Pub Date : 2018-04-20DOI: 10.12789/GEOCANJ.2018.45.130
D. Wilton
In 1893–1894, Albert Peter Low of the Geological Survey of Canada, along with D.I.V. Eaton and four indigenous assistants explored the Labrador Peninsula, then perceived as one of the last great unexplored wilderness areas of North America. The expedition left Lake St. John (now Lac St. Jean) on June 17, 1893, canoeing across the northeastern edge of the North American continent, arriving at Fort Chimo (now Kuujjuaq) on August 27, 1893. They departed Fort Chimo by steamer for Rigolet on the Labrador coast and the Hudson Bay Company post at North West River in the fall of 1893. On March 6, 1894 the party started up the Grand (now Churchill) River continuing through large central lakes into the Ashuanipi river system in western Labrador, then out via the Attikonak River to the Romaine River and finally the Saint Jean river system to arrive at Mingan on the north shore of the St. Lawrence River on August 23, 1894. Low described their fifteen-month journey as having covered over 8700 km including 1600 km on foot, over 4700 km in canoe, 800 km by dog team and 1600 km by steamer. The report from the expedition provides a compendium on the natural history of the region as well as the first geological maps. In terms of economic and scientific results, the greatest was documentation of the vast iron ore deposits of western Labrador; a world-class mining district that has been producing for sixty-three years since 1954. Low’s account also provides details on the essence of such an epic journey, which stands as a classic in the annals of Canadian geological surveying.RESUMEEn 1893–1894, Albert Peter Low de la Commission geologique du Canada, accompagne du D.I.V. Eaton et quatre assistants autochtones ont explore la peninsule du Labrador, alors percue comme l'une des dernieres grandes etendues sauvages inexplorees d’Amerique du Nord. L’equipe a quitte le Lake St. John (aujourd'hui le lac Saint-Jean) le 17 juin 1893, a traverse la bordure nord-est du continent nord-americain en canoe, et est arrive a Fort Chimo (aujourd'hui Kuujjuaq) le 27 aout 1893. A l'automne de 1893, ils ont quitte Fort Chimo a bord d'un vapeur pour Rigolet, sur la cote du Labrador, et le poste de la Compagnie de la Baie d'Hudson sur la riviere North West. Le 6 mars 1894, les membres de l'equipe ont remonte la riviere Grand (aujourd'hui Churchill), puis a travers les grands lacs centraux jusqu'au bassin de la riviere Ashuanipi, dans l'ouest du Labrador, puis, par la riviere Attikonak jusqu' a la riviere Romaine et, enfin, le reseau de la riviere Saint-Jean jusqu’a Mingan, sur la rive nord du fleuve Saint-Laurent, le 23 aout 1894. L’excursion decrite par Low a dure quinze mois et parcouru plus de 8700 km dont 1600 km a pied, plus de 4700 km en canoe, 800 km en attelage de chiens et 1600 km en bateau a vapeur. Le rapport de l'expedition constitue un recueil sur l'histoire naturelle de la region ainsi que des premieres cartes geologiques. En ce qui concerne les repercussions economiques et s
1893年至1894年，加拿大地质调查局的阿尔伯特·彼得·洛（Albert Peter Low）与D.I.V.伊顿（D.I.V.Eaton）和四名土著助手一起探索了拉布拉多半岛，后来被认为是北美最后一个未开发的荒野地区之一。1893年6月17日，远征队离开圣约翰湖（现在的圣约翰湖），划独木舟穿越北美大陆东北边缘，于1893年8月27日抵达奇莫堡（现在的Kuujjuaq）。1893年秋天，他们乘坐轮船前往拉布拉多海岸的里戈莱和西北河的哈德逊湾公司哨所。1894年3月6日，党开始沿着大河（现在的丘吉尔河）继续穿过大型中央湖泊进入拉布拉多西部的阿舒阿尼皮河系统，然后通过阿提科纳克河进入罗曼河，最后圣约翰河系统于1894年8月23日抵达圣劳伦斯河北岸的明安。Low描述了他们15个月的行程，包括步行1600公里、独木舟4700公里、狗队800公里和轮船1600公里。探险队的报告提供了该地区自然历史简编以及第一张地质地图。就经济和科学结果而言，最大的记录是拉布拉多西部的大型铁矿床；自1954年以来63年来一直在生产的世界级矿区。Low的账户还提供了这一史诗之旅本质的详细信息，这是加拿大地质调查年鉴中的经典之旅。1893年至1894年，加拿大地质调查局的阿尔伯特·彼得·洛（Albert Peter Low）与伊顿博士（D.I.V.Eaton）和四名土著助手一起探索了拉布拉多半岛，该半岛当时被认为是北美最后一大片未开发的荒野之一。团队于1893年6月17日离开圣约翰湖（现在的圣约翰湖），乘坐独木舟穿越北美大陆的东北边缘，并于1893月27日抵达奇莫堡（现在的库朱亚克）。1893年秋天，他们乘坐汽船离开奇莫堡前往拉布拉多海岸的里戈莱和西北河上的哈德逊湾公司哨所。1894年3月6日，团队成员沿着大河（现在的丘吉尔河），穿过五大湖中部，到达拉布拉多西部的阿舒阿尼皮河流域，然后沿着阿提科纳克河到达罗马河，最后于1894年8月23日从圣约翰河到圣劳伦斯河北岸的明安。Low A描述的游览持续15个月，行程超过8700公里，包括步行1600公里、独木舟4700公里、狗拉800公里和蒸汽船1600公里。探险队的报告收集了该地区的自然历史和第一张地质地图。关于经济和科学影响，最重要的是记录了拉布拉多西部的大量铁矿床，这是一个世界级的矿区，自1954年以来已经生产了63年。Low的叙述还详细介绍了这次探险的史诗性质，这是加拿大地质调查局编年史上的经典。
