Geotextiles and Geomembranes最新文献_第4页

Large-scale field experiment on vibration screening characteristics of continuous panel-based geofoam-infilled wave barrier 连续板型土工泡沫填波障隔振特性的大型现场试验

IF 6.2 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Geotextiles and Geomembranes

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2025.10.008

Adarsh Singh , Sreyashrao Surapreddi , Priyanka Ghosh

This study investigates the vibration screening efficiency of geofoam-infilled (GB) and open trench (OB) wave barriers. Field-scale vibration tests are conducted to evaluate the performance of different barriers under active and passive screening conditions. A modular panel-based system is adopted for the GB to facilitate easy installation, uninstallation, and reinstallation. The impact of input frequency, source-barrier distance, and measurement direction on the performance of GB and OB is thoroughly examined. The results indicate that both barriers perform satisfactorily under different screening conditions, with superior effectiveness observed under active screening. For active screening, the performance of barriers improves with decreasing source-barrier distance. The screening efficiency of GB and OB is higher along the centerline than along the angular line. The performance of OB and GB improves with increasing input frequency for both active and passive screening techniques, irrespective of the source-barrier distance. Additionally, simplified design expressions are developed to predict the performance of GB under active and passive screening conditions. The predicted outcomes of the proposed expressions compare well with the findings reported in the literature.

本文研究了土工泡沫填充（GB）和开槽（OB）两种挡波材料的隔振效果。通过现场振动试验，评价了不同屏障在主动和被动筛分条件下的性能。GB采用模块化面板系统，便于安装、卸载和重新安装。深入研究了输入频率、源垒距离和测量方向对GB和OB性能的影响。结果表明，两种屏障在不同的筛选条件下均表现良好，其中主动筛选效果更佳。对于主动屏蔽，屏障的性能随着源-屏障距离的减小而提高。GB和OB沿中心线的筛分效率高于沿角线的筛分效率。在主动式和被动式筛选技术中，无论源障距离如何，OB和GB的性能都随着输入频率的增加而提高。此外，还开发了简化的设计表达式来预测GB在主动和被动筛选条件下的性能。所提出的表达的预测结果与文献报道的结果相比较。

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引用次数: 0

Pore size of woven slit-film geotextiles subjected to unequal biaxial tensile strains obtained from wet sieving tests 湿法筛分试验得出的受不等双轴拉伸应变作用的编织缝膜土工布的孔径

IF 6.2 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Geotextiles and Geomembranes

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2025.10.001

Lin Tang , Kun Tu , Yi Cheng Hu , Wen Ming Shen , Yi Wang

The pore sizes of three woven silt-film geotextiles subjected to four groups of unequal biaxial tensile strains were examined via wet sieving tests. The strains in the weft direction of a geotextile for the four groups were the same (5 % and 10 %), with the weft strain to warp strain ratios set to 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The variations of pore size distribution (PSD), O₉₀ and O₅₀ were analyzed. And the change of the pore shape, the thickness of geotextiles and the percentage of blocked mass in the specimens were also investigated. It is shown that for the same strain ratio, the values of O₉₀ and O₅₀ increase with increasing strain, and the rate of change of O₉₀ in the 5 %–10 % weft strain range is larger than that in the 0 %–5 % range. The decrease of the thickness for geotextiles mainly occurs in the 0 %–5 % weft strain range, which may offset the enlargement of plane pores. The pores in a plane, the interstices in the thickness, and the variation of pore shape subjected to different strain ratios are found to impact the results of the wet sieving test.

通过湿法筛分试验，研究了三种编织粉砂膜土工布在四组不等双轴拉伸应变作用下的孔隙大小。四组土工布的纬向应变相同（5%和10%），纬向应变与经向应变之比分别为1,2,3,4。分析了孔隙尺寸分布（PSD）、O90和O50的变化规律。研究了土体孔隙形态、土工布厚度和土体堵塞率的变化规律。结果表明：在相同的应变比下，O90和O50随应变的增大而增大，且在5% ~ 10%的纬向应变范围内，O90的变化率大于0% ~ 5%的纬向应变范围内。土工布厚度的减小主要发生在0 ~ 5%纬向应变范围内，这可以抵消平面孔隙的扩大。发现平面上的孔隙、厚度上的间隙以及不同应变比下孔隙形状的变化都会影响湿法筛分试验的结果。

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引用次数: 0

EDITORIAL: Best papers published in Geotextiles and Geomembranes in 2024 社论：2024年发表在土工织物和土工膜上的最佳论文

IF 6.2 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Geotextiles and Geomembranes

