Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology最新文献_第5页

Arctic seabirds exposed to acute stress display state- and environment-dependent patterns of surface temperature change, independent of mercury contamination 北极海鸟暴露于急性应激显示状态和环境依赖模式的表面温度变化，独立于汞污染。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111948

Melissa L. Grunst , Andrea S. Grunst , David Grémillet , Manon Amiguet , Julie Charrier , Marta Cruz-Flores , Thomas Lacoue-Labarthe , Jérôme Fort

Animals mount a suite of physiological reactions when confronted with acute stressors, including changes in body temperature (T_b). Such thermal stress responses (TSRs) are important to survival, but may also generate heat stress, making regulation critical. Poor body condition and exposure to chemical contaminants, such as mercury (Hg), a neurotoxin and endocrine disruptor, may have physiological effects that disrupt modulation of TSRs. Implications of such effects could be magnified by climate change. We used infrared thermography (IRT) imagery to measure stress-induced changes in body surface temperature (maximum temperature of the eye region; T_EYE) of an Arctic seabird, the little auk (Alle alle). We evaluated how changes were correlated with Hg contamination, body condition, blood chemistry parameters and ambient temperature (T_a). As Arctic animals, little auks are cold-adapted and face warming rates nearly four times the global average, making them vulnerable to heat stress. Little auks displayed a robust TSR with T_EYE at sample point 1–3 (mean ± SD) of 28.9 ± 6.86 °C, 33.7 ± 5.48 °C, and 35.4 ± 5.76 °C, respectively. Mercury load was unrelated to changes in T_EYE. However, T_EYE was elevated at higher T_a (β ± SE =3.214 ± 0.733) across sampling time points, suggesting upregulation of heat dissipation. Furthermore, little auks in poor condition displayed lower magnitude changes in T_EYE (β ± SE = 0.688 ± 0.232), and several blood chemistry parameters were correlated to changes in T_EYE. Results suggest that thermoregulatory dynamics in the face of acute stress depend on environmental and physiological state.

动物在面对急性应激源时，会产生一系列生理反应，包括体温的变化（Tb）。这种热应激反应（tsr）对生存很重要，但也可能产生热应激，因此调节至关重要。身体状况不佳和接触化学污染物，如汞（一种神经毒素和内分泌干扰物），可能会产生生理影响，破坏tsr的调节。这种影响的影响可能会被气候变化放大。我们使用红外热像仪（IRT）图像来测量北极海鸟小海雀（Alle Alle）的体表温度（眼睛区域的最高温度；TEYE）的应力引起的变化。我们评估了这些变化与汞污染、身体状况、血液化学参数和环境温度（Ta）的关系。作为北极动物，小海雀适应寒冷，面临的变暖速度几乎是全球平均水平的四倍，这使它们容易受到热应激的影响。小雀显示一个健壮的TSR TEYE在采样点1 - 3(平均 ± SD) 28.9 ±6.86  °C, 33.7±5.48  °C,和35.4 ±5.76  °C,分别。汞负荷与TEYE的变化无关。然而，在较高的Ta值下，TEYE升高（β ± SE =3.214 ± 0.733），表明热耗散上调。此外，条件较差的小海雀TEYE变化幅度较小（β ± SE = 0.688 ± 0.232），且多个血液化学参数与TEYE变化相关。结果表明，急性应激时的体温调节动力学取决于环境和生理状态。

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引用次数: 0

Gastrointestinal effects of crustacean shell by-products in diets for farmed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) 养殖大西洋鳕鱼（Gadus morhua）日粮中甲壳类副产品对胃肠的影响。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111951

Martina Quagliardi , Trond M. Kortner , André S. Bogevik , Elvis Chikwati , Kathrine Ryvold Bakkemo , Elin Christine Valen , Ellen Elisabeth K. Hage , Guro Løkka

By-products from crustaceans destined for human consumption are often discarded but may serve as sustainable aqua-feed ingredients. This study assessed short-term physiological responses in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) when 15 % sunflower meal in commercial diets was replaced with 15 % brown crab (Cancer pagurus) or 10 % shrimp (Pandalus borealis) shell meals. In a 27-day trial, cod (∼300 g) in triplicate 500 l tanks (n = 29–36) were fed isoenergetic diets. Growth, feed intake, distal intestinal (DI) dry matter, amino acid digestibility, and mineral content were measured, alongside gastrointestinal macro- and microanatomy, digestive enzymes, bile salts, and gut gene expression.