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Pub Date : 2018-04-20DOI: 10.12789/GEOCANJ.2018.45.129
A. Kerr
The angular unconformity at Siccar Point in Scotland is one of the most famous localities in the history of geology. At this spot, steeply dipping, folded turbiditic sandstone of early Silurian age is clearly overlain by subhorizontal red conglomerate, breccia and sandstone of late Devonian age. Siccar Point was not the first unconformity ever to be described or illustrated, but it is unquestionably one of the most spectacular and informative that geologists are likely to see. In June of 1788, a famous excursion by James Hutton, John Playfair and Sir James Hall first discovered this striking evidence for the cyclic nature of geological processes and the probable antiquity of the Earth. Contrary to myth, it was likely not the inspiration for Hutton’s famous phrase no vestige of a beginning, no prospect of an end, but Playfair’s metaphor of looking so far into the abyss of time is forever associated with this place. Siccar Point influenced many other geologists, including the young Charles Lyell, who would eventually bring the ideas of James Hutton together with those of William Smith, to build the uniformitarian paradigm that founded modern geology. Lyell’s writings would in turn influence the young Charles Darwin in his search for the reality and causes of evolution. Siccar Point is easy to visit from the historic and vibrant city of Edinburgh, and such a pilgrimage is easily combined with other sights of geological or cultural interest. Visiting the shrine involves a short coastal hike in one of the most beautiful parts of Scotland. This article combines practical advice for would-be pilgrims to Siccar Point with some historical context about its pivotal role in the development of geological ideas in the enlightenment of the late 18th and early 19th centuries.RESUMELa discordance angulaire de Siccar Point en Ecosse est l'une des localites les plus celebres de l'histoire de la geologie. A cet endroit, un gres turbiditique plisse a fort pendage du debut du Silurien est recouvert de conglomerats rouges subhorizontaux, de breches et d’un gres de la fin du Devonien. Siccar Point n'est pas la premiere discordance qui ait ete decrite ou illustree, mais c'est sans conteste l'une des plus spectaculaires et revelatrices que les geologues puissent voir. En juin 1788, avec leur celebre excursion, James Hutton, John Playfair et Sir James Hall ont decouvert cette preuve frappante de la nature cyclique des processus geologiques et de l`anciennete probable de la Terre. Contrairement a ce qu'on croit, ce n'est probablement pas la fameuse phrase de Hutton « aucun vestige d'un debut, aucune perspective de fin », mais la metaphore de Playfair « voir si loin dans l'abime du temps » qui est a jamais associee a ce lieu. Siccar Point a influence de nombreux autres geologues, y compris le jeune Charles Lyell, qui a fini par reunir les idees de James Hutton et celles de William Smith qui ont defini le paradigme uniformitariste, devenu le fondement de la geologie moderne.
