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Using stream dissolved oxygen and light relationships to estimate stream primary production on mountainous headwater stream ecosystems 利用溪流溶解氧和光照关系估算山区源头溪流生态系统的溪流初级生产力
IF 2.5 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1002/eco.2699
Sandra R. Villamizar, Catalina Segura, Dana R. Warren

Headwater streams influence the carbon cycle, but their productivity estimation remains challenging. We propose the use of dissolved oxygen data (% saturation, DOsat) and on-site photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) data to develop DOsat~PAR curves as an analogy to the well-known photosynthesis–irradiance (P–E) curves. The premise of our research is that although these curves are simple, they provide detailed information of stream ecosystem productivity dynamics. We used data from two streams in the Oregon Coast Range to investigate daily gross primary productivity (GPP). We used properties of the light-limited portion of the DOsat~PAR regression curves to produce a model to estimate GPP. We found that the slope of the DO–PAR relation varied widely between 1.6 × 10−4 and 0.045 and had strong correlations (r2 > 0.78). The data from one of the two study sites (Oak Creek) was used for model development while the data from the other site (South Fork Mill Creek) was used for model validation. The model's ability to quantify the effects of a discrete storm event on stream productivity was tested by comparing GPP estimates calculated through a Bayesian framework (streamMetabolizer) and our raw data-driven estimates of GPP which were based on the variability of the DOsat~PAR regression curves. The proposed methodology was successful in estimating GPP in headwaters. We foresee that this method may be used to assess disturbances and construct a baseline understanding of productivity dynamics in other headwater ecosystems that is independent of the methodological challenges of the current stream metabolism models.

源头溪流会影响碳循环,但对其生产力的估算仍具有挑战性。我们建议使用溶解氧数据(饱和度百分比,DOsat)和现场光合有效辐射(PAR)数据来绘制 DOsat~PAR 曲线,以类比著名的光合作用-辐照度(P-E)曲线。我们研究的前提是,虽然这些曲线很简单,但它们提供了溪流生态系统生产力动态的详细信息。我们使用俄勒冈海岸山脉两条溪流的数据来研究每日总初级生产力(GPP)。我们利用 DOsat~PAR 回归曲线中光限制部分的特性,建立了一个估算 GPP 的模型。我们发现,DO-PAR 关系的斜率在 1.6 × 10-4 和 0.045 之间变化很大,并且具有很强的相关性(r2 > 0.78)。两个研究地点之一(橡树溪)的数据用于模型开发,而另一个地点(南岔米尔溪)的数据用于模型验证。通过比较贝叶斯框架(streamMetabolizer)计算出的 GPP 估计值和我们根据 DOsat~PAR 回归曲线的变化率得出的原始数据驱动的 GPP 估计值,检验了该模型量化离散暴雨事件对溪流生产力影响的能力。所提出的方法成功地估算了上游水域的 GPP。我们预计,这种方法可用于评估干扰,并构建对其他溪流生态系统生产力动态的基线认识,而不受当前溪流代谢模型方法学挑战的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Downstream decreases in water availability, tree height, canopy volume and growth rate in cottonwood forests along the Green River, southwestern USA 美国西南部格林河沿岸木棉林中水供应、树高、树冠体积和生长率的下游下降情况
IF 2.5 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1002/eco.2693
Richard Thaxton, Michael L. Scott, John T. Kemper, Sara L. Rathburn, Sabrina Butzke, Jonathan M. Friedman

Hydrologic stress is increasing in Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii) forests across the southwestern United States because of increased temperature and streamflow diversion. The spatial variability of this stress is large yet poorly understood. Along the Yampa and Green Rivers in Colorado and Utah, vapour pressure deficit and flow diversions increase downstream. To investigate effects of this gradient on cottonwoods, we measured the percent live canopy and height of randomly selected trees at three sites: Deerlodge Park on the Yampa River (DLP), Island Park on the upper Green (ILP) and Canyonlands National Park on the lower Green (CAN). From these same trees, we took increment cores to understand differences in tree growth in each forest over time. We then related tree metrics to local water availability, streamflow and climatic data. Cottonwoods at CAN were shorter and had lower percent live canopy and growth rate than similarly aged trees upstream. CAN trees that grew higher above the water surface also tended to have lower tree growth, height and live canopy percentage. Furthermore, the correlation between tree growth and maximum vapour pressure deficit showed a much stronger negative shift since 1990 at CAN than at the other sites. All of these differences suggest higher hydrologic stress at CAN, which we attribute to the combined effects of peak flow declines from Flaming Gorge Reservoir, flow diversion and the higher and increasing vapour pressure deficit at CAN. Further research on the variability of hydrologic stress on cottonwoods could help managers anticipate and mitigate the effects of drought stress in these iconic forests.

