Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-09-29DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111166
Hao Jing , Kai Yang , Yue Wang , Zi-yue Chen , Nuo Sun , Zhi-shu Zhu , Min Zhang , Guang-hua Wang
Interferon-gamma (IFNγ) is a key immune regulator in teleost fish, yet its mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory role of recombinant Sebastes schlegelii IFNγ (rSsIFNγ) in intestinal cells (SSICs) and characterized the antiviral effector myxovirus resistance protein 2 (SsMx2). Transcriptome sequencing revealed 7231 differentially expressed genes, with principal component analysis (PCA) showing clear separation between experimental and control groups. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated significant enrichment of immune-related pathways, particularly antigen processing and presentation, Janus kinase–signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling. rSsIFNγ treatment upregulated major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, key cytokines, and multiple antimicrobial effectors. We cloned the full-length ssmx2 cDNA, which encodes a 644-amino acid protein containing conserved GTPase and effector domains. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed high sequence conservation with other teleost Mx proteins. ssmx2 showed tissue-specific expression, was strongly induced by pathogen challenge and rSsIFNγ stimulation, and localized mainly to the cytoplasm. Collectively, these results demonstrate that rSsIFNγ reprograms intestinal immune responses through activation of multiple signaling pathways and identify SsMx2 as an important interferon-inducible antiviral effector in rockfish.
{"title":"Transcriptomic analysis of the comprehensive immune responses induced by recombinant interferon γ and characterization of antiviral Mx2 protein in black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii","authors":"Hao Jing , Kai Yang , Yue Wang , Zi-yue Chen , Nuo Sun , Zhi-shu Zhu , Min Zhang , Guang-hua Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interferon-gamma (IFNγ) is a key immune regulator in teleost fish, yet its mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory role of recombinant <em>Sebastes schlegelii</em> IFNγ (rSsIFNγ) in intestinal cells (SSICs) and characterized the antiviral effector myxovirus resistance protein 2 (SsMx2). Transcriptome sequencing revealed 7231 differentially expressed genes, with principal component analysis (PCA) showing clear separation between experimental and control groups. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated significant enrichment of immune-related pathways, particularly antigen processing and presentation, Janus kinase–signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling. rSsIFNγ treatment upregulated major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, key cytokines, and multiple antimicrobial effectors. We cloned the full-length <em>ssmx2</em> cDNA, which encodes a 644-amino acid protein containing conserved GTPase and effector domains. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed high sequence conservation with other teleost Mx proteins. <em>ssmx2</em> showed tissue-specific expression, was strongly induced by pathogen challenge and rSsIFNγ stimulation, and localized mainly to the cytoplasm. Collectively, these results demonstrate that rSsIFNγ reprograms intestinal immune responses through activation of multiple signaling pathways and identify SsMx2 as an important interferon-inducible antiviral effector in rockfish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 111166"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-07-23DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111138
Andrea C. Murillo-Cisneros , Ramón Gaxiola-Robles , Claudia J. Camacho-Hernández , Martha Reyes-Becerril , Orlando Lugo-Lugo , Tania Zenteno-Savín
Developing immortalized cell lines could significantly accelerate studies on marine mammal adaptations to breath-hold diving, ischemia/reperfusion cycles and oxidative stress. In this study, skeletal muscle-derived cells from California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) were transfected with simian virus 40 large T antigen (SV40 LT), a viral oncoprotein known to inactivate cell cycle regulators such as p53 and retinoblastoma (pRB). Although transfection and puromycin selection were successful, transfected cells exhibited morphological abnormalities and reduced viability, suggesting altered cellular proliferation pathways. Significantly higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities (2- and 6.1-fold, respectively), higher protein oxidative damage (3.9-fold), and lower catalase (CAT) activity (6.9-fold) were observed in transfected cells relative to control (untransfected) cells. These findings suggest that peroxide (H₂O₂) accumulation, likely triggered by genotoxic stress, disrupted cellular proliferation and/or cell death pathways in SV40 LT-transfected skeletal muscle-derived cells from California sea lions. Future studies should consider co-transfection with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and the use of lentiviral delivery systems to enhance transfection efficiency, reduce genotoxic effects, and improve culture stability. This study highlights current challenges and offers potential solutions for generating immortalized marine mammal cell lines.
