Pub Date : 2025-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111076
Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar , Mohammad Arghideh , Fatemeh Hosseinpour Delavar , Marina Paolucci , Metin Yazici , Mahsan Bayani , Hien Van Doan
This study investigates the effects of the red macroalgae Galaxaura oblongata diet supplementation on roach (Rutilus rutilus) fingerlings growth and gene expression related to immunity, the intestinal barrier, and antioxidant status. Roach fingerlings (2.26 ± 0.04 g) were fed a basic diet supplemented with three different percentages of G. oblongata powder: 0.25 % (G1), 0.50 % (G2), and 1.0 % (G3) over 8 weeks, with a control group (C) receiving no supplementation. The study found that growth parameters significantly increased in the G1 and G2 groups compared to the C and G3 groups (P < 0.05). Immune responses, measured by total immunoglobulin (Ig) and lysozyme activity, showed a significant increase in the whole-body extract of the G2 group (P < 0.05) and the skin mucus of all treated groups compared to the control (P < 0.05). G. oblongata supplementation did not significantly affect catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in the whole-body extract, although GPx activity in skin mucus was significantly higher in the supplemented groups. Additionally, the gene expression of interleukin 1-beta (il-1β), occludin, gpx and sod, but not Toll-like receptor increased in G. oblongata treated groups. These results suggest that G. oblongata can serve as a beneficial feed additive in the culture of roach fingerlings, enhancing growth and immune function.
{"title":"Incorporation of red macroalgae (Galaxaura oblongata) in roach (Rutilus rutilus) fingerling diet: Effects on growth, immunity, oxidative status and intestinal health.","authors":"Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar , Mohammad Arghideh , Fatemeh Hosseinpour Delavar , Marina Paolucci , Metin Yazici , Mahsan Bayani , Hien Van Doan","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effects of the red macroalgae <em>Galaxaura oblongata</em> diet supplementation on roach (<em>Rutilus rutilus</em>) fingerlings growth and gene expression related to immunity, the intestinal barrier, and antioxidant status. Roach fingerlings (2.26 ± 0.04 g) were fed a basic diet supplemented with three different percentages of <em>G. oblongata</em> powder: 0.25 % (G1), 0.50 % (G2), and 1.0 % (G3) over 8 weeks, with a control group (C) receiving no supplementation. The study found that growth parameters significantly increased in the G1 and G2 groups compared to the C and G3 groups (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Immune responses, measured by total immunoglobulin (Ig) and lysozyme activity, showed a significant increase in the whole-body extract of the G2 group (P < 0.05) and the skin mucus of all treated groups compared to the control (P < 0.05). <em>G. oblongata</em> supplementation did not significantly affect catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in the whole-body extract, although GPx activity in skin mucus was significantly higher in the supplemented groups. Additionally, the gene expression of interleukin 1-beta (<em>il-1β)</em>, <em>occludin</em>, <em>gpx</em> and <em>sod</em>, but not <em>Toll-like receptor</em> increased in <em>G. oblongata</em> treated groups. These results suggest that <em>G. oblongata</em> can serve as a beneficial feed additive in the culture of roach fingerlings, enhancing growth and immune function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 111076"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111075
Yunna Hang , Hongyan Sun , Anqi Tang, Xinxin Fan , Ying Tian, Xubo Wang, Chen Jiang, Junxia Mao, Zhenlin Hao, Jun Ding, Yaqing Chang
Patinopecten yessoensis (Yesso scallop), one of the most important aquaculture molluscs in China, has recently suffered severe Polydora disease, causing economic losses. Cathepsin L (CatL), a cysteine protease, has important functions in immune responses in vertebrates and invertebrates. However, little is known regarding the structure and function of CatL in scallops. In this study, a CatL gene named PyCatL was first identified in the genome of P. yessoensis. Gene structure analysis of PyCatL revealed it had 8 exons and 7 introns and a full length of 7916 bp. The gene sequence was analysed, and typically conserved functional domains (signal peptide, inhibitor I29 domain, and peptidase C1 domain) and motifs (ERWNIN, GNYD and GCXGG) of CatL were all predicted in PyCatL, confirming the sequence as belonging to a CatL gene. Phylogenetic analysis showed the evolutionary status of CatL was consistent with the species taxonomy. PyCatL was expressed ubiquitously in all the tested tissues in this study, suggesting its involvement in a wide range of physiological processes. After Polydora infestation, PyCatL exhibited significant upregulation in various mantle regions at both mRNA and protein levels, contrasting with a notable decrease in gene expression in hemocytes. Additionally, the enzyme activity of PyCatL showed a significant increase in the mantle of diseased P. yessoensis. The results suggested a role for mantle tissue in response to Polydora infestation by upregulating expression of PyCatL. The study offers novel insights into the function of CatL in innate immunity in scallops.