由于温度升高和溪流改道,美国西南部弗里蒙特木棉(Populus fremontii)林的水文压力不断增加。这种压力的空间变化很大,但人们对其了解甚少。在科罗拉多州和犹他州的 Yampa 河和 Green 河沿岸,水汽压力不足和水流分流现象在下游加剧。为了研究这种梯度对木棉树的影响,我们在三个地点测量了随机选取的树木的活冠率和高度:这三个地点分别是:扬巴河上的鹿庐公园 (DLP)、格林河上游的岛屿公园 (ILP) 和格林河下游的峡谷地国家公园 (CAN)。我们从这些相同的树木中提取了增量核心,以了解每片森林中树木生长随时间变化的差异。然后,我们将树木指标与当地的水供应、溪流和气候数据联系起来。与上游类似树龄的树木相比,CAN 的木棉树更矮小,活冠率和生长率也更低。生长在水面以上的 CAN 树木的生长速度、高度和活冠百分比也往往较低。此外,自 1990 年以来,国际气候行动中心的树木生长与最大蒸汽压力亏损之间的相关性显示出比其他地点更强的负向变化。所有这些差异都表明 CAN 处的水文压力更大,我们将其归因于火焰峡谷水库峰值流量下降、水流分流以及 CAN 处更高且不断增加的蒸汽压力缺口的综合影响。对木棉树水文压力变化的进一步研究可以帮助管理人员预测和减轻干旱压力对这些标志性森林的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Estimating changes in streamflow attributable to wildfire in multiple watersheds using a semi-distributed watershed model 利用半分布式流域模型估算多流域野火导致的溪流变化
IF 2.5 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1002/eco.2697
Ryan Wells, Kyle R. Mankin, Jeffrey D. Niemann, Holm Kipka, Timothy R. Green, David M. Barnard

More than half of water supply in the western United States is sourced from forested lands that are increasingly under wildfire risk. Studies have begun to isolate the effects of wildfire on streamflow, but they have typically used coarse temporal resolutions that cannot account for the numerous, interconnected watershed processes that control the responses to rainfall events. In this study, we employed a method to isolate fine-scale (daily) effects of fire. Wildfire effects were estimated as the difference between measured post-fire streamflow and unburned scenarios of post-fire streamflow simulated by a hydrologic model calibrated to pre-fire conditions. The method was applied to track hydrologic recovery after wildfires in six burned watersheds across the western United States: North Eagle Creek, NM (2012 Little Bear Fire), Lopez Creek, CA (1985 Las Pilitas Fire), City Creek, Devil Canyon Creek, East Twin Creek, and Plunge Creek, CA (2003 Old Fire). All six watersheds experienced prolonged increases of post-fire streamflow, with the most consistent changes occurring during periods of low streamflow. Following 6 years of increased streamflow, Lopez Creek experienced 6 years of reduced streamflow before returning to the pre-fire hydrologic regime. North Eagle Creek and the four watersheds affected by the Old Fire continued to have elevated streamflow 9 and 18 years post-fire, respectively, without returning to the pre-fire hydrologic regime.

