Computers and Geotechnics最新文献_第8页

Beyond depth-direction segregation: Independent flow-direction mechanisms drive size segregation in granular flows 超越深度方向偏析：独立的流动方向机制驱动颗粒流的尺寸偏析

IF 6.2 1区工程技术 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Computers and Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2026.107901

Yuanjun Jiang , Yuanjia Zhu

Granular flows often exhibit size segregation along both the depth and flow-directions, yet the mechanisms driving segregation in the flow-direction remain poorly resolved. Using three-dimensional discrete element simulations, two intrinsic flow-direction segregation mechanisms that operate independently of depth-direction stratification: forward kinetic sieving, in which smaller particles advance due to higher granular temperature and geometric mobility, and shear-induced migration, in which larger particles with stronger contact networks transmit shear more efficiently and move forward. These mechanisms are distinct from secondary forward advection, where large particles elevated into faster surface layers by depth-direction segregation are subsequently carried downslope. The dominance of flow-direction segregation is shown to depend on the temporal stage of depth-direction structuring: forward kinetic sieving prevails during early stratification, whereas shear-induced migration governs once depth segregation stabilizes. Based on these insights, a continuum framework is developed that, for the first time, couples depth- and flow-direction segregation into a unified model, demonstrating strong agreement with simulation results. The findings clarify the bidirectional interplay of granular segregation and improve predictive modeling of hazard-related granular flows.

颗粒流通常在深度和流动方向上都表现出尺寸偏析，但在流动方向上驱动偏析的机制仍然没有得到很好的解决。通过三维离散元模拟，发现了两种独立于深度方向分层的内在流动方向偏析机制：正向动力筛分，其中小颗粒由于更高的颗粒温度和几何迁移率而前进；剪切诱导迁移，其中具有更强接触网络的大颗粒更有效地传递剪切并向前移动。这些机制不同于次级正向平流，在次级正向平流中，大颗粒通过深度方向偏析上升到更快的表层，随后被带到下坡。流向偏析的优势取决于深度方向构造的时间阶段：在分层早期，正向动力筛分盛行，而一旦深度偏析稳定下来，剪切诱导的运移起主导作用。基于这些见解，研究人员开发了一个连续体框架，首次将深度和流向分离耦合到一个统一的模型中，与模拟结果非常吻合。研究结果阐明了颗粒偏析的双向相互作用，并改进了与危险相关的颗粒流动的预测模型。

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引用次数: 0

Arc forward intersection decomposition: an exact and efficient algorithm for convex polyhedral contact detection 圆弧正交分解：一种精确高效的凸多面体接触检测算法

IF 6.2 1区工程技术 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Computers and Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107886

Zheng-Shun Su , Chien-Chia Liu , Chuin-Shan Chen , Shu-Wei Chang

Contact detection between convex polyhedra is a central challenge in discrete element method (DEM) simulations. The common plane (CP) approach provides a rigorous framework, and the non-iterative CP formulation by Chang and Chen (2008) guarantees exact solutions. However, its direct implementation has been hindered by high computational complexity. To overcome this bottleneck, this paper introduces the Arc Forward Intersection Decomposition (AFID) algorithm, a novel procedure that achieves both exactness and efficiency in CP contact detection. AFID reduces the complexity of Gaussian map merging to near-linear order by selectively decomposing arc intersections through localized searches based on control vertex data. Numerical experiments demonstrate that AFID consistently identifies the true global maximum of the gap function while significantly reducing computational time, outperforming traditional iterative schemes that are prone to local extrema. Moreover, AFID is especially advantageous for geometrically complex models because it focuses only on the arc intersections that determine contact. By enabling exact and scalable polyhedral contact detection, AFID establishes a robust foundation for large-scale DEM simulations and for constructing benchmark datasets with ground truth, which are essential for advancing AI-based approaches to contact modelling.