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Pub Date : 2018-04-20DOI: 10.12789/geocanj.2018.45.133
A. Kerr
Like most who opted for geoscience as a vocation rather than a mere job, I am often asked exactly why I chose this particular career path, and continue to be involved in my retirement. There are also times when I ask myself the very same question, but it usually boils down to this – being a geologist provides opportunities to visit inspiring, unique and often remote locations through field work and other field trips. In Scotland a couple of years ago, on a conference trip that led to the following article, I read Stephen Baxter’s excellent book Revolutions in the Earth. I thoroughly recommend it – as a biography of James Hutton it gives some insight into his personality – and it illustrates the love-hate relationship that geologists have with field work. In a letter written to a friend, Hutton complained “Lord pity the arse that’s clagged to a head that will hunt stones”. I could amplify this with a detailed footnote explaining the meaning of the archaic dialect verb to clag, but I don’t need to because all geologists will understand Hutton’s sentiment. We don’t really have a choice in this – our interest in exploring the natural world is just part of who we are. Such a conclusion may not be fully scientific, but there’s no denying its truth. Even in a technological age where some geoscience careers are built around black boxes and vast computer models, geology remains at its core an observational science, and the theories that we build are ultimately subject to the ground truth of field observations. It was the lure of field work, the outdoors and travel that brought me into geology, and I know that the same is true for many of my colleagues. Modern geoscience may be sophisticated, multidisclipinary and quantitative, but it always links back to careful field observations and their thoughtful interpretation. Even if technology gives us details and constraints, the essential plotline of the story of Earth comes from reading the rocks. Geoscientists are generally keen and adaptable travellers, who like to get off the beaten tourist paths, sometimes at their own peril. One of the great things about being a student of the Earth is that it surrounds us, and there will always be something interesting to find out, wherever we roam. We enjoy a special relationship with the Earth because we understand its dynamic nature and can visualize it in four dimensions. Travelling geologists are always glancing surreptitiously at roadside outcrops as they flash by, or asking exactly why that range of hills is where it is and shaped just so. This can at times be a source of great frustration to our families or our travelling companions, but it is a natural expression of our curiosity about all things that connect to earthly processes. The one thing that I fear most in aging is to lose such curiosity, as happened to my father. Our idea for a new series in Geoscience Canada that can provide helpful travel information and thoughtful geological context for influential o
和大多数选择地球科学作为一种职业而不仅仅是一份工作的人一样，我经常被问到为什么我选择了这条特殊的职业道路，并在退休后继续参与其中。有时我也会问自己同样的问题，但通常可以归结为这一点——作为一名地质学家，我有机会通过实地工作和其他实地考察访问鼓舞人心、独特且往往偏远的地方。几年前，在苏格兰的一次会议之旅中，我读了斯蒂芬·巴克斯特的优秀著作《地球革命》。我非常推荐这本书——作为詹姆斯·赫顿的传记，它让人对他的个性有了一些了解——它说明了地质学家与野外工作之间的爱恨交织的关系。在给朋友的一封信中，赫顿抱怨道：“上帝怜悯那些会猎取石头的人。”。我可以用一个详细的脚注来解释clag这个古老方言动词的含义，但我不需要这样做，因为所有地质学家都会理解Hutton的观点。在这方面我们真的没有选择——我们对探索自然世界的兴趣只是我们自身的一部分。这样的结论可能并不完全科学，但不可否认其真实性。即使在一个技术时代，一些地球科学职业生涯都是围绕着黑匣子和庞大的计算机模型建立的，地质学仍然是一门观测科学的核心，我们建立的理论最终受制于实地观测的基本事实。正是野外工作、户外活动和旅行的诱惑让我进入了地质学，我知道我的许多同事也是如此。现代地球科学可能是复杂的、多学科的和定量的，但它总是与仔细的实地观测及其深思熟虑的解释联系在一起。即使技术给了我们细节和限制，地球故事的基本情节也来自于阅读岩石。地球科学家通常都是敏锐且适应性强的旅行者，他们喜欢离开人迹罕至的旅游路线，有时会自担风险。作为一名研究地球的学生，最棒的事情之一是它围绕着我们，无论我们在哪里漫游，总会有一些有趣的东西可以找到。我们与地球有着特殊的关系，因为我们了解地球的动态性质，并能在四个维度上看到它。旅行的地质学家总是在路边的露头掠过时偷偷地看一眼，或者问为什么这片山丘在这里，形状如此。这有时会让我们的家人或旅伴感到非常沮丧，但这是我们对所有与地球过程有关的事物的好奇的自然表达。随着年龄的增长，我最害怕的一件事就是失去这种好奇心，就像我父亲身上发生的那样。我们的想法是在加拿大地球科学杂志上推出一个新系列，为有影响力或特殊的野外地区提供有用的旅行信息和周到的地质背景，这是为了利用和庆祝我们天生的好奇心。我们设想一系列文章，不仅为读者提供卓越地质领域的历史和科学背景，还为读者提供自主游览的重要实用信息。在许多情况下，这些地方有足够的技术地球科学数据，但这些数据分散在专业出版物中，其中大多数需要其他知识才能完全理解。将这些来源汇集在一起并更广泛地交流，本身就是对我们科学的服务。具有重大科学兴趣的领域通常也出现在实地考察指南中，通常来自会议，但这些文件可能很难找到和获取。即使可以追踪到这些来源，他们也往往会在更广泛的背景下强调网站的专业技术方面，并且可能缺乏对它们在哪里以及如何到达那里的实际考虑。我们对Classic Rock Tours文章的愿景是将这些信息整合在一个地方，使地质背景、现场描述和实用建议与良好的地图、清晰的图形和有趣的照片相结合。我们并不认为这个系列主要是作为原创研究的场所，而是综合和呈现各种来源的材料。诚然，对文献进行坚定而耗时的搜索最终可以提供热衷于旅行的地质学家所需的大部分信息，但我们在这里寻求将所有信息方便地放在一个易于获取的来源中。我们设想本系列中的论文处于中等技术水平，这样它们将为加拿大地球科学的广大读者提供信息并引起他们的兴趣。我们还设想了一个多样化的目标受众，不仅限于从事会议或度假旅行的专业地球科学家。