美国西部一半以上的水源来自林地,而林地面临的野火风险越来越大。已有研究开始分离野火对溪流的影响,但这些研究通常使用较粗的时间分辨率,无法解释控制降雨事件响应的众多相互关联的流域过程。在这项研究中,我们采用了一种方法来分离火灾的细尺度(日)影响。野火影响是通过测量火灾后的溪流与水文模型模拟的火灾后未燃烧溪流之间的差值来估算的,水文模型是根据火灾前的条件进行校准的。该方法被用于跟踪美国西部六个烧毁流域野火后的水文恢复情况:北达科他州北鹰溪(2012 年小熊火灾)、加利福尼亚州洛佩兹溪(1985 年拉斯皮利塔斯火灾)、城市溪、魔鬼峡谷溪、东双溪和加利福尼亚州 Plunge 溪(2003 年旧火灾)。所有六个流域在火灾后都经历了长时间的溪流增加,在溪流流量较低期间发生的变化最为一致。洛佩兹溪在经历了 6 年的溪流增加后,又经历了 6 年的溪流减少,然后才恢复到火灾前的水文状态。北鹰溪和受旧火灾影响的四个流域在火灾后分别持续 9 年和 18 年的时间里,溪流流量一直在增加,没有恢复到火灾前的水文状态。
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引用次数: 0
Spatiotemporal variations of groundwater and gully impact in two peatland watersheds in the Upper Yellow River, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 青藏高原黄河上游两个泥炭地流域地下水和冲沟影响的时空变化
IF 2.5 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1002/eco.2698
Zhiwei Li, Bingyu Zhou, Xiwei Guo, Peng Gao, Bang Chen, Shimin Tian

The spatiotemporal variability of groundwater level is an important property of peatland hydrology that directly alternates water storage. Nonetheless, the current understanding of the variations of groundwater level over long periods of time remains limited. In this study, we investigated two peatland watersheds (0.151 km2 for Watershed 1 and 0.844 km2 for Watershed 2) in the Zoige Basin in the upper watershed of the Yellow River to monitor temporal variability of groundwater level using self-recorded water loggers over 4 years (2017–2021). The main results demonstrate that (1) groundwater level variations were controlled by gully drainage in sites adjacent to the gully but were more affected by rainfall in sites distant from the gully. The groundwater level near the gully downcut was lower than that near the gully without complete downcutting through the pear layer, with a maximum difference of 58.3 cm, indicating the longitudinal effect of groundwater level in the watershed. (2) Because the rainfall had a lag effect on the groundwater level, the length of lag gradually decreased with increased rainfall intensity (i.e., the lag time for sites distant from the gully was about 18 min shorter than that of sites close to the gully in Watershed 1). (3) The peak values of the groundwater level occurred simultaneously with the maximum and minimum rainfall in Watershed 2, and the peak occurrence time was related to the ratio of precipitation to evaporation. In the downstream sites, the groundwater level fluctuated more than the upstream ones in Watershed 2. Moreover, the average groundwater level in the upstream sites was 14.3 cm higher than that of the middle ones, indicating a decreasing trend of water storage along the gully. (4) The differences in groundwater level between wet and dry seasons were clear, but the difference was smaller in the upstream sites due to limited gully incision and higher water storage within the peat layer. Additionally, groundwater level changes were more extreme on rainy days during both the wet and dry seasons, but the different intensities of rainfall resulted in stable groundwater in the dry season and an oscillating groundwater level in the wet season in Watershed 2. This study uncovers the groundwater dynamics in the two peatland watersheds, which is of great significance for understanding runoff variation, ecohydrological processes, and wetland shrinkage.

