition, and remained robust across all retention tests, but no between group differences were seen. Intrinsic motivation levels decreased over acquisition, but with no between group differences observed. Participants (83, mean age 40(±12) years, 50 % male) within all groups reported consistently high cognitive effort scores, and made tactical learning choices, suggesting that high task difficulty may have suppressed the more subtle effects of autonomy and performance contingent practice. Conclusions are made regarding the variability of individual approaches to a novel task and the need to build experiments that can detect these idiosyncrasies.

据报道，提供任务相关自主权的学习条件，以及那些通过操纵困难来鼓励认知努力的学习条件，可以提高技能发展。然而，研究尚未直接比较这两种操作，以确定它们对增强运动学习的相对贡献。本研究采用屏幕目标拦截任务来比较自主组（自我选择球拍尺寸）、挑战点组（根据成绩决定球拍尺寸）、负重组和固定球拍尺寸对照组。在习得、即时、24小时、7天和30天保留和转移测试的多个时间点记录任务准确性和内在动机和认知努力的自我报告测量。结果表明，任务准确性在习得过程中有所提高，并在所有记忆测试中保持稳健，但组间没有差异。内在动机水平在习得过程中有所下降，但组间无差异。所有组的参与者（83人，平均年龄40（±12）岁，50%为男性）都报告了一致的高认知努力得分，并做出了战术学习选择，这表明高任务难度可能抑制了自主性和绩效偶然练习的更微妙的影响。结论是关于个体方法的可变性，以一个新的任务和需要建立实验，可以检测这些特质。

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引用次数: 0

Gender stereotype threat and motor learning: Exploring its impact, underlying mechanisms, and attentional focus pathways for mitigation 性别刻板印象威胁与运动学习：探讨其影响、潜在机制和缓解的注意焦点途径

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103357

Seyyed Mohammadreza Mousavi , Hamid Salehi , Takehiro Iwatsuki

While some studies suggest stereotype threat negatively affects motor performance and learning, further research is needed to better understand its effects and underlying mechanisms, which could lead to strategies for mitigating its impact. In experiment 1, we 1) investigated the effects of gender stereotype threat on learning of an aiming task among adolescent girls, 2) evaluated conscious processes and motivational processes to explore the variables that act as mediators in the context of stereotype threats on performance, and 3) conducted in-depth interviews to explore the participants' experiences, understandings, and opinions related to gender stereotype. Moving one step further, with respect to our findings in Exp 1, we tested whether attentional focus strategies could mitigate the negative effects of stereotype threat on the motor learning of adolescent girls (Exp 2). Our results revealed that implementing an external focus of attention can mitigate the detrimental effects of stereotype threat on motor performance and learning in adolescent girls. These findings hold significant implications for the acquisition of motor skills among adolescents, especially in stereotype-threat conditions. Coaches and teachers, particularly in activities such as throwing, can encourage adolescents to adopt an external focus of attention.

虽然一些研究表明刻板印象威胁对运动表现和学习产生负面影响，但需要进一步的研究来更好地了解其影响和潜在机制，从而找到减轻其影响的策略。实验1考察了性别刻板印象威胁对青春期女孩目标任务学习的影响，评价了刻板印象威胁背景下的意识过程和动机过程，探讨了刻板印象威胁背景下对目标任务学习的中介变量，并通过深度访谈探讨了被试对性别刻板印象的体验、理解和看法。在实验1的基础上，我们进一步验证了注意焦点策略是否可以减轻刻板印象威胁对青春期女孩运动学习的负面影响（实验2）。结果表明，实施外部注意焦点可以减轻刻板印象威胁对青春期女孩运动表现和学习的不利影响。这些发现对青少年运动技能的习得具有重要意义，特别是在刻板印象威胁条件下。教练和教师，特别是在投掷等活动中，可以鼓励青少年采用外部注意力焦点。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of posterior parietal cortex anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on ankle tracking visuomotor control in healthy young adults 后顶叶阳极经颅直流电刺激对健康青年踝关节追踪视觉运动控制的影响

