Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology最新文献_第3页

The influence of light wavelength on HPA axis function in non-human animals: A meta-analysis 光波长对非人类动物下丘脑轴功能的影响：荟萃分析。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111961

Isabella Robertson-Dixon, Melanie J. Murphy, Nina Riddell

The suprachiasmatic nucleus regulates circadian rhythms in physiological and behavioural processes partly through modulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. The suprachiasmatic nucleus is entrained by light via input from intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells that are particularly sensitive to short wavelengths, theoretically linking light spectra to HPA axis function. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of wavelength of light on biochemical markers of the HPA axis in terrestrial non-human animals. A search of seven databases on 13 January 2025 identified 23 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Study subjects spanned a variety of animal species. Subjects were typically exposed to coloured light for the entire daytime light period for multiple weeks prior to HPA axis assessment. Corticosterone was the most frequently reported HPA axis measure. Melatonin, an additional hormonal index of circadian rhythms, was reported alongside corticosterone when data were available. Meta-analyses showed that in poultry, blue, blue-enriched, and red light rearing induced medium to large statistically non-significant increases in daytime corticosterone levels relative to white light, while green and UV-enriched light elicited weaker or inconsistent effects. In melatonin-proficient laboratory rodents, blue-enriched light induced a large significant decrease in daytime corticosterone and a large significant increase in nighttime melatonin. These findings highlight the importance of considering light wavelength for animal welfare and the optimisation of lighting conditions in research, agricultural, and ecological settings.

Registration: osf.io/rvu4w.

视交叉上核部分通过调节下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴来调节生理和行为过程中的昼夜节律。视交叉上核通过对短波特别敏感的视网膜神经节细胞的输入被光所携带，理论上将光谱与HPA轴功能联系起来。本系统综述和荟萃分析评估了光波长对陆生非人类动物下丘脑轴生化标志物的影响。2025年1月13日对7个数据库的检索确定了23项符合纳入标准的研究。研究对象涵盖了各种动物物种。在HPA轴评估之前，受试者通常在整个白天暴露在有色光下数周。皮质酮是最常报道的HPA轴测量。当数据可用时，褪黑激素（一种额外的昼夜节律激素指数）与皮质酮一起被报道。荟萃分析显示，在家禽中，蓝光、富蓝光和红光饲养诱导的白天皮质酮水平相对于白光有中等到较大的统计学上不显著的增加，而绿光和富紫外线光引起的影响较弱或不一致。在精通褪黑素的实验室啮齿类动物中，富含蓝光的光导致白天皮质酮显著下降，夜间褪黑激素显著增加。这些发现强调了在研究、农业和生态环境中考虑光波长对动物福利和优化照明条件的重要性。注册:osf.io / rvu4w。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of heat stress on HSP70 and Na+/K+-ATPase expressions in the gills of juvenile goldfish: Focus on tissue architecture, mucus secretion and protein nitration 热应激对金鱼幼鱼鳃中HSP70和Na+/K+- atp酶表达的影响：重点关注组织结构、粘液分泌和蛋白质硝化。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111959

Ngozichukwu Francis Ngozichukwu , Md Saydur Rahman

Global warming has worsened heat stress on aquatic habitats, creating physiological challenges for ectothermic animals such as teleost fish. The fish gill, a multifunctional organ responsible for gas exchange and osmoregulation, is especially vulnerable to environmental stress. This study examined how elevated temperatures affect the gills of juvenile goldfish (Carassius auratus) under simulated climate conditions. Fish were exposed to control (22 °C), medium (28 °C), and high (32 °C) temperature settings for two weeks. Histological evaluations showed significant structural changes, including lamellar fusion, epithelial detachment, and edema in the high-temperature groups, indicating tissue injury and decreased function. Immunohistochemical and real-time qRT-PCR analyses revealed notable alterations in key stress biomarkers following heat exposure. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70, a chaperone protein) expression and mRNA levels increased significantly (P<0.05) during heat stress, suggesting activation of cellular defense against protein denaturation. Additionally, higher expression of 3-nitrotyrosine protein, a marker of protein nitration, indicated nitrative stress likely caused by excess reactive nitrogen species during heat stress. The expression and mRNA levels of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, an enzyme in ion regulation, were significantly reduced (P<0.05) in the gills of heat-stressed fish, indicating compromised osmoregulatory ability. These findings suggest that fish gills show unique morphological and molecular responses to elevated temperature, highlighting their sensitivity as early indicators of heat stress. They also show how nitrative stress arises from high temperatures and underscore the broader ecological impacts of climate change on teleost species. Understanding these biological and molecular responses are essential for developing models to predict the effects of global climate change.