Diet had no significant effect on feed intake or growth. Crab shell meal (CSM) increased DI calcium (13 % vs. 3 %), dry matter (24 % vs. 15–19 %), and amino acid digestibility (91 % vs. 89 %), while reducing dry matter digestibility (57 % vs. 66–68 %) and trypsin activity. In the pyloric caeca (PC), CSM-fed fish had the highest bile salt level and maltase capacity. Sunflower meal increased DI lamina propria cellularity, DI iron and copper, while shrimp shell meal increased DI phosphorus (2.4 % vs. 1.3 %). Bile salts, trypsin, maltase, and LAP activity peaked in the PC and decreased distally. Relative intestinal length correlated with fish weight (r = 0.53, P < 0.001). Pancreatic digestive enzyme genes and osmoregulatory genes (atp1a1, aqp8) peaked in PC, whereas slc26a6 expression was negligible throughout.

Crustacean shell meals are promising as sustainable feed ingredients for Atlantic cod, and the study offers novel insights into gut structure and function with implications for intestinal health in farmed cod.

用于人类消费的甲壳类动物的副产品通常被丢弃，但可以作为可持续的水产饲料成分。本研究评估了当商业饲料中15% %的葵花籽粕被15% %的棕蟹（Cancer pagurus）或10% %的虾（Pandalus borealis）壳粕取代时，大西洋鳕鱼（Gadus morhua）的短期生理反应。在27天的试验中，投喂3个重复500个 L （n = 29-36）的cod（~300 g）等能饲料。测量生长、采食量、远端肠（DI）干物质、氨基酸消化率和矿物质含量，以及胃肠道宏观和微观解剖、消化酶、胆汁盐和肠道基因表达。日粮对采食量和生长均无显著影响。蟹壳粉（CSM）提高了DI钙（13 % vs. 3 %）、干物质（24 % vs. 15-19 %）和氨基酸消化率（91 % vs. 89 %），同时降低了干物质消化率（57 % vs. 66-68 %）和胰蛋白酶活性。在幽门盲肠（PC）中，csm饲料鱼的胆汁盐和麦芽糖酶活性最高。葵花籽粕增加了DI磷（2.4 % vs. 1.3 %）和固有层细胞的数量。胆盐沿中肠下降，胰蛋白酶、麦芽糖酶和LAP活性在中肠达到峰值，远端下降。相对肠长与鱼体重相关(r = 0.72，P

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引用次数: 0

Hyperoxia acclimation and the aerobic response in red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) 红鼓鱼的高氧驯化和有氧反应。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111949

Benjamin Negrete Jr , Kerri Lynn Ackerly , Madison R. Schumm , Andrew J. Esbaugh

Hyperoxia is supersaturation of oxygen beyond 100 % air saturation (∼21 kPa) in aquatic environments. Hyperoxia promotes an oxygen diffusion gradient that greatly increases arterial and venous oxygen in the circulatory system of fish. Under these conditions fish can potentially upregulate mechanisms that benefit from supersaturation by increasing oxygen use and delivery. To test this, we acclimated the estuarine red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) to three weeks of normoxic control (100 % air saturation, ∼20.7 kPa) or hyperoxic treatment (150 % air saturation, ∼32.5 kPa). We measured whole-animal metabolic rate in a cross design to assess aerobic scope and observed oxygen supply capacity, α_o. Following recovery, fish were sampled for magnitude of the Root effect and mitochondrial respiration of cardiac tissue. Red drum acclimated to hyperoxia showed lower mean cell hemoglobin content, decreased methemoglobin, and a modest decrease in red blood cell pH. The Root effect, the pH sensitivity that limits carrying capacity, was measured to ascertain differences in O₂ delivery in the heart; however, we found no differences due to acclimation. Cardiac mitochondria respiration showed no difference between acclimations. Acclimation did not impact whole-animal metabolic rate. However, fish from both acclimations increased maximum metabolic rate when exhaustively exercised in hyperoxia, which subsequently increased aerobic scope. Measures of α calculated at maximum metabolic rate and at the critical oxygen tension (P_crit) showed that α was lower when calculated in hyperoxia than normoxia or at P_crit. These data suggest that fish can benefit from hyperoxia in acute exposures, with subtle adjustments made in chronic hyperoxia.

