Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology最新文献_第3页

Hematopoietic and molecular responses of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) to chronic heat stress 大口黑鲈对慢性热应激的造血和分子反应。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2026.111973

Yichuan Lin , Zhicong Zhang , Jiahao Zhang , Wenjing He , Yan Zhou , Songqian Huang , Shouwen Jiang , Wanying Zhai , Qianghua Xu

With global climate warming increasingly threatening aquatic ecosystems, prolonged exposure to high temperatures has become a major environmental stressor for both wild and cultured fish. However, the long-term effects of chronic heat stress on blood physiology and hematopoietic processes remain poorly understood. To assess the long-term impacts of chronic heat stress on hematopoiesis in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), we conducted a 180-day acclimation experiment at 34 °C. Hematological analyses showed significant reductions in red blood cell counts and hemoglobin concentrations, indicating impaired oxygen transport capacity. Blood cell morphology was altered, with erythrocytes exhibiting a lower major-to-minor axis ratio and leukocytes (lymphocytes and granulocytes) showing increased volumes. Histological and ultrastructural observations of the head kidney revealed tissue loosening, hemosiderin deposition, mitochondrial damage, and elevated apoptosis. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis combined with GO and KEGG enrichment revealed that pathways involved in vascular development, stress response, and fatty acid metabolism were significantly activated under heat stress. Notably, key genes associated with angiogenesis, lipid metabolism, stimuli response, apoptosis and immunity, including mmp9, angptl4, abca1 and stab2, were markedly upregulated, suggesting their crucial roles in vascular remodeling and thermotolerance. Together, these results provide the first integrative cellular and molecular characterization of hematopoietic responses to prolonged high temperature in M. salmoides. The findings enhance understanding of fish physiological plasticity under environmental stress and have implications for aquaculture management and the development of heat-resilient strains.

随着全球气候变暖对水生生态系统的威胁日益严重，长期暴露在高温下已成为野生和养殖鱼类的主要环境压力源。然而，慢性热应激对血液生理和造血过程的长期影响仍然知之甚少。为了评估慢性热应激对大口黑鲈（Micropterus salmoides）造血的长期影响，我们在34°C环境下进行了180天的驯化实验。血液学分析显示红细胞计数和血红蛋白浓度显著减少，表明氧运输能力受损。血细胞形态发生改变，红细胞表现为大、小轴比降低，白细胞（淋巴细胞和粒细胞）体积增加。头部肾脏的组织学和超微结构观察显示组织松动、含铁血黄素沉积、线粒体损伤和细胞凋亡升高。此外，结合GO和KEGG富集的转录组学分析显示，热应激显著激活了血管发育、应激反应和脂肪酸代谢的相关途径。值得注意的是，与血管生成、脂质代谢、刺激反应、细胞凋亡和免疫相关的关键基因，包括mmp9、angptl4、abca1和stab2，明显上调，表明它们在血管重塑和耐热性中起着重要作用。总之，这些结果提供了第一个完整的细胞和分子特征的造血反应对长时间高温的salmoides。该研究结果增强了对环境胁迫下鱼类生理可塑性的认识，并对水产养殖管理和耐热品系的开发具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Methods: Long-term stability of autonomic and cardiovascular regulation in a decerebrate snake model 方法：对蛇类模型进行长期稳定的自主神经和心血管调节。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2026.111971

Driele Tavares , Samanta Aparecida Castro , Edwin William Taylor , Cléo Alcantara Costa Leite

A recently developed decerebrate preparation of the rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus, has enabled simultaneous recordings of cardiovascular and respiratory variables, whilst preserving aspects of their control by the autonomic nervous system. However, its reliability for more extended experimental protocols requires further validation of the extent of recovery and temporal stability of autonomic modulation, after decerebration. Here we monitored the recovery of cardiovascular and autonomic variables, checking their temporal stability of autonomic modulation for up to 15 days post-decerebration and assessed their responsiveness to different levels of anesthesia. Cardiovascular variables—including heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures, blood flows, conductances, and cardiac shunt—remained stable and comparable to values reported for both intact and previously decerebrated snakes throughout the extended experimental period. Also, both autonomic indexes HRV and baroreflex were operational and consistent across recordings. Additionally, graded increments of anesthesia (isoflurane) produced incremental cardiovascular effects. The maintenance of cardiovascular and autonomic modulation of this wide range of interrelated variables in the decerebrated preparation confirms its adequacy for investigating these systems in long-term experimental protocols.