全球变暖加剧了水生栖息地的热应激，给硬骨鱼等恒温动物带来了生理上的挑战。鱼的鳃是一个负责气体交换和渗透调节的多功能器官，特别容易受到环境压力的影响。本研究考察了在模拟气候条件下，高温如何影响幼金鱼（Carassius auratus）的鳃。将鱼置于对照（22°C）、中温（28°C）和高温（32°C）环境中两周。组织学评价显示，高温组组织结构发生明显变化，包括板层融合、上皮脱离和水肿，表明组织损伤和功能下降。免疫组织化学和实时qRT-PCR分析显示，热暴露后关键应激生物标志物发生了显著变化。热休克蛋白70 （HSP70，一种伴侣蛋白）的表达和mRNA水平显著升高（P+/K+- atp酶，一种离子调节酶）

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) as a tool for assessing freshwater fish condition 评价生物电阻抗分析（BIA）作为评估淡水鱼状况的工具

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111958

Maxwell C. Mallett , Jason D. Thiem , Gavin L. Butler , Luke Carpenter-Bundhoo , Curtis Champion , Mark J. Kennard

The nutritional status, or condition, of fish is a key health proxy influencing vital life history processes including migration, reproduction, and recruitment. Numerous morphological, biochemical, and electronic metrics are used to assess fish condition, yet it remains unclear if these metrics are congruent with each other and across species. This study evaluates bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) as a tool for assessing fish condition by comparing it with morphological (e.g. condition index, hepatosomatic index) and biochemical (e.g. percentage and total-body mass compositions of lipid, mineral, protein and water content and bulk C:N ratios in muscle tissue) condition metrics in three native Australian fish species (Macquaria ambigua, Nematalosa erebi, and Percalates novemaculeata) and one invasive species (Cyprinus carpio). Using simple least-squares linear regressions and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), we uncovered that BIA parameters correlated strongly with total-body masses of biochemical components that covary with body size, but showed weaker correlations with percentage compositions of the same components. However, phase angle, a common BIA measure, showed some significant correlations with morphological condition and lipid content, although these relationships were generally weak and species dependent. These findings suggest that BIA can effectively estimate certain physiological parameters, but caution should be applied when interpreting BIA metrics, as their relationship with established indicators of condition may vary. The current study underscores the importance of combining multiple methods to provide a comprehensive understanding of fish condition in freshwater ecosystems, which can be used to provide mechanistic linkages with anthropogenic impacts.

鱼类的营养状况是影响重要生活史过程（包括洄游、繁殖和繁殖）的关键健康指标。许多形态学、生化和电子指标被用来评估鱼类的状况，但这些指标是否彼此一致以及跨物种是否一致仍不清楚。本研究通过比较三种澳大利亚本地鱼类（Macquaria ambigua、Nematalosa erebi和Percalates novemaculeata）和一种入侵物种（Cyprinus carpio）的形态学（如状态指数、肝体指数）和生化（如脂肪、矿物质、蛋白质和水分的百分比和总质量组成以及肌肉组织中的体积C:N比率）状态指标，对生物电阻抗分析（BIA）作为评估鱼类状态的工具进行了评估。利用简单最小二乘线性回归和主成分分析（PCA），我们发现BIA参数与随体型变化的生化成分的总质量有很强的相关性，但与相同成分的百分比组成的相关性较弱。然而，作为BIA常用的测量指标，相位角与形态状况和脂质含量有显著的相关性，尽管这些关系通常较弱且依赖于物种。这些发现表明，BIA可以有效地估计某些生理参数，但在解释BIA指标时应谨慎，因为它们与既定条件指标的关系可能会有所不同。目前的研究强调了将多种方法结合起来对淡水生态系统中鱼类状况的全面了解的重要性，这可以用来提供与人为影响的机制联系。