{"title":"Transfection with SV40 LT promotes oxidative damage in primary cultures of California sea lion muscle cells","authors":"Andrea C. Murillo-Cisneros , Ramón Gaxiola-Robles , Claudia J. Camacho-Hernández , Martha Reyes-Becerril , Orlando Lugo-Lugo , Tania Zenteno-Savín","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing immortalized cell lines could significantly accelerate studies on marine mammal adaptations to breath-hold diving, ischemia/reperfusion cycles and oxidative stress. In this study, skeletal muscle-derived cells from California sea lions (<em>Zalophus californianus</em>) were transfected with simian virus 40 large T antigen (SV40 LT), a viral oncoprotein known to inactivate cell cycle regulators such as p53 and retinoblastoma (pRB). Although transfection and puromycin selection were successful, transfected cells exhibited morphological abnormalities and reduced viability, suggesting altered cellular proliferation pathways. Significantly higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities (2- and 6.1-fold, respectively), higher protein oxidative damage (3.9-fold), and lower catalase (CAT) activity (6.9-fold) were observed in transfected cells relative to control (untransfected) cells. These findings suggest that peroxide (H₂O₂) accumulation, likely triggered by genotoxic stress, disrupted cellular proliferation and/or cell death pathways in SV40 LT-transfected skeletal muscle-derived cells from California sea lions. Future studies should consider co-transfection with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and the use of lentiviral delivery systems to enhance transfection efficiency, reduce genotoxic effects, and improve culture stability. This study highlights current challenges and offers potential solutions for generating immortalized marine mammal cell lines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 111138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-08-11DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111145
Zhang Shen, Yu Hua, Li Ying
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on fatty acid metabolism through the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) adipocytes. Grass carp preadipocytes were cultured and treated with various concentrations of CLA (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 μmol/L). Lipid accumulation was assessed using Oil Red O staining. The regulatory effects on mTOR signaling pathway were evaluated using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western Blot (WB). CLA treatment significantly inhibited lipid accumulation and downregulated the expression of genes related to de novo fatty acid synthesis, including fatty acid synthase (fas), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (acc), stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (scd1), and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (srebp-1c). In contrast, the expression of genes related to fatty acid transport and β-oxidation, such as carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1α (cpt-1α) and hormone-sensitive lipase (hsl), was upregulated. These regulatory effects were found to be concentration-dependent. Co-treatment with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin further suppressed the mRNA expression of srebp-1c, fas and acc. Furthermore, CLA reduced the protein expression levels of mTOR and nuclear sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (nSrebp1), while exerting minimal effect on phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR). In summary, CLA appears to modulate lipid metabolism in grass carp adipocytes by inhibiting srebp-1c within the mTOR signaling pathway.
本研究旨在探讨共轭亚油酸（CLA）通过哺乳动物雷帕霉素（mTOR）信号通路对草鱼脂肪细胞脂肪酸代谢的影响。用不同浓度的CLA（0、50、100、150和200 μmol/L）培养草鱼前脂肪细胞。油红O染色检测脂质积累。采用实时荧光定量PCR （RT-qPCR）和Western Blot （WB）方法评价其对mTOR信号通路的调控作用。CLA处理显著抑制脂肪积累，下调脂肪酸合成相关基因的表达，包括脂肪酸合成酶（fas）、乙酰辅酶a羧化酶（acc）、硬脂酰辅酶a去饱和酶1 （scd1）和甾醇调节元件结合蛋白-1c （srebp-1c）。相反，与脂肪酸转运和β-氧化相关的基因，如肉碱棕榈酰转移酶-1α (cpt-1α)和激素敏感脂肪酶（hsl）的表达上调。发现这些调节作用是浓度依赖性的。与mTOR抑制剂雷帕霉素联合治疗进一步抑制srebp-1c、fas和acc的mRNA表达。此外，CLA降低了mTOR和核固醇调控元件结合蛋白1 （nSrebp1）的蛋白表达水平，而对磷酸化mTOR （p-mTOR）的影响很小。综上所述，CLA似乎通过抑制mTOR信号通路中的srebp-1c来调节草鱼脂肪细胞的脂质代谢。
{"title":"Conjugated linoleic acid regulation of fatty acid metabolism by mTOR signaling pathway in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) adipocytes","authors":"Zhang Shen, Yu Hua, Li Ying","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on fatty acid metabolism through the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in grass carp (<em>Ctenopharyngodon idella</em>) adipocytes. Grass carp preadipocytes were cultured and treated with various concentrations of CLA (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 μmol/L). Lipid accumulation was assessed using Oil Red O staining. The regulatory effects on mTOR signaling pathway were evaluated using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western Blot (WB). CLA treatment significantly inhibited lipid accumulation and downregulated the expression of genes related to <em>de novo</em> fatty acid synthesis, including fatty acid synthase (<em>fas</em>), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (<em>acc</em>), stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (<em>scd1</em>), and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (<em>srebp-1c</em>). In contrast, the expression of genes related to fatty acid transport and