凸多面体之间的接触检测是离散元法（DEM）仿真中的核心问题。公共平面（CP）方法提供了一个严格的框架，Chang和Chen（2008）的非迭代CP公式保证了精确的解。然而，它的直接实现一直受到高计算复杂度的阻碍。为了克服这一瓶颈，本文引入了圆弧正交分解算法，这是一种既精确又高效的接触检测方法。AFID通过基于控制顶点数据的局部搜索，有选择地分解圆弧交点，从而降低高斯映射合并到近线性阶的复杂度。数值实验表明，AFID在显著减少计算时间的同时，能够一致地识别间隙函数的真正全局最大值，优于容易出现局部极值的传统迭代方案。此外，AFID对于几何复杂的模型特别有利，因为它只关注确定接触的弧相交。通过实现精确和可扩展的多面体接触检测，AFID为大规模DEM模拟和构建具有地面真实值的基准数据集奠定了坚实的基础，这对于推进基于人工智能的接触建模方法至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

An adaptive multiscale cohesive phase-field method for hydraulic fracturing in cleat-developed coal seams 清洁发育煤层水力压裂自适应多尺度黏结相场法

IF 6.2 1区工程技术 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Computers and Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107890

Jianping Liu , Liangping Yi , Zhaozhong Yang , Duo Yi , Xiaogang Li , Jianxin Fang

Hydraulic fracturing in cleat-developed coal seams is a multiscale problem involving both the opening behavior of cleats at the fine scale and the hydraulic fractures propagation at the macro scale. Traditional damage mechanics models fail to simultaneously describe fracture evolution across different scales. To address this limitation, this study proposes an adaptive cohesive phase-field model based on the multiscale finite element framework. Multiscale basis functions for the field variables are individually constructed by solving local linear boundary value problems, serving to transfer the degrees of freedom between the fine and coarse meshes. These basis functions from all coarse elements are then assembled into the global stiffness matrix and load vector, similar to the traditional finite element method, enabling multiscale computation on the coarse mesh. To alleviate the computational burden associated with the multiscale damage model, an adaptive mesh refinement technique is proposed. This technique utilizes the phase-field variable and its time derivative as refinement criteria to refine the mesh in the primary fracture region and the impending fracture region, respectively. The required refinement level is determined through a benchmark test, which demonstrates its effectiveness in significantly enhancing computational efficiency. Finally, the fracture initiation mechanisms and propagation patterns in cleat-developed coal seams are investigated from the fine scale and the macro scale, respectively.

裂隙发育煤层水力压裂是一个多尺度问题，既涉及裂隙在细观尺度上的开启行为，也涉及裂隙在宏观尺度上的扩展。传统的损伤力学模型无法同时描述不同尺度的断裂演化。为了解决这一局限性，本研究提出了一种基于多尺度有限元框架的自适应内聚相场模型。通过求解局部线性边值问题，分别构造了场变量的多尺度基函数，实现了精细网格和粗网格之间的自由度转换。然后将所有粗单元的这些基函数组装成全局刚度矩阵和载荷向量，类似于传统的有限元方法，可以在粗网格上进行多尺度计算。为了减轻多尺度损伤模型的计算负担，提出了一种自适应网格细化技术。该技术利用相场变量及其时间导数作为细化准则，分别对主裂缝区域和临裂缝区域的网格进行细化。通过基准测试确定了所需的细化水平，证明了该方法在显著提高计算效率方面的有效性。最后，分别从细尺度和宏观尺度研究了裂隙发育煤层的起裂机制和扩展模式。

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引用次数: 0

Modeling of hydraulic fracturing process in crystalline rock reflecting actual mineral distribution using FDEM based on extrinsic cohesive zone model 基于外在黏性带模型的FDEM结晶岩水力压裂过程模拟

IF 6.2 1区工程技术 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Computers and Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107873

Yutaro Maeda , Sho Ogata , Daisuke Fukuda , Naoki Kinoshita , Hideaki Yasuhara , Kaisei Ishii , Atsushi Okamoto , Shunya Okino , Toru Inui , Hongyuan Liu , Kiyoshi Kishida

A grain-based model (GBM) replicating the exact mineral distribution of the experimental specimen was constructed, and hydraulic fracturing simulations were conducted using the finite–discrete element method (FDEM), enabling direct comparison with laboratory observations. To leverage FDEM’s ability to represent fracture surfaces explicitly, the GBM incorporated the mineral boundary geometries directly into the mesh. An extrinsic cohesive zone model (ECZM) was adopted to improve stress representation, and verification demonstrated that ECZM avoided the artificial stress oscillations characteristic of the Intrinsic CZM (ICZM). Simulations of Brazilian tensile strength tests and hydraulic fracturing tests exhibited both intergranular and transgranular cracking, producing tortuous fracture paths, and the resulting fracture metrics agreed with experiments. The analyses further revealed that fracture propagation pathways are controlled by the interplay between the stress concentration at the fracture tip and the local mineral strength. This framework provides a robust tool for investigating fracture processes in heterogeneous crystalline rock.