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引用次数: 0

Acclimation to moderate hypoxia improves acute hypoxia tolerance of diploid and triploid brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis 适度缺氧驯化可提高二倍体和三倍体丹参的急性缺氧耐受性

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111957

Sarah A. McGeachy, Tillmann J. Benfey

Triploid salmonids are used in aquaculture and stocking programs for recreational fishing because they are reproductively sterile and therefore cannot breed in the wild. However, they appear to be more sensitive than diploids to environmental stressors. The objective of this study was to develop a better understanding of the hypoxia tolerance of triploids. We compared the acute hypoxia tolerance of sibling diploid and triploid brook charr that were acclimated to either moderate hypoxia (65 % of air saturation) or normoxia (98 % air saturation). Fish then underwent acute hypoxia trials, by slowly injecting nitrogen gas to displace oxygen and using loss of equilibrium (LOE) as the endpoint. The fish acclimated to moderate hypoxia had a lower oxygen tension (PO₂) at LOE compared to fish acclimated to normoxia, regardless of ploidy. Ploidy did not affect time to LOE, but triploids had a higher PO₂ at LOE (i.e., were less tolerant of acute hypoxia) compared to diploids. Potential predictors of acute hypoxia tolerance (hematocrit, blood glucose, blood lactate, relative ventricular mass, hepatosomatic index, condition factor, compact myocardium thickness, and interlamellar cell mass) did not provide conclusive results. However, relative interlamellar cell mass size was larger in triploids, suggesting reduced functional gill surface area for respiratory gas exchange as a possible explanation for their reduced acute hypoxia tolerance. This study has shown the capacity for moderate hypoxia acclimation to improve triploid performance, although not to the same extent as for diploids.

三倍体鲑鱼被用于水产养殖和休闲钓鱼的放养计划，因为它们是生殖不育的，因此不能在野外繁殖。然而，它们似乎比二倍体对环境压力更敏感。本研究的目的是为了更好地了解三倍体的耐缺氧性。我们比较了兄弟二倍体和三倍体小溪鲑的急性缺氧耐受性，它们分别适应中度缺氧（65%的空气饱和度）和常氧（98%的空气饱和度）。然后进行急性缺氧试验，通过缓慢注射氮气来取代氧气，并以平衡损失（LOE）为终点。无论倍性如何，适应中度缺氧的鱼在LOE时的氧张力（PO2）低于适应正常缺氧的鱼。倍性不影响到达LOE的时间，但与二倍体相比，三倍体在LOE时的PO2较高（即对急性缺氧的耐受性较差）。急性缺氧耐受性的潜在预测因子（红细胞比容、血糖、血乳酸、相对心室质量、肝体指数、病情因子、致密心肌厚度和层间细胞质量）没有提供结结性结果。然而，三倍体的相对层间细胞质量更大，表明用于呼吸气体交换的功能鳃表面积减少可能是其急性缺氧耐受性降低的原因。本研究表明，适度缺氧驯化能够提高三倍体的性能，尽管程度不如二倍体。

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引用次数: 0

The effects of tidally changing salinities on branchial tight junction protein gene expression in tilapia 盐度潮汐变化对罗非鱼鳃紧密连接蛋白基因表达的影响。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111956

G.H.T. Malintha , Ke Cao , Fritzie T. Celino-Brady , Jason P. Breves , Andre P. Seale