{"title":"Identification, molecular characterization and expression patterns of Cathepsin L in Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) shell-infested by Polydora","authors":"Yunna Hang , Hongyan Sun , Anqi Tang, Xinxin Fan , Ying Tian, Xubo Wang, Chen Jiang, Junxia Mao, Zhenlin Hao, Jun Ding, Yaqing Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Patinopecten yessoensis</em> (Yesso scallop), one of the most important aquaculture molluscs in China, has recently suffered severe <em>Polydora</em> disease, causing economic losses. Cathepsin L (CatL), a cysteine protease, has important functions in immune responses in vertebrates and invertebrates. However, little is known regarding the structure and function of <em>CatL</em> in scallops. In this study, a <em>CatL</em> gene named <em>PyCatL</em> was first identified in the genome of <em>P. yessoensis</em>. Gene structure analysis of <em>PyCatL</em> revealed it had 8 exons and 7 introns and a full length of 7916 bp. The gene sequence was analysed, and typically conserved functional domains (signal peptide, inhibitor I29 domain, and peptidase C1 domain) and motifs (ERWNIN, GNYD and GCXGG) of CatL were all predicted in PyCatL, confirming the sequence as belonging to a <em>CatL</em> gene. Phylogenetic analysis showed the evolutionary status of CatL was consistent with the species taxonomy. <em>PyCatL</em> was expressed ubiquitously in all the tested tissues in this study, suggesting its involvement in a wide range of physiological processes. After <em>Polydora</em> infestation, <em>PyCatL</em> exhibited significant upregulation in various mantle regions at both mRNA and protein levels, contrasting with a notable decrease in gene expression in hemocytes. Additionally, the enzyme activity of PyCatL showed a significant increase in the mantle of diseased <em>P. yessoensis</em>. The results suggested a role for mantle tissue in response to <em>Polydora</em> infestation by upregulating expression of <em>PyCatL</em>. The study offers novel insights into the function of <em>CatL</em> in innate immunity in scallops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 111075"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111074
Nawal Alsubaie , Amany Abdel-Rahman Mohamed , Mohamed M.M. Metwally , Tarek Khamis , Ali Osman , Badriyah S. Alotaibi , Areej A. Eskandrani , Samah S. Abuzahrah , Yasmina M. Abd-Elhakim , Abdelhakeem El-Murr , Rowida E. Ibrahim
Alkaline stress impairs fish productivity and performance and, therefore, is considered one of the major challenges facing aquaculture. In this work, the effects of supplementing diets with camel whey protein hydrolysates (WPH) on growth, digestion, antioxidant capacity, and gene expression were investigated in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under alkaline stress. A total of 160 fish (16.17 ± 0.29 g) were equally assigned into four treatments, with 10 fish in each replicate. The control (C) and WPH groups received the basal diet supplemented with 0 and 75 g/kg WPH, respectively, and were reared in freshwater with an alkalinity of 1.4 mmol NaHCO3/L. The alkaline-exposed (AK) and AK + WPH groups were subjected to alkaline water (alkalinity = 23.8 mmol NaHCO3/L) and fed basal and WPH diet, respectively. Alkaline stress depressed the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, intestinal Lactobacillus count, intestinal morphometrics, growth hormone level, and antioxidant enzyme activity but enhanced leptin hormone level and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in Nile tilapia. Alkaline stress also downregulated the transcription of key intestinal transporter genes. Dietary supplementation with WPH significantly improved growth, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant capacity, and the gene expression profile of Nile tilapia under alkaline stress. Based on the current results, it was concluded that WPH diet could mitigate negative effects caused by alkaline stress in Nile tilapia, which might support its application as an effective functional protein replacement candidate in aquaculture.