β-oxidation, such as carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1α (<em>cpt-1α</em>) and hormone-sensitive lipase (<em>hsl</em>), was upregulated. These regulatory effects were found to be concentration-dependent. Co-treatment with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin further suppressed the mRNA expression of <em>srebp-1c, fas</em> and <em>acc</em>. Furthermore, CLA reduced the protein expression levels of mTOR and nuclear sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (nSrebp1), while exerting minimal effect on phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR). In summary, CLA appears to modulate lipid metabolism in grass carp adipocytes by inhibiting srebp-1c within the mTOR signaling pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 111145"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144849693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-08-18DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111146
Xishuang Shan , Xiya Zhang , Binbin Tao , Yanlong Song , Zuoyan Zhu , Wei Hu , Ji Chen
Gonadal development and gamete maturation are essential for fish reproduction. The protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Fb (Ptprfb) is a member of the tyrosine phosphatase family. In the present study, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to mutate ptprfb in zebrafish. A significantly reduced natural fertilization rate of sperm from mutant fish was observed. The mutant fish produced fewer sperm with shorter flagella, and a smaller proportion of sperm could be activated. RNA-seq analysis revealed abnormal expression of some genes in testicular cells, such as hemoglobin subunit βA1 (hbba1), myosin heavy chain 11b (myh11b), and transgelin (tagln), as well as some genes involved in focal adhesion formation. These findings demonstrate that ptprfb contributes to spermatogenesis in zebrafish, and its dysfunction can adversely affect both the quantity and quality of sperm.
{"title":"CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of ptprfb (protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type fb) reveals its regulatory role in zebrafish spermatogenesis","authors":"Xishuang Shan , Xiya Zhang , Binbin Tao , Yanlong Song , Zuoyan Zhu , Wei Hu , Ji Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gonadal development and gamete maturation are essential for fish reproduction. The protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Fb (Ptprfb) is a member of the tyrosine phosphatase family. In the present study, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to mutate <em>ptprfb</em> in zebrafish. A significantly reduced natural fertilization rate of sperm from mutant fish was observed. The mutant fish produced fewer sperm with shorter flagella, and a smaller proportion of sperm could be activated. RNA-seq analysis revealed abnormal expression of some genes in testicular cells, such as hemoglobin subunit βA1 (<em>hbba1</em>), myosin heavy chain 11b (<em>myh11b</em>), and transgelin (<em>tagln</em>), as well as some genes involved in focal adhesion formation. These findings demonstrate that <em>ptprfb</em> contributes to spermatogenesis in zebrafish, and its dysfunction can adversely affect both the quantity and quality of sperm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 111146"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144889982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-08-29DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111151
Rowida E. Ibrahim , Gehad E. Elshopakey , Ahmed S. AlSaqufi , Abdallah Tageldein Mansour , Yousef Alkhamis , Hesham A. Hassanien , Ahmed Abbas , Sameh H. Ismail , Tarek Khamis , Afaf N. Abdel Rahman
This study investigated the potential for chitosan nanogel (CNG) to mitigate adverse consequences of infection by Shewanella spp. in the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. A total of 160 fish (average weight = 27.55 ± 1.50 g) were allocated to four treatments, each with four replicates, for 14 days. Fish in the control and CNG only groups were intraperitoneally injected with 0.2 mL of sterile saline and placed in water treated with 0 or 75 μg/L, respectively, of CNG. Fish in the Shewanella and CNG + Shewanella groups were injected with 0.2 mL of Shewanella spp. (0.14 × 105 colony forming units) and placed in water treated with 0 or 75 μg/L, respectively, of CNG. Infection by Shewanella induced hemorrhages on the skin and base of the fins, fin rot, and scale loss. Shewanella infection decreased the activity of glutathione peroxidase and catalase, with increased malondialdehyde concentration. Shewanella decreased the brain neurotransmitters (dopamine and serotonin), total protein, and globulin levels, while it increased serum glucose and cortisol. The hepatic and renal dysfunction indicators alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatinine were significantly increased by Shewanella infection. Histopathological changes were produced in the liver, kidney, gills, and brain of Shewanella-infected fish. Notably, Shewanella-infected fish in CNG-treated water had reduced abnormal signs, stress markers, and hepatic and renal dysfunction indicators. CNG water application elevated the brain levels of neurotransmitters and protein and improved the tissue histology. Overall, CNG as a water application is useful for mitigating the adverse effects of Shewanella spp. in Nile tilapia.