最近开发的一种对响尾蛇（Crotalus durissus）的脱神经制剂，可以同时记录心血管和呼吸变量，同时保留自主神经系统对它们的控制。然而，对于更广泛的实验方案，其可靠性需要进一步验证自主调节的恢复程度和时间稳定性。在这里，我们监测心血管和自主神经变量的恢复，检查其自主神经调节的时间稳定性长达15 天，并评估他们对不同麻醉水平的反应性。在整个延长的实验期间，心血管变量——包括心率、中风量、心输出量、全身和肺动脉压、血流量、传导和心脏分流——保持稳定，与完整蛇和先前去脑蛇的报告值相当。此外，自主神经指标HRV和气压反射在记录中都是可操作的和一致的。此外，逐渐增加的麻醉（异氟醚）产生了逐渐增加的心血管效应。在脱酸制剂中，心血管和自主调节的这种广泛的相关变量的维持证实了其在长期实验方案中研究这些系统的适当性。

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引用次数: 0

Not the cAMP/PKA pathway but the cGMP/PKG pathway promotes branchial ammonia excretion in the green shore crab, Carcinus maenas cGMP/PKG途径而非cAMP/PKA途径促进绿岸蟹鳃氨排泄。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2026.111968

Baoyue Zhang, Dirk Weihrauch

Ammonotelic animals excrete their toxic waste ammonia directly into the surrounding environment. To deal with conditions causing elevated hemolymph ammonia levels, such as feeding, an efficient ammonia excretion process must be in place to keep hemolymph ammonia levels within a tolerable range. Although the actual ammonia excretion mechanisms in fish and crustaceans have been investigated extensively, the intracellular regulation of these processes is more or less unknown. To investigate the involvement of the cAMP/PKA and cGMP/PKG pathway in the branchial excretion process, gills from osmoregulating green shore crabs, Carcinus maenas, were isolated and perfused with solutions containing either 200 or 500 μmol L⁻¹ NH₄Cl, mimicking the hemolymph ammonia levels in the resting state and after feeding, respectively. Basolateral application of forskolin or 8-Bromo-cAMP caused a significant decrease in the ammonia excretion rate. Moreover, cAMP activation caused an increase in metabolically generated ammonia, of which the majority was now transported towards the hemolymph side and not, as seen under control conditions, into the environment. This suggests that cAMP/PKA pathway promotes a so far not described ammonia retention mechanism. In contrast, activating the cGMP/PKG pathway by 8-Bromo-cGMP resulted in an increase of the transbranchial ammonia excretion rate, which could be partially inhibited by the PKG blocker KT5823. Participation of branchial expressed nitric oxide synthase in cGMP synthesis via the soluble guanylyl cyclase is suggested due to the observed inhibitory effect after the application of L-NAME. This study opens a new venue of investigations regarding epithelial ammonia transport regulation in animal systems.

氨动物将有毒的氨废物直接排泄到周围的环境中。为了处理引起血淋巴氨水平升高的情况，如进食，必须有一个有效的氨排泄过程，以使血淋巴氨水平保持在可容忍的范围内。尽管鱼类和甲壳类动物的实际氨排泄机制已经被广泛研究，但这些过程的细胞内调节或多或少是未知的。为了研究cAMP/PKA和cGMP/PKG通路在鳃排泄过程中的作用，我们分离了绿滨蟹（Carcinus maenas）的鳃，分别用含有200或500 μmol L-1 NH4Cl的溶液灌注，模拟其静息状态和进食后的血淋巴氨水平。基侧施用福斯克林或8-溴- camp可显著降低氨排泄率。此外，cAMP激活导致代谢产生的氨增加，其中大部分现在被运送到血淋巴一侧，而不是像在控制条件下看到的那样进入环境。这表明cAMP/PKA通路促进了迄今尚未描述的氨潴留机制。相反，通过8-溴-cGMP激活cGMP/PKG通路，可增加经鳃氨排泄率，PKG阻阻剂KT5823可部分抑制这一作用。由于使用L-NAME后观察到抑制作用，因此建议鳃表达的一氧化氮合酶通过可溶性胍基环化酶参与cGMP的合成。本研究为动物系统中上皮氨转运调控的研究开辟了新的领域。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of acute intraperitoneal injection of methylglyoxal on organ injury and oxidative stress in chicks (Gallus gallus domestics) 急性腹腔注射甲基乙二醛对雏鸡器官损伤和氧化应激的影响

