Pub Date : 2025-10-12DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111167
Siyao Weng , Mingguang Hu , Wangwang Ji , Ya Zeng , Jie Tang , Rui Dai , Ziqin Liu , Qinbo Qin , Ting Yi , Wuhui Li , Min Tao , Chun Zhang , Qizhi Liu , Ping Wu , Shaojun Liu
The fusion process of myoblasts constitutes a critical phase in skeletal muscle myogenesis. The recently identified transmembrane protein Myomaker, which is muscle-specific, plays an indispensable role in myoblast fusion. However, the regulatory mechanisms of its expression in gynogenetic fish remain unclear. Spermatozoa of the Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi, CP, ♂) were used to induce eggs of the blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala, BSB, ♀) to produce the gynogenetic blunt snout bream (GBSB) with inter-order species hybridization. In our investigation, combined prediction and dual luciferase analysis demonstrated direct targeting of the Myomaker 3’-UTR by the microRNA's miR-24-3p and miR-489. Following antagomiR-489 and antagomiR-24-3p injection into GBSB, muscle fibers exhibited increased diameter and nuclear content, while molecular analysis showed that Myomaker expression was promoted and expression of myogenic factors (Myf5, MyoD, MyoG) was inhibited. Our results indicate that the targeted repression of Myomaker expression via binding of miR-489 or miR-24-3p to its 3′-UTR is associated with the inhibition of myoblast fusion, thereby potentially contributing to the suppression of skeletal muscle proliferation in GBSB.
{"title":"Myomaker is regulated by miR-489 and miR-24-3p, and controls fusion of myoblasts in the gynogenetic blunt snout bream","authors":"Siyao Weng , Mingguang Hu , Wangwang Ji , Ya Zeng , Jie Tang , Rui Dai , Ziqin Liu , Qinbo Qin , Ting Yi , Wuhui Li , Min Tao , Chun Zhang , Qizhi Liu , Ping Wu , Shaojun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fusion process of myoblasts constitutes a critical phase in skeletal muscle myogenesis. The recently identified transmembrane protein Myomaker, which is muscle-specific, plays an indispensable role in myoblast fusion. However, the regulatory mechanisms of its expression in gynogenetic fish remain unclear. Spermatozoa of the Chinese perch (<em>Siniperca chuatsi,</em> CP, ♂) were used to induce eggs of the blunt snout bream (<em>Megalobrama amblycephala</em>, BSB, ♀) to produce the gynogenetic blunt snout bream (GBSB) with inter-order species hybridization. In our investigation, combined prediction and dual luciferase analysis demonstrated direct targeting of the <em>Myomaker</em> 3’-UTR by the microRNA's miR-24-3p and miR-489. Following antagomiR-489 and antagomiR-24-3p injection into GBSB, muscle fibers exhibited increased diameter and nuclear content, while molecular analysis showed that <em>Myomaker</em> expression was promoted and expression of myogenic factors (<em>Myf5</em>, <em>MyoD</em>, <em>MyoG</em>) was inhibited. Our results indicate that the targeted repression of <em>Myomaker</em> expression via binding of miR-489 or miR-24-3p to its 3′-UTR is associated with the inhibition of myoblast fusion, thereby potentially contributing to the suppression of skeletal muscle proliferation in GBSB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 111167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145294408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Freshwater scarcity and increasing salinisation of inland water bodies pose significant challenges to agriculture and traditional freshwater aquaculture. Using inland saline water (ISW) for aquaculture offers a promising option to expand farming into salt-affected and non-arable regions. An experimental trial (60 days) was conducted to evaluate the combined effect of temperature and ISW of varying salinities on genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) fingerlings (initial weight: 2.73 ± 0.02 g). Fish were distributed randomly across 6 treatments in triplicate tanks (n=15/tank). The experiment included combinations of two temperatures (Ambient: 28.5 ± 0.39 °C, AT; High: 33.5 ± 0.17 °C, HT) and three salinities (Freshwater, 0-2.25 ppt; ISW, 10 ppt; ISW, 15 ppt). Growth parameters, survival, osmoregulatory parameters and stress markers were analysed. The temperature and salinity interaction was significant, with the poorest growth and survival in the HT X 15 group. Serum osmolality and ions (Na+, Ca2+ and Cl-) increased progressively with salinity, and were further elevated at HT, while K+ showed the opposite trend. mRNA expression of branchial ion transporters such as sodium potassium ATPase, nka1α, and chloride channel, clc2, showed an increase with salinity, while aquaporin, aqp1, was downregulated. Serum stress markers (cortisol and glucose) increased dose-dependently with both stressors. Serum thyroid hormones declined, reaching minimum levels at HT X 15. Antioxidant enzymes showed tissue-specific responses: liver antioxidant enzymes increased 3- 4 fold at HT X 15, while gill enzymes showed moderate elevation. Hepatic hsp70 gene expression was upregulated (3-fold) in the HT X 15 group. These findings help define environmental limits to support fish health, growth, and sustainability in inland saline aquaculture under thermal and salinity stress.