高氧是指水环境中氧气饱和度超过100 %空气饱和度（~21 kPa）。高氧促进了氧气扩散梯度，大大增加了鱼类循环系统中的动脉和静脉氧气。在这些条件下，鱼类可以通过增加氧气的使用和输送，潜在地上调从过饱和中受益的机制。为了验证这一点，我们将河口红桶（Sciaenops ocellatus）驯化为三周的常氧控制（100 %空气饱和度，~20.7 kPa）或高氧处理（150 %空气饱和度，~32.5 kPa）。我们采用交叉设计测量全动物代谢率，以评估有氧范围和观察供氧能力αo。恢复后，对鱼进行取样，观察根效应的大小和心脏组织的线粒体呼吸作用。适应高氧的红鼓表现出较低的平均细胞血红蛋白含量，降低的高铁血红蛋白，和适度的红细胞pH降低。根效应，pH敏感性限制承载能力，测量以确定在心脏中O2输送的差异；然而，由于驯化，我们没有发现差异。心肌线粒体呼吸在不同驯化条件下无显著差异。驯化不影响全动物代谢率。然而，经过两种驯化的鱼在高氧环境下筋疲力尽地运动时，最大代谢率都增加了，这随后增加了有氧范围。在最大代谢率和临界氧张力（Pcrit）下计算的α值表明，高氧状态下计算的α值低于常氧状态和Pcrit状态。这些数据表明，鱼类可以从急性高氧暴露中受益，在慢性高氧中进行细微的调整。

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引用次数: 0

Acclimation to moderate hypoxia improves acute hypoxia tolerance of diploid and triploid brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis 适度缺氧驯化可提高二倍体和三倍体丹参的急性缺氧耐受性

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111957

Sarah A. McGeachy, Tillmann J. Benfey

Triploid salmonids are used in aquaculture and stocking programs for recreational fishing because they are reproductively sterile and therefore cannot breed in the wild. However, they appear to be more sensitive than diploids to environmental stressors. The objective of this study was to develop a better understanding of the hypoxia tolerance of triploids. We compared the acute hypoxia tolerance of sibling diploid and triploid brook charr that were acclimated to either moderate hypoxia (65 % of air saturation) or normoxia (98 % air saturation). Fish then underwent acute hypoxia trials, by slowly injecting nitrogen gas to displace oxygen and using loss of equilibrium (LOE) as the endpoint. The fish acclimated to moderate hypoxia had a lower oxygen tension (PO₂) at LOE compared to fish acclimated to normoxia, regardless of ploidy. Ploidy did not affect time to LOE, but triploids had a higher PO₂ at LOE (i.e., were less tolerant of acute hypoxia) compared to diploids. Potential predictors of acute hypoxia tolerance (hematocrit, blood glucose, blood lactate, relative ventricular mass, hepatosomatic index, condition factor, compact myocardium thickness, and interlamellar cell mass) did not provide conclusive results. However, relative interlamellar cell mass size was larger in triploids, suggesting reduced functional gill surface area for respiratory gas exchange as a possible explanation for their reduced acute hypoxia tolerance. This study has shown the capacity for moderate hypoxia acclimation to improve triploid performance, although not to the same extent as for diploids.