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2026.111975

Meiko Okino , Ryosuke Makino , Mana Aoki , Tetsuya Tachibana

Methylglyoxal (MGO) is an α-dicarbonyl compound and produced from several metabolic pathways, including glucose metabolism. This compound induces oxidative stress and organ damage in mammals and is associated with various diseases, including diabetes. Birds typically have higher blood-glucose levels than mammals, yet they rarely develop diabetic complications. This observation suggests that birds possess resistance to MGO, preventing the onset of diabetes-related issues. Nevertheless, the effects of MGO in birds remain poorly understood. In this study, the impact of high-dose MGO affect on organ injury and oxidative stress was investigated in chicks (Gallus gallus). Intraperitoneal injection of 400 mg/kg MGO resulted in decreased food intake at 6 and 24 h post-injection. However, plasma activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase—biomarkers for organ injury—were not elevated at both times. MGO did not increase plasma lipid peroxidation; instead, it enhanced total antioxidant capacity and uric acid concentration in the plasma at 6 h. In contrast, MGO increased lipid peroxidation in the liver and pectoralis major muscle at 6 h. Additionally, glutathione levels were reduced in these organs following exposure to MGO at 6 h. In summary, high doses of MGO induce oxidative stress in chicks, as seen in rodents, but may not lead to organ injury in avian models, at least acute injection.

甲基乙二醛（MGO）是一种α-二羰基化合物，通过多种代谢途径产生，包括葡萄糖代谢。这种化合物在哺乳动物中引起氧化应激和器官损伤，并与包括糖尿病在内的各种疾病有关。鸟类的血糖水平通常比哺乳动物高，但它们很少出现糖尿病并发症。这一观察结果表明，鸟类对MGO具有抵抗力，从而预防了糖尿病相关问题的发生。然而，MGO对鸟类的影响仍然知之甚少。本研究旨在研究高剂量氧化石墨烯对雏鸡器官损伤和氧化应激的影响。腹腔注射400 mg/kg MGO导致注射后6和24 h的食物摄取量减少。然而，血浆中天冬氨酸转氨酶、丙氨酸转氨酶和乳酸脱氢酶（器官损伤的生物标志物）的活性在两种情况下都没有升高。MGO不增加血浆脂质过氧化；相反，它在6小时时提高了血浆中的总抗氧化能力和尿酸浓度。相反，MGO在6小时时增加了肝脏和胸大肌的脂质过氧化。此外，暴露于MGO 6小时后，这些器官中的谷胱甘肽水平降低。总之，高剂量的MGO在啮齿动物中诱导了雏鸡的氧化应激，但在鸟类模型中可能不会导致器官损伤，至少在急性注射时是这样。

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引用次数: 0

Vagal control of pulmonary peripheral circulation in the rattlesnake modulates relevant hemodynamic adjustments to temperature change 迷走神经对响尾蛇肺外周循环的控制调节了相关的血流动力学对温度变化的调节