建立了精确复制实验试样矿物分布的颗粒模型（GBM），并使用有限离散元法（FDEM）进行水力压裂模拟，以便与实验室观察结果进行直接比较。为了利用FDEM明确表示裂缝表面的能力，GBM将矿物边界几何图形直接合并到网格中。采用外在黏结区模型（ECZM）改善应力表示，验证结果表明，ECZM避免了内禀黏结区（ICZM）的人为应力振荡特性。巴西抗拉强度试验和水力压裂试验的模拟显示了沿晶和穿晶开裂，产生了弯曲的裂缝路径，由此得出的裂缝指标与实验结果一致。进一步分析表明，断裂扩展路径受断裂尖端应力集中与局部矿物强度的相互作用控制。这个框架为研究非均质结晶岩石的断裂过程提供了一个强有力的工具。

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引用次数: 0

Numerical simulation of cone penetration tests in loose unsaturated soils 松散非饱和土中锥突试验数值模拟

IF 6.2 1区工程技术 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Computers and Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107874

Lluís Monforte , Marcos Arroyo , Antonio Gens

Cone penetration tests (CPTu) are frequently performed in soils that are not fully saturated. Test results are strongly affected by partial saturation but it is not well understood how those changes come about and how are they related to unsaturated soil behavior. A special difficulty relates to water flow conditions around the probe, which are affected not just by intrinsic soil permeability but also by the unsaturated soil condition. Numerical simulation is here employed to explore the relation between partly saturated soil conditions and CPTu measurements. Simulations employ the particle finite element method (PFEM) to represent cone penetration in a material described by a finite strain elasto-plastic critical state model extended to partly saturated conditions. Model parameters are chosen to represent loose soils of low plasticity. A systematic parametric study is carried out to explore the effect of suction levels and soil intrinsic permeability on cone response. Backbone curves for changes in tip resistance, sleeve friction and recorded pore pressure with normalized cone velocity are presented. It is shown how the transition between constant suction and constant water content conditions generalizes the drained to undrained transition of saturated soils. The effect of initial suction, water retention and suction hardening on the backbone curves is presented. The conditions in which an advancing cone re-saturates the soil and records positive pore pressure are clarified.

锥贯入试验（CPTu）经常在不完全饱和的土壤中进行。试验结果受到部分饱和的强烈影响，但这些变化是如何发生的以及它们与非饱和土行为的关系尚不清楚。一个特殊的困难涉及到水在探头周围的流动条件，这不仅受到固有的土壤渗透性，而且受到非饱和土壤条件的影响。本文采用数值模拟方法探讨了部分饱和土壤条件与CPTu测量值之间的关系。模拟采用颗粒有限元法（PFEM），用有限应变弹塑性临界状态模型扩展到部分饱和状态来描述材料中的锥突。选择模型参数来表示低塑性的松散土。通过系统的参数研究，探讨了吸力水平和土壤固有渗透性对锥响应的影响。给出了归一化锥速度下尖端阻力、套筒摩擦和记录孔隙压力变化的主干曲线。说明了恒定吸力和恒定含水量条件之间的过渡如何推广了饱和土的排水到不排水的过渡。研究了初始吸力、保水性和吸力硬化对骨架曲线的影响。阐明了前进锥重新饱和土壤并记录正孔隙压力的条件。

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引用次数: 0

Probabilistic stratigraphic modeling of waste soil landfills using multiple UAV data 基于多无人机数据的废土填埋场概率地层建模

IF 6.2 1区工程技术 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Computers and Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2026.107903

Shuairong Wang , Shuai Zhang , Haoquan Wang , Hui Wang , Fan Zhang , Ping Shen , Wei Yan , Wenjun Zhang , Zhuofeng Li , Liangtong Zhan

