This study investigated the behavioral and physiological responses of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii in relation to fighting activity, aiming to elucidate how energy metabolism varies across locomotory organs under different combat durations. Based on observed fighting times, individuals were divided into control (no fighting), short-duration (16.67 ± 8.22 min), and long-duration (38.33 ± 9.65 min) groups. The movement frequency of the second pereiopods, pleopods, and uropods, along with energy substrates and metabolic enzyme activities in these appendages and abdominal muscles, was analyzed. Results showed that the second pereiopods exhibited the most pronounced increase in beating frequency during prolonged fighting, followed by pleopods and uropods, reflecting their hierarchical involvement in locomotion and aggression. Glycogen content decreased significantly with fighting duration, with the greatest depletion observed in the second pereiopods (up to 36.78 %), compared to moderate decreases in pleopods and abdominal muscles. This indicates a dominant metabolic burden on primary combat appendages. Long-duration fighting induced significant increases in lactate levels, as well as hexokinase (HK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in the second pereiopods and abdominal muscles, suggesting a shift toward anaerobic metabolism. In contrast, short-duration fighting was characterized by elevated malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activities in the second pereiopods and pleopods, reflecting reliance on aerobic pathways. These results demonstrate that M. rosenbergii adopts organ-specific metabolic strategies during aggression. This mechanistic insight lays the groundwork for future aquaculture applications involving behavioral conditioning, dietary interventions, and selective breeding to reduce energy loss and improve animal welfare in intensive farming systems.
{"title":"Metabolic biochemistry of the fighting limbs and muscles of the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, reflects agonistic behavior","authors":"Jiangtao Li, Zheng Xiao, Kexuan Zhang, Zhongjie You, Licheng Zeng, Li Lin, Xiaojing Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the behavioral and physiological responses of the freshwater prawn <em>Macrobrachium rosenbergii</em> in relation to fighting activity, aiming to elucidate how energy metabolism varies across locomotory organs under different combat durations. Based on observed fighting times, individuals were divided into control (no fighting), short-duration (16.67 ± 8.22 min), and long-duration (38.33 ± 9.65 min) groups. The movement frequency of the second pereiopods, pleopods, and uropods, along with energy substrates and metabolic enzyme activities in these appendages and abdominal muscles, was analyzed. Results showed that the second pereiopods exhibited the most pronounced increase in beating frequency during prolonged fighting, followed by pleopods and uropods, reflecting their hierarchical involvement in locomotion and aggression. Glycogen content decreased significantly with fighting duration, with the greatest depletion observed in the second pereiopods (up to 36.78 %), compared to moderate decreases in pleopods and abdominal muscles. This indicates a dominant metabolic burden on primary combat appendages. Long-duration fighting induced significant increases in lactate levels, as well as hexokinase (HK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in the second pereiopods and abdominal muscles, suggesting a shift toward anaerobic metabolism. In contrast, short-duration fighting was characterized by elevated malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and cytochrome <em>c</em> oxidase (COX) activities in the second pereiopods and pleopods, reflecting reliance on aerobic pathways. These results demonstrate that <em>M. rosenbergii</em> adopts organ-specific metabolic strategies during aggression. This mechanistic insight lays the groundwork for future aquaculture applications involving behavioral conditioning, dietary interventions, and selective breeding to reduce energy loss and improve animal welfare in intensive farming systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 111137"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kuruma shrimp (Penaeus japonicus) exhibits sand-diving behaviour. The genetic control mechanism of this behaviour is still unclear, although previous single-cell transcriptome sequencing suggests that crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) may be involved. In this study, we cloned the CCAP precursor cDNA (Pj-CCAP) in kuruma shrimp. It was predicted that the gene can be translated into four related peptides and one mature peptide (PFCNAFTGC-NH2), and is highly similar to crustaceans and insects. The predicted Pj-CCAP itself is highly conserved in other crustaceans. RT-qPCR and in situ hybridization analysis showed that Pj-CCAP was most highly expressed in muscle tissue. RNA interference and gene overexpression were used to assess the relationship between Pj-CCAP expression and sand-diving behaviour of shrimp. The results showed that at 6 h post-treatment, the sand-diving rate in the RNA interference group was significantly lower than that in the control group, while the heart rate of shrimp subjected to RNA interference was also significantly, but recovered to baseline levels within 12 h post-treatment. Overexpression resulted in a lower sand diving rate, and a transient increase in heart rate. The results suggest that Pj-CCAP is potentially a negative regulator of sand diving behaviour of kuruma shrimp, and may have an important role in regulating its physiological rhythms and behavioural patterns.