{"title":"Alkalinity exposure induced growth inhibition, intestinal histopathological changes, and down-regulated nutrient transporter expression in Nile Tilapia: The ameliorative role of dietary camel whey protein hydrolysates","authors":"Nawal Alsubaie , Amany Abdel-Rahman Mohamed , Mohamed M.M. Metwally , Tarek Khamis , Ali Osman , Badriyah S. Alotaibi , Areej A. Eskandrani , Samah S. Abuzahrah , Yasmina M. Abd-Elhakim , Abdelhakeem El-Murr , Rowida E. Ibrahim","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alkaline stress impairs fish productivity and performance and, therefore, is considered one of the major challenges facing aquaculture. In this work, the effects of supplementing diets with camel whey protein hydrolysates (WPH) on growth, digestion, antioxidant capacity, and gene expression were investigated in Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>) under alkaline stress. A total of 160 fish (16.17 ± 0.29 g) were equally assigned into four treatments, with 10 fish in each replicate. The control (C) and WPH groups received the basal diet supplemented with 0 and 75 g/kg WPH, respectively, and were reared in freshwater with an alkalinity of 1.4 mmol NaHCO<sub>3</sub>/L. The alkaline-exposed (AK) and AK + WPH groups were subjected to alkaline water (alkalinity = 23.8 mmol NaHCO<sub>3</sub>/L) and fed basal and WPH diet, respectively. Alkaline stress depressed the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, intestinal <em>Lactobacillus</em> count, intestinal morphometrics, growth hormone level, and antioxidant enzyme activity but enhanced leptin hormone level and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in Nile tilapia. Alkaline stress also downregulated the transcription of key intestinal transporter genes. Dietary supplementation with WPH significantly improved growth, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant capacity, and the gene expression profile of Nile tilapia under alkaline stress. Based on the current results, it was concluded that WPH diet could mitigate negative effects caused by alkaline stress in Nile tilapia, which might support its application as an effective functional protein replacement candidate in aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 111074"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111073
Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar , Zohreh Fazelan , Thora Lieke , Shiva Nedaei , Roghieh Safari , Metin Yazici , Hien Van Doan
This experiment aimed to determine the efficacy of fulvic acid (FLA) on growth performance, innate immune system, antioxidant parameters, and expression of immune and antioxidant-related genes in zebrafish (Danio rerio). To this end, 12 tanks (3 per group), each containing 50 zebrafish (with an average weight of 85.7 ± 10.05 mg) in 72 L, were assigned to diets containing FLA at four levels: 0 (control), 0.25 (FLA1), 0.5 (FLA2), and 1 (FLA3) g/kg diet. Following an eight-week culture period, no significant differences in growth performance were observed among the treatment groups (P > 0.05). However, lysozyme activity, total immunoglobulin (Ig), and total protein concentrations in whole-body extracts were significantly enhanced in the 0.5–1 g FLA/kg diet groups compared to the other treatments (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed among the groups in catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), or superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities (P > 0.05). The supplementation of FLA significantly upregulated the gene expression of interferon-α (IFN-α) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), with the highest expression observed in the 0.5 g FLA/kg diet group (P < 0.05). Additionally, interleukin 1 (IL-1) expression was markedly elevated in this group in comparison to the other treatments (P < 0.05). While there was a significant increase in GPx gene expression with dietary FLA (P < 0.05), no notable differences were observed among FLA treatments (P > 0.05). CAT gene expression remained consistent across all groups (P > 0.05). In contrast, SOD gene expression significantly increased in response to all FLA-supplemented diets, with the highest level observed in the 0.5 g FLA/kg group (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that FLA may serve as an effective dietary supplement to enhance the immune response and antioxidant capacity in zebrafish.