Rapid urbanization has caused numerous waste soil landfills. While most stratigraphic modeling has focused on natural geological formations, the stratigraphic characteristics of man-made landfills remain underexplored, posing potential safety risks. This study aims to characterize the stratigraphic heterogeneity and model the stratigraphic configuration of waste soils using multiple unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) data. The reverse stockpiling method, combined with a progressive front dumping strategy, forms inclined dumping surfaces and produces rotated anisotropic strata in landfills. A novel UAV-based stratigraphic modeling method is developed to encode these anisotropic features and perform the stratigraphic interpolation by integrating Markov random fields and Bayesian approaches. UAV imagery is used to interpret the spatial distribution of visible soils. Three anisotropic potential functions are custom-designed to reflect the spatial constraint structure of inclined strata. Bayesian model comparison approach identifies model parameters, i.e., spatial correlation lengths, and selects the most plausible potential functions and stratigraphic profiles. The method is validated through a real-world landfill case. Results show the largest spatial correlation length along the strike direction of the inclined surface, followed by the dip direction, and the smallest along the normal direction, reflecting the level of anisotropy. Simulated stratigraphic profiles align with the observed inclined stratum structure in fields. This study provides a new approach and a good dataset for modeling the stratigraphic heterogeneity of waste soil, contributing to the safety assessment of man-made landfills.

快速的城市化造成了大量的废土填埋。虽然大多数地层模拟都集中在自然地质构造上，但人造垃圾填埋场的地层特征仍未得到充分研究，存在潜在的安全风险。利用多架无人机（UAV）数据对废土的地层非均质性进行了表征，并建立了废土的地层构型模型。反向堆积法与前缘递进排土法相结合，形成倾斜排土面，并在填埋场内形成旋转各向异性地层。提出了一种新的基于无人机的地层建模方法，对这些各向异性特征进行编码，并结合马尔可夫随机场和贝叶斯方法进行地层插值。无人机图像用于解释可见土壤的空间分布。为反映倾斜地层的空间约束结构，定制了3个各向异性势函数。贝叶斯模型比较方法识别模型参数，即空间相关长度，选择最合理的潜在函数和地层剖面。通过实际垃圾填埋场实例验证了该方法的有效性。结果表明，沿倾斜面走向的空间相关长度最大，沿倾斜方向的空间相关长度次之，沿法向的空间相关长度最小，反映了各向异性的程度。模拟的地层剖面与现场观测到的倾斜地层结构一致。该研究为模拟废弃土壤的地层异质性提供了一种新的方法和良好的数据集，有助于人工填埋场的安全性评估。

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引用次数: 0

A rapid packing method for Sphere Discontinuous Deformation Analysis (SDDA) simulation of confined compression of crushable ballast 球形非连续变形分析（SDDA）模拟可破碎压载物侧限压缩的快速填充方法

IF 6.2 1区工程技术 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Computers and Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107887

Chen-Xi Tong , Xiao-Yi Qi , Hong-Wei Liu , Gang-Hai Huang , Hai-Chao Li , Sheng Zhang

The computational efficiency of modelling irregular particles has always been a challenge, particularly when particle breakage needs to be considered. This paper first proposes a novel particle packing method for ballast samples based on the Monte Carlo, dichotomy, and random iteration methods for reducing particle contact, minimizing the gravitational potential energy, and optimizing the spatial position of ballast particles. The packing method is then applied to one-dimensional compression tests of ballast samples within the Sphere Discontinuous Deformation Analysis (SDDA) framework. The differences in the crushing behaviour of ballast particles with varying shapes under various contact conditions are investigated. The results indicate a distinct three-stage crushing process for the ballast samples. In the initial compaction stage, particle rearrangement and corner damage without penetrating fracture are observed. A sharp force increases with significant fluctuations, and penetrating fractures, including primary, secondary, and tertiary types, are observed during the rapid development stage. The sample reaches a structurally stable state due to the cessation of particle fracture. Furthermore, the crushing behaviour of ballast particles is strongly influenced by inter-particle interactions, leading to characteristics that differ from single-particle simulations.

不规则颗粒建模的计算效率一直是一个挑战，特别是当需要考虑颗粒破碎时。本文首先提出了一种基于蒙特卡罗法、二分法和随机迭代法的粒子填充方法，以减少粒子接触、最小化重力势能、优化粒子空间位置。然后将填料方法应用于球形非连续变形分析（SDDA）框架内的压载物样品的一维压缩试验。研究了不同形状的压载颗粒在不同接触条件下的破碎特性差异。结果表明，压舱物试样具有明显的三阶段破碎过程。在初始压实阶段，观察到颗粒重排和角部损伤，但未出现穿透性断裂。在快速发育阶段，可观察到穿透性裂缝，包括原生裂缝、次生裂缝和第三型裂缝。由于颗粒断裂停止，样品达到结构稳定状态。此外，压载颗粒的破碎行为受到颗粒间相互作用的强烈影响，导致不同于单颗粒模拟的特征。