{"title":"Combined physiological effects of high temperature and salinity stress on genetically improved farmed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared in inland saline water","authors":"Shivangi Bhatt , N.P. Sahu , Subodh Gupta , Sreedharan Krishnan , Satyakumar Akhila , T. Paul Nathaniel , Tincy Varghese","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Freshwater scarcity and increasing salinisation of inland water bodies pose significant challenges to agriculture and traditional freshwater aquaculture. Using inland saline water (ISW) for aquaculture offers a promising option to expand farming into salt-affected and non-arable regions. An experimental trial (60 days) was conducted to evaluate the combined effect of temperature and ISW of varying salinities on genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) fingerlings (initial weight: 2.73 ± 0.02 g). Fish were distributed randomly across 6 treatments in triplicate tanks (n=15/tank). The experiment included combinations of two temperatures (Ambient: 28.5 ± 0.39 °C, AT; High: 33.5 ± 0.17 °C, HT) and three salinities (Freshwater, 0-2.25 ppt; ISW, 10 ppt; ISW, 15 ppt). Growth parameters, survival, osmoregulatory parameters and stress markers were analysed. The temperature and salinity interaction was significant, with the poorest growth and survival in the HT X 15 group. Serum osmolality and ions (Na<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Cl<sup>-</sup>) increased progressively with salinity, and were further elevated at HT, while K<sup>+</sup> showed the opposite trend. mRNA expression of branchial ion transporters such as sodium potassium ATPase, <em>nka1α,</em> and chloride channel, <em>clc2,</em> showed an increase with salinity, while aquaporin, <em>aqp1,</em> was downregulated. Serum stress markers (cortisol and glucose) increased dose-dependently with both stressors. Serum thyroid hormones declined, reaching minimum levels at HT X 15. Antioxidant enzymes showed tissue-specific responses: liver antioxidant enzymes increased 3- 4 fold at HT X 15, while gill enzymes showed moderate elevation. Hepatic <em>hsp70</em> gene expression was upregulated (3-fold) in the HT X 15 group. These findings help define environmental limits to support fish health, growth, and sustainability in inland saline aquaculture under thermal and salinity stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 111165"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145234327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-08-06DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111140
Veronica Rivi, Anuradha Batabyal, Grace Pele, Kate Yakubets, Roberto Dominici, Johanna Maria Catharina Blom, Fabio Tascedda, Cristina Benatti, Ken Lukowiak
Understanding how environmental stressors influence memory formation is essential for evaluating the ecological and toxicological impacts of pollution on animal behavior. Using Lymnaea stagnalis snails collected from a pollutant-exposed freshwater creek in Canada, we investigated how distinct stressors affect learning and memory abilities and their underlying molecular mechanisms. In one procedure, pairing an appetitive cue with a predator-mimicking mechanical stressor (shell clip) revealed intra-strain variability in memory formation: only a subset of snails formed aversive memory, evidenced by reduced feeding upon cue re-exposure. This behavioral divergence correlated with increased expression of oxidative stress markers and plasticity-related genes in the central nervous system. In contrast, pairing the same cue with acute heat shock, known to induce a sickness-like state, resulted in long-term memory formation only in snails showing upregulation of cellular stress, immune-related, and neuroplasticity genes. Thus, both the nature of the stressor and individual physiological state shape memory outcomes, with Lymnaea engaging stressor-specific molecular programs to support learning. Importantly, this work positions Lymnaea as a valuable sentinel species in behavioral ecotoxicology. The transcriptional markers identified, such as LymHSP70, LymTLR4, and LymP2X, may serve as sensitive indicators of learning and memory disruption by environmental contaminants. By integrating behavioral and gene expression analyses, this study offers a promising framework for investigating how natural and anthropogenic stressors affect cognition, with broad applications for environmental monitoring, toxicology, and conservation biology.