本实验旨在研究黄腐酸（FLA）对斑马鱼（Danio rerio）生长性能、先天免疫系统、抗氧化参数以及免疫和抗氧化相关基因表达的影响。为此，选择12个槽（每组3个），每个槽中有50尾平均体重为85.7 ± 10.05 mg、72 L的斑马鱼，分别饲喂0（对照）、0.25 （FLA1）、0.5 （FLA2）和1 (FLA3) g/kg的饲料。8周培养后，各处理组的生长性能无显著差异（P > 0.05）。但与其他处理相比，0.5-1 g FLA/kg饲粮组溶菌酶活性、总免疫球蛋白（Ig）和总蛋白浓度显著提高（P 0.05）。添加FLA显著上调了干扰素-α (IFN-α)和肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)的基因表达，其中以0.5 g FLA/kg饲粮组表达量最高（P 0.05）。CAT基因表达在各组间保持一致（P > 0.05）。相反，SOD基因表达在饲粮中均显著升高，以0.5 g FLA/kg组最高(P
{"title":"Effects of fulvic acid on zebrafish (Danio rerio) growth, immunity and antioxidant status","authors":"Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar , Zohreh Fazelan , Thora Lieke , Shiva Nedaei , Roghieh Safari , Metin Yazici , Hien Van Doan","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This experiment aimed to determine the efficacy of fulvic acid (FLA) on growth performance, innate immune system, antioxidant parameters, and expression of immune and antioxidant-related genes in zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>). To this end, 12 tanks (3 per group), each containing 50 zebrafish (with an average weight of 85.7 ± 10.05 mg) in 72 L, were assigned to diets containing FLA at four levels: 0 (control), 0.25 (FLA1), 0.5 (FLA2), and 1 (FLA3) g/kg diet. Following an eight-week culture period, no significant differences in growth performance were observed among the treatment groups (<em>P</em> > 0.05). However, lysozyme activity, total immunoglobulin (Ig), and total protein concentrations in whole-body extracts were significantly enhanced in the 0.5–1 g FLA/kg diet groups compared to the other treatments (<em>P</em> < 0.05). No significant differences were observed among the groups in catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), or superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities (<em>P</em> > 0.05). The supplementation of FLA significantly upregulated the gene expression of interferon-α (IFN-α) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), with the highest expression observed in the 0.5 g FLA/kg diet group (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Additionally, interleukin 1 (IL-1) expression was markedly elevated in this group in comparison to the other treatments (P < 0.05). While there was a significant increase in GPx gene expression with dietary FLA (P < 0.05), no notable differences were observed among FLA treatments (<em>P</em> > 0.05). CAT gene expression remained consistent across all groups (P > 0.05). In contrast, SOD gene expression significantly increased in response to all FLA-supplemented diets, with the highest level observed in the 0.5 g FLA/kg group (<em>P</em> < 0.05). These findings suggest that FLA may serve as an effective dietary supplement to enhance the immune response and antioxidant capacity in zebrafish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 111073"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143016863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111072
Yibin Yang , Hao He , Yucong Huang , Xiaohui Ai , Xia Zhu , Fei Yin , Jingen Xu , Yuhua Chen
Yersinia ruckeri is known to cause enteric red mouth disease (ERM) in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). This study established a model of Y. ruckeri-induced intestinal inflammation in channel catfish. Subsequently, using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), gene cloning, recombinant protein expression, protein molecular docking, and tissue pathology techniques, we investigated the role and molecular mechanism of Flagellin C (FliC) from Y. ruckeri in inducing inflammation. The findings indicated that FliC was the main virulence gene in Y. ruckeri responsible for inducing intestinal inflammation. Specifically, FliC bound to the host Toll-like receptor 5 (tlr5), leading to the upregulation of multiple inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-α, interleukin (il)-6, and il-1β, and the activation of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and JAK-STAT signaling pathways, thereby initiating inflammation. The results were validated through experiments conducted both in cellular models and in vivo. In summary, this study identified FliC as a virulence gene in Y. ruckeri infection of channel catfish and elucidated its role in inducing intestinal inflammation.