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2026.111972

Samanta A. Castro , Edwin W. Taylor , Renato Filogonio , Cléo A.C. Leite

The vagal influence over large pulmonary arteries has been clearly demonstrated in Squamates. Additionally, diverse in situ experiments suggest that pulmonary circulation was either not responsive or much less responsive than the systemic circuit to known local, humoral, and nervous modulators. We suggest that the systemic alterations should be counterbalanced by pulmonary circuit modulation in awaken animals with a cardiac shunt, and the lack of pulmonary circuit responses is a collateral effect of the anesthesia used in in situ experiments. The use of a decerebrate experimental model allowed for diverse concomitant cardiovascular and respiratory measurements in two rattlesnake groups: left-vagotomized – LV (i.e. without vagal innervation of pulmonary arteries) and non-vagotomized (NV) at a range of body temperatures (T_b - 10, 20, and 30 °C). Aerobic metabolism increased proportionally to T_b. Unexpectedly, systemic conductance remained stable while the right-to-left shunt reduced. Therefore, inactive rattlesnakes change blood oxygenation rather than tissue perfusion to support alterations in aerobic demands. Peripheral pulmonary circulation was the main target of vascular modulatory adjustments following T_b change. Although LV snakes were unable to modulate pulmonary compliance, cardiac shunt was compensated as they reached the same O₂ uptake, which was attained by the modulation of the pulmonary conductance. This was the first time such modulation was recorded. Our findings also suggest the presence of bilateral vagal innervation of the unique rattlesnake lung, in which the left vagus innervates the proximal arteries, while the right vagus modulates functioning of the distal vasculature.

迷走神经对大肺动脉的影响在鳞状动物中已被清楚地证实。此外，多种原位实验表明，肺循环对已知的局部、体液和神经调节剂的反应不是无反应就是远低于全身回路。我们认为，在有心脏分流术的苏醒动物中，系统性的改变应该通过肺回路调节来抵消，而在原位实验中，肺回路反应的缺乏是麻醉的附带效应。在两组响尾蛇中，使用去脑实验模型进行了多种心血管和呼吸测量：左迷走神经切除- LV（即没有肺动脉迷走神经支配）和非迷走神经切除（NV），体温范围为（Tb - 10、20和30°C）。有氧代谢与结核成比例增加。出乎意料的是，当右至左分流减少时，全身电导保持稳定。因此，不活动的响尾蛇改变血液氧合而不是组织灌注来支持有氧需求的改变。外周肺循环是结核改变后血管调节的主要目标。虽然左室蛇不能调节肺顺应性，但当它们达到相同的氧摄取时，心脏分流得到补偿，这是通过调节肺传导来实现的。这是第一次记录到这种调制。我们的研究结果还表明，响尾蛇肺存在双侧迷走神经支配，其中左侧迷走神经支配近端动脉，而右侧迷走神经调节远端血管系统的功能。

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引用次数: 0

Hematopoietic and immune homeostasis programs of the Polian vesicle after evisceration in Apostichopus japonicus 日本刺参内脏后Polian囊泡的造血和免疫稳态程序。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111964

Qianwen Wu , Wei Cui , Chunxi Jiang , Lina Sun , Qiming Feng , Fang Su

Polian vesicles (PVs) are key components of the water vascular system in sea cucumbers, functioning in hematopoiesis and immune defense, and notably remaining as the sole organs within the coelomic cavity after evisceration. To elucidate how accessory water-vascular organs participate in visceral regeneration, we performed time-resolved transcriptome profiling of PVs collected at early post-evisceration stages (at 6 h, 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days post-evisceration) in Apostichopus japonicus. Our study reveals a highly dynamic and sequential regulatory process, characterized by an acute transcriptional response transitioning to stabilized remodeling. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) peaked at the early stage (6 hpe) and subsequently declined. At 6 hpe, pathways for metabolic activation and DNA replication predominated. During 1–3 dpe, signals shifted to structural reconstruction and immune activation. By 7 dpe, modules linked to immune homeostasis and functional recovery. Notably, ECM remodeling and signal transduction were sustained. Network analysis highlighted key gene modules and hub genes driving each distinct regenerative stages. Collectively, our results position the PV as a dynamic regulatory hub that supports early visceral regeneration by coupling hematopoietic output with tissue-repair signaling.

海参囊泡（polyan vesic泡，pv）是海参水血管系统的重要组成部分，具有造血和免疫防御功能，是海参内脏取出后体腔内唯一的器官。为了阐明辅助水维管器官是如何参与内脏再生的，我们对日本刺参（Apostichopus japonicus）在去内脏后早期（去内脏后6 h、1 天、3 天和7 天）收集的pv进行了时间分辨率转录组分析。我们的研究揭示了一个高度动态和顺序的调节过程，其特点是急性转录反应过渡到稳定的重塑。差异表达基因（deg）的数量在早期达到峰值（6 hpe），随后下降。在6岁时，代谢激活和DNA复制途径占主导地位。在1-3 dpe期间，信号转移到结构重建和免疫激活。到7 dpe，与免疫稳态和功能恢复相关的模块。值得注意的是，ECM重构和信号转导得以持续。网络分析强调了驱动每个不同再生阶段的关键基因模块和枢纽基因。总的来说，我们的研究结果将PV定位为一个动态调节中心，通过将造血输出与组织修复信号相结合来支持早期内脏再生。