{"title":"Crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) negatively regulates sand-diving behaviour in kuruma shrimp, Penaeus japonicus","authors":"Xinyu Zhou , Jiahan Yu , Huimin Zhang , Yang Zhang , Panpan Wang , Jing Xu , Fei Yu , Jianxin Zhang , Qingqi Zhang , Wazir Ali Baloch , Huan Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Kuruma shrimp (<em>Penaeus japonicus</em>) exhibits sand-diving behaviour. The genetic control mechanism of this behaviour is still unclear, although previous single-cell transcriptome sequencing suggests that crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) may be involved. In this study, we cloned the CCAP precursor cDNA (<em>Pj-CCAP</em>) in kuruma shrimp. It was predicted that the gene can be translated into four related peptides and one mature peptide (PFCNAFTGC-NH2), and is highly similar to crustaceans and insects. The predicted <em>Pj-CCAP</em> itself is highly conserved in other crustaceans. RT-qPCR and in situ hybridization analysis showed that <em>Pj-CCAP</em> was most highly expressed in muscle tissue. RNA interference and gene overexpression were used to assess the relationship between <em>Pj-CCAP</em> expression and sand-diving behaviour of shrimp. The results showed that at 6 h post-treatment, the sand-diving rate in the RNA interference group was significantly lower than that in the control group, while the heart rate of shrimp subjected to RNA interference was also significantly, but recovered to baseline levels within 12 h post-treatment. Overexpression resulted in a lower sand diving rate, and a transient increase in heart rate. The results suggest that <em>Pj-CCAP</em> is potentially a negative regulator of sand diving behaviour of kuruma shrimp, and may have an important role in regulating its physiological rhythms and behavioural patterns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 111143"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144857096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-08-05DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111139
Ghanbar Sirpoor, Ahmad Noori, Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar, Marina Paolucci
This study examined the effects of mint (Mentha piperita L.) leaf extract (MLE) on the growth, immune responses, antioxidant activity, and hemolymph biochemical parameters in green tiger shrimp (Penaeus semisulcatus) under standard water chemistry and ammonia stress conditions. Four dietary treatments were established: a control and three MLE concentrations (0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg diet). A total of 240 shrimp (initial weight 9.22 ± 0.97 g) were distributed into 12 tanks and fed for eight weeks before ammonia challenge. The results indicated that MLE supplementation did not significantly affect growth performance. Phenoloxidase (PO) activity decreased at the MLE2 level, while lysozyme (Lys) activity increased in both the MLE1 and MLE2 groups compared to control. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly elevated in the MLE2 group, whereas total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) activities remained unchanged. The activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) all decreased in at least one MLE exposure group. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity increased in all MLE groups. After ammonia stress, antioxidant parameters increased in all MLE groups, except for CAT. Activities of ALT and AST were significantly increased in all MLE-supplemented groups. However, LDH and ALP activities were significantly elevated only in MLE1 and MLE2 groups, while ACP activity showed a significant increase solely in MLE1 group compared to control. These results suggest MLE acts primarily as an antioxidant stimulant in P. semisulcatus.