{"title":"Chitosan nanogel mitigates Shewanella-induced oxidative stress, brain neurotransmitter imbalance, biochemical, hepatic, and renal dysfunction, and histopathological changes in Nile tilapia","authors":"Rowida E. Ibrahim , Gehad E. Elshopakey , Ahmed S. AlSaqufi , Abdallah Tageldein Mansour , Yousef Alkhamis , Hesham A. Hassanien , Ahmed Abbas , Sameh H. Ismail , Tarek Khamis , Afaf N. Abdel Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the potential for chitosan nanogel (CNG) to mitigate adverse consequences of infection by <em>Shewanella</em> spp. in the Nile tilapia, <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>. A total of 160 fish (average weight = 27.55 ± 1.50 g) were allocated to four treatments, each with four replicates, for 14 days. Fish in the control and CNG only groups were intraperitoneally injected with 0.2 mL of sterile saline and placed in water treated with 0 or 75 μg/L, respectively, of CNG. Fish in the <em>Shewanella</em> and CNG + <em>Shewanella</em> groups were injected with 0.2 mL of <em>Shewanella</em> spp. (0.14 × 10<sup>5</sup> colony forming units) and placed in water treated with 0 or 75 μg/L, respectively, of CNG. Infection by <em>Shewanella</em> induced hemorrhages on the skin and base of the fins, fin rot, and scale loss. <em>Shewanella</em> infection decreased the activity of glutathione peroxidase and catalase, with increased malondialdehyde concentration. <em>Shewanella</em> decreased the brain neurotransmitters (dopamine and serotonin), total protein, and globulin levels, while it increased serum glucose and cortisol. The hepatic and renal dysfunction indicators alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatinine were significantly increased by <em>Shewanella</em> infection. Histopathological changes were produced in the liver, kidney, gills, and brain of <em>Shewanella</em>-infected fish. Notably, <em>Shewanella</em>-infected fish in CNG-treated water had reduced abnormal signs, stress markers, and hepatic and renal dysfunction indicators. CNG water application elevated the brain levels of neurotransmitters and protein and improved the tissue histology. Overall, CNG as a water application is useful for mitigating the adverse effects of <em>Shewanella</em> spp. in Nile tilapia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 111151"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144921578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-08-09DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111144
Lizeth C. Flores-Méndez , Victor Hugo Caña-Bozada , Bruno Gómez-Gil , Crisantema Hernández
High-density aquaculture of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) affects welfare by altering cortisol levels, antioxidant response (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and malondialdehyde), and gut microbiota. Agavin is a fructose- and glucose-based polysaccharide containing β-(2-1) and β-(2-6) linkages, known for its potential to mitigate the adverse effects of oxidative stress. This study evaluated the impact of agavin on the intestinal antioxidant response and investigated its correlation with gut microbiota composition and cortisol levels. Fish were fed a control diet (DC0, no agavin) or diets supplemented with 20 g kg−1 (D20) or 40 g kg−1 (D40) of agavin for 110 days. On day 90, all fish were subjected to high-density stress (63 kg m−3). Intestinal superoxide activity, catalase activity, and malondialdehyde concentrations were correlated with previously published plasma cortisol and microbiota data from the same study. Under high-density conditions, the D20 diet increased superoxide dismutase and catalase activity and reduced malondialdehyde concentration compared to the control. Plasma cortisol and malondialdehyde concentration showed a positive correlation (r = 0.67), but plasma cortisol was negatively correlated with superoxide dismutase activity (r = − 0.50). Sixty-nine and 81 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were significantly correlated with catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, respectively, with families from the Order Cytophagales being strongly positively correlated. Cytophagales was also negatively correlated with plasma cortisol and malondialdehyde concentrations. These results suggest that, under stress conditions, agavin promotes the antioxidant response, modulating the intestinal microbiota and reducing cortisol release, which could indicate its utility as a prebiotic in aquaculture.
尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）的高密度养殖通过改变皮质醇水平、抗氧化反应（超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和丙二醛）和肠道微生物群来影响福利。Agavin是一种以果糖和葡萄糖为基础的多糖，含有β-(2-1)和β-(2-6)键，以其减轻氧化应激不良影响的潜力而闻名。本研究评估了agavin对肠道抗氧化反应的影响，并研究了其与肠道微生物群组成和皮质醇水平的相关性。饲喂对照饲料（DC0，不添加）或在饲料中添加20 g kg-1 （D20）或40 g kg-1 (D40) 110 d。在第90天，所有鱼都受到高密度应激（63 kg m-3）。肠道超氧化物活性、过氧化氢酶活性和丙二醛浓度与先前发表的血浆皮质醇和微生物群数据相关。在高密度条件下，与对照组相比，D20饲粮提高了超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性，降低了丙二醛浓度。血浆皮质醇与丙二醛浓度呈正相关（r = 0.67），与超氧化物歧化酶活性呈负相关（r = - 0.50）。69个操作分类单位（otu）和81个操作分类单位（otu）分别与过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性显著相关，与胞噬目家族呈显著正相关。细胞吞噬体也与血浆皮质醇和丙二醛浓度呈负相关。这些结果表明，在应激条件下，agavin促进抗氧化反应，调节肠道微生物群并减少皮质醇释放，这可能表明其作为水产养殖益生元的用途。
{"title":"The effect of agavin on the intestinal antioxidant response and its relationship to gut microbiota and plasma cortisol in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) subjected to overcrowding stress","authors":"Lizeth C. Flores-Méndez , Victor Hugo Caña-Bozada , Bruno Gómez-Gil , Crisantema Hernández","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-density aquaculture of Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>) affects welfare by altering cortisol levels, antioxidant response (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and malondialdehyde), and gut microbiota. Agavin is a fructose- and glucose-based polysaccharide containing β-(2-1) and β-(2-6) linkages, known for its potential to mitigate the adverse effects of oxidative stress. This study evaluated the impact of agavin on the intestinal antioxidant response and investigated its correlation with gut microbiota composition and cortisol levels. Fish were fed a control diet (DC0, no agavin) or diets supplemented with 20 g kg<sup>−1</sup> (D20) or 40 g kg<sup>−1</sup> (D40) of agavin for 110 days. On day 90, all fish were subjected to high-density stress (63 kg m<sup>−3</sup>). Intestinal superoxide activity, catalase activity, and malondialdehyde concentrations were correlated with previously published plasma cortisol and microbiota data from the same study. Under high-density conditions, the D20 diet increased superoxide dismutase and catalase activity and reduced malondialdehyde concentration compared to the control. Plasma cortisol and malondialdehyde concentration showed a positive correlation (<em>r</em> = 0.67), but plasma cortisol was negatively correlated with superoxide dismutase activity (<em>r</em> = − 0.50). Sixty-nine and 81 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were significantly correlated with catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, respectively, with families from the Order Cytophagales being strongly positively correlated. Cytophagales was also negatively correlated with plasma cortisol and malondialdehyde concentrations. These results suggest that, under stress conditions, agavin promotes the antioxidant response, modulating the intestinal microbiota and reducing cortisol release, which could indicate its utility as a prebiotic in aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 111144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144823274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-07-19DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111129
Francisco A. Leone , Leonardo M. Fabri , Samuel C. Faria , Cintya M. Moraes , Luana G.L. Antonio , Daniel L. Farias , Daniela P. Garçon
Mangrove ecosystems are tidal wetlands with anaerobic, salt-saturated soils that support diverse fauna. Despite intensive studies on the osmoregulatory mechanisms of decapods inhabiting distinct osmotic niches, there is little information on the kinetic characteristics of the gill (Na+, K+)-ATPase of decapod crustaceans inhabiting mangroves. Here, we provide a comprehensive kinetic characterization of the K-phosphatase activity of the gill (Na+, K+)-ATPase in two semi-terrestrial brachyuran crabs, Goniopsis cruentata and Cardisoma guanhumi, which respectively inhabit intermittently flooded lower zones and drier upper zones along the vertical gradient of mangrove environments. This study revealed distinct kinetic profiles between the two species. Goniopsis cruentata shows twice as much K-phosphatase activity and a 3-fold greater affinity for p-nitrophenyl phosphate than Cardisoma guanhumi. Substrate hydrolysis by the Goniopsis cruentata enzyme follows cooperative kinetics, whereas Cardisoma guanhumi displays typical Michaelis-Menten behavior. In both species, stimulation by K+ ions shows cooperative kinetics. Notably, Cardisoma guanhumi also exhibits 25% higher K-phosphatase activity when both K+ and NH₄+ are present. However, whether these differences arise from phylogenetic divergence or reflect physiological adaptation to different mangrove microhabitats remains unresolved. Given the paucity of kinetic studies on (Na+, K+)-ATPase in semi-/terrestrial crabs, our data contribute novel insights into the enzymatic basis of ion transport in decapods inhabiting variable salinity environments.