已知拉克氏耶尔森氏菌可引起海峡鲶鱼（Ictalurus punctatus）肠道红口病（ERM）。本研究建立了拉克氏菌诱导的通道鲶鱼肠道炎症模型。随后，我们利用定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）、基因克隆、重组蛋白表达、蛋白分子对接及组织病理学等技术，研究了ruckeri鞭毛蛋白C （FliC）在诱导炎症中的作用及分子机制。结果表明，FliC是引起肠道炎症的主要毒力基因。具体来说，flc与宿主toll样受体5 （tlr5）结合，导致多种炎症因子如肿瘤坏死因子(tnf)-α、白细胞介素(il)-6和il-1β上调，并激活核因子κ b （NF-κB）和JAK-STAT信号通路，从而引发炎症。结果通过细胞模型和体内实验得到验证。综上所述，本研究确定了FliC是通道鲶鱼感染ruckeri菌的毒力基因，并阐明了其在诱导肠道炎症中的作用。
{"title":"Molecular mechanism of Yersinia ruckeri Flagellin C (FliC) induced intestinal inflammation in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)","authors":"Yibin Yang , Hao He , Yucong Huang , Xiaohui Ai , Xia Zhu , Fei Yin , Jingen Xu , Yuhua Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Yersinia ruckeri</em> is known to cause enteric red mouth disease (ERM) in channel catfish (<em>Ictalurus punctatus</em>). This study established a model of <em>Y. ruckeri</em>-induced intestinal inflammation in channel catfish. Subsequently, using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), gene cloning, recombinant protein expression, protein molecular docking, and tissue pathology techniques, we investigated the role and molecular mechanism of Flagellin C (FliC) from <em>Y. ruckeri</em> in inducing inflammation. The findings indicated that FliC was the main virulence gene in <em>Y. ruckeri</em> responsible for inducing intestinal inflammation. Specifically, FliC bound to the host Toll-like receptor 5 (<em>tlr5</em>), leading to the upregulation of multiple inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor (<em>tnf</em>)<em>-α</em>, interleukin (<em>il</em>)<em>-6</em>, and <em>il-1β</em>, and the activation of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and JAK-STAT signaling pathways, thereby initiating inflammation. The results were validated through experiments conducted both in cellular models and <em>in vivo</em>. In summary, this study identified FliC as a virulence gene in <em>Y. ruckeri</em> infection of channel catfish and elucidated its role in inducing intestinal inflammation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 111072"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143016871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111071
Weihan Meng , Lingnan Kong , Abudula Abulizi , Jingjing Cong , Zhihui Sun , Yaqing Chang
Apostichopus japonicus is a highly significant marine aquaculture species. Research findings have indicated that male sea cucumbers demonstrate a more rapid growth rate compared to females, underscoring the potential advantages of establishing an all-male population. In this study, we identified a specific protein-coding gene (ORFan) within a 4565 bp male fragment and named it sex determination factor (sdf). The sdf transcript exhibited ubiquitous expression in various adult male tissues, along with dynamic expression patterns in the testis across different developmental stages. Notably, knockdown of the sdf gene through immersion of embryos in its specific vivo-morpholino oligomers (vivo-MO) resulted in significant changes in the expression levels of several sex-related genes including piwi1, vasa, foxl2, and DNMT3. Additionally, a transcriptomic analysis showed that sdf knockdown resulted in significant alterations in multiple biological processes encompassing various sex-related gene ontology terms such as male gonad development, ovarian follicle development, and steroidogenesis. These results provide a molecular foundation for comprehending ORFans in sea cucumbers while offering a valuable method for gene knockdown studies in echinoderms.
{"title":"Sex determination factor, a novel male-linked gene in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus: Molecular characterization, expression patterns and effects of gene knockdown","authors":"Weihan Meng , Lingnan Kong , Abudula Abulizi , Jingjing Cong , Zhihui Sun , Yaqing Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Apostichopus japonicus</em> is a highly significant marine aquaculture species. Research findings have indicated that male sea cucumbers demonstrate a more rapid growth rate compared to females, underscoring the potential advantages of establishing an all-male population. In this study, we identified a specific protein-coding gene (ORFan) within a 4565 bp male fragment and named it <em>sex determination factor</em> (<em>sdf</em>). The <em>sdf</em> transcript exhibited ubiquitous expression in various adult male tissues, along with dynamic expression patterns in the testis across different developmental stages. Notably, knockdown of the <em>sdf</em> gene through immersion of embryos in its specific vivo-morpholino oligomers (vivo-MO) resulted in significant changes in the expression levels of several sex-related genes including <em>piwi1</em>, <em>vasa</em>, <em>foxl2</em>, and <em>DNMT3</em>. Additionally, a transcriptomic analysis showed that <em>sdf</em> knockdown resulted in significant alterations in multiple biological processes encompassing various sex-related gene ontology terms such as male gonad development, ovarian follicle development, and steroidogenesis. These results provide a molecular foundation for comprehending ORFans in sea cucumbers while offering a valuable method for gene knockdown studies in echinoderms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 111071"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142959269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111070
Kathryn Bisaha , Simon Bagatto , Rebekah Harden , Randi Depp , Rachel Olson , Qin Liu , Janna M. Andronowski , Richard L. Londraville
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) were fed high and low-frequency diets over 40 days to assess the effect of diet on bone parameters. Fish fed 3×/day (High) were significantly greater in total weight and length vs. fish fed 2×/week (Low; <0.01). The High group had significantly higher vertebral bone density (p = 0.0009) and lower bone volume (p = 0.04) compared to the Low group. Scales from the Low group also had higher density of resorption lacunae in their scales (p = 0.02). We interpret these data to hypothesize that higher leptin titers associated with reduced calorie intake is generally catabolic to bone in zebrafish.