{"title":"Effects of mint (Mentha piperita L.) leaf extract on growth performance, immune and antioxidant responses in green Tiger shrimp (Penaeus semisulcatus).","authors":"Ghanbar Sirpoor, Ahmad Noori, Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar, Marina Paolucci","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the effects of mint (Mentha piperita L.) leaf extract (MLE) on the growth, immune responses, antioxidant activity, and hemolymph biochemical parameters in green tiger shrimp (Penaeus semisulcatus) under standard water chemistry and ammonia stress conditions. Four dietary treatments were established: a control and three MLE concentrations (0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg diet). A total of 240 shrimp (initial weight 9.22 ± 0.97 g) were distributed into 12 tanks and fed for eight weeks before ammonia challenge. The results indicated that MLE supplementation did not significantly affect growth performance. Phenoloxidase (PO) activity decreased at the MLE2 level, while lysozyme (Lys) activity increased in both the MLE1 and MLE2 groups compared to control. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly elevated in the MLE2 group, whereas total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) activities remained unchanged. The activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) all decreased in at least one MLE exposure group. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity increased in all MLE groups. After ammonia stress, antioxidant parameters increased in all MLE groups, except for CAT. Activities of ALT and AST were significantly increased in all MLE-supplemented groups. However, LDH and ALP activities were significantly elevated only in MLE1 and MLE2 groups, while ACP activity showed a significant increase solely in MLE1 group compared to control. These results suggest MLE acts primarily as an antioxidant stimulant in P. semisulcatus.</p>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":" ","pages":"111139"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144785987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-08-06DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111140
Veronica Rivi, Anuradha Batabyal, Grace Pele, Kate Yakubets, Roberto Dominici, Johanna Maria Catharina Blom, Fabio Tascedda, Cristina Benatti, Ken Lukowiak
Understanding how environmental stressors influence memory formation is essential for evaluating the ecological and toxicological impacts of pollution on animal behavior. Using Lymnaea stagnalis snails collected from a pollutant-exposed freshwater creek in Canada, we investigated how distinct stressors affect learning and memory abilities and their underlying molecular mechanisms. In one procedure, pairing an appetitive cue with a predator-mimicking mechanical stressor (shell clip) revealed intra-strain variability in memory formation: only a subset of snails formed aversive memory, evidenced by reduced feeding upon cue re-exposure. This behavioral divergence correlated with increased expression of oxidative stress markers and plasticity-related genes in the central nervous system. In contrast, pairing the same cue with acute heat shock, known to induce a sickness-like state, resulted in long-term memory formation only in snails showing upregulation of cellular stress, immune-related, and neuroplasticity genes. Thus, both the nature of the stressor and individual physiological state shape memory outcomes, with Lymnaea engaging stressor-specific molecular programs to support learning. Importantly, this work positions Lymnaea as a valuable sentinel species in behavioral ecotoxicology. The transcriptional markers identified, such as LymHSP70, LymTLR4, and LymP2X, may serve as sensitive indicators of learning and memory disruption by environmental contaminants. By integrating behavioral and gene expression analyses, this study offers a promising framework for investigating how natural and anthropogenic stressors affect cognition, with broad applications for environmental monitoring, toxicology, and conservation biology.
{"title":"Intrastrain variability in memory formation of freshly collected Lymnaea stagnalis: The influence of stressor type on memory.","authors":"Veronica Rivi, Anuradha Batabyal, Grace Pele, Kate Yakubets, Roberto Dominici, Johanna Maria Catharina Blom, Fabio Tascedda, Cristina Benatti, Ken Lukowiak","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding how environmental stressors influence memory formation is essential for evaluating the ecological and toxicological impacts of pollution on animal behavior. Using Lymnaea stagnalis snails collected from a pollutant-exposed freshwater creek in Canada, we investigated how distinct stressors affect learning and memory abilities and their underlying molecular mechanisms. In one procedure, pairing an appetitive cue with a predator-mimicking mechanical stressor (shell clip) revealed intra-strain variability in memory formation: only a subset of snails formed aversive memory, evidenced by reduced feeding upon cue re-exposure. This behavioral divergence correlated with increased expression of oxidative stress markers and plasticity-related genes in the central nervous system. In contrast, pairing the same cue with acute heat shock, known to induce a sickness-like state, resulted in long-term memory formation only in snails showing upregulation of cellular stress, immune-related, and neuroplasticity genes. Thus, both the nature of the stressor and individual physiological state shape memory