{"title":"Classic Rock Tours – An Introduction","authors":"A. Kerr","doi":"10.12789/geocanj.2018.45.133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2018.45.133","url":null,"abstract":"Like most who opted for geoscience as a vocation rather than a mere job, I am often asked exactly why I chose this particular career path, and continue to be involved in my retirement. There are also times when I ask myself the very same question, but it usually boils down to this – being a geologist provides opportunities to visit inspiring, unique and often remote locations through field work and other field trips. In Scotland a couple of years ago, on a conference trip that led to the following article, I read Stephen Baxter’s excellent book Revolutions in the Earth. I thoroughly recommend it – as a biography of James Hutton it gives some insight into his personality – and it illustrates the love-hate relationship that geologists have with field work. In a letter written to a friend, Hutton complained “Lord pity the arse that’s clagged to a head that will hunt stones”. I could amplify this with a detailed footnote explaining the meaning of the archaic dialect verb to clag, but I don’t need to because all geologists will understand Hutton’s sentiment. We don’t really have a choice in this – our interest in exploring the natural world is just part of who we are. Such a conclusion may not be fully scientific, but there’s no denying its truth. Even in a technological age where some geoscience careers are built around black boxes and vast computer models, geology remains at its core an observational science, and the theories that we build are ultimately subject to the ground truth of field observations. It was the lure of field work, the outdoors and travel that brought me into geology, and I know that the same is true for many of my colleagues. Modern geoscience may be sophisticated, multidisclipinary and quantitative, but it always links back to careful field observations and their thoughtful interpretation. Even if technology gives us details and constraints, the essential plotline of the story of Earth comes from reading the rocks. Geoscientists are generally keen and adaptable travellers, who like to get off the beaten tourist paths, sometimes at their own peril. One of the great things about being a student of the Earth is that it surrounds us, and there will always be something interesting to find out, wherever we roam. We enjoy a special relationship with the Earth because we understand its dynamic nature and can visualize it in four dimensions. Travelling geologists are always glancing surreptitiously at roadside outcrops as they flash by, or asking exactly why that range of hills is where it is and shaped just so. This can at times be a source of great frustration to our families or our travelling companions, but it is a natural expression of our curiosity about all things that connect to earthly processes. The one thing that I fear most in aging is to lose such curiosity, as happened to my father. Our idea for a new series in Geoscience Canada that can provide helpful travel information and thoughtful geological context for influential o","PeriodicalId":55106,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience Canada","volume":"45 1","pages":"25-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46723644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-20DOI: 10.12789/GEOCANJ.2018.45.128
D. Corrigan, N. Wodicka, C. McFarlane, I. Lafrance, D. V. Rooyen, D. Bandyayera, C. Bilodeau