To maintain hydromineral balance during transitions between different environmental salinities, euryhaline teleosts adjust the permeability characteristics of their surface epithelia to align with ambient conditions. Tight junctions (TJs), which form the apical-lateral barriers between epithelial cells, control the paracellular movement of solutes and water. Consequently, euryhaline species must efficiently reorganize branchial TJs when acclimating to freshwater (FW) and seawater (SW) environments. However, little is known about how TJs are regulated under tidally changing salinities. In the current study, we employed RNA-Seq to identify several branchial TJ transcripts that are differentially expressed in Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) acclimated to FW, SW, or a tidal regime (TR). The most abundant and differentially expressed TJ transcripts, which included claudins (cldn-4 like, cldn7b, cldn23a, and cldn-like ZF-A89), occludins (oclna and oclnb), and TJ proteins (tjp1a and tjp3), were further investigated by qPCR. Generally, the expression of TJ transcripts varied to a greater extent between the FW and SW phases of the TR (denoted TF and TS, respectively) than between steady-state FW and SW conditions. Furthermore, TJ transcripts were usually upregulated in TF compared to TS or SW controls. In contrast, the gene expression of branchial ion transporters did not change as markedly under a TR. Together, these results suggest that TJs play a crucial role in regulating the permeability of branchial epithelia by preventing ion loss in hyposmotic conditions, particularly during short-term tidally changing salinities.

为了在不同环境盐度之间的过渡期间维持水矿物平衡，泛盐硬骨鱼调整其表面上皮的渗透性特征以适应环境条件。紧密连接（TJs）在上皮细胞间形成顶侧屏障，控制着溶质和水的胞外运动。因此，在适应淡水（FW）和海水（SW）环境时，泛盐物种必须有效地重组鳃TJs。然而，对于TJs在潮汐变化的盐度下是如何调节的，我们知之甚少。在当前的研究中，我们采用RNA-Seq技术鉴定了几种在适应FW、SW或潮汐（TR）的莫桑比克罗非鱼（Oreochromis mossambicus）中差异表达的鳃TJ转录本。通过qPCR进一步研究了最丰富和差异表达的TJ转录本，包括cldn-4样、cldn7b、cldn23a和cldn样ZF-A89)、occludins （oclna和oclnb）和TJ蛋白（tjp1a和tjp3）。总的来说，TJ转录本在TR的FW期和SW期（分别记为TF和TS）的表达差异大于稳态FW和SW条件下的表达差异。此外，与TS或SW对照相比，TF中的TJ转录本通常上调。相比之下，在TR条件下，鳃离子转运体的基因表达没有明显变化。总之，这些结果表明，TJs在低渗条件下，特别是在短期潮汐变化的盐度下，通过防止离子损失，在调节鳃上皮通透性方面起着至关重要的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Context-dependent relationships between metabolism and behavior across temperature acclimations in sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) 在温度适应过程中，羊头鲦鱼的代谢和行为之间的环境依赖关系。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111952

Madison Schumm, Kerri L. Ackerly, Andrew J. Esbaugh

Marine fish are able to cope with environmental changes through altering their physiology and behavior. Among environmental stressors, thermal stress is particularly relevant for fish because increased temperature leads to elevated baseline metabolic costs and also has known impacts on behavior. The Performance Model provides a conceptual framework linking metabolism and behavior such that individual differences in baseline metabolic demand influence behavioral expression specifically related to acquiring resources that support metabolic machinery. Thus, under warming, increased energy demand should lead to increased risk-taking and lower behaviors that deter predation (e.g., shoaling and scototaxis). On this background, our objective was to assess behavioral and metabolic responses to warming and the relationship these traits across two temperatures in an estuarine model teleost, the sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus). Fish were exposed to 22 °C or 32 °C for 14-days and standard metabolic rate (SMR) was measured. Each fish was subsequently tested in a series of behavioral assays to assess activity, exploration, sociability, and anxiety-like behavior. As anticipated, warmer temperatures increased in SMR and increased activity while reducing anxiety-like behavior. However, relationships between behavior and metabolism were present only in control conditions and, composite behavioral scores indicated negative relationships in in the opposite direction of predictions based on the performance model. Interestingly, trait patterns dissipated under warming suggesting that predictions based on models in control conditions may have dubious utility under climate change. We argue that behavioral-metabolic relationships are sensitive to context, and environmental factors should be considered when exploring the intersection between behavior and physiology.