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引用次数: 0

Numerical investigation of thermo-mechanical behavior of pre-bored grouted planted geothermal energy piles 预钻孔灌浆种植地热能桩热力学性能数值研究

IF 6.2 1区工程技术 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Computers and Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107889

Yang Lou , Pengfei Fang , Rihong Zhang , Xinyu Xie , Anfeng Hu , Zhongjin Wang , Bosen Wan

Pre-bored grouted planted geothermal energy piles are a novel foundation with a composite enlarged base structure, which introduces complex thermo-mechanical behavior. Based on a field-validated 3D finite element model, this paper investigates the non-uniform cross-sectional response and how the geometric features of the composite enlarged base structure influence the thermo-mechanical behavior. The results reveal significant non-uniform distributions of cross-sectional temperature and stress. Under single-U asymmetric heating (60 W/m), the peak temperature and stress reach up to 3.0 and 2.3 times their respective averages. This non-uniformity leads to a 50 % probability that a conventional single point analysis may underestimate the peak stress by over 64 %, challenging structural monitoring and stress assessment. Furthermore, a parametric analysis of the composite structure geometry (including cemented soil diameter, enlarged base diameter, and height) shows that the thermally-induced null point (TNP) is bounded by two limiting cases: a straight pile with no enlarged base (upper limit) and a pile with a full-length enlarged shaft (lower limit). Increasing the geometric dimensions of the structure shifts the TNP toward its lower limit. The influence of the diameters is approximately linear, while the effect of the base height decays exponentially. These findings offer new insights into the thermo-mechanical behavior of composite geothermal energy piles with enlarged base structures, providing a scientific basis for their refined design and safety assessment.

预钻孔灌浆种植地热能桩是一种新型的复合扩基结构基础，其热力学性能复杂。基于现场验证的三维有限元模型，研究了复合材料放大基础结构的非均匀截面响应及几何特征对其热力学行为的影响。结果表明，截面温度和应力分布明显不均匀。在单u不对称加热（60 W/m）条件下，峰值温度和峰值应力分别达到平均值的3.0倍和2.3倍。这种不均匀性导致传统的单点分析有50%的可能性低估峰值应力超过64%，这给结构监测和应力评估带来了挑战。此外，复合结构几何参数分析（包括胶结土直径、扩大基础直径和高度）表明，热致零点（TNP）有两种极限情况：不扩大基础的直桩（上限）和扩大全长轴的桩（下限）。增加结构的几何尺寸使TNP向其下限移动。直径的影响近似为线性，而基座高度的影响呈指数衰减。这些研究结果为进一步认识扩大基础结构复合地热能桩的热力学特性提供了新的思路，为其优化设计和安全评价提供了科学依据。

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引用次数: 0

Unveiling rock heterogeneity-driven multiphysics field coupling mechanisms under microwave radiation by 3D numerical study 通过三维数值研究揭示微波辐射下岩石非均质性驱动的多物理场耦合机制

IF 6.2 1区工程技术 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Computers and Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107881

Run Shi, Jian Zhao

Microwave-assisted hard rock breakage technique can promote the excavation efficiency in a sustainable way. While beneficial, its complex and unclear multiphysics coupling mechanism limits its application and precise control. We qualitatively and quantitively analyse the involving Electromagnetic(E)-Thermal(T)-Mechanical(M) coupling mechanism from macro to meso-perspectives via a novel 3D high-fidelity heterogeneous rock numerical study. The results show that rock heterogeneity has a significant disturbing effect on the multiphysics field, with the maximum disturbance degree reaching 345.92 % in electromagnetic loss density, 12.48 % in temperature, and 104.96 % in first principal strain. Furthermore, microwave power intensity can amplify the disturbance effect of rock heterogeneity, as quantified by the Disturbance Amplification Factor (DAF), which under high intensity 6 kW microwave radiation for 1 min amplified the effect 6 times of electromagnetic field, 3.22 ∼ 4.44 times of thermal field, 1.98 ∼ 2.31 times of mechanical field, compared with the 1 kW for 6 min condition. This amplification effect decays along the ETM pathway, where microwave power nonlinearly intensifies multifield disturbances initially driven by mineral dielectric disparity. The multifield presents a 3D high core area coupling relation from the macroscopic level, and the spatio-temporal anchoring effect of mineral components under microwave radiation was dissected through time evolution analysis from the mesoscopic level. This approach reveals the multifield coupling laws and highlights the rock heterogeneity effects, which provide a foundation for target control strategies for future microwave rock breakage.