地下水位的时空变化是泥炭地水文的一个重要特性,它直接影响着储水量的交替。然而,目前对地下水位长期变化的了解仍然有限。在本研究中,我们调查了黄河上游流域卓资盆地的两个泥炭地流域(流域 1 为 0.151 平方公里,流域 2 为 0.844 平方公里),利用自记水位记录仪监测了 4 年(2017-2021 年)的地下水位时变。主要结果表明:(1) 在邻近沟谷的地点,地下水位变化受沟谷排水的控制,但在远离沟谷的地点,地下水位变化更多地受到降雨的影响。沟谷下切附近的地下水位低于未完全下切穿过梨树层的沟谷附近的地下水位,最大差值为 58.3 厘米,表明流域内地下水位的纵向影响。(2)由于降雨对地下水位有滞后效应,随着降雨强度的增加,滞后时间逐渐缩短(即在流域 1 中,远离冲沟的地点的滞后时间比靠近冲沟的地点短约 18 分钟)。(3) 在流域 2 中,地下水位的峰值与最大降雨量和最小降雨量同时出现,峰值出现的时间与降雨量和蒸发量的比值有关。此外,上游地块的平均地下水位比中游地块高 14.3 厘米,表明蓄水量沿沟谷呈下降趋势。(4) 雨季和旱季的地下水位差异明显,但上游站点的差异较小,原因是沟谷下切有限,泥炭层内的蓄水量较高。此外,雨季和旱季的雨天地下水位变化都较为剧烈,但不同的降雨强度导致流域 2 旱季地下水位稳定,而雨季地下水位震荡。 本研究揭示了两个泥炭地流域的地下水动态变化,对了解径流变化、生态水文过程和湿地萎缩具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
On the scaling of river network biogeochemical function 关于河网生物地球化学功能的比例关系
IF 2.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1002/eco.2691
Enrico Bertuzzo
River networks play a fundamental biogeochemical role in the Earth system by transporting and processing materials from terrestrial to ocean ecosystems. The cumulative biogeochemical function of a watershed of area can broadly be referred to as the total processing rate of material performed by its river network. An important recent research, conducted through network simulations, has revealed that the biogeochemical function of rivers can scale superlinearly with the area under certain scenarios. This finding has significant implications for the role of river networks in regional and global biogeochemical cycles. Here, we demonstrate how such scaling can be derived analytically by combining the power law distribution of drainage area, the universal fractal signature of river networks and the scaling of channel hydraulic geometry, utilising the theory of finite‐size scaling. The results enable the discrimination between linear and superlinear behaviours, as well as the calculation of the exact exponent based on parameters that define how the biogeochemical function and the river width change with river drainage area. Furthermore, we investigate the difference between the scaling of the biogeochemical function with the area of the watershed and with the area of a region drained by multiple river networks, emphasising the implications for upscaling efforts.
河网在地球系统中发挥着基本的生物地球化学作用,将物质从陆地生态系统输送到海洋生态系统并对其进行处理。一个流域面积的累积生物地球化学功能可泛指其河网对物质的总处理率。最近的一项重要研究通过网络模拟揭示出,在某些情况下,河流的生物地球化学功能可以与面积成超线性关系。这一发现对河网在区域和全球生物地球化学循环中的作用具有重要意义。在此,我们利用有限规模缩放理论,结合排水面积的幂律分布、河网的普遍分形特征以及河道水力几何的缩放,展示了如何通过分析得出这种缩放。这些结果可以区分线性和超线性行为,并根据定义生物地球化学功能和河道宽度如何随河道排水面积变化的参数计算出精确的指数。此外,我们还研究了生物地球化学功能随流域面积缩放与随多个河网排水区域面积缩放之间的差异,强调了生物地球化学功能放大的意义。
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引用次数: 0
Snow drifts as a driver of alpine plant productivity as observed from weekly multispectral drone imagery 从每周多光谱无人机图像观测到的飘雪是高山植物生产力的驱动因素
IF 2.5 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.1002/eco.2694
Oliver Wigmore, Noah P. Molotch

Patterns of alpine plant productivity are extremely variable in space and time. Complex topography drives variations in temperature, wind, and solar radiation. Surface and subsurface flow paths route water between landscape patches. Redistribution of snow creates scour zones and deep drifts, which drives variation in water availability and growing season length. Hence, the distribution of snow likely plays a central role in patterns of alpine plant productivity. Given that these processes operate at sub-1 m to sub-10 m spatial scales and are dynamic across daily to weekly time scales, historical studies using manual survey techniques have not afforded a comprehensive assessment of the influence of snow distribution on plant productivity. To address this knowledge gap, we used weekly estimates of normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), snow extent, and peak snow depth, acquired from drone surveys at 25 cm resolution. We derived six snowpack-related and topographic variables that may influence vegetation productivity and analysed these with respect to the timing and magnitude of peak productivity. Peak NDVI and peak NDVI timing were most highly correlated with maximum snow depth, and snow-off-date. We observed up to a ~30% reduction in peak NDVI for areas with deeper and later snow cover, and a ~11-day delay in the timing of peak NDVI in association with later snow-off-date. Our findings leverage a novel approach to quantify the importance of snow distribution in driving alpine vegetation productivity and provide a space for time proxy of potential changes in a warmer, lower snow future.