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引用次数: 0

The influence of light wavelength on HPA axis function in non-human animals: A meta-analysis 光波长对非人类动物下丘脑轴功能的影响：荟萃分析。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111961

Isabella Robertson-Dixon, Melanie J. Murphy, Nina Riddell

The suprachiasmatic nucleus regulates circadian rhythms in physiological and behavioural processes partly through modulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. The suprachiasmatic nucleus is entrained by light via input from intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells that are particularly sensitive to short wavelengths, theoretically linking light spectra to HPA axis function. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of wavelength of light on biochemical markers of the HPA axis in terrestrial non-human animals. A search of seven databases on 13 January 2025 identified 23 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Study subjects spanned a variety of animal species. Subjects were typically exposed to coloured light for the entire daytime light period for multiple weeks prior to HPA axis assessment. Corticosterone was the most frequently reported HPA axis measure. Melatonin, an additional hormonal index of circadian rhythms, was reported alongside corticosterone when data were available. Meta-analyses showed that in poultry, blue, blue-enriched, and red light rearing induced medium to large statistically non-significant increases in daytime corticosterone levels relative to white light, while green and UV-enriched light elicited weaker or inconsistent effects. In melatonin-proficient laboratory rodents, blue-enriched light induced a large significant decrease in daytime corticosterone and a large significant increase in nighttime melatonin. These findings highlight the importance of considering light wavelength for animal welfare and the optimisation of lighting conditions in research, agricultural, and ecological settings.

Registration: osf.io/rvu4w.

视交叉上核部分通过调节下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴来调节生理和行为过程中的昼夜节律。视交叉上核通过对短波特别敏感的视网膜神经节细胞的输入被光所携带，理论上将光谱与HPA轴功能联系起来。本系统综述和荟萃分析评估了光波长对陆生非人类动物下丘脑轴生化标志物的影响。2025年1月13日对7个数据库的检索确定了23项符合纳入标准的研究。研究对象涵盖了各种动物物种。在HPA轴评估之前，受试者通常在整个白天暴露在有色光下数周。皮质酮是最常报道的HPA轴测量。当数据可用时，褪黑激素（一种额外的昼夜节律激素指数）与皮质酮一起被报道。荟萃分析显示，在家禽中，蓝光、富蓝光和红光饲养诱导的白天皮质酮水平相对于白光有中等到较大的统计学上不显著的增加，而绿光和富紫外线光引起的影响较弱或不一致。在精通褪黑素的实验室啮齿类动物中，富含蓝光的光导致白天皮质酮显著下降，夜间褪黑激素显著增加。这些发现强调了在研究、农业和生态环境中考虑光波长对动物福利和优化照明条件的重要性。注册:osf.io / rvu4w。

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引用次数: 0

Analysis of the transcriptional mechanisms of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) juveniles in response to acute cold stress in brain and muscle tissues 黄鳍金枪鱼幼鱼脑和肌肉组织响应急性冷应激的转录机制分析。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111962