The Core Zone, a broad region located between the Superior and North Atlantic cratons and predominantly underlain by Archean gneiss and granitoid rocks, remained until recently one of the less well known parts of the Canadian Shield. Previously thought to form part of the Archean Rae Craton, and later referred to as the Southeastern Churchill Province, it has been regarded as an ancient continental block trapped between the Paleoproterozoic Torngat and New Quebec orogens, with its relationships to the adjacent Superior and North Atlantic cratons remaining unresolved. The geochronological data presented herein suggest that the Archean evolution of the Core Zone was distinct from that in both the Superior and North Atlantic (Nain) cratons. Moreover, the Core Zone itself consists of at least three distinct lithotectonic entities with different evolutions, referred to herein as the George River, Mistinibi-Raude and Falcoz River blocks, that are separated by steeply-dipping, crustal-scale shear zones interpreted as paleosutures. Specifically, the George River Block consists of ca. 2.70 Ga supracrustal rocks and associated ca. 2.70–2.57 Ga intrusions. The Mistinibi-Raude Block consists of remnants of a ca. 2.37 Ga volcanic arc intruded by a ca. 2.32 Ga arc plutonic suite (Pallatin) and penecontemporaneous alkali plutons (Pelland and Nekuashu suites). It also hosts a coarse clastic cover sequence (the Hutte Sauvage Group) which contains detrital zircons provided from locally-derived, ca. 2.57–2.50 Ga, 2.37–2.32 Ga, and 2.10–2.08 Ga sources, with the youngest concordant grain dated at 1987 ± 7 Ma. The Falcoz River Block consists of ca. 2.89–2.80 Ga orthogneiss intruded by ca. 2.74–2.70 granite, tonalite, and granodiorite. At the western margin of the Core Zone, the George River Block and Kuujjuaq Domain may have been proximal by ca. 1.84 Ga as both appear to have been sutured by the 1.84–1.82 Ga De Pas Batholith, whereas at its eastern margin, the determination of metamorphic ages of ca. 1.85 to 1.80 Ga in the Falcoz River Block suggests protracted interaction with the adjacent Lac Lomier Complex during their amalgamation and suturing, but with a younger, ‘New Quebec’ overprint as well. The three crustal blocks forming the Core Zone add to a growing list of ‘exotic’ Archean to earliest Paleoproterozoic microcontinents and crustal slices that extend around the Superior Craton from the Grenville Front through Hudson Strait, across Hudson Bay and into Manitoba and Saskatchewan, in what was the Manikewan Ocean realm, which closed between ca. 1.83–1.80 Ga during the formation of supercontinent Nuna. RESUME La Zone noyau, une vaste region situee entre les cratons du Superieur et de l’Atlantique Nord et reposant principalement sur des gneiss archeens et des roches granitiques, est demeuree jusqu’a recemment l’une des parties les moins bien connues du Bouclier canadien. Consideree auparavant comme faisant partie du craton archeen de Rae, puis comme la portion su
{"title":"Lithotectonic Framework of the Core Zone, Southeastern Churchill Province, Canada","authors":"D. Corrigan, N. Wodicka, C. McFarlane, I. Lafrance, D. V. Rooyen, D. Bandyayera, C. Bilodeau","doi":"10.12789/GEOCANJ.2018.45.128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12789/GEOCANJ.2018.45.128","url":null,"abstract":"The Core Zone, a broad region located between the Superior and North Atlantic cratons and predominantly underlain by Archean gneiss and granitoid rocks, remained until recently one of the less well known parts of the Canadian Shield. Previously thought to form part of the Archean Rae Craton, and later referred to as the Southeastern Churchill Province, it has been regarded as an ancient continental block trapped between the Paleoproterozoic Torngat and New Quebec orogens, with its relationships to the adjacent Superior and North Atlantic cratons remaining unresolved. The geochronological data presented herein suggest that the Archean evolution of the Core Zone was distinct from that in both the Superior and North Atlantic (Nain) cratons. Moreover, the Core Zone itself consists of at least three distinct lithotectonic entities with different evolutions, referred to herein as the George River, Mistinibi-Raude and Falcoz River blocks, that are separated by steeply-dipping, crustal-scale shear zones interpreted as paleosutures. Specifically, the George River Block consists of ca. 2.70 Ga supracrustal rocks and associated ca. 2.70–2.57 Ga intrusions. The Mistinibi-Raude Block consists of remnants of a ca. 2.37 Ga volcanic arc intruded by a ca. 2.32 Ga arc plutonic suite (Pallatin) and penecontemporaneous alkali plutons (Pelland and Nekuashu suites). It also hosts a coarse clastic cover sequence (the Hutte Sauvage Group) which contains