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103351

I-Fei Cho , Chi-Chao Chao , Ta-Te Lin , Yuan Yang , Pei-Fang Tang

Ankle motor control is crucial for balance maintenance and fall prevention. Neurocomputational models of motor control suggest that the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) plays a critical role in estimating body and environmental states, a process fundamental to motor control. Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (atDCS) has been shown to modulate cortical excitability and alter behaviors accordingly. This study explored the impact of atDCS over the PPC on ankle tracking visuomotor control using a motor adaptation research paradigm in healthy young adults. Thirty-eight participants were randomly assigned to either an atDCS or sham control group. All participants completed an ankle tracking experiment divided into three phases: pre-adaptation, adaptation, and re-adaptation, with each phase comprising eight blocks of five trials. During the experiment, each participant wore a sensor on the non-dominant foot and performed continuous dorsiflexion and plantarflexion movements to track a target cursor on a screen. Visual feedback of the foot position was provided, with a 1:1 feedback ratio in the pre- and re-adaptation phases and a 2.5:1 ratio in the adaptation phase to promote visual-motor remapping. The atDCS group received 20 min of 2 mA atDCS over the PPC during the adaptation phase. Tracking performance on each trial was measured as the root mean squared error (RMSE) between the target and actual movement trajectories. Both groups showed similar RMSEs in the pre-adaptation phase (p > 0.05). However, in the adaptation phase, the atDCS group demonstrated a significant reduction from block 1 to block 2 (p = 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.86) and maintained this improved performance in the following blocks, while the sham group showed no significant changes throughout this phase (p > 0.05). In the re-adaptation phase, both groups quickly returned to their pre-adaptation performance levels. These findings indicate that neither the atDCS nor the sham group adapted to the high visual feedback ratio. However, the early reduction in RMSE observed in the atDCS group suggests that atDCS over the PPC may transiently enhance ankle tracking visuomotor control under the heightened visual feedback ratio condition, resulting in short-term improvements. Future research is warranted to explore whether multiple atDCS sessions over the PPC could provide long-term benefits for lower extremity visuomotor control.

踝关节运动控制对保持平衡和防止跌倒至关重要。运动控制的神经计算模型表明，后顶叶皮层（PPC）在估计身体和环境状态方面起着关键作用，这是运动控制的基础过程。阳极经颅直流电刺激（atDCS）已被证明可以调节皮质兴奋性并相应地改变行为。本研究采用运动适应研究范式，探讨了atDCS与PPC对健康年轻人踝关节跟踪视觉运动控制的影响。38名参与者被随机分配到atDCS组或假对照组。所有参与者都完成了脚踝跟踪实验，实验分为三个阶段：预适应、适应和再适应，每个阶段包括8个区块，共5个试验。在实验过程中，每个参与者在非优势足上佩戴传感器，并进行连续的背屈和跖屈运动，以跟踪屏幕上的目标光标。提供足部位置的视觉反馈，预适应和再适应阶段的反馈比例为1:1，适应阶段的反馈比例为2.5:1，以促进视觉-运动重映射。在适应阶段，atDCS组在PPC上接受20分钟的2 mA atDCS。每次试验的跟踪性能以目标与实际运动轨迹之间的均方根误差（RMSE）来衡量。两组在预适应阶段rmse相似(p >；0.05)。然而，在适应阶段，atDCS组表现出从第1块到第2块的显著降低（p = 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.86），并在接下来的块中保持这种改善的表现，而假手术组在整个阶段没有显着变化(p >；0.05)。在再适应阶段，两组都迅速恢复到适应前的表现水平。这些发现表明，atDCS组和假手术组都不适应高视觉反馈比。然而，在atDCS组中观察到的RMSE的早期降低表明，在视觉反馈比升高的情况下，atDCS优于PPC可能会短暂地增强踝关节跟踪视觉运动控制，从而导致短期改善。未来的研究需要探索在PPC上进行多次atDCS会话是否可以为下肢视觉运动控制提供长期益处。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of robot-assisted gait training on trunk symmetry improvement in patients with chronic hemiplegia: A randomized, single-blind clinical trial 机器人辅助步态训练对慢性偏瘫患者躯干对称性改善的影响：一项随机、单盲临床试验

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103339

Young Hyoun Rha , Jun Bum Shin , Jee Hwan Choi , Sang Min Im , Im Kyoung Shin

Background

Stroke-induced gait impairments often result in asymmetrical trunk alignment, affecting mobility and quality of life of patients. This randomized, single-blind clinical trial investigated the efficacy of robot-assisted gait training in addressing this issue and explored its impact on lower limb functions.