{"title":"Bone dynamics in zebrafish on low- and high-frequency diets","authors":"Kathryn Bisaha , Simon Bagatto , Rebekah Harden , Randi Depp , Rachel Olson , Qin Liu , Janna M. Andronowski , Richard L. Londraville","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>) were fed high and low-frequency diets over 40 days to assess the effect of diet on bone parameters. Fish fed 3×/day (High) were significantly greater in total weight and length vs. fish fed 2×/week (Low; <0.01). The High group had significantly higher vertebral bone density (<em>p</em> = 0.0009) and lower bone volume (<em>p</em> = 0.04) compared to the Low group. Scales from the Low group also had higher density of resorption lacunae in their scales (<em>p</em> = 0.02). We interpret these data to hypothesize that higher leptin titers associated with reduced calorie intake is generally catabolic to bone in zebrafish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 111070"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142933328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.111069
Sara Moutinho , Óscar Monroig , Helena Peres , Andrea Villena-Rodríguez , Rui Magalhães , Lina Pulido-Rodríguez , Giuliana Parisi , Aires Oliva-Teles
The potential of insects as alternative ingredients in animal feeds is well-established. However, limited information is available on the use of insect oils as alternative lipid sources in aquafeeds. To address this, a study was conducted on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles to evaluate the effects of including black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae oil (HIO). Diets were formulated to include 4, 7.9, and 9.5 % HIO, replacing a vegetable oil blend at 42, 84, or 100 %, respectively. After 70 days, the effects on liver fatty acid profiles, plasma metabolites, and lipid metabolism gene expression were assessed. The results showed that HIO inclusion led to a linear decrease in plasma lipids and triglycerides, while high-density lipoprotein levels increased. The experimental diets also altered the liver's fatty acid composition without affecting total lipid content. There was an increase in the liver's saturated fatty acid content, like lauric acid, and monounsaturated fatty acids, like oleic acid. In contrast, n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid content was reduced, although EPA and DHA levels remained unaffected. Additionally, the content of C16:0 and C18:0 (% of total fatty acids) was higher in the liver than in the corresponding diets. The inclusion of HIO had minimal impact on the expression of genes associated with fatty acid synthesis, transport, and β-oxidation. However, a downregulation of elongation of very long-chain fatty acids proteins 6 and 1b (elovl6 and elovl1b) was observed with increasing HIO levels. Overall, the study indicates that up to 9.5 % HIO inclusion in diets is well tolerated by gilthead seabream juveniles, with minimal effects on plasma metabolites and key gene expression related to fatty acid metabolism. These findings support the use of HIO as a viable alternative lipid source for juvenile gilthead seabream, contributing to the sustainable development of aquafeeds.
{"title":"Effects of black soldier fly larvae oil on lipid metabolism, liver fatty acid composition, and plasma metabolite profiles in gilthead seabream juveniles","authors":"Sara Moutinho , Óscar Monroig , Helena Peres , Andrea Villena-Rodríguez , Rui Magalhães , Lina Pulido-Rodríguez , Giuliana Parisi , Aires Oliva-Teles","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.111069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.111069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The potential of insects as alternative ingredients in animal feeds is well-established. However, limited information is available on the use of insect oils as alternative lipid sources in aquafeeds. To address this, a study was conducted on gilthead seabream (<em>Sparus aurata</em>) juveniles to evaluate the effects of including black soldier fly (<em>Hermetia illucens</em>) larvae oil (HIO). Diets were formulated to include 4, 7.9, and 9.5 % HIO, replacing a vegetable oil blend at 42, 84, or 100 %, respectively. After 70 days, the effects on liver fatty acid profiles, plasma metabolites, and lipid metabolism gene expression were assessed. The results showed that HIO inclusion led to a linear decrease in plasma lipids and triglycerides, while high-density lipoprotein levels increased. The experimental diets also altered the liver's fatty acid composition without affecting total lipid content. There was an increase in the liver's saturated fatty acid content, like lauric acid, and monounsaturated fatty acids, like oleic acid. In contrast, n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid content was reduced, although EPA and DHA levels remained unaffected. Additionally, the content of C16:0 and C18:0 (% of total fatty acids) was