detrital zircons provided from locally-derived, ca. 2.57–2.50 Ga, 2.37–2.32 Ga, and 2.10–2.08 Ga sources, with the youngest concordant grain dated at 1987 ± 7 Ma. The Falcoz River Block consists of ca. 2.89–2.80 Ga orthogneiss intruded by ca. 2.74–2.70 granite, tonalite, and granodiorite. At the western margin of the Core Zone, the George River Block and Kuujjuaq Domain may have been proximal by ca. 1.84 Ga as both appear to have been sutured by the 1.84–1.82 Ga De Pas Batholith, whereas at its eastern margin, the determination of metamorphic ages of ca. 1.85 to 1.80 Ga in the Falcoz River Block suggests protracted interaction with the adjacent Lac Lomier Complex during their amalgamation and suturing, but with a younger, ‘New Quebec’ overprint as well. The three crustal blocks forming the Core Zone add to a growing list of ‘exotic’ Archean to earliest Paleoproterozoic microcontinents and crustal slices that extend around the Superior Craton from the Grenville Front through Hudson Strait, across Hudson Bay and into Manitoba and Saskatchewan, in what was the Manikewan Ocean realm, which closed between ca. 1.83–1.80 Ga during the formation of supercontinent Nuna. RESUME La Zone noyau, une vaste region situee entre les cratons du Superieur et de l’Atlantique Nord et reposant principalement sur des gneiss archeens et des roches granitiques, est demeuree jusqu’a recemment l’une des parties les moins bien connues du Bouclier canadien. Consideree auparavant comme faisant partie du craton archeen de Rae, puis comme la portion su","PeriodicalId":55106,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience Canada","volume":"45 1","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49634679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-20DOI: 10.12789/GEOCANJ.2018.45.132
A. Kerr
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Pub Date : 2017-12-19DOI: 10.12789/geocanj.2017.44.127
Lindsay Steele
Under Law, professional geoscientists have a duty of care that they must adhere to when they carry out their activities. The question is, when a duty of care exists, what is the standard of care that is owed? Geoscience regulators in Canada and around the world are working with geoscientists to develop innovative solutions in establishing the standard of care that must be met. By clearly establishing what our expectations are concerning standard of care, we are setting common ideals and goals as a professional community. Both society, geoscientists and employers of geoscientists look to regulatory associations for guidance on professional practice, therefore regulators need to strive to support and educate their members by developing tools and resources that allow members to meet the standard of care expected of them. The paper describes innovative approaches being offered to assist members of Engineers and Geoscientists British Columbia and is based on an oral presentation given by the author at the International Geology Congress in Cape Town South Africa in August 2016. RESUME En vertu de la loi, les geoscientifiques professionnels ont un devoir de diligence auquel ils doivent se conformer dans l'exercice de leurs activites. La question qui se pose est la suivante : lorsqu'il existe un devoir de diligence, quelle est la norme de diligence a respecter? Les organismes de reglementation geoscientifiques au Canada, et ailleurs dans le monde, travaillent de concert avec les geoscientifiques a l'elaboration de solutions novatrices pour etablir la norme de diligence a respecter. En etablissant clairement nos attentes concernant les normes de diligence, nous etablissons des ideaux et des objectifs communs en tant que regroupement professionnel. La societe, les geoscientifiques et leurs employeurs attendent des associations de reglementation des conseils sur les usages professionnels. Les organismes de reglementation doivent donc s'efforcer de soutenir et former leurs membres en dotant des outils et des ressources qui leur permettent de respecter les normes d'usage en vigueur. L’article qui suit, et qui decrit les approches novatrices proposees aux membres de la Engineers and Geoscientist British Columbia est base sur une presentation orale donnee par l'auteur au Congres international de geologie a Cape Town, en Afrique du Sud, en aout 2016.