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2025.10.009

Chungsik Yoo (Editor-in Chief)

引用次数: 0

Erosion control performance of natural geotextiles for slope stabilization 天然土工织物对边坡稳定的侵蚀控制性能

IF 6.2 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Geotextiles and Geomembranes

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2025.09.004

Lihua Li , Shuangdong Liu , Xin Gu , Gang Liu , Xin Zhang , Haowen Xiong

Two innovative geotextile-based slope stabilization and erosion control approaches were developed in this study, including vegetation-geotextile composites and geotextiles treated with alkali-activated binder (AAB). Experimental investigations were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of different slope protection measures in delaying runoff onset, lowering erosion rates, and improving slope stability under varied rainfall intensities and slope gradients. It was found that bare slopes deteriorated rapidly under high-intensity rainfall, progressing from splash to severe gully erosion. Vegetation-geotextile system (tall fescue with coconut fiber blankets) considerably delayed runoff, decreased erosion, and improved soil structure and water retention. By contrast, AAB-treated geotextiles displayed superior mechanical stability and erosion resistance due to densified fiber networks and optimized pore structures compared to untreated bare slope. Furthermore, AAB-treated geotextiles delivered the highest erosion resistance, while vegetation-geotextile composites provided significant ecological benefits in terms of soil temperature regulation and organic matter release. As a result, integration of AAB treatment with vegetation-geotextile systems can serve as a long-term slope stabilization solution that simultaneously addresses engineering requirements and environmental objectives under climate change scenarios.

本研究开发了两种创新的基于土工布的边坡稳定和侵蚀控制方法，包括植被-土工布复合材料和碱活性粘合剂（AAB）处理的土工布。在不同的降雨强度和坡度条件下，采用不同的护坡措施来延缓径流的发生、降低侵蚀速率和改善边坡稳定性。研究发现，在强降雨条件下，光秃秃的山坡迅速恶化，从飞溅到严重的沟蚀。植被-土工布系统（高羊茅与椰子纤维毯）大大延迟径流，减少侵蚀，改善土壤结构和保水能力。相比之下，与未经处理的裸坡相比，经aab处理的土工布由于致密的纤维网络和优化的孔隙结构而表现出更好的机械稳定性和抗侵蚀性。此外，aab处理的土工布具有最高的抗侵蚀能力，而植被-土工布复合材料在土壤温度调节和有机质释放方面具有显著的生态效益。因此，将AAB处理与植被土工布系统相结合，可以作为长期的边坡稳定解决方案，同时满足气候变化情景下的工程要求和环境目标。

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引用次数: 0

Seismic damage and energy distribution of pile-geogrid supported high-speed railway subgrade 桩-土工格栅支撑高速铁路路基的震害与能量分布

IF 6.2 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Geotextiles and Geomembranes

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2025.10.006

Changwei Yang , Xianqing Xu , Zhikun Wang , Shibo Zhu , Mao Yue , Jing Lian , Shiguang Zhou

This study investigates the seismic damage and energy distribution of pile-geogrid supported high-speed railway subgrades using shaking table tests and time-frequency analysis methods such as STFT, SPWVD, WPD, and EMD. We found that cracks begin to appear at the base of the foundation when PGA reaches 0.2 g and severe damage occurs after PGA exceeds 0.6 g. The geogrids enhance soil integrity and mitigate PGA amplification factors. They distribute shear stresses to surrounding soil or other geogrids. Low-frequency waves play a predominant role in seismic damage due to their longer propagation distances. Scattering leads to changes in energy distribution as seismic waves propagate through caustic surfaces. The energy attenuation characteristics of high-frequency signal components and the increased contribution of low-frequency components under high PGA conditions are observed. An increase in the difference in variance contribution rate (VCR) indicates inconsistencies in the vibration characteristics of the soil. The sudden changes in Intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) suggest that the energy of seismic waves is amplified and attenuated to varying degrees. These findings provide a more solid theoretical foundation and novel approaches for the seismic design and performance assessment of high-speed railway subgrades.