{"title":"Intrastrain variability in memory formation of freshly collected Lymnaea stagnalis: The influence of stressor type on memory.","authors":"Veronica Rivi, Anuradha Batabyal, Grace Pele, Kate Yakubets, Roberto Dominici, Johanna Maria Catharina Blom, Fabio Tascedda, Cristina Benatti, Ken Lukowiak","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding how environmental stressors influence memory formation is essential for evaluating the ecological and toxicological impacts of pollution on animal behavior. Using Lymnaea stagnalis snails collected from a pollutant-exposed freshwater creek in Canada, we investigated how distinct stressors affect learning and memory abilities and their underlying molecular mechanisms. In one procedure, pairing an appetitive cue with a predator-mimicking mechanical stressor (shell clip) revealed intra-strain variability in memory formation: only a subset of snails formed aversive memory, evidenced by reduced feeding upon cue re-exposure. This behavioral divergence correlated with increased expression of oxidative stress markers and plasticity-related genes in the central nervous system. In contrast, pairing the same cue with acute heat shock, known to induce a sickness-like state, resulted in long-term memory formation only in snails showing upregulation of cellular stress, immune-related, and neuroplasticity genes. Thus, both the nature of the stressor and individual physiological state shape memory outcomes, with Lymnaea engaging stressor-specific molecular programs to support learning. Importantly, this work positions Lymnaea as a valuable sentinel species in behavioral ecotoxicology. The transcriptional markers identified, such as LymHSP70, LymTLR4, and LymP2X, may serve as sensitive indicators of learning and memory disruption by environmental contaminants. By integrating behavioral and gene expression analyses, this study offers a promising framework for investigating how natural and anthropogenic stressors affect cognition, with broad applications for environmental monitoring, toxicology, and conservation biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":" ","pages":"111140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144785988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-08-05DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111139
Ghanbar Sirpoor, Ahmad Noori, Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar, Marina Paolucci
This study examined the effects of mint (Mentha piperita L.) leaf extract (MLE) on the growth, immune responses, antioxidant activity, and hemolymph biochemical parameters in green tiger shrimp (Penaeus semisulcatus) under standard water chemistry and ammonia stress conditions. Four dietary treatments were established: a control and three MLE concentrations (0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg diet). A total of 240 shrimp (initial weight 9.22 ± 0.97 g) were distributed into 12 tanks and fed for eight weeks before ammonia challenge. The results indicated that MLE supplementation did not significantly affect growth performance. Phenoloxidase (PO) activity decreased at the MLE2 level, while lysozyme (Lys) activity increased in both the MLE1 and MLE2 groups compared to control. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly elevated in the MLE2 group, whereas total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) activities remained unchanged. The activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) all decreased in at least one MLE exposure group. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity increased in all MLE groups. After ammonia stress, antioxidant parameters increased in all MLE groups, except for CAT. Activities of ALT and AST were significantly increased in all MLE-supplemented groups. However, LDH and ALP activities were significantly elevated only in MLE1 and MLE2 groups, while ACP activity showed a significant increase solely in MLE1 group compared to control. These results suggest MLE acts primarily as an antioxidant stimulant in P. semisulcatus.