outcomes, with Lymnaea engaging stressor-specific molecular programs to support learning. Importantly, this work positions Lymnaea as a valuable sentinel species in behavioral ecotoxicology. The transcriptional markers identified, such as LymHSP70, LymTLR4, and LymP2X, may serve as sensitive indicators of learning and memory disruption by environmental contaminants. By integrating behavioral and gene expression analyses, this study offers a promising framework for investigating how natural and anthropogenic stressors affect cognition, with broad applications for environmental monitoring, toxicology, and conservation biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":" ","pages":"111140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144785988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The more than 35 described biogenic polyamines have important roles in physiological processes ranging from acid-base buffering to the scavenging of oxygen free radicals. As such they have key cellular- and organismal-level functions in environmental adaptation, cell growth, cell differentiation, fertilization, and biomineralization. To determine cellular polyamine distribution profiles in animals at the base of the phylogenetic tree, the acid-extracted polyamines from cultured cells of a unicellular choanoflagellate and whole bodies of five multicellular invertebrate groups (total 20 species) were quantitatively analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography and high-performance gas chromatography. Both the choanoflagellate and hydra contained putrescine and spermidine. Diaminopropane, putrescine, cadaverine, norspermidine, spermidine, homospermidine, norspermine, spermine, thermospermine and agmatine were commonly identified among the other invertebrates. In unusual/rare polyamines, aminopropylhomospermidine, homospermine, caldopentamine and homopentamine were found in sponges; aminopropylhomospermidine and canavalmine in the comb jelly; canavalmine, aminopropylcanavalmine and homopyropentamine in jellyfishes; and canavalmine and homopyropentamine in sea anemones. However, long-chain polyamines were not found in soft corals.
{"title":"Polyamine distributions in invertebrates VI: Comparative cellular polyamine analysis of unicellular choanoflagellates and multicellular sponges, comb jellies, hydras, jellyfishes, sea anemones and soft corals","authors":"Koei Hamana , Hidenori Hayashi , Takemitsu Furuchi , Masaru Niitsu","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The more than 35 described biogenic polyamines have important roles in physiological processes ranging from acid-base buffering to the scavenging of oxygen free radicals. As such they have key cellular- and organismal-level functions in environmental adaptation, cell growth, cell differentiation, fertilization, and biomineralization. To determine cellular polyamine distribution profiles in animals at the base of the phylogenetic tree, the acid-extracted polyamines from cultured cells of a unicellular choanoflagellate and whole bodies of five multicellular invertebrate groups (total 20 species) were quantitatively analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography and high-performance gas chromatography. Both the choanoflagellate and hydra contained putrescine and spermidine. Diaminopropane, putrescine, cadaverine, norspermidine, spermidine, homospermidine, norspermine, spermine, thermospermine and agmatine were commonly identified among the other invertebrates. In unusual/rare polyamines, aminopropylhomospermidine, homospermine, caldopentamine and homopentamine were found in sponges; aminopropylhomospermidine and canavalmine in the comb jelly; canavalmine, aminopropylcanavalmine and homopyropentamine in jellyfishes; and canavalmine and homopyropentamine in sea anemones. However, long-chain polyamines were not found in soft corals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 111141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144796201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-08-30DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111152
Haruna Amano , Juna Kamoshita , Masami Ishimoto , Minami Arai , Mitsuru Jimbo , Ko Yasumoto , Go Suzuki
Three egg proteins (EP1, EP2, and EP3) were detected in ovulated eggs of Acropora aff. tenuis, a reef-building stony coral found in tropical and subtropical areas. The proteins were separated into different fractions by gel filtration chromatography, and different patterns were observed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blotting with antiserum against A. aff. tenuis egg extract (anti-AtE). EP2 was purified from ovulated egg extracts using a combination of hydroxylapatite and gel filtration chromatography. The molecular mass of native EP2 was estimated to be 286 kDa. SDS-PAGE revealed bands at 70.5, 67.7, 49.6, and 22.9 kDa, with the 70.5 and 67.7 kDa bands staining positive for lipid (Sudan black B). These results indicate that purified EP2 is a lipoprotein in A. aff. tenuis eggs, resembling lipovitellin, the major yolk protein derived from the egg yolk precursor, vitellogenin (Vtg), in oviparous vertebrates. Furthermore, EP2 and its bands were digested with trypsin and analyzed by liquid chromatography using a quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometer (LC-QTOF-MS). All fragments were identified as A. aff. tenuis Vtg. This is the first report of the purification and characterization of a lipovitellin-like egg yolk protein in non-bilaterian oviparous animals.