微波辅助硬岩破岩技术可以可持续地提高开挖效率。但其多物理场耦合机理复杂且不明确，限制了其应用和精确控制。通过一种新颖的三维高保真非均质岩石数值研究，从宏观到细观，定性和定量地分析了电磁(E)-热(T)-力学(M)耦合机制。结果表明：岩石非均质性对多物理场扰动显著，电磁损耗密度、温度和第一主应变扰动程度分别达到345.92%、12.48%和104.96%；此外，微波功率强度可以放大岩石非均质性的干扰效应，用干扰放大系数（DAF）量化，在高强度6 kW微波辐射1 min下，与1 kW 6 min条件相比，电磁场效应放大6倍，热场效应放大3.22 ~ 4.44倍，机械场效应放大1.98 ~ 2.31倍。这种放大效应沿着ETM路径衰减，其中微波功率非线性地增强了最初由矿物介电差驱动的多场干扰。多场从宏观层面呈现出三维高核心区耦合关系，从细观层面通过时间演化分析剖析了微波辐射作用下矿物组分的时空锚定效应。该方法揭示了多场耦合规律，突出了岩石的非均质性效应，为今后微波破岩的目标控制策略提供了依据。

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引用次数: 0

Numerical manifold method for the transient HMC fully coupled model in triple-layer composite liners 三层复合材料衬里瞬态HMC全耦合模型的数值流形方法

IF 6.2 1区工程技术 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS

Computers and Geotechnics

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107884

Shuqing Wang, Hong Zheng

A triple-layer liner composed of a geomembrane (GMB), a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL), and a compacted clay liner (CCL) is widely adopted in landfill liner systems to impede leachate migration, resulting in a typically inhomogeneous problem. In this study, a fully coupled three-field (u-p-c) formulation is established for GMB/GCL/CCL composite liners. Then, a numerical manifold method (NMM) is developed to address the drawbacks of the finite element method in weakly discontinuous porous media, including the need for interface-fitted meshes, the difficulty in capturing derivative discontinuities, and the element distortion caused by cover cutting. Nonetheless, this also raises the issue of how to enforce the interface continuity of approximations to displacement (u), pore pressure (p), and pollutant concentration (c). Unlike the situation where only a physical field is involved, in which interface continuity can be approximated by either the penalty method or Lagrange multiplier methods, it is difficult to find a proper set of penalties for the coupled variables u, p and c. In this study, this difficulty is overcome by constructing the approximations of u, p and c such that they exactly satisfy the interface continuity conditions. As a result, it avoids the cover-cutting induced by interfaces as well as the need for penalty parameters or Lagrange multipliers. Numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed method can accurately simulate solute migration in composite liners and reveal solute migration characteristics, providing valuable guidance for the improvement of liner materials.

由土工膜（GMB）、土工合成粘土衬垫（GCL）和压实粘土衬垫（CCL）组成的三层衬垫被广泛应用于垃圾填埋场衬垫系统中，以阻止渗滤液的迁移，从而导致典型的不均匀问题。本研究建立了GMB/GCL/CCL复合衬垫的全耦合三场（u-p-c）配方。然后，提出了一种数值流形方法（NMM），以解决有限元方法在弱不连续多孔介质中的缺点，包括需要界面拟合网格，难以捕获导数不连续以及覆盖切割引起的单元变形。尽管如此，这也提出了如何加强位移(u)、孔隙压力(p)和污染物浓度(c)近似的界面连续性的问题。与只涉及物理场的情况不同，在这种情况下，可以用惩罚法或拉格朗日乘子法来近似界面连续性，但对于耦合变量u， p和c，很难找到合适的惩罚集。在本研究中，通过构造u， p和c的近似，使其完全满足界面连续性条件，克服了这一困难。因此，它避免了由界面引起的覆盖切割以及对惩罚参数或拉格朗日乘子的需要。数值算例表明，该方法能较准确地模拟复合材料衬垫中溶质的迁移，揭示溶质迁移特性，为衬垫材料的改进提供有价值的指导。

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引用次数: 0