{"title":"Effects of mint (Mentha piperita L.) leaf extract on growth performance, immune and antioxidant responses in green Tiger shrimp (Penaeus semisulcatus).","authors":"Ghanbar Sirpoor, Ahmad Noori, Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar, Marina Paolucci","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the effects of mint (Mentha piperita L.) leaf extract (MLE) on the growth, immune responses, antioxidant activity, and hemolymph biochemical parameters in green tiger shrimp (Penaeus semisulcatus) under standard water chemistry and ammonia stress conditions. Four dietary treatments were established: a control and three MLE concentrations (0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg diet). A total of 240 shrimp (initial weight 9.22 ± 0.97 g) were distributed into 12 tanks and fed for eight weeks before ammonia challenge. The results indicated that MLE supplementation did not significantly affect growth performance. Phenoloxidase (PO) activity decreased at the MLE2 level, while lysozyme (Lys) activity increased in both the MLE1 and MLE2 groups compared to control. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly elevated in the MLE2 group, whereas total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) activities remained unchanged. The activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) all decreased in at least one MLE exposure group. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity increased in all MLE groups. After ammonia stress, antioxidant parameters increased in all MLE groups, except for CAT. Activities of ALT and AST were significantly increased in all MLE-supplemented groups. However, LDH and ALP activities were significantly elevated only in MLE1 and MLE2 groups, while ACP activity showed a significant increase solely in MLE1 group compared to control. These results suggest MLE acts primarily as an antioxidant stimulant in P. semisulcatus.</p>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":" ","pages":"111139"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144785987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-08-07DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111142
Gabriela Alvite, Adriana Esteves
The identification of the first nuclear receptors (NRs) several decades ago opened up new avenues for the study of a wide range of physiological processes. Although vertebrate receptors were first to be identified, studies in invertebrates were integral to establishing their transcriptional roles. The determination of 3D structures as well as advances in transcriptomic and proteomic techniques, have also been important in enhancing understanding of NR functions. Structural models and docking studies are the first step towards the discovery of invertebrate NR ligands as well as to understanding the binding properties of these NRs. The objective of this work is to review the NR ligands of invertebrates, specifically retinoids, steroids, fatty acids and phospholipids, bile acids and vitamin D, tyrosine derivatives and porphyrins. Non-typical NR ligands such as metals and gases are also described. We also address structural and evolutionary aspects. Exploring the ligands of invertebrate nuclear receptors, whether endogenous or exogenous, is a strategy that enables us to understand the role these receptors play in the biology of these organisms, as well as to uncover metabolic pathways that are not yet fully understood.
{"title":"Uncovering the diversity of invertebrate nuclear receptors ligands.","authors":"Gabriela Alvite, Adriana Esteves","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The identification of the first nuclear receptors (NRs) several decades ago opened up new avenues for the study of a wide range of physiological processes. Although vertebrate receptors were first to be identified, studies in invertebrates were integral to establishing their transcriptional roles. The determination of 3D structures as well as advances in transcriptomic and proteomic techniques, have also been important in enhancing understanding of NR functions. Structural models and docking studies are the first step towards the discovery of invertebrate NR ligands as well as to understanding the binding properties of these NRs. The objective of this work is to review the NR ligands of invertebrates, specifically retinoids, steroids, fatty acids and phospholipids, bile acids and vitamin D, tyrosine derivatives and porphyrins. Non-typical NR ligands such as metals and gases are also described. We also address structural and evolutionary aspects. Exploring the ligands of invertebrate nuclear receptors, whether endogenous or exogenous, is a strategy that enables us to understand the role these receptors play in the biology of these organisms, as well as to uncover metabolic pathways that are not yet fully understood.</p>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":" ","pages":"111142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-29DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111166
Hao Jing , Kai Yang , Yue Wang , Zi-yue Chen , Nuo Sun , Zhi-shu Zhu , Min Zhang , Guang-hua Wang
Interferon-gamma (IFNγ) is a key immune regulator in teleost fish, yet its mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory role of recombinant Sebastes schlegelii IFNγ (rSsIFNγ) in intestinal cells (SSICs) and characterized the antiviral effector myxovirus resistance protein 2 (SsMx2). Transcriptome sequencing revealed 7231 differentially expressed genes, with principal component analysis (PCA) showing clear separation between experimental and control groups. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated significant enrichment of immune-related pathways, particularly antigen processing and presentation, Janus kinase–signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling. rSsIFNγ treatment upregulated major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, key cytokines, and multiple antimicrobial effectors. We cloned the full-length ssmx2 cDNA, which encodes a 644-amino acid protein containing conserved GTPase and effector domains. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed high sequence conservation with other teleost Mx proteins. ssmx2 showed tissue-specific expression, was strongly induced by pathogen challenge and rSsIFNγ stimulation, and localized mainly to the cytoplasm. Collectively, these results demonstrate that rSsIFNγ reprograms intestinal immune responses through activation of multiple signaling pathways and identify SsMx2 as an important interferon-inducible antiviral effector in rockfish.