Junhua Huang , Zhengyi Fu , Zhenhua Ma

La Nina events caused by global climate change have amplified ocean temperature fluctuations, challenging aquaculture operations for species such as yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), particularly under winter cooling conditions. To investigate the physiological responses of juvenile tuna, two experimental treatments low-temperature group (LT, 24 °C) and ultra-low-temperature group (ULT, 18 °C) were established and sampled at 0, 12, 24, and 36 h, alongside a 30 °C control group (CG). Transcriptomic analysis of the brain, red muscle, and white muscle revealed that, upon sensing low temperatures, the brain activated multiple immune, stress, and endocrine pathways, including TNF and Toll-like receptor signaling. In response to this activation, genes such as hspa5, hsp90aa1.2, STAT1, and CXCR2 showed altered expression, indicating their involvement in downstream stress and immune regulatory processes. Cold-stress signals were then transmitted to the muscles, which adapted via key genes linked to energy metabolism (glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, fatty acid oxidation), protein folding (HSPA1s), and myofiber remodeling (col6a2, PXN). Notably, responses were more pronounced at 18 °C. Muscle contraction-related genes (myl2b, myl13) collaborated with signaling molecules (SRC, PIK3CA_B_D) to form a stress-response network ensuring efficient energy supply, fiber stability, and contractile function. Furthermore, muscle-derived metabolites and stress proteins are fed back to the brain, establishing a cross-tissue, bidirectional regulatory loop that preserves energy provision, immune defense, and muscle integrity under cold stress. These findings advance our understanding of the molecular responses in yellowfin tuna to low-temperature conditions, offering valuable guidance for improving cold tolerance and optimizing aquaculture and ecological adaptation strategies.

全球气候变化引起的拉尼娜现象加剧了海洋温度波动，对黄鳍金枪鱼等物种的水产养殖作业构成挑战，特别是在冬季降温条件下。为了研究金枪鱼幼鱼的生理反应，我们建立了低温组（LT, 24 °C）和超低温组（ULT, 18 °C）两个实验处理，分别在0、12、24和36 h取样，并在30 °C的对照组（CG）中取样。脑、红肌和白肌的转录组学分析显示，在感知低温时，大脑激活了多种免疫、应激和内分泌途径，包括TNF和toll样受体信号。在这种激活的反应中，hspa5、hsp90aa1.2、STAT1和CXCR2等基因表达改变，表明它们参与下游应激和免疫调节过程。然后，冷应激信号被传递到肌肉，肌肉通过与能量代谢（糖酵解、糖异生、脂肪酸氧化）、蛋白质折叠（hspa1）和肌纤维重塑（col6a2、PXN）相关的关键基因进行适应。值得注意的是，反应在18 °C时更为明显。肌肉收缩相关基因（myl2b、myl13）与信号分子（SRC、PIK3CA_B_D）协同形成应激反应网络，确保有效的能量供应、纤维稳定性和收缩功能。此外，肌肉衍生的代谢物和应激蛋白被反馈到大脑，建立一个跨组织的双向调节回路，在冷应激下保持能量供应、免疫防御和肌肉完整性。这些发现有助于我们进一步了解黄鳍金枪鱼对低温条件的分子反应，为提高黄鳍金枪鱼的耐寒性、优化养殖和生态适应策略提供有价值的指导。

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引用次数: 0

Glycogen synthase 2 knock-out zebrafish exhibit enhanced glucose metabolism in the liver 糖原合成酶2敲除斑马鱼在肝脏中表现出增强的葡萄糖代谢。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111960

Keita Sameshima , Aya Yokose , Rei Yanagida , Yoshiki Sato , Yuta Suzuki , Makoto Kashima , Mayu Inokuchi , Otto Baba , Tatsuki Yoshinaga , Fumiya Furukawa

The liver is one of the major organs for glycogen storage and is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis in the whole body. Glycogen synthesis in liver is regulated by the rate-limiting enzyme, glycogen synthase 2 (Gys2). In fish, however, the detailed roles of glycogen and Gys2 are poorly understood. In this study, we generated, for the first time, gys2 knock-out (gys2 −/−) zebrafish and evaluated the effects of impaired glycogen synthesis on physiological parameters of this fish. No effects on development or maturation were observed in gys2 −/− strain lacking Gys2. Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining, immunofluorescence staining with anti-glycogen antibody, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations confirmed that glycogen synthesis does not occur in the gys2 −/− liver. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) metabolite analysis and isotope tracing revealed a marked increase in the activity of glucose metabolism and levels of related metabolites in the livers of adult gys2 −/−. Surprisingly, glucoamylase treatment released higher amount of glucose from gys2 −/− liver extract than that of the wild-type (WT) counterpart, suggesting the existence of putative compensatory or abberant glucose polymer, which might be caused by the elevated glucose metabolism in the gys2 −/− liver. Meanwhile, RNA-Seq analysis did not show increased expression levels of glucose metabolism–related genes consistent with the metabolic activity in gys2 −/− liver. These results suggest that liver Gys2 is dispensable in zebrafish, and enhanced glucose metabolism and putative backup mechanism to accumulate extra glucose may support the fish lacking Gys2.