{"title":"Functional modulation of gill (Na+, K+)-ATPase K-phosphatase activity in mangrove crabs with different degrees of terrestriality","authors":"Francisco A. Leone , Leonardo M. Fabri , Samuel C. Faria , Cintya M. Moraes , Luana G.L. Antonio , Daniel L. Farias , Daniela P. Garçon","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mangrove ecosystems are tidal wetlands with anaerobic, salt-saturated soils that support diverse fauna. Despite intensive studies on the osmoregulatory mechanisms of decapods inhabiting distinct osmotic niches, there is little information on the kinetic characteristics of the gill (Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>)-ATPase of decapod crustaceans inhabiting mangroves. Here, we provide a comprehensive kinetic characterization of the K-phosphatase activity of the gill (Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>)-ATPase in two semi-terrestrial brachyuran crabs, <em>Goniopsis cruentata</em> and <em>Cardisoma guanhumi,</em> which respectively inhabit intermittently flooded lower zones and drier upper zones along the vertical gradient of mangrove environments. This study revealed distinct kinetic profiles between the two species. <em>Goniopsis cruentata</em> shows twice as much K-phosphatase activity and a 3-fold greater affinity for <em>p</em>-nitrophenyl phosphate than <em>Cardisoma guanhumi.</em> Substrate hydrolysis by the <em>Goniopsis cruentata</em> enzyme follows cooperative kinetics, whereas <em>Cardisoma guanhumi</em> displays typical Michaelis-Menten behavior. In both species, stimulation by K<sup>+</sup> ions shows cooperative kinetics. Notably, <em>Cardisoma guanhumi</em> also exhibits 25% higher K-phosphatase activity when both K<sup>+</sup> and NH₄<sup>+</sup> are present<em>.</em> However, whether these differences arise from phylogenetic divergence or reflect physiological adaptation to different mangrove microhabitats remains unresolved. Given the paucity of kinetic studies on (Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>)-ATPase in semi-/terrestrial crabs, our data contribute novel insights into the enzymatic basis of ion transport in decapods inhabiting variable salinity environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 111129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144683628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The identification of myostatin (mstn) gene functions in salmonids has been complicated by two whole-gene duplications (WGDs), leading to the presence of up to four mstn genes in their genomes, as opposed to the one or two copies found in other vertebrates. In this research, we molecularly cloned and characterized four mstn genes—Sl-mstna1, Sl-mstna2, Sl-mstnb1, and Sl-mstnb2—in the Black Sea trout (Salmo labrax). We propose that Sl-mstnb2 is a pseudogene due to a nonfunctionalization event, while Sl-mstna1, Sl-mstna2, and Sl-mstnb1 are retained in the Salmo labrax genome due to subfunctionalization. Notably, the expression level of the Sl-mstna1 and Sl-mstna2 genes varied across different tissues, implying divergent regulatory mechanisms. Starvation and high temperature increased mRNA expression of Sl-mstna1 and Sl-mstna2, while Sl-mstnb1 transcription was decreased by both stress factors. The tissue-specific transcription and modulation of Sl-mstnb1 were distinctly different from those of the Sl-mstna duplicates, suggesting functional divergence between the Sl-mstna and Sl-mstnb1 genes.