三倍体鲑鱼被用于水产养殖和休闲钓鱼的放养计划，因为它们是生殖不育的，因此不能在野外繁殖。然而，它们似乎比二倍体对环境压力更敏感。本研究的目的是为了更好地了解三倍体的耐缺氧性。我们比较了兄弟二倍体和三倍体小溪鲑的急性缺氧耐受性，它们分别适应中度缺氧（65%的空气饱和度）和常氧（98%的空气饱和度）。然后进行急性缺氧试验，通过缓慢注射氮气来取代氧气，并以平衡损失（LOE）为终点。无论倍性如何，适应中度缺氧的鱼在LOE时的氧张力（PO2）低于适应正常缺氧的鱼。倍性不影响到达LOE的时间，但与二倍体相比，三倍体在LOE时的PO2较高（即对急性缺氧的耐受性较差）。急性缺氧耐受性的潜在预测因子（红细胞比容、血糖、血乳酸、相对心室质量、肝体指数、病情因子、致密心肌厚度和层间细胞质量）没有提供结结性结果。然而，三倍体的相对层间细胞质量更大，表明用于呼吸气体交换的功能鳃表面积减少可能是其急性缺氧耐受性降低的原因。本研究表明，适度缺氧驯化能够提高三倍体的性能，尽管程度不如二倍体。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) as a tool for assessing freshwater fish condition 评价生物电阻抗分析（BIA）作为评估淡水鱼状况的工具

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111958

Maxwell C. Mallett , Jason D. Thiem , Gavin L. Butler , Luke Carpenter-Bundhoo , Curtis Champion , Mark J. Kennard

The nutritional status, or condition, of fish is a key health proxy influencing vital life history processes including migration, reproduction, and recruitment. Numerous morphological, biochemical, and electronic metrics are used to assess fish condition, yet it remains unclear if these metrics are congruent with each other and across species. This study evaluates bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) as a tool for assessing fish condition by comparing it with morphological (e.g. condition index, hepatosomatic index) and biochemical (e.g. percentage and total-body mass compositions of lipid, mineral, protein and water content and bulk C:N ratios in muscle tissue) condition metrics in three native Australian fish species (Macquaria ambigua, Nematalosa erebi, and Percalates novemaculeata) and one invasive species (Cyprinus carpio). Using simple least-squares linear regressions and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), we uncovered that BIA parameters correlated strongly with total-body masses of biochemical components that covary with body size, but showed weaker correlations with percentage compositions of the same components. However, phase angle, a common BIA measure, showed some significant correlations with morphological condition and lipid content, although these relationships were generally weak and species dependent. These findings suggest that BIA can effectively estimate certain physiological parameters, but caution should be applied when interpreting BIA metrics, as their relationship with established indicators of condition may vary. The current study underscores the importance of combining multiple methods to provide a comprehensive understanding of fish condition in freshwater ecosystems, which can be used to provide mechanistic linkages with anthropogenic impacts.

鱼类的营养状况是影响重要生活史过程（包括洄游、繁殖和繁殖）的关键健康指标。许多形态学、生化和电子指标被用来评估鱼类的状况，但这些指标是否彼此一致以及跨物种是否一致仍不清楚。本研究通过比较三种澳大利亚本地鱼类（Macquaria ambigua、Nematalosa erebi和Percalates novemaculeata）和一种入侵物种（Cyprinus carpio）的形态学（如状态指数、肝体指数）和生化（如脂肪、矿物质、蛋白质和水分的百分比和总质量组成以及肌肉组织中的体积C:N比率）状态指标，对生物电阻抗分析（BIA）作为评估鱼类状态的工具进行了评估。利用简单最小二乘线性回归和主成分分析（PCA），我们发现BIA参数与随体型变化的生化成分的总质量有很强的相关性，但与相同成分的百分比组成的相关性较弱。然而，作为BIA常用的测量指标，相位角与形态状况和脂质含量有显著的相关性，尽管这些关系通常较弱且依赖于物种。这些发现表明，BIA可以有效地估计某些生理参数，但在解释BIA指标时应谨慎，因为它们与既定条件指标的关系可能会有所不同。目前的研究强调了将多种方法结合起来对淡水生态系统中鱼类状况的全面了解的重要性，这可以用来提供与人为影响的机制联系。