Methods

Fifty patients with chronic stroke were included in this study, with one group receiving traditional rehabilitation therapy and the other receiving additional robot-assisted gait training session. Participants in the robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) group underwent 30-min session, thrice per week for 4 weeks, totaling 12 sessions, in addition to traditional rehabilitation therapy. All participants underwent preintervention assessments, with reassessments at 2 and 4 weeks after the intervention. We assessed trunk symmetry and gait parameters, including step time, step length, separation line, and foot force, along with knee joint extensor muscle strength and stiffness.

Findings

Significant improvements in trunk symmetry were observed in the RAGT group (F(2,46) = 35.52, p < 0.001, η² = 0.607). Changes in step length asymmetry were significant for both groups (p < 0.000 each) without intergroup differences, whereas paralyzed knee extensor strength showed greater improvement in the RAGT group (p < 0.001).

Interpretation

The study findings revealed significant improvements in trunk symmetry and muscle strength among patients receiving RAGT. These results underscore the promising role of RAGT in stroke rehabilitation. Thus, proper gait patterns may contribute to maintaining a healthy posture.

中风引起的步态障碍常导致躯干排列不对称，影响患者的活动能力和生活质量。这项随机、单盲临床试验研究了机器人辅助步态训练在解决这一问题方面的效果，并探讨了其对下肢功能的影响。方法50例慢性脑卒中患者，一组接受传统康复治疗，另一组接受机器人辅助步态训练。机器人辅助步态训练（RAGT）组的参与者在传统康复治疗的基础上进行30分钟的训练，每周三次，共12次，持续4周。所有参与者都进行了干预前评估，并在干预后2周和4周进行了重新评估。我们评估了躯干对称性和步态参数，包括步长、步长、分离线和足力，以及膝关节伸肌力量和刚度。结果：RAGT组躯干对称性显著改善(F(2,46) = 35.52, p <；0.001, η2 = 0.607)。两组患者步长不对称性变化均显著(p <；0.000每个)没有组间差异，而瘫痪膝伸肌力量在RAGT组有更大的改善(p <；0.001)。研究结果显示，接受RAGT治疗的患者躯干对称性和肌肉力量有显著改善。这些结果强调了RAGT在脑卒中康复中的重要作用。因此，适当的步态模式可能有助于保持健康的姿势。

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引用次数: 0

Association between fine motor function and fundamental cooking skills in preschool-aged children 学龄前儿童精细运动功能与基本烹饪技能的关系

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103340

Rachael Harmon, Matthew Beerse, Diana Cuy Castellanos

Background

Early exposure to performing cooking skills at a young age might have the dual capability to improve nutrition behavior and fine motor function. While some evidence has demonstrated the positive benefits for nutrition behavior, there is a paucity of evidence relating cooking skills to fine motor function.

Research question

Is better cooking skills (CS) performance associated with better fine motor skills (FMS) in preschool-aged children and what are the shoulder and elbow joint control strategies employed during cooking skill performance?

Methods

We conducted an observational, cross-sectional study of preschool-aged children. Thirty-eight participants aged 3–5 years (17 males, 20 females; mean age = 3.89 years, sd = 0.7 years) were recruited through non-randomized, convenience sampling. Participants completed the Nine Hole Peg Test (NHPT) and Circle Drawing Test to assess fine motor skills, and four CS: stirring, mashing, spooning, and spreading. A piloted criterion-based test was implemented to score both the outcome and movement performance of each CS. Total CS ability was calculated as the summed total of each CS composite score. An inertial measurement unit motion capture system registered elbow and shoulder joint kinematics during the performance of the cooking skills.

Results and significance

Correlation analyses indicated that better NHPT performance was associated with higher total CS score, mashing performance, and spreading performance. In general, children that demonstrated better fine motor function via the NHPT maintained a more anatomically neutral shoulder joint position and faster average joint velocities during the performance of CS. Independent t-tests indicated that there were no sex differences between male and female children on the CS nor FMS performance. Our results demonstrated preliminary evidence suggesting an association between cooking skills performance and fine motor function, as well as initial characterization of cooking skill movement patterns associated with more adept fine motor control.