{"title":"Transcriptomic analysis of the comprehensive immune responses induced by recombinant interferon γ and characterization of antiviral Mx2 protein in black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii","authors":"Hao Jing , Kai Yang , Yue Wang , Zi-yue Chen , Nuo Sun , Zhi-shu Zhu , Min Zhang , Guang-hua Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interferon-gamma (IFNγ) is a key immune regulator in teleost fish, yet its mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory role of recombinant <em>Sebastes schlegelii</em> IFNγ (rSsIFNγ) in intestinal cells (SSICs) and characterized the antiviral effector myxovirus resistance protein 2 (SsMx2). Transcriptome sequencing revealed 7231 differentially expressed genes, with principal component analysis (PCA) showing clear separation between experimental and control groups. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated significant enrichment of immune-related pathways, particularly antigen processing and presentation, Janus kinase–signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling. rSsIFNγ treatment upregulated major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, key cytokines, and multiple antimicrobial effectors. We cloned the full-length <em>ssmx2</em> cDNA, which encodes a 644-amino acid protein containing conserved GTPase and effector domains. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed high sequence conservation with other teleost Mx proteins. <em>ssmx2</em> showed tissue-specific expression, was strongly induced by pathogen challenge and rSsIFNγ stimulation, and localized mainly to the cytoplasm. Collectively, these results demonstrate that rSsIFNγ reprograms intestinal immune responses through activation of multiple signaling pathways and identify SsMx2 as an important interferon-inducible antiviral effector in rockfish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 111166"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-12DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111164
Khalida Bainour, Óscar Monroig, Marc Ramos-Llorens, Juan C. Navarro
Polychaetes are promising sources of n-3 long-chain (≥C20) polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) due to their ability to synthesise these essential nutrients through elongases, front-end desaturases (Fed), and methyl-end desaturases. Salinity can influence lipid metabolism in aquatic invertebrates by triggering osmotic stress that alters membrane lipid composition. This study investigates the effect of salinity on LC-PUFA biosynthesis in the polychaete, Platynereis dumerilii, a model organism in Evolutionary and Developmental Biology. In vivo trials were conducted with juveniles under standard conditions (18 °C, 16 L:8D photoperiod, frozen spinach as feed), evaluating three salinity levels: 30 ‰, 35 ‰, and 40 ‰. After one month, survival and growth were assessed, and samples were collected to evaluate the modulation of n-3 LC-PUFA biosynthesis by analysing total lipids, fatty acid (FA) profiles, and gene expression of elongases, desaturases, and transcription factors (TF). Despite a uniform diet, P. dumerilii at 40 ‰ salinity exhibited elevated levels of n-3 LC-PUFA (20:4n-3, 20:5n-3, 22:5n-3). Variations in FA profiles suggest salinity plays a regulatory role in lipid metabolism. Gene expression analysis showed significant upregulation of a Fed, with Δ6/Δ8 activity, under high salinity (40 ‰), consistent with reduced levels of its substrates, eicosadienoic acid (20:2n-6) and eicosatrienoic acid (20:3n-3). Additionally, the TF EcR (Ecdysone receptor) showed increased expression, suggesting involvement in LC-PUFA biosynthesis regulation. These findings indicate that cultivating P. dumerilii in high salinity may enhance its n-3 LC-PUFA content. Similarly, the nutritional value of other polychaetes, considered sustainable alternatives for aquaculture feed, may be improved through salinity modulation.