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引用次数: 0

Vitellogenin and its receptor characterize exogenous vitellogenesis mode in the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei 卵黄原蛋白及其受体表征了凡纳滨对虾外源卵黄形成模式。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111947

Ying Lu , Shuai Zhou , Jiawang Cao , Juan Sui , Xue Chen , Kai Liu , Zhaoxin Wang , Zhifeng Zhang , Zhenkui Qin , Jie Kong

Vitellogenesis is a pivotal process of animal reproduction, characterized by yolk protein formation and accumulation in developing oocytes. Vitellogenin (Vg), the precursor of vitellin (Vn), serves as the primary yolk component. While animals employ both exogenous and endogenous vitellogenesis, the precise synthetic locus of Vg in the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, the globally most important cultured shrimp, remains unclear. To characterize vitellogenesis and its regulatory mode, the present study examined ovarian morphology, gonadosomatic index (GSI) dynamics, hepatopancreatic and ovarian histology, as well as spatiotemporal expression and cellular localization of Vg and its receptor vitellogenin receptor (VgR), during gonadal development process. We discovered that L. vannamei ovarian cycle was categorized into five stages, marked by ovarian color transition from khaki to dark green and progressive GSI increase. In situ hybridization revealed Vg mRNA in hepatopancreatic Blasenzellen and Restzellen cells and ovarian follicular cells, but not in oocytes. Immunofluorescence showed Vg protein primarily in hepatopancreatic cells and oocytes, while VgR localized to the membrane of vitellogenic oocytes, forming complexes with exogenous Vg cytoplasmic internalization. Collectively, this study established a standardized ovarian staging system for L. vannamei, demonstrated an exogenous vitellogenesis mode, with hepatopancreas and ovarian follicle cells as the primary Vg synthesis sites, and elucidated the cooperative role of Vg and VgR in yolk protein uptake and deposition. These findings advance our understanding of crustacean reproductive biology and provide a theoretical foundation for optimizing shrimp fecundity and aquaculture practices.

卵黄发生是动物生殖的关键过程，其特征是卵黄蛋白在发育中的形成和积累。卵黄原蛋白（Vg）是卵黄蛋白（Vn）的前体，是蛋黄的主要成分。虽然动物有外源性和内源性卵黄发生，但全球最重要的养殖对虾——凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）中Vg的精确合成位点仍不清楚。为了研究卵黄形成及其调控模式，本研究检测了性腺发育过程中卵巢形态学、促性腺指数（GSI）动态、肝胰腺和卵巢组织学，以及Vg及其受体卵黄原蛋白受体（VgR）的时空表达和细胞定位。我们发现凡纳梅卵巢周期分为5个阶段，卵巢颜色由卡其色过渡到墨绿色，GSI逐渐升高。原位杂交在肝胰腺Blasenzellen、Restzellen细胞和卵巢滤泡细胞中发现Vg mRNA，但在卵母细胞中未发现。免疫荧光显示Vg蛋白主要存在于肝胰腺细胞和卵母细胞中，而VgR则定位于卵黄源性卵母细胞的膜上，与外源性Vg细胞质内化形成复合物。综上所述，本研究建立了vannamei卵巢标准化分期体系，证实了以肝胰腺和卵巢卵泡细胞为主要Vg合成位点的外源性卵黄形成模式，阐明了Vg和VgR在卵黄蛋白摄取和沉积中的协同作用。这些发现促进了我们对甲壳类动物生殖生物学的认识，并为优化对虾繁殖力和养殖实践提供了理论基础。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of heat stress on HSP70 and Na+/K+-ATPase expressions in the gills of juvenile goldfish: Focus on tissue architecture, mucus secretion and protein nitration 热应激对金鱼幼鱼鳃中HSP70和Na+/K+- atp酶表达的影响：重点关注组织结构、粘液分泌和蛋白质硝化。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111959