{"title":"Characterization of myostatin genes in Black Sea trout, Salmo labrax, and their differential responses to high temperature and starvation stressors","authors":"Burcu Naz Uzun , Mehtap Bayır , Eyüp Çakmak , Gökhan Arslan , Wenjing Tao , Serpil Turhan , Selma Saoula , Hakan Özkan , Abdulkadir Bayır","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The identification of myostatin (<em>mstn</em>) gene functions in salmonids has been complicated by two whole-gene duplications (WGDs), leading to the presence of up to four <em>mstn</em> genes in their genomes, as opposed to the one or two copies found in other vertebrates. In this research, we molecularly cloned and characterized four <em>mstn</em> genes—<em>Sl-mstna1</em>, <em>Sl-mstna2</em>, <em>Sl-mstnb1</em>, and <em>Sl-mstnb2</em>—in the Black Sea trout (<em>Salmo labrax</em>). We propose that <em>Sl-mstnb2</em> is a pseudogene due to a nonfunctionalization event, while <em>Sl-mstna1</em>, <em>Sl-mstna2</em>, and <em>Sl-mstnb1</em> are retained in the <em>Salmo labrax</em> genome due to subfunctionalization. Notably, the expression level of the <em>Sl-mstna1</em> and <em>Sl-mstna2</em> genes varied across different tissues, implying divergent regulatory mechanisms. Starvation and high temperature increased mRNA expression of <em>Sl-mstna1</em> and <em>Sl-mstna2</em>, while <em>Sl-mstnb1</em> transcription was decreased by both stress factors. The tissue-specific transcription and modulation of <em>Sl-mstnb1</em> were distinctly different from those of the <em>Sl-mstna</em> duplicates, suggesting functional divergence between the <em>Sl-mstna</em> and <em>Sl-mstnb1</em> genes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 111136"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-08-18DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111147
Won Chae Jeong , Kun Woo Kim , Jin A Kim , Jun-Hwan Kim , Cheol Young Choi
Microplastics and trace metals such as cadmium (Cd) are environmental contaminants commonly co-occurring in marine ecosystems. We aimed to evaluate the impact of combined exposure of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) to microbeads (MBs) and Cd, focusing on the effects of the depuration process on contaminant removal and stress-related biomarkers. Pacific oysters were exposed to MBs, Cd, and their combination for 48 h, followed by a 72 h depuration process using uncontaminated seawater. We measured the levels of accumulated MBs and Cd in the whole soft tissue of the Pacific oysters to evaluate the degree of contaminant removal. Additionally, the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide were measured and the mRNA expression levels of antioxidant enzymes, metallothionein, and the apoptosis-related gene caspase-3 were analyzed in the Pacific oyster hepatopancreas tissue to evaluate oxidative stress and apoptosis. Our results indicated that Cd was eliminated more slowly than MBs, and the Pacific oysters exposed to combined MB and Cd contaminants maintained higher levels of oxidative stress-related gene expression than those exposed to individual contaminants. These findings suggest that Cd may persist longer in oyster tissues than MBs, potentially leading to prolonged toxicity in the Pacific oyster. Furthermore, in environments where both MBs and Cd are present, MBs can enhance the toxic effects of Cd through a synergistic interaction. Overall, we provide a reference for understanding the depuration and physiological responses of marine bivalves exposed to MBs and Cd.