背景从小接触烹饪技巧可能具有改善营养行为和精细运动功能的双重能力。虽然有一些证据表明烹饪对营养行为有积极的好处，但很少有证据表明烹饪技能与精细运动功能有关。研究问题：学龄前儿童更好的烹饪技能（CS）表现是否与更好的精细运动技能（FMS）相关？烹饪技能表现中采用的肩关节和肘关节控制策略是什么？方法对学龄前儿童进行观察性横断面研究。参与者38人，年龄3-5岁(男17人，女20人；平均年龄= 3.89岁（sd = 0.7岁），采用非随机、方便抽样方法招募。参与者完成了九孔钉测试（NHPT）和画圈测试，以评估精细运动技能，以及四个CS：搅拌，捣碎，舀和摊开。采用一种基于标准的试验来对每个CS的结果和运动表现进行评分。总CS能力计算为各CS综合得分的总和。惯性测量单元运动捕捉系统记录了烹饪技能表演期间肘关节和肩关节的运动学。结果与显著性相关分析表明，较好的NHPT成绩与较高的CS总分、捣碎成绩和传播成绩相关。一般来说，通过NHPT表现出更好的精细运动功能的儿童在进行CS时保持了更解剖中性的肩关节位置和更快的平均关节速度。独立t检验表明，男女儿童在CS和FMS成绩上没有性别差异。我们的研究结果证明了初步证据，表明烹饪技能表现与精细运动功能之间存在关联，以及烹饪技能运动模式与更熟练的精细运动控制相关的初步表征。

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引用次数: 0

Mutual avoidance behaviours of two pedestrians passing through an aperture 两名行人通过缝隙时的相互回避行为

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103352

T.A. Holloway, M.E. Cinelli

Humans use visual information to safely guide locomotion to avoid collisions with objects or other people within cluttered environments. The purpose of the current study was to examine head-on mutual avoidance behaviours of two young adults when approaching an aperture from opposite sides. It was hypothesized that when two young adults are on a collision course, both pedestrians would accurately perceive the difference in arrival time between one another to predict and maintain passing order through an aperture. Nineteen young adults (

\bar{x} = 21.35 \pm 0.49

years, 9 males and 10 females) participated in the study and interacted with a female research assistant (RA) (22 years, 157.5 cm). Starting at one of two locations on opposite sides of a 10 m pathway, the participant and the RA were instructed to approach one another, and mutually decide who would pass first through an aperture located halfway (5 m) along the path. Kinematic trunk data was collected from both the participant and the RA using the Optotrak motion analysis system. The results revealed that the walkers were able to accurately perceive and maintain the predicted order of crossing (i.e., predicted order matched their observed crossing order) on 90.9 % of the trials. This finding indicate that individuals are in-tune to the visual information necessary in determining and maintaining crossing order, such that the walker passing second (P2) slowed down and deviated from the path to allow the other walker (P1) to pass through the doorway first. Additionally, it was revealed that individuals distribute their gaze fixations equally between the aperture and the approaching person prior to crossing the aperture. The results suggest that when two young adults are approaching a doorway from opposite sides, they may rely on the coupling of two optical expansion rates, or tau-coupling, to determine crossing order as indicated by the low number of inversions. While gaze behaviours are coupled with locomotion to maintaining path trajectory and determining crossing order.

在混乱的环境中，人类使用视觉信息来安全地引导运动，以避免与物体或其他人发生碰撞。当前研究的目的是检查两个年轻人在从相反的方向接近一个孔时正面相互回避的行为。假设当两个年轻人处于碰撞过程时，两个行人都能准确地感知到彼此到达时间的差异，从而预测和维持通过缝隙的通行秩序。19名年轻成人（x¯=21.35±0.49岁，男9名，女10名）参与了研究，并与一名女性研究助理（RA）（22岁，157.5 cm）进行了互动。从10米路径两侧的两个位置中的一个开始，参与者和RA被指示彼此接近，并相互决定谁将首先通过位于路径中间（5米）的孔。使用Optotrak运动分析系统收集参与者和RA的运动学主干数据。结果显示，在90.9%的试验中，步行者能够准确地感知并保持预测的穿越顺序（即预测顺序与他们观察到的穿越顺序相匹配）。这一发现表明，个体对决定和维持穿越顺序所必需的视觉信息是一致的，例如，经过第二步行者（P2）的步行者会放慢速度并偏离路径，让另一个步行者（P1）先通过门口。此外，研究还发现，在穿过光圈之前，个体在光圈和接近的人之间平均分配了他们的注视。结果表明，当两个年轻的成年人从相对的两侧接近门口时，他们可能依赖于两个光学膨胀率的耦合，或tau耦合，以确定交叉顺序，这表明反转的数量较少。而注视行为则与运动相结合，以维持路径轨迹和确定交叉顺序。