Ngozichukwu Francis Ngozichukwu , Md Saydur Rahman

Global warming has worsened heat stress on aquatic habitats, creating physiological challenges for ectothermic animals such as teleost fish. The fish gill, a multifunctional organ responsible for gas exchange and osmoregulation, is especially vulnerable to environmental stress. This study examined how elevated temperatures affect the gills of juvenile goldfish (Carassius auratus) under simulated climate conditions. Fish were exposed to control (22 °C), medium (28 °C), and high (32 °C) temperature settings for two weeks. Histological evaluations showed significant structural changes, including lamellar fusion, epithelial detachment, and edema in the high-temperature groups, indicating tissue injury and decreased function. Immunohistochemical and real-time qRT-PCR analyses revealed notable alterations in key stress biomarkers following heat exposure. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70, a chaperone protein) expression and mRNA levels increased significantly (P<0.05) during heat stress, suggesting activation of cellular defense against protein denaturation. Additionally, higher expression of 3-nitrotyrosine protein, a marker of protein nitration, indicated nitrative stress likely caused by excess reactive nitrogen species during heat stress. The expression and mRNA levels of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, an enzyme in ion regulation, were significantly reduced (P<0.05) in the gills of heat-stressed fish, indicating compromised osmoregulatory ability. These findings suggest that fish gills show unique morphological and molecular responses to elevated temperature, highlighting their sensitivity as early indicators of heat stress. They also show how nitrative stress arises from high temperatures and underscore the broader ecological impacts of climate change on teleost species. Understanding these biological and molecular responses are essential for developing models to predict the effects of global climate change.

全球变暖加剧了水生栖息地的热应激，给硬骨鱼等恒温动物带来了生理上的挑战。鱼的鳃是一个负责气体交换和渗透调节的多功能器官，特别容易受到环境压力的影响。本研究考察了在模拟气候条件下，高温如何影响幼金鱼（Carassius auratus）的鳃。将鱼置于对照（22°C）、中温（28°C）和高温（32°C）环境中两周。组织学评价显示，高温组组织结构发生明显变化，包括板层融合、上皮脱离和水肿，表明组织损伤和功能下降。免疫组织化学和实时qRT-PCR分析显示，热暴露后关键应激生物标志物发生了显著变化。热休克蛋白70 （HSP70，一种伴侣蛋白）的表达和mRNA水平显著升高（P+/K+- atp酶，一种离子调节酶）

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引用次数: 0

Microplastic impacts physiological mechanisms of marine, diadromous, and freshwater crustaceans 微塑料影响海洋、二甲和淡水甲壳类动物的生理机制。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111946

Héllen Siqueira Leite , Juliana Rodrigues da Costa , Barbara Bernardes Calbo , Mariana Capparelli , Claudia Neves , Giovanna Teixeira Gimiliani , Alessandra Augusto

The effects of microplastic on species inhabiting different saline gradients remain unclear, particularly the impact of glitter particles. We investigated the effects of glitter on the physiological mechanisms of species from various saline environments using the following models: a marine/estuarine shrimp (Penaeus vannamei), a diadromous shrimp (Macrobrachium amazonicum), and an exclusively freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium potiuna). The animals were exposed to varying glitter concentrations (0, 0.4, 4 and 40 mg.L⁻¹) for 10 days, and to the salinities where they are found in nature. In addition, we evaluated the ability of one of the species (P. vannamei) to recover its physiology and morphology when transferred to glitter-free water after previous exposure to the pollutant for six days. We examined multiple mechanisms, including oxygen consumption, nitrogen excretion, hepatosomatic index, energy substrate oxidation, and osmoregulation. P. vannamei showed 13 % mortality at salinity 30. Physiological parameters exhibited specific variations in response to salinity and/or glitter concentration. Glitter exposure affected oxygen consumption in all three species, but with contrasting responses: P. vannamei exhibited increases up to ∼200 % (depending on salinity), likely due to elevated energy demands, while M. amazonicum and M. potiuna showed reductions up to 70 %, potentially indicating gill damage. In M. amazonicum, glitter exposure enhanced the species' hyperosmotic regulatory capacity. Penaeus vannamei could not recover its hepatosomatic index and gill and intestinal morphologies after being transferred to glitter-free water. We conclude that glitter significantly alters physiological functions related to energy metabolism and osmoregulation. However, since these responses are salinity-dependent, the ability to migrate across different salinity gradients may provide an adaptive advantage for species exhibiting such behavior. The results obtained provide significant insights into the response of shrimps from different saline gradients to microplastics, which is still a major gap in our knowledge.