{"title":"Characterization and purification of lipovitellin-like egg yolk protein in a stony coral, Acropora aff. tenuis","authors":"Haruna Amano , Juna Kamoshita , Masami Ishimoto , Minami Arai , Mitsuru Jimbo , Ko Yasumoto , Go Suzuki","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three egg proteins (EP1, EP2, and EP3) were detected in ovulated eggs of <em>Acropora</em> aff. <em>tenuis</em>, a reef-building stony coral found in tropical and subtropical areas. The proteins were separated into different fractions by gel filtration chromatography, and different patterns were observed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blotting with antiserum against <em>A.</em> aff. <em>tenuis</em> egg extract (anti-AtE). EP2 was purified from ovulated egg extracts using a combination of hydroxylapatite and gel filtration chromatography. The molecular mass of native EP2 was estimated to be 286 kDa. SDS-PAGE revealed bands at 70.5, 67.7, 49.6, and 22.9 kDa, with the 70.5 and 67.7 kDa bands staining positive for lipid (Sudan black B). These results indicate that purified EP2 is a lipoprotein in <em>A.</em> aff. <em>tenuis</em> eggs, resembling lipovitellin, the major yolk protein derived from the egg yolk precursor, vitellogenin (Vtg), in oviparous vertebrates. Furthermore, EP2 and its bands were digested with trypsin and analyzed by liquid chromatography using a quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometer (LC-QTOF-MS). All fragments were identified as <em>A.</em> aff. <em>tenuis</em> Vtg. This is the first report of the purification and characterization of a lipovitellin-like egg yolk protein in non-bilaterian oviparous animals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 111152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144921425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-08-23DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111149
Hui Fu, Qichao Fan, Jingjing Miao, Ya Liu, Yuxin Wen, Luqing Pan
The scallop (Chlamys farreri) is an important aquaculture species, and understanding its reproductive regulation is a major research focus. Previous studies have suggested that the orphan nuclear receptor fushi tarazu factor 1 (FTZF1), a member of the nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A (NR5A), may play a role in regulating gonadal development and differentiation in scallops. In this study, we demonstrate through yeast one-hybrid assays that FTZ-F1 directly binds to the promoters of the gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR), which is involved in steroidogenesis, and DMRT-like family A2 (Dmrta2), which is involved in sex determination. Molecular docking and sequence alignment identified 11 key amino acids within the DNA-binding domain （DBD） essential for promoter binding, 10 of which resided in the conserved DBD region. These findings provide molecular insights into reproductive regulation in bivalves and establish a foundation for further research on sex differentiation and steroidogenesis.
{"title":"Integrated yeast one-hybrid and molecular docking reveal the binding specificity of FTZ-F1 to GnRHR and Dmrta2 promoters in the scallop, Chlamys farreri","authors":"Hui Fu, Qichao Fan, Jingjing Miao, Ya Liu, Yuxin Wen, Luqing Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The scallop (<em>Chlamys farreri</em>) is an important aquaculture species, and understanding its reproductive regulation is a major research focus. Previous studies have suggested that the orphan nuclear receptor fushi tarazu factor 1 (FTZ<img>F1), a member of the nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A (NR5A), may play a role in regulating gonadal development and differentiation in scallops. In this study, we demonstrate through yeast one-hybrid assays that FTZ-F1 directly binds to the promoters of the gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor (<em>GnRHR</em>), which is involved in steroidogenesis, and DMRT-like family A2 (<em>Dmrta2</em>), which is involved in sex determination. Molecular docking and sequence alignment identified 11 key amino acids within the DNA-binding domain （DBD） essential for promoter binding, 10 of which resided in the conserved DBD region. These findings provide molecular insights into reproductive regulation in bivalves and establish a foundation for further research on sex differentiation and steroidogenesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 111149"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144907657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-08-23DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111150
Thuany da Silva Nogueira , Andressa de Abreu Mello , Nathany da Silva Nogueira , Cintia Monteiro-de-Barros
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are metabolically generated by neural cells and are essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Due to the high metabolic activity and oxygen consumption of the nervous system, large amounts of ROS are produced. Although ROS are traditionally associated with oxidative stress and degeneration, recent studies suggest that they may also play a beneficial role in neural repair. To explore the role of ROS in central nervous system (CNS) regeneration, we employed the adult ascidian Styela plicata, which can regenerate its entire brain within 10 days, as a model. We aimed to elucidate the functions of ROS and the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the formation of synapses and/or cell proliferation in the CNS of the ascidian S. plicata following the systemic injection of the neurotoxin 3-acetylpyridine (3-AP). The data revealed two distinct periods of high ROS production: at 0.5 and 5 days. SOD and CAT activity increased only at 5 days. Lipid peroxidation was highest at 0.5 days and gradually decreased during the 10 day post-injection monitoring period. The proliferation marker Ki-67 and the synapse marker synaptophysin were elevated at 3 and 5 days, respectively. These findings suggest a dual role for ROS: an early phase linked to neurodegeneration and a later phase associated with regeneration. This highlights the complex role of redox signaling in CNS regeneration.