海洋鱼类能够通过改变生理和行为来应对环境变化。在环境压力因素中，热应激对鱼类尤为重要，因为温度升高会导致基线代谢成本升高，并对行为产生已知影响。性能模型提供了一个将代谢和行为联系起来的概念框架，这样，基线代谢需求的个体差异会影响与获取支持代谢机制的资源具体相关的行为表达。因此，在气候变暖的情况下，能源需求的增加将导致冒险行为的增加和阻止捕食行为的减少（例如，浅滩和滑行）。在此背景下，我们的目标是评估行为和代谢对变暖的反应，以及这些特征在两种温度下的关系，在河口模型硬骨鱼，羊头鲦鱼（Cyprinodon variegatus）。将鱼暴露在22 °C或32 °C环境中14天，并测量标准代谢率（SMR）。随后，每条鱼都接受了一系列行为测试，以评估它们的活动、探索、社交能力和焦虑样行为。正如预期的那样，温暖的温度增加了SMR，增加了活动，同时减少了焦虑样行为。然而，行为和代谢之间的关系仅在控制条件下存在，并且，综合行为评分显示与基于性能模型的预测相反方向的负相关。有趣的是，性状模式在变暖下消散，这表明基于控制条件下模型的预测在气候变化下可能具有可疑的效用。我们认为，行为-代谢关系对环境敏感，在探索行为和生理学之间的交集时应考虑环境因素。

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引用次数: 0

Heat shock protein 70 expression in the skin of Pelophylax bergeri in response to thermal stress 热休克蛋白70在柏草表皮对热应激的表达。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111955

Francesca Simoncelli , Ines Di Rosa , Anna Fagotti

The amphibian skin is an organ of interest as an indicator of the cellular response to stress factors. The upregulation of Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) is an important step in the cellular defense mechanisms against various endogenous and exogenous stressors. In this preliminary note, we investigated the expression of the inducible Hsp70 as a marker of thermal stress in the skin of the anuran Pelophylax bergeri. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that there was an elevated upregulation in the expression levels of Hsp70 after short-term heat stress. The immunolocalization of Hsp70 on skin samples shocked at 33 °C, showing the highest gene induction, revealed a positive staining in both epithelial and connective skin cells. These results indicate that Hsp70 could be a potential player in the skin defense mechanism. This study might contribute to a better understanding of the stress response in amphibians against thermal shock.

两栖动物的皮肤是一个有趣的器官，作为细胞对应激因素反应的指标。热休克蛋白的上调是细胞防御各种内源性和外源性应激源的重要步骤。在这篇初步的论文中，我们研究了作为热胁迫标志的诱导型Hsp70在牛油蕨皮肤中的表达。RT-qPCR分析显示，短期热应激后Hsp70表达水平上调。在33 °C下，Hsp70在皮肤样品上的免疫定位表现出最高的基因诱导，在上皮细胞和结缔组织细胞中均呈阳性染色。这些结果表明，Hsp70可能是皮肤防御机制的潜在参与者。这项研究可能有助于更好地理解两栖动物对热休克的应激反应。

引用次数: 0

Tissue-specific markers of salinity-induced allostasis in the very euryhaline and widespread mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis 在非常普遍的咸化和广泛的贻贝紫贻贝中，盐度诱导的适应状态的组织特异性标记。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111954

Nicole Stakowian , Marta Cunha , Rosa Freitas , Carolina A. Freire

Environmental salinity is one of the main factors causing osmotic stress in coastal bivalves, influencing their physiological performance and distribution. The Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis is one of the most euryhaline marine invertebrates, tolerating large salinity fluctuations throughout its wide geographical distribution. This study investigated how different tissues respond to different salinities, identifying potential biochemical markers of tolerance and plasticity. Mussels were exposed for 14 and 28 days to the salinities 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40, and biomarkers related to metabolism, antioxidant and biotransformation systems, cellular damage, and neurotoxicity were analyzed in the digestive gland, gills, mantle, and muscle. The digestive gland showed significant modulation of succinate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase and carboxylesterases activities, glycogen content, and antioxidant capacity, demonstrating its metabolic and antioxidant role. The gills showed changes in glutathione S-transferases, acetylcholinesterase, and lipid peroxidation levels, particularly under hyposaline (20) and hypersaline (40) conditions. Mantle and muscle showed lower responsiveness to the tested salinities. Biochemical responses at salinities between 25 and 35 indicated the activation of allostatic mechanisms assuring survival and damage prevention. The results corroborate the concept of salinity-induced allostasis as a mechanism of resistance in osmoconforming euryhaline bivalves. Furthermore, they highlight the importance of functional compartmentalization among tissues in responding to osmotic challenges. The results also support the use of organ-level biomarkers to assess physiological resistance to salinity gradients in coastal environments.