{"title":"Depuration and post-exposure recovery of oxidative stress responses to microplastics and cadmium in Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas)","authors":"Won Chae Jeong , Kun Woo Kim , Jin A Kim , Jun-Hwan Kim , Cheol Young Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics and trace metals such as cadmium (Cd) are environmental contaminants commonly co-occurring in marine ecosystems. We aimed to evaluate the impact of combined exposure of Pacific oyster (<em>Crassostrea gigas</em>) to microbeads (MBs) and Cd, focusing on the effects of the depuration process on contaminant removal and stress-related biomarkers. Pacific oysters were exposed to MBs, Cd, and their combination for 48 h, followed by a 72 h depuration process using uncontaminated seawater. We measured the levels of accumulated MBs and Cd in the whole soft tissue of the Pacific oysters to evaluate the degree of contaminant removal. Additionally, the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide were measured and the mRNA expression levels of antioxidant enzymes, metallothionein, and the apoptosis-related gene caspase-3 were analyzed in the Pacific oyster hepatopancreas tissue to evaluate oxidative stress and apoptosis. Our results indicated that Cd was eliminated more slowly than MBs, and the Pacific oysters exposed to combined MB and Cd contaminants maintained higher levels of oxidative stress-related gene expression than those exposed to individual contaminants. These findings suggest that Cd may persist longer in oyster tissues than MBs, potentially leading to prolonged toxicity in the Pacific oyster. Furthermore, in environments where both MBs and Cd are present, MBs can enhance the toxic effects of Cd through a synergistic interaction. Overall, we provide a reference for understanding the depuration and physiological responses of marine bivalves exposed to MBs and Cd.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 111147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-08-21DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111148
Mengge Xu , Siting Wang , Chen Liang , Dan Yang , Meimei Liu , Zhiguo Dong
This study investigated the tissue-specific expression and subcellular localization of sex differentiation-related genes of Cyclina sinensis, and then analyzed the effects of hormone treatment (1 and 50 μg/L estradiol treatment (E-1, E-50), 1 and 50 μg/L testosterone (T-1, T-50), and a control group (C)) on the sex ratio, gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, hormone content, and expression of sex differentiation-related genes of juvenile C. sinensis. Vitellogenin (Vg), testis-specific serine kinase 1 (Tssk1), doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 1 (Dmrt1), and Wnt family member 4 (Wnt4) were significantly expressed in the gonads of adult C. sinensis, and the in situ hybridization signals of forkhead box L2 (Foxl2) and SRY-box transcription factor 9 (Sox9) were localized in nuclei of oogonia and oocytes and in spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and sperm, respectively. The male to female ratio was 7:3 in group T-1 after 60 days of hormone treatment, but this effect was not statistically significant. In the E-1 group, Vg was highly expressed in the ovary at days 30 and 120. TSSK1 was highly expressed in the testes of the T-1 and T-50 groups at 120 days (60 days after the cessation of hormone treatment). The expression of Foxl2 was significantly higher in the ovaries of the T-1 group at 60 days, relative to the control and other hormone-treated groups. Sox9 was highly expressed in the testes at 120 days. The concentrations of testosterone and estradiol in the gonad of C. sinensis increased initially and then decreased. Overall, these results revealed that hormones caused disruption of sex determination and expression of sex-differentiation genes in juvenile C. sinensis.
{"title":"Molecular expression of genes related to sex differentiation and their response to sex steroid hormones in the clam Chinese cyclina (Cyclina sinensis)","authors":"Mengge Xu , Siting Wang , Chen Liang , Dan Yang , Meimei Liu , Zhiguo Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpb.2025.111148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the tissue-specific expression and subcellular localization of sex differentiation-related genes of <em>Cyclina sinensis,</em> and then analyzed the effects of hormone treatment (1 and 50 μg/L estradiol treatment (E-1, E-50), 1 and 50 μg/L testosterone (T-1, T-50), and a control group (C)) on the sex ratio, gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, hormone content, and expression of sex differentiation-related genes of juvenile <em>C. sinensis</em>. <em>Vitellogenin</em> (<em>Vg</em>), <em>testis-specific serine kinase 1</em> (<em>Tssk1</em>), <em>doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 1</em> (<em>Dmrt1</em>), and <em>Wnt</em> family member 4 (<em>Wnt4</em>) were significantly expressed in the gonads of adult <em>C. sinensis</em>, and the <em>in situ</em> hybridization signals of <em>forkhead box L2</em> (<em>Foxl2</em>) and <em>SRY-box transcription factor 9</em> (<em>Sox9</em>) were localized in nuclei of oogonia and oocytes and in spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and sperm, respectively. The male to female ratio was 7:3 in group T-1 after 60 days of hormone treatment, but this effect was not statistically significant. In the E-1 group, <em>Vg</em> was highly expressed in the ovary at days 30 and 120. <em>TSSK1</em> was highly expressed in the testes of the T-1 and T-50 groups at 120 days (60 days after the cessation of hormone treatment). The expression of <em>Foxl2</em> was significantly higher in the ovaries of the T-1 group at 60 days, relative to the control and other hormone-treated groups. <em>Sox9</em> was highly expressed in the testes at 120 days. The concentrations of testosterone and estradiol in the gonad of <em>C. sinensis</em> increased initially and then decreased. Overall, these results revealed that hormones caused disruption of sex determination and expression of sex-differentiation genes in juvenile <em>C. sinensis</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55236,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 111148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144921582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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