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引用次数: 0

Accuracy and stability in non-immersive VR: How display type and body position influence motor performance 非沉浸式VR的准确性和稳定性：显示类型和身体位置如何影响运动性能

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103360

Madison Weinrich , Osmar P. Neto , Yiyu Wang , Renee Abbott , Michael Walsh , Ana Diaz-Artiles , Deanna M. Kennedy

The application of virtual and augmented reality spans various domains, including education, entertainment, healthcare, the military, sports, telecommunications, and space exploration. These technological advancements have profoundly transformed how millions of people interact with and navigate their environments. However, the impact of display type and body position on motor performance remains underexplored. This study aims to elucidate how these environmental constraints affect bimanual coordination by comparing performance under two display conditions: virtual reality (VR) goggles and projected screen. Participants (N = 12), all right-limb dominant, performed a continuous 1:1 bimanual force coordination task with a 90° relative phase offset using Lissajous plots as visual feedback. Performance was assessed in two body positions (upright and recumbent) manipulated by a tilt table. The results revealed that using VR goggles minimized performance differences between the upright and recumbent positions, suggesting that using VR goggles stabilizes motor coordination by reducing perceptual distractions and mitigating environmental constraints. In contrast, the projection screen condition demonstrated higher force coherence in the 8–12 Hz band during the recumbent condition compared to the upright position, indicative of force synchronization differences related to body position. However, the projected screen group displayed lower absolute error during the recumbent positions. This suggests that while VR goggles support consistent motor output across varied postures by simplifying perceptual input, projection screens may enhance motor synchronization and attention under controlled conditions due to more straightforward visual processing. These findings highlight a trade-off between display types: VR offers stability and adaptability, making it advantageous for tasks that require consistent performance across changing postures, whereas projection screens may be better suited for tasks requiring precise motor control and heightened attentional focus. The study underscores the need for task-specific considerations in the design and use of display environments for training, rehabilitation, and motor coordination tasks.

虚拟现实和增强现实的应用横跨各个领域，包括教育、娱乐、医疗、军事、体育、电信和太空探索。这些技术进步深刻地改变了数百万人与环境互动和导航的方式。然而，显示类型和身体位置对运动性能的影响仍未得到充分探讨。本研究旨在通过比较虚拟现实（VR）护目镜和投影屏幕两种显示条件下的表现，阐明这些环境约束如何影响双手协调。参与者（N = 12），均为右肢优势，使用Lissajous图作为视觉反馈，在相对相位偏移90°的情况下进行连续1:1的双手力协调任务。在两个身体位置（直立和平躺）由倾斜桌操纵的性能进行评估。结果显示，使用VR护目镜可以最大限度地减少直立和平卧姿势之间的表现差异，这表明使用VR护目镜可以通过减少感知干扰和减轻环境约束来稳定运动协调。相比之下，投影屏幕条件下，平躺状态下8-12 Hz频段的力相干性高于直立状态，表明力同步差异与身体位置有关。然而，投影屏幕组在平卧位置时显示出较低的绝对误差。这表明，虽然VR护目镜通过简化感知输入来支持不同姿势的一致运动输出，但投影屏幕可以通过更直接的视觉处理来增强受控条件下的运动同步和注意力。这些发现强调了显示类型之间的权衡：VR提供稳定性和适应性，使其有利于需要在不同姿势下保持一致表现的任务，而投影屏幕可能更适合需要精确运动控制和高度注意力集中的任务。该研究强调了在设计和使用训练、康复和运动协调任务的显示环境时需要考虑具体任务。

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引用次数: 0

Optic flow and cycling effort: Where to look to go faster 光流和循环努力：哪里看得更快

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103353

Sem Otten , Ruud J.R. Den Hartigh , Frank T.J.M. Zaal , Benoît G. Bardy , Christophe Gernigon

Optic flow can significantly influence the perception and exertion of effort. In this study, we investigated the effects of exposure to proximal and distal areas of the optic flow field on exerted and perceived cycling effort. Thirty cyclists participated in two 20-min cycling trials within a virtual reality environment, with the goal of surpassing the power output achieved during a baseline trial. During these trials, they viewed the environment through a proximal or distal window, in counterbalanced order. We measured the cyclists' exerted effort on a bicycle trainer, and recorded their responses regarding perceived effort and psychological momentum experience. A one-way repeated measures ANCOVA with average baseline power as a covariate revealed a significant difference in exerted effort between the proximal and distal condition, with higher average exerted effort in the proximal condition. However, a significant interaction effect between condition and baseline power indicated that the beneficial effect of the proximal condition was mainly present for lower-level cyclists. We observed no significant differences in perceived effort or psychological momentum. These findings provide novel insights into the relation between optic flow and cycling effort, and call for new research on the mechanisms underlying this relation.