根据法律规定，专业地球科学家在开展活动时必须遵守注意义务。问题是，当注意义务存在时，应遵守的注意标准是什么?加拿大和世界各地的地球科学监管机构正在与地球科学家合作，开发创新的解决方案，以建立必须满足的护理标准。通过明确我们对护理标准的期望，我们作为一个专业团体设定了共同的理想和目标。社会、地球科学家和地球科学家的雇主都希望监管协会在专业实践方面提供指导，因此监管机构需要努力通过开发工具和资源来支持和教育其成员，使成员能够达到对他们的期望标准。该论文描述了帮助不列颠哥伦比亚省工程师和地球科学家成员的创新方法，并基于作者在2016年8月南非开普敦国际地质大会上的口头报告。在地球科学领域，许多地球科学专业人员都不需要投入大量的精力，因为他们不需要在地球科学领域进行大量的实践活动。问题是:勤奋的人会存在，勤奋的人会尊重他人吗?加拿大地质科学管理机构，加拿大地质科学管理机构，加拿大地质科学管理机构，加拿大地质科学管理机构，加拿大地质科学管理机构，加拿大地质科学管理机构，加拿大地质科学管理机构，加拿大地质科学管理机构，加拿大地质科学管理机构。在确立的索赔要求中，没有注意到有关工作规范的问题，没有注意到确立的原则和目标，也没有注意到重新组合专业人员的问题。La socite, les geoscientifiques et leurs employees, des associations de regulationdes councils sur les uses professionnels。生物群落的调控机制是指生物群落的调控机制，而生物群落的调控机制是指生物群落的调控机制，而生物群落的调控机制是指生物群落的调控机制。L 'article qusuit, et qui decrrles方法，新方法，建议，工程师和地球科学家成员不列颠哥伦比亚省est基地，在2016年左右在开普敦举行的国际地质大会上发表演讲。
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Pub Date : 2017-12-19DOI: 10.12789/GEOCANJ.2017.44.126
O. Bonham, D. Abbott, A. Waltho
As professional communities around the world, geoscientists have in place disciplinary measures and, over time, instances have occurred which have required disciplinary actions to be taken against individuals. Geoscientists have specialized knowledge and provide expertise on which others rely for important decision- making. Geoscientists are best positioned to judge the scientific/technical and ethical merits of the work of other geoscientists. They are considered professionals and for that reason, society has placed the onus on the profession to govern itself. Consequently, it is important that appropriate disciplinary procedures are in place, that they are ever improving, and that the profession can and does act decisively when necessary. This two-part review paper examines systems and measures to uphold the ethical conduct of geoscientists (Part 1), and studies actions taken against geoscientists in the last three decades (Part 2). It uses available information collected from the member organizations of the International Union of Geological Sciences’ Task Group on Global Geoscience Professionalism as well as public sources. Models used for the governance and self-regulation of geoscience practice vary globally across the same spectrum that is typical in other professions, with the choice of model varying to suit local legal contexts and societal needs and norms. Broadly, similar processes for complaints, investigation, and disciplinary decision-making (and appeals of decisions) are used. The types of charges that can be made for offences or allegations are similar. The ranges of applicable penalties vary depending on the extent of statutory power in place, but beyond this constraint, there are many parallels. Ninety-two documented cases are identified where action has been taken against geoscientists globally since 1989. Of these, 40 relate to either non-payment of dues or fees (usually discontinuation of a membership or license) or to non-compliance with Continuing Professional Development requirements. The remaining 52 are actions for more serious offenses, resulting in penalties that are more substantial. These offences cluster into six categories: 1) falsifying data; 2) fraudulent billing and/or falsifying time sheets; 3) inappropriate behaviour towards others; 4) problematic geoscience work and/or technical deficiencies; 5) misrepresentation of findings, or the giving of unsupported opinions; and 6) mixed other offences. The most frequently used penalty in these cases is the reprimand. Next most frequent is revocation. Revocations include resignations with prejudice, where the geoscientist chose to resign their membership rather than allow the matter to proceed to discipline. Suspensions, requirements for remedial education and/or fines are also frequent penalties. Combinations of different penalties are common. It is evident that rigorous procedures are in place in a number of countries and that they are being used to address the unp
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Pub Date : 2017-12-19DOI: 10.12789/GEOCANJ.2017.44.123
G. Young
*The following piece endeavours to capture the content of the Presidential Address presented at the Kingston GAC–MAC in May, 2017. The accompanying images are selected from the many slides with which the lecture was illustrated.
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