微塑料对生活在不同盐度梯度的物种的影响尚不清楚，特别是闪光颗粒的影响。本研究采用海洋/河口对虾（Penaeus vannamei）、雌雄对虾（Macrobrachium amazonicum）和纯淡水对虾（Macrobrachium potiuna）模型，研究了闪光对不同咸水环境下物种生理机制的影响。这些动物暴露在不同浓度的闪光剂中（0、0.4、4和40 毫克）。L-1)持续10 天，直到它们在自然界中被发现的盐度。此外，我们评估了其中一个物种（P. vannamei）在暴露于污染物6天后转移到无闪光的水中恢复其生理和形态的能力。我们研究了多种机制，包括氧气消耗、氮排泄、肝体指数、能量底物氧化和渗透调节。在盐度为30时，凡纳梅的死亡率为13 %。生理参数对盐度和/或闪光浓度的反应表现出特定的变化。闪光暴露影响了所有三种物种的氧气消耗，但有不同的反应：P. vanannamei表现出高达200 %（取决于盐度）的增加，可能是由于能量需求的增加，而M. amazonicum和M. potiuna表现出高达70% %的减少，可能表明鳃损伤。在亚马逊木中，闪光暴露增强了物种的高渗调节能力。凡纳滨对虾转移到无闪光水后，其肝体指数、鳃和肠道形态均不能恢复。我们得出结论，闪光显著改变了与能量代谢和渗透调节相关的生理功能。然而，由于这些反应依赖于盐度，跨不同盐度梯度迁移的能力可能为表现出这种行为的物种提供了适应优势。所获得的结果为不同盐梯度的虾对微塑料的反应提供了重要的见解，这仍然是我们知识中的一个主要空白。

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引用次数: 0

Response of rainbow trout mucosal tissues under repeated hypoxia episodes 虹鳟鱼黏膜组织对反复缺氧发作的反应。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111931

Irene García-Meilán , Nuria Ruiz , Lluís Tort

Hypoxic events are common in both natural and aquaculture environments due to external factors or anthropogenic activities. To cope with this fluctuating environment, fish activate complex systemic stress responses, but less is known about their mucosal responses. To investigate this, five experimental groups were established: absolute control (AC), manipulated control (MC), and three groups exposed to a single hypoxic shock (H1) or repeated hypoxic shocks (H2 and H3), sampled at 1, 6, and 24 h after hypoxia. Mucus cortisol levels increased 1 h after manipulation and hypoxic shocks, confirming that the stress response was activated. However, cortisol levels decreased as the fish underwent more shocks. A significant up-regulation of the crh gene by treatment was observed in the gills, while no expression was detected in the intestine. Additionally, an up-regulation of gr1 and mr gene expression was found in the gills, whereas the skin and intestine showed an opposite response, with gene expression returning to control levels after the third hypoxic shock (H3). Hif-1α and myoglobin gene expression showed clear tissue-specific regulation, likely related to their primary functions. In the skin and intestine, as hif-1α levels increased, myoglobin expression decreased, while in the gills, the opposite pattern was observed, with higher myoglobin expression during the reoxygenation phase. Overall, the results suggest that repeated hypoxia promotes tolerance and a certain degree of habituation in rainbow trout, without compromising their survival.