环境盐度是造成滨海双壳类渗透胁迫的主要因素之一，影响其生理性能和分布。地中海贻贝（Mytilus galloprovincialis）是最耐盐的海洋无脊椎动物之一，在其广泛的地理分布中可以忍受大的盐度波动。本研究研究了不同组织对不同盐度的反应，确定了潜在的耐受性和可塑性生化标志物。将贻贝暴露在20、25、30、35和40的盐度下14和28 天，分析消化腺、鳃、套膜和肌肉中与代谢、抗氧化和生物转化系统、细胞损伤和神经毒性相关的生物标志物。消化腺对琥珀酸脱氢酶、糖原、超氧化物歧化酶、抗氧化能力和羧酸酯酶活性有显著的调节作用，表明其具有代谢和抗氧化作用。鳃显示谷胱甘肽s -转移酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶和脂质过氧化水平的变化，特别是在低盐（20）和高盐（40）条件下。地幔和肌肉对测试盐度的反应较低。盐度在25 - 35之间的生化反应表明，适应机制的激活确保了生存和损伤预防。研究结果证实了盐度诱导的异源性是渗透适应型双壳类生物的一种抗性机制。此外，他们强调了组织间功能区隔化在应对渗透挑战中的重要性。研究结果还支持使用器官水平的生物标志物来评估沿海环境中对盐度梯度的生理抗性。

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引用次数: 0

Key indicators of metabolic activity in the long-tailed ground squirrels, (Urocitellus undulatus) in different functional states 不同功能状态下长尾地松鼠代谢活性的关键指标。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111953

Polina O. Teplova , Ekaterina V. Kuznetsova , Aleksandra V. Gorbunova , Liubov N. Markevich , Nadezhda M. Zakharova

The aim of this study is to examine the seasonal strategies employed by obligate hibernators, such as long-tailed ground squirrels (Urocitellus undulatus), for metabolic maintenance at various levels of organization. To this end, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation encompassing respirometry, histological and biochemical analysis of the thyroid gland, examination of neutral and phospholipid content in brown adipose tissue, and biochemical assessment of the blood lipid profile. Our results revealed pronounced variations in metabolic parameters on a seasonal basis. In the fall (pre-hibernation), U. undulatus exhibited an increase in respiratory metabolism ranging from 1.4 to 1.7 times compared to the summer control group. It is accompanied with an augmentation in the functional activity of the thyroid gland, an increase in all fractions of phospholipids in brown adipose tissue, and an elevation in the level of lipase in the blood. Concurrently, there is a decline in di- and triglyceride levels in brown fat. In a state of torpor, there was an observed increase in the growth of certain indicators (lipids, thyroid hormones, etc.), a particularly significant rise is observed for β-hydroxybutyrate. In the interbout euthermia, a recovery of nearly all indicators to summer-fall values was observed. These findings hold potential relevance for a better understanding of metabolic disorders and adaptations to extreme conditions.