{"title":"Dual roles of reactive oxygen species in ascidian brain regeneration and degeneration","authors":"Thuany da Silva Nogueira , Andressa de Abreu Mello , Nathany da Silva Nogueira , Cintia Monteiro-de-Barros","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are metabolically generated by neural cells and are essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Due to the high metabolic activity and oxygen consumption of the nervous system, large amounts of ROS are produced. Although ROS are traditionally associated with oxidative stress and degeneration, recent studies suggest that they may also play a beneficial role in neural repair. To explore the role of ROS in central nervous system (CNS) regeneration, we employed the adult ascidian <em>Styela plicata</em>, which can regenerate its entire brain within 10 days, as a model. We aimed to elucidate the functions of ROS and the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the formation of synapses and/or cell proliferation in the CNS of the ascidian <em>S. plicata</em> following the systemic injection of the neurotoxin 3-acetylpyridine (3-AP). The data revealed two distinct periods of high ROS production: at 0.5 and 5 days. SOD and CAT activity increased only at 5 days. Lipid peroxidation was highest at 0.5 days and gradually decreased during the 10 day post-injection monitoring period. The proliferation marker Ki-67 and the synapse marker synaptophysin were elevated at 3 and 5 days, respectively. These findings suggest a dual role for ROS: an early phase linked to neurodegeneration and a later phase associated with regeneration. This highlights the complex role of redox signaling in CNS regeneration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 111150"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144904521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-08-07DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111142
Gabriela Alvite, Adriana Esteves
The identification of the first nuclear receptors (NRs) several decades ago opened up new avenues for the study of a wide range of physiological processes. Although vertebrate receptors were first to be identified, studies in invertebrates were integral to establishing their transcriptional roles. The determination of 3D structures as well as advances in transcriptomic and proteomic techniques, have also been important in enhancing understanding of NR functions. Structural models and docking studies are the first step towards the discovery of invertebrate NR ligands as well as to understanding the binding properties of these NRs. The objective of this work is to review the NR ligands of invertebrates, specifically retinoids, steroids, fatty acids and phospholipids, bile acids and vitamin D, tyrosine derivatives and porphyrins. Non-typical NR ligands such as metals and gases are also described. We also address structural and evolutionary aspects. Exploring the ligands of invertebrate nuclear receptors, whether endogenous or exogenous, is a strategy that enables us to understand the role these receptors play in the biology of these organisms, as well as to uncover metabolic pathways that are not yet fully understood.