采用振动台试验和STFT、SPWVD、WPD、EMD等时频分析方法，对高速铁路桩基土工格栅路基的地震损伤及能量分布进行了研究。我们发现，当PGA达到0.2 g时，基础底部开始出现裂缝，当PGA超过0.6 g时，基础底部出现严重破坏。土工格栅提高了土壤完整性，减小了PGA放大因子。它们将剪应力分布到周围的土壤或其他土工格栅上。低频波由于其传播距离较远，在地震灾害中起主导作用。当地震波通过苛性表面传播时，散射导致能量分布的变化。在高PGA条件下，观察到高频信号分量的能量衰减特性和低频分量的贡献增加。方差贡献率差异（VCR）的增大表明土的振动特性不一致。内禀模态函数（IMFs）的突变表明地震波的能量有不同程度的放大和衰减。这些研究结果为高速铁路路基抗震设计和性能评价提供了更为坚实的理论基础和新方法。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of fiber and particle shape on the critical state line 纤维和颗粒形状对临界状态线的影响

IF 6.2 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Geotextiles and Geomembranes

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2025.10.004

Wei-Feng Jin, Wei-Dong Xu

This paper investigates the influence of particle shape, fiber length, and fiber content on the critical state line (CSL). By using artificial particles with three shapes (i.e., ball, cylinder, and triangular prism) and polypropylene fibers with three contents (0.2 %, 0.35 %, and 0.5 %) and three lengths (6 mm, 9 mm, and 12 mm), we analyze how CSL moves on the q vs. p plane and the e_c vs. (p/p_a)^α plane: (1) Addition of fibers results in an obvious increase in the critical stress ratio M on the q vs. p plane, and CSL shifts downward and rotates clockwise on the plane of e_c vs. (p/p_a)^α; (2) In the presence of fibers, further increasing the fiber length or content results in a slight increase of M; (3) As particle irregularity increases, M increases, λ overall increases, and Γ first increases and then decreases; (4) The increase of particle irregularity weakens the fiber-enhanced effect of M. Two forecast models, namely GRNN (Generalized Regression Neural Network) and multiple linear regression, are used to fit the test data. It is shown that multiple linear regression leads to a wrong trend of M vs. fiber content, while GRNN has very good fitting accuracy.

研究了颗粒形状、纤维长度和纤维含量对临界状态线（CSL）的影响。通过使用人造粒子和三个形状(例如,球、圆柱和三角棱镜)和聚丙烯纤维和三个内容(0.2%,0.35%,0.5%)和三个长度(6毫米,9毫米和12毫米),我们分析CSL q和p平面和ec与(p / pa)α平面:(1)添加纤维导致一个明显的增加在临界压力比M q和p平面,CSL向下转移和旋转顺时针的飞机ec与(p / pa)α;(2)在纤维存在的情况下，进一步增加纤维长度或含量，M值略有增加；(3)随着粒子不规则性的增大，M增大，λ整体增大，Γ先增大后减小；(4)粒子不规则性的增加削弱了m的纤维增强效果，采用广义回归神经网络（GRNN）和多元线性回归两种预测模型对试验数据进行拟合。结果表明，多元线性回归会导致M与纤维含量的趋势错误，而GRNN具有很好的拟合精度。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamic properties of sand reinforced with non-woven geotextile sheets using resonant column and bender elements tests 用共振柱和弯曲单元试验研究非织造土工布板加筋砂的动力特性

IF 6.2 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Geotextiles and Geomembranes

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2025.07.012

Sandyapogu Peddaiah, Jyant Kumar

This study examines an inclusion of non-woven polypropylene geotextiles sheets on dynamic properties of dry sand. Resonant column (RC), bender and extender elements (BE, EE) tests were conducted on sand reinforced with different numbers of geotextile sheets (

N_{g t s}

) under varying confining pressures. The inclusion of geotextile sheets significantly increases not only the shear modulus (

G

) but also the damping ratio (

D

) of the reinforced sand specimen. As compared to the data reported in literature, although geotextiles with lesser tensile strength were being employed in the current research, the percentage increases in the values of G were, however, found to be relatively greater. The inclusion of geotextile also leads to a reduction in the amplitude of the shear strain (

γ

). The values of shear and Young's moduli (

G_{0}, E_{0}

) determined respectively from BE and EE tests also confirm the improvement in moduli values for sand reinforced with geotextile sheets. The improvement in Young's modulus is found to be, however, relatively smaller. The effect of an inclusion of geotextile sheets on (i) percentage increase in

G_{0}

and percentage decrease in

γ_{\min}

increases continuously with an increase in

σ_{3}

, and (iii) percentage increase in

D_{\min}

, however, reduces with an increase in

σ_{3}

.