本研究的目的是研究专性冬眠动物，如长尾地松鼠（Urocitellus undulatus）在不同组织水平上的代谢维持所采用的季节性策略。为此，我们进行了全面的评估，包括呼吸测量，甲状腺的组织学和生化分析，棕色脂肪组织中中性和磷脂含量的检查，以及血脂谱的生化评估。我们的结果揭示了代谢参数在季节基础上的显著变化。在秋季（冬眠前），与夏季对照组相比，波状乌螺旋体的呼吸代谢增加了1.4至1.7倍。它伴随着甲状腺功能活动的增强，棕色脂肪组织中所有部分磷脂的增加，以及血液中脂肪酶水平的升高。同时，褐色脂肪中的二甘油三酯和甘油三酯水平也有所下降。在昏睡状态下，观察到某些指标（血脂、甲状腺激素等）的增长有所增加，其中β-羟基丁酸盐的增长尤为显著。在间歇热疗中，观察到几乎所有指标恢复到夏秋值。这些发现对于更好地理解代谢紊乱和对极端条件的适应具有潜在的相关性。

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引用次数: 0

Gastrointestinal effects of crustacean shell by-products in diets for farmed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) 养殖大西洋鳕鱼（Gadus morhua）日粮中甲壳类副产品对胃肠的影响。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111951

Martina Quagliardi , Trond M. Kortner , André S. Bogevik , Elvis Chikwati , Kathrine Ryvold Bakkemo , Elin Christine Valen , Ellen Elisabeth K. Hage , Guro Løkka

By-products from crustaceans destined for human consumption are often discarded but may serve as sustainable aqua-feed ingredients. This study assessed short-term physiological responses in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) when 15 % sunflower meal in commercial diets was replaced with 15 % brown crab (Cancer pagurus) or 10 % shrimp (Pandalus borealis) shell meals. In a 27-day trial, cod (∼300 g) in triplicate 500 l tanks (n = 29–36) were fed isoenergetic diets. Growth, feed intake, distal intestinal (DI) dry matter, amino acid digestibility, and mineral content were measured, alongside gastrointestinal macro- and microanatomy, digestive enzymes, bile salts, and gut gene expression.

Diet had no significant effect on feed intake or growth. Crab shell meal (CSM) increased DI calcium (13 % vs. 3 %), dry matter (24 % vs. 15–19 %), and amino acid digestibility (91 % vs. 89 %), while reducing dry matter digestibility (57 % vs. 66–68 %) and trypsin activity. In the pyloric caeca (PC), CSM-fed fish had the highest bile salt level and maltase capacity. Sunflower meal increased DI lamina propria cellularity, DI iron and copper, while shrimp shell meal increased DI phosphorus (2.4 % vs. 1.3 %). Bile salts, trypsin, maltase, and LAP activity peaked in the PC and decreased distally. Relative intestinal length correlated with fish weight (r = 0.53, P < 0.001). Pancreatic digestive enzyme genes and osmoregulatory genes (atp1a1, aqp8) peaked in PC, whereas slc26a6 expression was negligible throughout.

Crustacean shell meals are promising as sustainable feed ingredients for Atlantic cod, and the study offers novel insights into gut structure and function with implications for intestinal health in farmed cod.

用于人类消费的甲壳类动物的副产品通常被丢弃，但可以作为可持续的水产饲料成分。本研究评估了当商业饲料中15% %的葵花籽粕被15% %的棕蟹（Cancer pagurus）或10% %的虾（Pandalus borealis）壳粕取代时，大西洋鳕鱼（Gadus morhua）的短期生理反应。在27天的试验中，投喂3个重复500个 L （n = 29-36）的cod（~300 g）等能饲料。测量生长、采食量、远端肠（DI）干物质、氨基酸消化率和矿物质含量，以及胃肠道宏观和微观解剖、消化酶、胆汁盐和肠道基因表达。日粮对采食量和生长均无显著影响。蟹壳粉（CSM）提高了DI钙（13 % vs. 3 %）、干物质（24 % vs. 15-19 %）和氨基酸消化率（91 % vs. 89 %），同时降低了干物质消化率（57 % vs. 66-68 %）和胰蛋白酶活性。在幽门盲肠（PC）中，csm饲料鱼的胆汁盐和麦芽糖酶活性最高。葵花籽粕增加了DI磷（2.4 % vs. 1.3 %）和固有层细胞的数量。胆盐沿中肠下降，胰蛋白酶、麦芽糖酶和LAP活性在中肠达到峰值，远端下降。相对肠长与鱼体重相关(r = 0.72，P

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