高山植物的生产力模式在空间和时间上的变化都非常大。复杂的地形导致温度、风和太阳辐射的变化。地表和地下水流在不同地貌之间流动。积雪的重新分布造成了冲刷区和深度漂移,从而导致水供应和生长季节长度的变化。因此,雪的分布很可能在高山植物生产力模式中起着核心作用。由于这些过程在 1 米以下到 10 米以下的空间尺度上运行,并且在每天到每周的时间尺度上都是动态的,因此使用人工调查技术进行的历史研究无法全面评估积雪分布对植物生产力的影响。为了填补这一知识空白,我们使用了 25 厘米分辨率的无人机勘测获得的归一化差异植被指数 (NDVI)、积雪范围和峰值积雪深度的每周估计值。我们得出了可能影响植被生产力的六个与积雪相关的地形变量,并对这些变量与生产力峰值的时间和幅度进行了分析。峰值 NDVI 和峰值 NDVI 时间与最大积雪深度和降雪日期的相关性最高。我们观察到,在积雪较深和较晚的地区,峰值归一化差异植被指数(NDVI)降低了约 30%,而在积雪较晚的地区,峰值归一化差异植被指数(NDVI)的时间则推迟了约 11 天。我们的研究结果利用了一种新方法来量化积雪分布在推动高山植被生产力方面的重要性,并为未来气候变暖、积雪减少时可能发生的变化提供了时间空间代理。
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引用次数: 0
Snowmelt and subsurface heterogeneity control tree water sources in a subalpine forest 融雪和地下异质性控制亚高山森林中的树木水源
IF 2.5 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1002/eco.2695
Stefano Brighenti, Nikolaus Obojes, Giacomo Bertoldi, Giulia Zuecco, Matteo Censini, Giorgio Cassiani, Daniele Penna, Francesco Comiti

In high mountain areas, snowmelt water is a key—yet fading—hydrological resource, but its importance for soil recharge and tree root water uptake is understudied. In these environments, heterogeneous terrains enhance a highly variable availability of soil and groundwater resources that can be accessed by plants. We conducted a tracer-based study on a subalpine forest in the Italian Alps. We investigated the isotopic composition (2H and 18O) of snowmelt, precipitation, spring water, soil water—at different locations and depths—and xylem water of twigs taken from alpine larch, Swiss stone pine and alpenrose plants during bi-weekly field campaigns (growing seasons of 2020 and 2021). Mixing models based on δ18O revealed a large contribution of snowmelt to soil and xylem water, particularly during early summer. We investigated the contribution of water from different soil depths to xylem water, using the sap flow records to date back the end-member signatures. We found a flexible use of shallow and deeper soil water by the investigated plants, with groundwater more likely used by larger trees and during the late summer. Results based on isotopic data were combined with geophysical observations of the subsurface structure to develop a conceptual model about the different exploitation of water by plants depending on their location (shallow soil on a slope vs. a saturated area). Our study highlights the relevance of snowmelt in high-elevation terrestrial ecosystems, where heterogeneous substrates shape the water availability at different depths and, in turn, water uptake by plants.

在高山地区,融雪水是一种重要的水文资源,但其对土壤补给和树木根部吸水的重要性研究不足。在这些环境中,异质地形增加了植物可利用的土壤和地下水资源的高度可变性。我们对意大利阿尔卑斯山的亚高山森林进行了示踪研究。我们在每两周一次的野外活动(2020 年和 2021 年的生长季节)中调查了融雪、降水、泉水、不同位置和深度的土壤水以及高山落叶松、瑞士石松和高山蔷薇等植物树枝木质部水的同位素组成(2H 和 18O)。基于 δ18O 的混合模型显示,融雪对土壤和木质部水分的贡献很大,尤其是在初夏。我们研究了不同土壤深度的水对木质部水的贡献,利用树液流动记录追溯末梢特征。我们发现所调查的植物对浅层和深层土壤水的利用比较灵活,大树和夏末更有可能利用地下水。基于同位素数据的研究结果与地下结构的地球物理观测结果相结合,建立了一个概念模型,说明植物对水的利用因所处位置(斜坡上的浅层土壤与饱和地区)的不同而不同。我们的研究强调了融雪在高海拔陆地生态系统中的相关性,在这些生态系统中,异质基质决定了不同深度的水分供应,进而决定了植物对水分的吸收。
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引用次数: 0
Hydraulic analysis for assessing environmental flow selection and ecological model formulation 用于评估环境流量选择和生态模型制定的水力分析
IF 2.5 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1002/eco.2681
Aubrey Harris, Michael Porter, S. Kyle McKay, Anjali Mulchandani, Mark Stone