肝脏是储存糖原的主要器官之一，对维持全身葡萄糖稳态至关重要。肝中的糖原合成受限速酶糖原合成酶2 （Gys2）的调控。然而，在鱼类中，糖原和Gys2的详细作用尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们首次生成gys2敲除（gys2-/-）斑马鱼，并评估糖原合成受损对该鱼生理参数的影响。在缺乏gys2的gys2-/-菌株中未观察到发育或成熟的影响。周期性酸希夫（PAS）染色、抗糖原抗体免疫荧光染色和透射电镜（TEM）观察证实，gys2-/-肝脏中不发生糖原合成。液相色谱-质谱（LC-MS/MS）代谢物分析和同位素示踪显示，成人gys2-/-的肝脏中葡萄糖代谢活性和相关代谢物水平显著增加。令人惊讶的是，与野生型（WT）相比，葡萄糖淀粉酶处理释放的gys2-/-肝脏提取物中的葡萄糖量更高，这表明可能存在代偿性或异常的葡萄糖聚合物，这可能是由gys2-/-肝脏中葡萄糖代谢升高引起的。同时，RNA-Seq分析未显示gys2-/-肝脏中与代谢活性一致的葡萄糖代谢相关基因表达水平升高。这些结果表明，肝脏Gys2在斑马鱼中是不可缺少的，葡萄糖代谢的增强和积累额外葡萄糖的备用机制可能支持缺乏Gys2的鱼类。

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引用次数: 0

Offspring innate immunity varies with parental age in a long-lived seabird 在长寿的海鸟中，后代的先天免疫随父母年龄的变化而变化。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111963

Beatrice Berardi , Gianluca Damiani , Gábor Á. Czirják , Silvia Filippi , Giacomo Dell'Omo , David Costantini

Parental age at reproduction is increasingly recognized as a factor influencing offspring lifespan and other fitness-related traits, yet the underlying proximate physiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. Immune function and oxidative status are two potential mediators of age-related parental effects, as both are key hallmarks of ageing. However, very few studies have examined the relationship between parental age and offspring physiological condition in wild populations. We examined immunological and cellular mechanisms potentially responsible for parental age effects in the long-lived seabird Scopoli's shearwater (Calonectris diomedea). We measured 10 markers of immune function and oxidative status in 35 chicks from either younger or older parents at two different developmental phases: one month of age and at fledging. Chicks of younger parents exhibited higher haptoglobin levels at fledging compared to chicks of older parents. No effects of parental age were found on leukocyte profiles, humoral components of acquired immunity, antioxidant enzyme activity, or DNA damage in the offspring. Our results suggest, whilst chicks of younger parents might experience more stressful conditions, overall mechanisms supporting somatic maintenance might shield offsprings from the transgenerational transfer of molecular damage that parents accumulate with age. Our findings provide novel insights into the physiological bases of parental age effects in a long-lived species.

父母的生育年龄越来越被认为是影响后代寿命和其他健康相关特征的一个因素，但潜在的近似生理机制仍然知之甚少。免疫功能和氧化状态是与年龄相关的亲代效应的两个潜在介质，因为它们都是衰老的关键标志。然而，很少有研究调查了野生种群中亲代年龄与后代生理状况之间的关系。我们研究了长寿海鸟Scopoli's shearwater （Calonectris diomedea）中可能负责父母年龄效应的免疫和细胞机制。我们测量了35只雏鸡的10种免疫功能和氧化状态标记物，这些雏鸡来自年龄较小或较大的父母，分别处于两个不同的发育阶段：一个月龄和羽翼期。年轻父母的雏鸡在羽化时表现出较高的触珠蛋白水平。未发现父母年龄对后代的白细胞谱、获得性免疫的体液成分、抗氧化酶活性或DNA损伤有影响。我们的研究结果表明，虽然年轻父母的雏鸟可能会经历更多的压力条件，但支持体细胞维持的整体机制可能会保护后代免受父母随着年龄增长而积累的分子损伤的跨代转移。我们的发现为长寿物种的亲代年龄效应的生理基础提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0