higher in the liver than in the corresponding diets. The inclusion of HIO had minimal impact on the expression of genes associated with fatty acid synthesis, transport, and β-oxidation. However, a downregulation of elongation of very long-chain fatty acids proteins 6 and 1b (<em>elovl6</em> and <em>elovl1b</em>) was observed with increasing HIO levels. Overall, the study indicates that up to 9.5 % HIO inclusion in diets is well tolerated by gilthead seabream juveniles, with minimal effects on plasma metabolites and key gene expression related to fatty acid metabolism. These findings support the use of HIO as a viable alternative lipid source for juvenile gilthead seabream, contributing to the sustainable development of aquafeeds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 111069"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142916490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-28DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.111068
Walaa El-Houseiny , Asmaa W. Basher , Yasmina K. Mahmoud , Yasmin Bayoumi , Abdel-Wahab A. Abdel-Warith , Elsayed M. Younis , Simon J. Davies , Ahmed H. Arisha , Yasmina M. Abd-Elhakim , Mohamed Ezzat M. Assayed
This study evaluated the efficacy of integrating artichoke (Cynara scolymus) leaf extract (CSLE) into the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) diet to mitigate fluoride (FLR) adverse effects on growth, immune components, renal and hepatic function, and the regulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis-related genes. A 60-day feeding experiment was conducted with 240 O. niloticus fish separated into four groups as follows: a control group (CON) fed on a basic diet, a CSLE group receiving 300 mg CSLE/kg via the diet, a FLR group exposed to 6.1 mg/L waterborne FLR, and a group receiving both CSLE and FLR. Fish exposed to FLR exhibited slower growth rates and poorer feed conversion compared to the control group. They also displayed signs of anemia, leukopenia, and elevated serum levels of renal injury indicators and liver enzymes. Consistent with a decrease in both non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants, higher levels of hepatic lipid peroxidation products were observed. Exposure to FLR resulted in decreased serum lysozyme activity, nitric oxide, complement 3, IgM, total protein, globulin, and albumin levels. FLR induced multiple pathological perturbations in the spleen, liver, and kidneys, and increased the mRNA expression of splenic tumor necrosis factor-alpha, heat shock protein 70, interleukin-1 beta, tumor protein p53, and cysteine-aspartic acid protease 3 while reducing superoxide dismutase and catalase gene expression. However, the majority of FLR adverse effects were significantly reduced by adding 300 mg CSLE/ kg diet. Adding CSLE to O. niloticus' diet may reduce FLR's negative effects, making it a beneficial aquafeed.
{"title":"Mitigation of sodium fluoride-induced growth inhibition, immunosuppression, hepatorenal damage, and dysregulation of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation-related genes by dietary artichoke (Cynara scolymus) leaf extract in Oreochromis niloticus","authors":"Walaa El-Houseiny , Asmaa W. Basher , Yasmina K. Mahmoud , Yasmin Bayoumi , Abdel-Wahab A. Abdel-Warith , Elsayed M. Younis , Simon J. Davies , Ahmed H. Arisha , Yasmina M. Abd-Elhakim , Mohamed Ezzat M. Assayed","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.111068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.111068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the efficacy of integrating artichoke (<em>Cynara scolymus</em>) leaf extract (CSLE) into the Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>) diet to mitigate fluoride (FLR) adverse effects on growth, immune components, renal and hepatic function, and the regulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis-related genes. A 60-day feeding experiment was conducted with 240 <em>O. niloticus</em> fish separated into four groups as follows: a control group (CON) fed on a basic diet, a CSLE group receiving 300 mg CSLE/kg via the diet, a FLR group exposed to 6.1 mg/L waterborne FLR, and a group receiving both CSLE and FLR. Fish exposed to FLR exhibited slower growth rates and poorer feed conversion compared to the control group. They also displayed signs of anemia, leukopenia, and elevated serum levels of renal injury indicators and liver enzymes. Consistent with a decrease in both non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants, higher levels of hepatic lipid peroxidation products were observed. Exposure to FLR resulted in decreased serum lysozyme activity, nitric oxide, complement 3, IgM, total protein, globulin, and albumin levels. FLR induced multiple pathological perturbations in the spleen, liver, and kidneys, and increased the mRNA expression of splenic tumor necrosis factor-alpha, heat shock protein 70, interleukin-1 beta, tumor protein p53, and cysteine-aspartic acid protease 3 while reducing superoxide dismutase and catalase gene expression. However, the majority of FLR adverse effects were significantly reduced by adding 300 mg CSLE/ kg diet. Adding CSLE to <em>O. niloticus</em>' diet may reduce FLR's negative effects, making it a beneficial aquafeed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 111068"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142907869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-25DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.111061