{"title":"Effects of salinity on the regulation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in the polychaete Platynereis dumerilii","authors":"Khalida Bainour, Óscar Monroig, Marc Ramos-Llorens, Juan C. Navarro","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polychaetes are promising sources of n-3 long-chain (≥C<sub>20</sub>) polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) due to their ability to synthesise these essential nutrients through elongases, front-end desaturases (Fed), and methyl-end desaturases. Salinity can influence lipid metabolism in aquatic invertebrates by triggering osmotic stress that alters membrane lipid composition. This study investigates the effect of salinity on LC-PUFA biosynthesis in the polychaete, <em>Platynereis dumerilii</em>, a model organism in Evolutionary and Developmental Biology. In vivo trials were conducted with juveniles under standard conditions (18 °C, 16 L:8D photoperiod, frozen spinach as feed), evaluating three salinity levels: 30 ‰, 35 ‰, and 40 ‰. After one month, survival and growth were assessed, and samples were collected to evaluate the modulation of n-3 LC-PUFA biosynthesis by analysing total lipids, fatty acid (FA) profiles, and gene expression of elongases, desaturases, and transcription factors (TF). Despite a uniform diet, <em>P. dumerilii</em> at 40 ‰ salinity exhibited elevated levels of n-3 LC-PUFA (20:4n-3, 20:5n-3, 22:5n-3). Variations in FA profiles suggest salinity plays a regulatory role in lipid metabolism. Gene expression analysis showed significant upregulation of a Fed, with Δ6/Δ8 activity, under high salinity (40 ‰), consistent with reduced levels of its substrates, eicosadienoic acid (20:2n-6) and eicosatrienoic acid (20:3n-3). Additionally, the TF EcR (Ecdysone receptor) showed increased expression, suggesting involvement in LC-PUFA biosynthesis regulation. These findings indicate that cultivating <em>P. dumerilii</em> in high salinity may enhance its n-3 LC-PUFA content. Similarly, the nutritional value of other polychaetes, considered sustainable alternatives for aquaculture feed, may be improved through salinity modulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 111164"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145066315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-12DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111163
William Johnston, Sally Adil, Jan A. Mennigen
Rainbow trout, which are comparatively intolerant to low oxygen, face increasing hypoxic events. This study investigated their metabolic and molecular responses to acute hypoxia and investigated whether O2-dependent epigenetic marks mediate these responses. Adult rainbow trout were exposed to normoxia (10.5 mg/L dissolved oxygen (DO)), 50 % hypoxia (5.25 mg/L DO) and 25 % oxygen saturation (2.61 mg/L DO) for 4 h. Plasma metabolites and cortisol were measured, as were transcripts of hypoxia-responsive genes involved in oxygen sensing, glucose/lactate metabolism, and lipid metabolism in liver, white/red muscle, and adipose tissue. Global DNA methylation and promoter-specific histone modifications (H3K4me3) were profiled in the liver. Lactate and, to a lesser extent, glucose concentrations increased, while lipid metabolites remained unchanged. The stress hormone cortisol was significantly elevated. At the tissue level, the liver was most sensitive to hypoxia and exhibited the most pronounced transcriptional changes. Hepatic gene transcripts involved in lactate transport and glycolysis increased at 50 % oxygen saturation, while gene transcripts involved in gluconeogenesis and fatty acid import and synthesis were induced at 25 % oxygen saturation. Hepatic global DNA methylation remained unchanged, but promoter-specific H3K4me3 modifications were observed for the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 gene. However, no direct correlation between pck1 H3K4me3 promoter occupancy and pck1 expression was evident, suggesting other transcriptional control mechanisms. This research provides insights into the tissue-specific metabolic responses and epigenetic mechanisms in rainbow trout under acute hypoxia, paving the way for comparative studies probing the role of oxygen-sensitive epigenetic markers in transcriptional responses to hypoxia in other fish species.