光流可以显著影响努力的感知和发挥。在这项研究中，我们研究了暴露于光流场的近端和远端区域对施加和感知的循环努力的影响。30名骑行者在虚拟现实环境中参加了两次20分钟的骑行试验，目标是超过基线试验期间实现的功率输出。在这些试验中，他们以平衡的顺序通过近端或远端窗口观察环境。我们测量了骑自行车者在自行车训练器上施加的努力，并记录了他们对感知努力和心理动力体验的反应。以平均基线功率为协变量的单向重复测量ANCOVA显示，近端和远端条件下的用力有显著差异，近端条件下的平均用力更高。然而，条件与基线功率之间存在显著的交互作用，表明近端条件的有利作用主要存在于水平较低的自行车运动员身上。我们观察到在感知努力和心理动力方面没有显著差异。这些发现为光流与循环努力之间的关系提供了新的见解，并呼吁对这种关系的机制进行新的研究。

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引用次数: 0

Interpersonal coordination in a ball-and-beam paradigm: Transfer of skill from solo action to joint action 球梁模式下的人际协调：从单独行动到联合行动的技能转移

IF 1.6 3区心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES

Human Movement Science

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2025.103365

Marijn S.J. Hafkamp, Remy Casanova, Reinoud J. Bootsma

Interpersonal coordination is paramount to the success of a joint action. While the pattern formation process of interpersonal coordination is relatively well understood, models like HKB lack an ecological dimension that relates the motor pattern to the environment. We investigated this dimension in a two-step study using the ball-and-beam paradigm. Participants rolled a ball back-and-forth between two targets on a beam, by manipulating the beam inclination either individually or dyadically. In an (earlier reported) first step, 16 participants performed two solo action sessions of the task, allowing us to identify pertinent performance characteristics. Here, those participants were paired into 8 dyads to perform a joint action session, allowing us to assess the solo-to-joint transfer of those characteristics. Over blocks, dyads improved their performance by increasing the ball speed and accuracy. While the relative variability of the beam's inclination angle decreased, the range and the timing of the beam motion remained unchanged. Variables (indirectly) related to ball speed, such as the range and timing of the beam motion, were strongly propagated from solo to joint action, while the variables related to ball accuracy, like the beam variability, were only moderately transferred. Most dyads established an anti-phase mode of coordination, with a significant decrease in phase variability over blocks. We also observed significant asymmetries in the coordination. Dyad members with a better solo-action performance were more likely to lead the interaction. We concluded that interpersonal coordination in the ball-and-beam paradigm emerged from the interaction, while being constrained by the goal of the task.

人际间的协调对联合行动的成功至关重要。虽然人际协调的模式形成过程相对较好理解，但像HKB这样的模型缺乏将运动模式与环境联系起来的生态维度。我们在使用球-梁范式的两步研究中调查了这个维度。参与者在光束上的两个目标之间来回滚动一个球，通过单独或双方向操纵光束的倾斜度。在（先前报道的）第一步中，16名参与者执行了任务的两个单独动作会话，使我们能够确定相关的性能特征。在这里，这些参与者被分成8对，进行联合动作练习，让我们评估这些特征从个体到关节的转移。在封盖过程中，二人组通过提高球的速度和准确性来提高他们的表现。虽然光束倾角的相对变异性减小，但光束运动的范围和时间不变。与球速度相关的变量（间接），如光束运动的范围和时间，被强烈地从单人动作传播到联合动作，而与球精度相关的变量，如光束可变性，只被适度地传递。大多数二偶体建立了一种反相位协调模式，在块上显著降低了相位变异性。我们还观察到明显的不对称的协调。单人行动表现较好的双人组成员更有可能领导互动。我们的结论是，在球梁范式中，人际协调产生于互动，同时受到任务目标的约束。

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引用次数: 0