{"title":"Uncovering the diversity of invertebrate nuclear receptors ligands.","authors":"Gabriela Alvite, Adriana Esteves","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The identification of the first nuclear receptors (NRs) several decades ago opened up new avenues for the study of a wide range of physiological processes. Although vertebrate receptors were first to be identified, studies in invertebrates were integral to establishing their transcriptional roles. The determination of 3D structures as well as advances in transcriptomic and proteomic techniques, have also been important in enhancing understanding of NR functions. Structural models and docking studies are the first step towards the discovery of invertebrate NR ligands as well as to understanding the binding properties of these NRs. The objective of this work is to review the NR ligands of invertebrates, specifically retinoids, steroids, fatty acids and phospholipids, bile acids and vitamin D, tyrosine derivatives and porphyrins. Non-typical NR ligands such as metals and gases are also described. We also address structural and evolutionary aspects. Exploring the ligands of invertebrate nuclear receptors, whether endogenous or exogenous, is a strategy that enables us to understand the role these receptors play in the biology of these organisms, as well as to uncover metabolic pathways that are not yet fully understood.</p>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":" ","pages":"111142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2025-07-09DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111122
Sana Gavarikar, Paul M. Craig
In their natural environments, fish are exposed to diel thermal fluctuations, the range of which is expected to increase dramatically with climate change. Recently, it has been posited that epigenetic modulators like microRNAs (miRNAs) could buffer fish against such changes. To investigate this, we conducted two sequential experiments using zebrafish (Danio rerio). In Experiment 1, we exposed zebrafish to constant control (CTRL; 28°C), fluctuating (FLUX; 28±5°C), or elevated (HEAT; 33°C) temperatures throughout early development (embryo to juvenile, up to 30 days post-fertilization [dpf]). Throughout early development, we assessed survival, metabolism, and the expression of seven thermosensitive miRNAs and three heat shock proteins (HSPs). While HEAT conditions significantly reduced survival, FLUX exposure did not. Both FLUX and HEAT juveniles exhibited metabolic compensation, though this was more pronounced in FLUX fish. Notably, miR-181a-5p, which regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration, was significantly upregulated in FLUX juveniles, suggesting its involvement in improving metabolic performance. Experiment 2 evaluated the long-term effects of ontogenetic thermal variability. Starting at 30 dpf, remaining fish in both CTRL and FLUX treatments were maintained under CTRL conditions until adulthood. We then assessed miRNA expression in the brain and thermal tolerance (CTmax). miR-181a-5p remained elevated in the brains of adult fish with FLUX developmental histories, though CTmax was unaffected. Together, these findings suggest that early-life exposure to diel thermal fluctuations induces lasting epigenetic changes, potentially optimizing metabolic performance in the short-term at the cost of reduced capacity for further thermal tolerance and stress recovery later in life.
{"title":"Developmental exposure to constant elevated temperatures and diel thermal variation alters microRNA expression and performance in zebrafish (Danio rerio).","authors":"Sana Gavarikar, Paul M. Craig","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In their natural environments, fish are exposed to diel thermal fluctuations, the range of which is expected to increase dramatically with climate change. Recently, it has been posited that epigenetic modulators like microRNAs (miRNAs) could buffer fish against such changes. To investigate this, we conducted two sequential experiments using zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>). In Experiment 1, we exposed zebrafish to constant control (CTRL; 28°C), fluctuating (FLUX; 28±5°C), or elevated (HEAT; 33°C) temperatures throughout early development (embryo to juvenile, up to 30 days post-fertilization [dpf]). Throughout early development, we assessed survival, metabolism, and the expression of seven thermosensitive miRNAs and three heat shock proteins (HSPs). While HEAT conditions significantly reduced survival, FLUX exposure did not. Both FLUX and HEAT juveniles exhibited metabolic compensation, though this was more pronounced in FLUX fish. Notably, miR-181a-5p, which regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration, was significantly upregulated in FLUX juveniles, suggesting its involvement in improving metabolic performance. Experiment 2 evaluated the long-term effects of ontogenetic thermal variability. Starting at 30 dpf, remaining fish in both CTRL and FLUX treatments were maintained under CTRL conditions until adulthood. We then assessed miRNA expression in the brain and thermal tolerance (CT<sub>max</sub>). miR-181a-5p remained elevated in the brains of adult fish with FLUX developmental histories, though CT<sub>max</sub> was unaffected. Together, these findings suggest that early-life exposure to diel thermal fluctuations induces lasting epigenetic changes, potentially optimizing metabolic performance in the short-term at the cost of reduced capacity for further thermal tolerance and stress recovery later in life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 111122"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144621213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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