{"title":"Transcriptional and epigenetic responses to acute hypoxia exposure in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","authors":"William Johnston, Sally Adil, Jan A. Mennigen","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rainbow trout, which are comparatively intolerant to low oxygen, face increasing hypoxic events. This study investigated their metabolic and molecular responses to acute hypoxia and investigated whether O<sub>2</sub>-dependent epigenetic marks mediate these responses. Adult rainbow trout were exposed to normoxia (10.5 mg/L dissolved oxygen (DO)), 50 % hypoxia (5.25 mg/L DO) and 25 % oxygen saturation (2.61 mg/L DO) for 4 h. Plasma metabolites and cortisol were measured, as were transcripts of hypoxia-responsive genes involved in oxygen sensing, glucose/lactate metabolism, and lipid metabolism in liver, white/red muscle, and adipose tissue. Global DNA methylation and promoter-specific histone modifications (H3K4me3) were profiled in the liver. Lactate and, to a lesser extent, glucose concentrations increased, while lipid metabolites remained unchanged. The stress hormone cortisol was significantly elevated. At the tissue level, the liver was most sensitive to hypoxia and exhibited the most pronounced transcriptional changes. Hepatic gene transcripts involved in lactate transport and glycolysis increased at 50 % oxygen saturation, while gene transcripts involved in gluconeogenesis and fatty acid import and synthesis were induced at 25 % oxygen saturation. Hepatic global DNA methylation remained unchanged, but promoter-specific H3K4me3 modifications were observed for the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 gene. However, no direct correlation between <em>pck1</em> H3K4me3 promoter occupancy and <em>pck1</em> expression was evident, suggesting other transcriptional control mechanisms. This research provides insights into the tissue-specific metabolic responses and epigenetic mechanisms in rainbow trout under acute hypoxia, paving the way for comparative studies probing the role of oxygen-sensitive epigenetic markers in transcriptional responses to hypoxia in other fish species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 111163"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145066293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-10DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111162
Yeonji Lee , Suhyeok Kim , Mirasha Hasanthi , Sanghyun Song , Sua Kim , Kyeong-Jun Lee
This research aimed to determine the dietary requirement of thiamine and evaluate its effects on olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Control diet (Con) was formulated without thiamine supplementation, while four additional diets were formulated with thiamine concentrations of 4, 8, 12 and 16 mg/kg diet (designated as T4, T8, T12 and T16, respectively). A total of 300 fish (initial weight, 55.5 ± 1.3 g) were randomly distributed into 15 tanks (triplicate groups per treatment, 20 fish per tank) and fed for 10 weeks. One-way ANOVA was performed to analyze treatment effects. Final body weight was significantly increased in all the thiamine-supplemented groups compared to the Con group. Significant improvements in weight gain, specific growth rate and feed utilization were observed in T4 and T16 groups compared to the Con group. Immune responses, including anti-protease, lysozyme and myeloperoxidase activities and total immnunoglobulin concentration were significantly increased in the T4-T12 thiamine-supplemented groups. Antioxidant activity was significantly increased in all thiamine-supplemented groups. Trypsin activity was significantly elevated in the 4–12 mg/kg groups, while amylase and lipase activities were enhanced in all thiamine-supplemented groups. Anti-inflammatory genes were significantly upregulated in thiamine-supplemented groups compared to the Con. Thiamine supplementation promoted an increase in goblet cell count and villi length in intestine. A broken-line regression analysis for weight gain indicated that the optimal thiamine requirement for olive flounder would be 3.05 mg/kg diet. These findings demonstrate the positive effects of dietary thiamine on growth, immunity, antioxidant activity, digestive enzyme activity and intestinal health in olive flounder.
{"title":"Dietary thiamine supplementation enhances the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, intestine development, immunity and anti-inflammatory gene expression of juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)","authors":"Yeonji Lee , Suhyeok Kim , Mirasha Hasanthi , Sanghyun Song , Sua Kim , Kyeong-Jun Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research aimed to determine the dietary requirement of thiamine and evaluate its effects on olive flounder (<em>Paralichthys olivaceus</em>). Control diet (Con) was formulated without thiamine supplementation, while four additional diets were formulated with thiamine concentrations of 4, 8, 12 and 16 mg/kg diet (designated as T4, T8, T12 and T16, respectively). A total of 300 fish (initial weight, 55.5 ± 1.3 g) were randomly distributed into 15 tanks (triplicate groups per treatment, 20 fish per tank) and fed for 10 weeks. One-way ANOVA was performed to analyze treatment effects. Final body weight was significantly increased in all the thiamine-supplemented groups compared to the Con group. Significant improvements in weight gain, specific growth