Qing-Xue Sun, Qing Tan, Xue-Na Huang, Cui-Luan Yao
Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) plays a crucial role in the immune response through recognizing bacterial flagellin. Some teleosts possess two forms of TLR5, including a canonical membrane TLR5 (TLR5M) ortholog and a piscine soluble TLR5 (TLR5S). In this report, the full-length cDNA sequences of Larimichthys crocea TLR5M (LcTLR5M) and TLR5S (LcTLR5S) were identified. The predicted 885-aa-LcTLR5M protein contained a 20-aa signal peptide, followed by 12 leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), a transmembrane (TM) region, and a cytoplasmic Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor homology (TIR) domain while the predicted 642-aa-LcTLR5S only contained 13 LRRs. The LcTLR5M transcripts were detected in most tissues examined, with the highest expression in heart and the lowest in stomach. The expression of LcTLR5S was high in liver whereas low in other examined tissues. Both LcTLR5M and LcTLR5S transcripts could be induced by immune challenge. Subcellular localization revealed that LcTLR5M existed on the cell membrane while LcTLR5S expressed in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, to investigate the role of LcTLR5S in downstream signaling transduction, a LcTLR5S-TIR chimera was constructed by fusing the ORF of LcTLR5S with TM and TIR domains from LcTLR5M. A dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that the TIR domain is essential in the flagellin induced MyD88-mediated-TNFα activation but not in -NF-κB activation. However, the flagellin-LcTLR5M-MyD88-mediated NF-κB and TNFα activation was largely suppressed by LcTLR5S. These findings suggested that the flagellin-LcTLR5M/LcTLR5S mediated immune activation was MyD88-dependent, and the role of the TIR-domain might differ between NF-κB and TNFα signaling transduction.
{"title":"A soluble TLR5 is involved in the flagellin-MyD88-mediated immune response via regulation rather than activation in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea)","authors":"Qing-Xue Sun, Qing Tan, Xue-Na Huang, Cui-Luan Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.111061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.111061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) plays a crucial role in the immune response through recognizing bacterial flagellin. Some teleosts possess two forms of TLR5, including a canonical membrane TLR5 (TLR5M) ortholog and a piscine soluble TLR5 (TLR5S). In this report, the full-length cDNA sequences of <em>Larimichthys crocea TLR5M</em> (<em>LcTLR5M</em>) and <em>TLR5S</em> (<em>LcTLR5S</em>) were identified. The predicted 885-aa-<em>Lc</em>TLR5M protein contained a 20-aa signal peptide, followed by 12 leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), a transmembrane (TM) region, and a cytoplasmic Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor homology (TIR) domain while the predicted 642-aa-<em>Lc</em>TLR5S only contained 13 LRRs. The <em>LcTLR5M</em> transcripts were detected in most tissues examined, with the highest expression in heart and the lowest in stomach. The expression of <em>LcTLR5S</em> was high in liver whereas low in other examined tissues. Both <em>LcTLR5M</em> and <em>LcTLR5S</em> transcripts could be induced by immune challenge. Subcellular localization revealed that <em>Lc</em>TLR5M existed on the cell membrane while <em>Lc</em>TLR5S expressed in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, to investigate the role of <em>LcTLR5S</em> in downstream signaling transduction, a <em>LcTLR5S-TIR</em> chimera was constructed by fusing the ORF of <em>LcTLR5S</em> with TM and TIR domains from <em>LcTLR5M</em>. A dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that the TIR domain is essential in the flagellin induced MyD88-mediated<em>-TNFα</em> activation but not in -<em>NF-κB</em> activation. However, the flagellin-<em>Lc</em>TLR5M-MyD88-mediated <em>NF-κB</em> and <em>TNFα</em> activation was largely suppressed by <em>Lc</em>TLR5S. These findings suggested that the flagellin-<em>Lc</em>TLR5M/<em>Lc</em>TLR5S mediated immune activation was MyD88-dependent, and the role of the TIR-domain might differ between NF-κB and TNFα signaling transduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 111061"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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