Ecosystem management depends on transforming qualitative observations (e.g., slow-moving shallow conditions provide nursery refugia for silvery minnow larvae) into management actions to increase habitat quantity or improve habitat quality. To be effective, decision metrics that are developed for management objectives should be validated with field observations. Model assumptions, precision and parameter importance can be refined by comparing the fidelity of selected parameters computed as habitat quality metrics and the correlation of these metrics to real-world observations. Validated environmental metrics are more credible for management and can be compatible with ecosystem monitoring and project design processes. In this study, streamflow monitoring data and hydraulic modelling are used to quantify fish habitat extent for 15 years of spring runoff. The spring runoff event coincides with larval maturation to a free-swimming juvenile phase for the silvery minnow, a critical period in Rio Grande habitat management. Different methods to estimate habitat availability (i.e., hydrology statistics, inundation extents based on hydraulic modelling and areal habitat availability based on different formulations of a habitat suitability index curve) were used to test the efficacy of different metrics relative to species population monitoring. This analysis finds that flow–ecology relationships based on hydraulic modelling or hydrology statistics are both effective and highly correlated to larval production. The investigation shows how seasonal hydrologic characterization and hydraulic discretization have varying levels of correlation with seasonal fish production. This study demonstrates how hydraulic modelling data and hydrologic characterization of riverine environments can be used to validate or develop conceptual ecological models.

生态系统管理有赖于将定性观察结果(例如,缓慢流动的浅水条件为银鲦幼鱼提供了育苗庇护所)转化为管理行动,以增加栖息地数量或改善栖息地质量。为管理目标制定的决策指标应通过实地观测加以验证,这样才能取得成效。通过比较作为栖息地质量指标计算的选定参数的忠实性以及这些指标与实际观测结果的相关性,可以完善模型假设、精度和参数重要性。经过验证的环境指标在管理方面更加可信,并可与生态系统监测和项目设计过程相兼容。本研究利用溪流监测数据和水力模型来量化 15 年春季径流的鱼类栖息地范围。春季径流事件与银鲦鱼幼虫成熟到自由游动的幼鱼阶段相吻合,是格兰德河栖息地管理的关键时期。采用不同方法估算栖息地可用性(即水文统计数据、基于水力模型的淹没范围以及基于栖息地适宜性指数曲线不同公式的栖息地可用性面积),以测试不同指标对物种种群监测的有效性。分析发现,基于水力模型或水文统计的流量生态关系既有效又与幼虫产量高度相关。调查显示,季节性水文特征描述和水力离散与季节性鱼类产量具有不同程度的相关性。这项研究展示了如何利用河流环境的水力模型数据和水文特征来验证或开发概念生态模型。
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引用次数: 0
Water-controlled ecosystems as complex networks: Evaluation of network-based approaches to quantify patterns of connectivity 作为复杂网络的水控生态系统:对基于网络的连接模式量化方法进行评估
IF 2.5 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1002/eco.2690
Shubham Tiwari, Sonia Recinos Brizuela, Thomas Hein, Laura Turnbull, John Wainwright, Andrea Funk

This study provides a new perspective on understanding the intricacies of water-mediated connectivity in ecosystems, bridging landscape ecology and geomorphology through network science. We highlight dryland and river-floodplain ecosystems as distinct examples of contrasting water-controlled systems. We (1) discuss central considerations in developing structural connectivity and functional connectivity networks of water-mediated connectivity; (2) quantify the emergent patterns in these networks; and (3) evaluate the capacity of network science tools for investigating connectivity characteristics. With a focus on strength (weights) and direction, connectivity is quantified using seven parameters at both network and node levels. We find that link density, betweenness centrality and page rank centrality are highly sensitive to directionality; global efficiency and degree centrality are particularly sensitive to weights; and relative node efficiency remains unaffected by weights and directions. Our study underscores how network science approaches can transform how we quantify and understand water-mediated connectivity, especially in consideration of the role(s) of weights and directionality. This interdisciplinary perspective, linking ecology, hydrology and geomorphology, has implications for both theoretical insights and practical applications in environmental management and conservation efforts.