由于外部因素或人为活动，缺氧事件在自然和水产养殖环境中都很常见。为了应对这种波动的环境，鱼类激活了复杂的全身应激反应，但对它们的粘膜反应知之甚少。为了研究这一点，我们建立了五个实验组：绝对对照组（AC）、操纵对照组（MC）和三个暴露于单次缺氧休克（H1）或重复缺氧休克（H2和H3）的组，分别在缺氧后1、6和24 h取样。操作和缺氧休克后，粘液皮质醇水平升高1 h，证实应激反应被激活。然而，皮质醇水平随着鱼受到更多电击而下降。经处理，crh基因在鳃中显著上调，而在肠道中未检测到表达。此外，在鳃中发现gr1和mr基因表达上调，而皮肤和肠道则表现出相反的反应，在第三次缺氧休克（H3）后基因表达恢复到控制水平。hif -1α和肌红蛋白基因表达表现出明显的组织特异性调控，可能与其主要功能有关。在皮肤和肠道中，随着hif-1α水平的升高，肌红蛋白的表达降低，而在鳃中，观察到相反的模式，在再氧化阶段肌红蛋白的表达较高。总的来说，结果表明，反复缺氧可以促进虹鳟鱼的耐受性和一定程度的适应，而不会影响它们的生存。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of capture method and handling time on the physiological stress responses of a benthic elasmobranch 捕获方法和处理时间对底栖板鳃亚目生理应激反应的影响。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111940

Esha M. Sarai , Thomas M. Clarke , Isabel E. Colton , Apoorva Gopinath , Chloe N. Roberts , Charlie Huveneers , Ondi L. Crino

Marine animals are increasingly exposed to anthropogenic disturbances that disrupt their behaviour and induce physiological stress. In vertebrates, stressors such as anthropogenic disturbances increase the production of glucocorticoid hormones. Although sharks are one of the most threatened groups of marine animals, relatively little is known about their glucocorticoid physiology. We investigated how different capture methods (hand capture and rod and reel) affected physiological stress responses of Port Jackson sharks (Heterondontus portusjacksoni). We measured lactate and glucose levels immediately following capture and over 60-min in the field using point-of-care (POC) devices. We then validated our glucose and lactate measurements using traditional laboratory assays. Additionally, we measured two hormones associated with glucocorticoid physiology (adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone). Point-of-care devices could reliably measure lactate levels of Port Jackson sharks, but not glucose levels. Lactate and corticosterone levels increased over the 60-min holding period post-capture. Sharks captured by hand had higher corticosterone levels but similar lactate levels to sharks caught by rod and reel. While the use of hooks can lead to physical injuries when capturing sharks, our findings challenge the assumption that capturing sharks by hand is less stressful than rod and reel with heavy tackle. Our study highlights the potential use of POC devices to measure metrics associated with physiological stress responses in sharks and increases our understanding of the effects of capture methods and anthropogenic disturbances on shark stress responses.

海洋动物越来越多地受到人为干扰，这些干扰破坏了它们的行为并引起生理应激。在脊椎动物中，压力源如人为干扰会增加糖皮质激素的分泌。尽管鲨鱼是最受威胁的海洋动物之一，但人们对它们的糖皮质激素生理知之甚少。研究了不同的捕获方法（手捕和竿捕）对杰克森港鲨生理应激反应的影响。我们在捕获后立即测量乳酸和葡萄糖水平，并在现场使用即时护理（POC）设备测量60分钟。然后，我们验证了我们的葡萄糖和乳酸测量使用传统的实验室分析。此外，我们测量了与糖皮质激素生理相关的两种激素（促肾上腺皮质激素和皮质酮）。即时护理设备可以可靠地测量杰克逊港鲨鱼的乳酸水平，但不能测量葡萄糖水平。乳酸和皮质酮水平在捕获后的60分钟内升高。用手捕获的鲨鱼皮质酮水平较高，但乳酸水平与用鱼竿和卷轴捕获的鲨鱼相似。虽然在捕捉鲨鱼时使用鱼钩会导致身体受伤，但我们的研究结果挑战了用手捕捉鲨鱼比用沉重的钓竿和卷轴捕捉鲨鱼压力小的假设。我们的研究强调了POC设备在测量鲨鱼生理应激反应相关指标方面的潜在用途，并增加了我们对捕获方法和人为干扰对鲨鱼应激反应的影响的理解。

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引用次数: 0