rate and feed utilization were observed in T4 and T16 groups compared to the Con group. Immune responses, including anti-protease, lysozyme and myeloperoxidase activities and total immnunoglobulin concentration were significantly increased in the T4-T12 thiamine-supplemented groups. Antioxidant activity was significantly increased in all thiamine-supplemented groups. Trypsin activity was significantly elevated in the 4–12 mg/kg groups, while amylase and lipase activities were enhanced in all thiamine-supplemented groups. Anti-inflammatory genes were significantly upregulated in thiamine-supplemented groups compared to the Con. Thiamine supplementation promoted an increase in goblet cell count and villi length in intestine. A broken-line regression analysis for weight gain indicated that the optimal thiamine requirement for olive flounder would be 3.05 mg/kg diet. These findings demonstrate the positive effects of dietary thiamine on growth, immunity, antioxidant activity, digestive enzyme activity and intestinal health in olive flounder.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 111162"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145056083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-08DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111161
Asieh Najafi , Amir Parviz Salati , Sara Ferrando , Ali Shahriari , Mansour Torfi Mozanzadeh
This study evaluated the effects of dietary recovered frying soybean oil (RFSBO) and selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on growth performance, hepatic metabolism, intestinal morphology, and the expression of antioxidant, immune, and growth-related genes in juvenile Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer, 41.5 ± 0.1 g) reared under high temperature (32–33 °C) and high salinity (38–40 ppt). Six diets were formulated: fresh soybean oil (FSBO), FSBO + SN (4 mg/kg SeNPs), 50 % RFSBO, 50 % RFSBO + SN, 100 % RFSBO, and 100 % RFSBO + SN. Fish (n = 450) were randomly assigned to 18 tanks and fed to apparent satiation three times daily for eight weeks. Fish fed 50 % RFSBO + SN achieved similar final weights to the FSBO group but with significantly better feed conversion ratio, improved gut wall, epithelial, and villus height, and lower malic enzyme activity, indicating reduced metabolic stress. Hepatic triglycerides were significantly lower in this group than in FSBO-fed fish, while glycogen content was maintained. In contrast, 100 % RFSBO caused histological damage, oxidative stress, elevated isocitrate dehydrogenase activity, and lipid imbalance, with SeNPs offering only partial mitigation. SeNP supplementation upregulated gpx1, lyz, il-1β, and igf1 expression under moderate oxidative stress but had limited effects under severe conditions. Overall, RFSBO can replace up to 50 % of dietary FSBO without compromising growth or intestinal health when combined with SeNPs, but higher levels reduce SeNP efficacy. These findings support the use of moderate RFSBO inclusion with SeNP supplementation to sustain fish health and performance under challenging environmental conditions.
{"title":"Growth performance, lipid metabolism, gut histoarchitecture and immune and antioxidant related gene expression in juvenile Asian sea bass, Lates calcarifer fed peroxidized lipids with or without dietary selenium nanoparticles","authors":"Asieh Najafi , Amir Parviz Salati , Sara Ferrando , Ali Shahriari , Mansour Torfi Mozanzadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the effects of dietary recovered frying soybean oil (RFSBO) and selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on growth performance, hepatic metabolism, intestinal morphology, and the expression of antioxidant, immune, and growth-related genes in juvenile Asian sea bass (<em>Lates calcarifer</em>, 41.5 ± 0.1 g) reared under high temperature (32–33 °C) and high salinity (38–40 ppt). Six diets were formulated: fresh soybean oil (FSBO), FSBO + SN (4 mg/kg SeNPs), 50 % RFSBO, 50 % RFSBO + SN, 100 % RFSBO, and 100 % RFSBO + SN. Fish (<em>n</em> = 450) were randomly assigned to 18 tanks and fed to apparent satiation three times daily for eight weeks. Fish fed 50 % RFSBO + SN achieved similar final weights to the FSBO group but with significantly better feed conversion ratio, improved gut wall, epithelial, and villus height, and lower malic enzyme activity, indicating reduced metabolic stress. Hepatic triglycerides were significantly lower in this group than in FSBO-fed fish, while glycogen content was maintained. In contrast, 100 % RFSBO caused histological damage, oxidative stress, elevated isocitrate dehydrogenase activity, and lipid imbalance, with SeNPs offering only partial mitigation. SeNP supplementation upregulated <em>gpx1</em>, <em>lyz</em>, <em>il-1β</em>, and <em>igf1</em> expression under moderate oxidative stress but had limited effects under severe conditions. Overall, RFSBO can replace up to 50 % of dietary FSBO without compromising growth or intestinal health when combined with SeNPs, but higher levels reduce SeNP efficacy. These findings support the use of moderate RFSBO inclusion with SeNP supplementation to sustain fish health and performance under challenging environmental conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 111161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145034639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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