本研究考察了非织造聚丙烯土工布片对干砂动态性能的影响。在不同围压条件下，对不同数量的土工布（Ngts）加筋砂土进行了共振柱（RC）、弯管和扩展单元（BE、EE）试验。土工布片材的加入不仅显著提高了加筋砂试件的剪切模量G，而且显著提高了加筋砂试件的阻尼比D。与文献报道的数据相比，虽然在本研究中使用了抗拉强度较低的土工布，但G值的增加百分比相对较大。土工布的加入也导致剪切应变（γ）的幅度减小。从BE和EE试验中分别测定的剪切模量和杨氏模量（G0,E0）也证实了土工布加筋砂模量的改善。然而，杨氏模量的改善相对较小。随着σ3的增加，土工布片材对(1)G0的增加百分比和γmin的减少百分比的影响不断增大，而(3)Dmin的增加百分比的影响随着σ3的增加而减小。

{"title":"Dynamic properties of sand reinforced with non-woven geotextile sheets using resonant column and bender elements tests","authors":"Sandyapogu Peddaiah, Jyant Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.geotexmem.2025.07.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geotexmem.2025.07.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines an inclusion of non-woven polypropylene geotextiles sheets on dynamic properties of dry sand. Resonant column (RC), bender and extender elements (BE, EE) tests were conducted on sand reinforced with different numbers of geotextile sheets (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>N</mi><mrow><mi>g</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>) under varying confining pressures. The inclusion of geotextile sheets significantly increases not only the shear modulus (<span><math><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow></math></span>) but also the damping ratio (<span><math><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow></math></span>) of the reinforced sand specimen. As compared to the data reported in literature, although geotextiles with lesser tensile strength were being employed in the current research, the percentage increases in the values of <em>G</em> were, however, found to be relatively greater. The inclusion of geotextile also leads to a reduction in the amplitude of the shear strain (<span><math><mrow><mi>γ</mi></mrow></math></span>). The values of shear and Young's moduli (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>G</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mspace></mspace><mi>E</mi></mrow><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>) determined respectively from BE and EE tests also confirm the improvement in moduli values for sand reinforced with geotextile sheets. The improvement in Young's modulus is found to be, however, relatively smaller. The effect of an inclusion of geotextile sheets on (i) percentage increase in <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>G</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> and percentage decrease in <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>γ</mi><mi>min</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> increases continuously with an increase in <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>σ</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>, and (iii) percentage increase in <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>D</mi><mi>min</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>, however, reduces with an increase in <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>σ</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55096,"journal":{"name":"Geotextiles and Geomembranes","volume":"53 6","pages":"Pages 1525-1543"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of initial water content and voltage gradient on electroosmotic dewatering of ultra-fine soils using novel electrokinetic geosynthetics 初始含水量和电压梯度对新型电动土工合成材料超细土电渗透脱水的影响

IF 6.2 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Geotextiles and Geomembranes

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2025.08.006

Nilan Jayasiri , Andy Fourie , Cristina Vulpe

Electroosmotic (EO) dewatering has gained substantial attention as an alternative method for improving weak soil deposits. One aspect that has not received sufficient attention in this approach is the influence of initial water content and voltage gradient on the EO treatment. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the key operational parameters and post-dewatering performance metrics of EO treatment with varying initial water contents and voltage gradients. A number of electrical, hydraulic and soil water retention parameters were monitored during the treatment process, and the material response to the EO treatment was evaluated by assessing various geotechnical and physiochemical parameters. The results indicate that, regardless of the voltage gradients, overall, the EO dewatering led to a reduction of at least one-third of the original water content. The EO treatment resulted in a sevenfold, ninefold and twentyfold relative increase in undrained shear strength for the experiments with the lowest, intermediate and highest initial water contents, respectively, indicating an exponential increase as the initial water content of the slurry increases. The implications of the findings to improve the viability of EO treatment for large-scale applications using electrokinetic geosynthetics are also discussed.

电渗透（EO）脱水作为一种改善软弱土壤沉积物的替代方法受到了广泛的关注。在这种方法中没有得到足够重视的一个方面是初始含水量和电压梯度对EO处理的影响。本研究旨在全面了解不同初始含水量和电压梯度下EO处理的关键操作参数和脱水后性能指标。在处理过程中监测了许多电气、水力和土壤保水参数，并通过评估各种岩土和物理化学参数来评估材料对EO处理的响应。结果表明，无论电压梯度如何，总体而言，EO脱水导致原始含水量至少减少三分之一。在初始含水量最低、中等和最高的试验中，EO处理导致不排水抗剪强度分别相对提高了7倍、9倍和20倍，表明随着浆体初始含水量的增加，不排水抗剪强度呈指数增长。本文还讨论了这些发现对提高电动土工合成材料大规模应用的EO处理可行性的意义。

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引用次数: 0

Mitigating washboard effect: A study on geocells as soil reinforcement for unpaved roads 减轻搓板效应：土工格室作为非铺砌道路土加固的研究

IF 4.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Geotextiles and Geomembranes