这项研究为理解生态系统中以水为媒介的复杂连通性提供了一个新视角,通过网络科学将景观生态学和地貌学联系起来。我们强调旱地生态系统和河流-洪泛平原生态系统是截然不同的水控系统。我们将:(1)讨论开发以水为媒介的结构连通性和功能连通性网络的核心考虑因素;(2)量化这些网络中出现的模式;以及(3)评估网络科学工具研究连通性特征的能力。以强度(权重)和方向为重点,在网络和节点层面使用七个参数对连通性进行量化。我们发现,链接密度、关联度中心性和页面等级中心性对方向性高度敏感;全局效率和度中心性对权重特别敏感;相对节点效率不受权重和方向的影响。我们的研究强调了网络科学方法如何改变我们量化和理解以水为媒介的连通性的方式,特别是在考虑权重和方向性的作用时。这种跨学科视角将生态学、水文学和地貌学联系在一起,对环境管理和保护工作中的理论见解和实际应用都有影响。
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引用次数: 0
Study of biological quality of lake waters based on phycocyanin using tree-based methodologies 利用基于树的方法研究基于藻蓝蛋白的湖水生物质量
IF 2.5 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1002/eco.2688
Marwan Kheimi, Mohammad Almadani, Abdollah Ramezani-Charmahineh, Mohammad Zounemat-Kermani

The provision of drinking water, agricultural, and industrial applications by reservoirs has made lake exploration and monitoring unavoidable. The features of the ecosystem, particularly physical and chemical elements, influence the evaluation of the quality of water resources. Lakes undergo extensive qualitative changes due to their vast amount of water. In general, these bodies of water represent geological conditions as well as water contamination produced by natural and human activities. In the present research, the prediction of the amount of phycocyanin (fPC) in the water of Lake Michigan has been implemented employing four tree-based machine learning techniques based on seasonality factors. Phycocyanin has significant effects on quality parameters such as turbidity, chlorophyll concentration, algal bloom, and dissolved oxygen in water by affecting the photosynthesis process of algae. Therefore, in this study, the prediction of the amount of phycocyanin dissolved in the lake water using the mentioned variables, along with the temperature of the water, specific conductance, and pH, has been able to interpret the quality of the water and the occurrence of phenomena such as algal blooms. The results of the models in predicting fPCs equal to 0.44 and 0.55 μg/L were consistent with the natural conditions of the lake, and it seems that ensemble tree–based models, along with the biological index of fPC, formed the right combination of input and output parameters in modeling and obtained the lowest prediction error (root-mean-square error [RMSE] boosted trees = 0.0140 and RMSE random forests = 0.0141 μg/L).

水库提供的饮用水、农业和工业应用使得湖泊勘探和监测变得不可避免。生态系统的特征,尤其是物理和化学元素,影响着对水资源质量的评估。由于水量巨大,湖泊会发生广泛的质变。一般来说,这些水体代表了地质条件以及自然和人类活动造成的水污染。本研究根据季节性因素,采用四种基于树的机器学习技术,对密歇根湖水中的藻蓝蛋白(fPC)含量进行了预测。藻蓝蛋白通过影响藻类的光合作用过程,对水中的浊度、叶绿素浓度、藻类繁殖和溶解氧等水质参数有显著影响。因此,在本研究中,利用上述变量预测湖水中的藻蓝蛋白溶解量,再加上水温、比导和 pH 值,就能解释水质和藻华等现象的发生。这些模型预测 fPC 为 0.44 和 0.55 μg/L 的结果与该湖泊的自然条件一致,而且基于集合树的模型与 fPC 的生物指标似乎形成了建模中输入和输出参数的正确组合,并获得了最低的预测误差(均方根误差 [RMSE] 提升树 = 0.0140 和均方根误差随机森林 = 0.0141 μg/L)。
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Ecohydrology
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