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2025.07.007

Laura Ibagón , Bernardo Caicedo , Juan P. Villacreses , Fernando López‐Caballero

Washboard or corrugation is characterised by undulating patterns that emerge on unpaved roads as vehicles pass over. Soil properties, vehicle velocity, and mass influence these undulations. This study investigates the use of a cellular confinement system (geocells) placed at the road surface as a method to increase soil shear resistance. This approach aims to mitigate the formation of washboard undulations. A multi-pass experimental setup was employed to evaluate the reinforcement effect on the washboard phenomenon. The setup consists of a rotating wheel that traverses a sandy path, both with and without geocell reinforcement. Reinforced and non-reinforced results were compared under various scenarios, including wheel velocities and masses. Additionally, the effect of geocell confinement was compared with the effect of apparent cohesion using the theoretical model proposed by Ibagón et al. (2025). Findings showed that ripple formations are significantly reduced due to the geocell reinforcement. This suggests that geocells placed at the road surface may improve the durability and stability of unpaved roads under repeated vehicular loads.

搓板或波纹的特点是起伏的图案，出现在未铺设的道路上，车辆通过。土壤性质、车辆速度和质量影响这些波动。本研究调查了放置在路面上的细胞约束系统（土工细胞）作为增加土壤抗剪性的方法的使用。这种方法旨在减轻搓板波动的形成。采用多道次实验装置，评价了强化对搓板现象的影响。这个装置由一个旋转的轮子组成，它穿过一条沙路，有或没有土工格室加固。在包括车轮速度和质量在内的各种情况下，对加筋和未加筋的结果进行了比较。此外，利用Ibagón等人（2025）提出的理论模型，将土工格室约束效应与表观黏聚效应进行了比较。结果表明，由于土工格室的加固，波纹的形成明显减少。这表明，放置在路面的土工细胞可以提高未铺设道路在反复车辆荷载下的耐久性和稳定性。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of geomembrane texturing method on geomembrane-dry GCL interface shear behavior 土工膜变形方法对土工膜-干GCL界面剪切性能的影响

IF 4.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Geotextiles and Geomembranes

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2025.05.008

Juan Hou , Xuelei Xie , Craig H. Benson

Effect of geomembrane texturing method on interface shear behavior between textured geomembranes (GM) and the nonwoven side of a dry geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) was evaluated using large-scale direct shear tests conducted using geomembranes with four different types of texturing and a range of asperity heights: impinged texturing (GMTI), coextruded texturing (GMTC), low asperity embossed texturing (GMTE_L), and high asperity embossed texturing (GMTE_H). The GCL contained granular bentonite between woven and nonwoven geotextiles bonded by needlepunching. Tests were conducted on the dry GCL to isolate GM-GCL interface behavior from other factors. All interfaces exhibited similar strain-softening shear behavior. Type of texturing had a strong influence on GM-GCL interface behavior. Comparable shear-displacement curves involving direct surface engagement between the texturing asperities and geotextile fibers were obtained with GMTI and GMTC. GMTI texturing delaminated during shear, reducing geotextile combing compared to GMTC. The GMTE_L engaged the geotextile on the GCL via tip penetration and surface friction, as evinced by striations on the GCL surface, resulting in the lowest interface strengths of the textured GMs. GMTE_H engaged deep into the interior of the GCL, resulting in dilation, tearing of the geotextile, furrows in the bentonite, and the highest interface strength of those tested.

采用四种不同类型的土工膜进行了大规模直剪试验，分别是撞击式土工膜（GMTI）、共挤式土工膜（GMTC）、低粗糙度压纹土工膜（GMTEL）和高粗糙度压纹土工膜（GMTEH），研究了土工膜变形方法对土工膜（GM）与干土工合成粘土衬垫（GCL）非织造侧界面剪切行为的影响。GCL含有颗粒状膨润土，介于编织和非织造土工布之间，通过针刺粘合。在干GCL上进行了试验，以将GM-GCL界面行为与其他因素隔离开来。所有界面均表现出相似的应变软化剪切行为。纹理类型对GM-GCL界面行为有较大影响。利用GMTI和GMTC获得了变形颗粒与土工布纤维直接表面接触的剪切位移曲线。与GMTC相比，GMTI在剪切过程中纹理分层，减少了土工布的精梳。GMTEL通过尖端渗透和表面摩擦与GCL上的土工布接触，如GCL表面的条纹所示，导致有纹理的gm的界面强度最低。GMTEH深入GCL内部，导致土工布膨胀、撕裂，膨润土出现沟壑，界面强度是所有测试中最高的。

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引用次数: 0