Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology最新文献_第2页

Voltage-gated K+ channels modulate the neural abiotic stress tolerance of Drosophila melanogaster 电压门控K+通道调节黑腹果蝇的神经非生物应激耐受性。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2026.111969

Mads Kuhlmann Andersen , Dawson B.H. Livingston , R. Meldrum Robertson , Heath A. MacMillan

Severe abiotic stress causes insects to lose nervous function and enter a state of paralytic coma. Central to this loss of function is a spreading depolarization (SD), where a characteristic collapse of ion gradients depolarizes neuronal and glial membranes and rapidly shuts down the CNS. Despite representing a critical limit to CNS function, the stress threshold that elicits SD can be altered by the process of acclimation and the mechanisms underlying this response remain largely unknown. Here, we made electrophysiological measurements of SD and investigated the role of voltage-gated K⁺ channels in acclimation of the CNS stress response of Drosophila melanogaster. First, we demonstrate that improved cold tolerance in the CNS elicited by cold acclimation was dampened by pharmacological blockade of voltage-gated K⁺ channels. Next, we used the Gal4/UAS model system to screen for candidate genes encoding glial voltage-gated K⁺ channels and found that knockdown of sei- and Shaw-encoded channels mimicked the effect of channel blockade. Furthermore we show that the knockdown of glial sei-encoded channels also impairs tolerance to anoxia and heat stress. These findings suggest that voltage-gated K⁺ channels, especially those encoded by sei, are integral to the CNS stress resistance and are likely involved in the acclimation response, and we posit that this could relate to mechanisms involving glial spatial buffering and barrier function. Establishing links between tissue-specific expression of candidate genes and SD mechanisms will inevitably aid our understanding of insect ecophysiology and SD-related neuropathologies.

严重的非生物应激会使昆虫失去神经功能，进入麻痹昏迷状态。这种功能丧失的核心是扩张性去极化（SD），其中离子梯度的特征性崩溃使神经元和胶质膜去极化，并迅速关闭中枢神经系统。尽管这是中枢神经系统功能的一个关键限制，但引发SD的应激阈值可以通过适应过程改变，而这种反应的机制在很大程度上仍然未知。本研究通过电生理测量SD，探讨了K+通道在果蝇中枢神经系统应激反应驯化中的作用。首先，我们证明了冷驯化引起的中枢神经系统耐寒性的提高被电压门控K+通道的药物阻断所抑制。接下来，我们使用Gal4/UAS模型系统筛选编码神经胶质电压门控K+通道的候选基因，发现sei和shaw编码通道的敲低与K+阻断的作用相似。此外，我们发现神经胶质半编码通道的敲除也会损害对缺氧和热应激的耐受性。这些发现表明，电压门控的K+通道，特别是由sei编码的K+通道，是中枢神经系统抗逆性的组成部分，可能参与了驯化反应，我们认为这可能与神经胶质空间缓冲和屏障功能有关。建立候选基因的组织特异性表达与SD机制之间的联系，将有助于我们对昆虫生态生理和SD相关神经病理的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses reveal the physiological stress responses and adaptive mechanisms of Macrobrachium nipponense to carbonate alkalinity 综合转录组学和蛋白质组学分析揭示了日本沼虾（Macrobrachium nipponense）对碳酸盐碱度的生理胁迫反应和适应机制。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2026.111970

Yiming Li , Chenxi zhu , Zongli Yao , Pengcheng Gao , Yan Li , Kai Zhou , Qichen Jiang , Qifang Lai

To explore the effect of carbonate alkalinity stress on the East Asian river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense), specimens were cultured at three alkalinity levels (0, 10, and 20 mmol/L NaHCO₃) for 96 h. We employed integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the stress response of shrimp muscle tissue to alkalinity stress. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed significant involvement of the “Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum” pathway across both omics datasets, with consistent downregulation of key components such as oligosaccharyltransferases and heat shock protein 70, suggesting potential endoplasmic reticulum stress. Additionally, both transcriptomic and proteomic data showed activation of metabolic pathways including glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) under alkaline stress. This metabolic shift serves as a vital compensatory strategy to supply the substantial ATP required for active ion transport to maintain intracellular pH stability, and to provide NADPH for antioxidant systems to counteract oxidative damage.Oxidative stress was further evidenced by changes in expression of antioxidant-related genes (e.g., peroxisomal biogenesis factor, superoxide dismutase, peroxiredoxin-5, xanthine dehydrogenase), altered expression of proteins involved in lipid metabolism and reactive oxygen species processing (e.g., long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase), and elevated levels of catalase activity and malondialdehyde content. Alkalinity stress also damaged the tissue structure of the hepatopancreas. These findings demonstrate that alkalinity induces oxidative stress and activates antioxidant defense mechanisms in M. nipponense. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for further research on the adaptive mechanisms of freshwater shrimp in saline-alkali water farming.

为探讨碳酸盐碱度胁迫对东亚河对虾（Macrobrachium nipponense）的影响，在0、10和20 mmol/L NaHCO3三个碱度水平下培养96 h。本研究采用转录组学和蛋白质组学的综合分析方法，探讨了虾肌肉组织对碱碱度胁迫反应的分子机制。京都基因和基因组百科全书富集分析显示，在两个组学数据集中，“内质网蛋白质加工”途径显著参与，低聚糖转移酶和热休克蛋白70等关键成分一致下调，提示潜在的内质网应激。此外，转录组学和蛋白质组学数据显示，在碱性胁迫下，糖酵解和戊糖磷酸途径（PPP）等代谢途径被激活。这种代谢转变是一种重要的代偿策略，可以提供活性离子运输所需的大量ATP，以维持细胞内pH稳定，并为抗氧化系统提供NADPH来抵消氧化损伤。抗氧化相关基因（如过氧化物酶体生物发生因子、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物还毒素-5、黄嘌呤脱氢酶）表达的变化、参与脂质代谢和活性氧加工的蛋白质（如长链酰基辅酶A合成酶、3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A裂解酶）表达的改变以及过氧化氢酶活性和丙二醛含量水平的升高进一步证明了氧化应激。碱胁迫对肝胰腺组织结构也有破坏作用。这些结果表明，碱度可诱导日本松的氧化应激，激活其抗氧化防御机制。本研究结果为进一步研究淡水对虾在盐碱水养殖中的适应机制提供了理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Not the cAMP/PKA pathway but the cGMP/PKG pathway promotes branchial ammonia excretion in the green shore crab, Carcinus maenas cGMP/PKG途径而非cAMP/PKA途径促进绿岸蟹鳃氨排泄。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2026.111968

Baoyue Zhang, Dirk Weihrauch

Ammonotelic animals excrete their toxic waste ammonia directly into the surrounding environment. To deal with conditions causing elevated hemolymph ammonia levels, such as feeding, an efficient ammonia excretion process must be in place to keep hemolymph ammonia levels within a tolerable range. Although the actual ammonia excretion mechanisms in fish and crustaceans have been investigated extensively, the intracellular regulation of these processes is more or less unknown. To investigate the involvement of the cAMP/PKA and cGMP/PKG pathway in the branchial excretion process, gills from osmoregulating green shore crabs, Carcinus maenas, were isolated and perfused with solutions containing either 200 or 500 μmol L⁻¹ NH₄Cl, mimicking the hemolymph ammonia levels in the resting state and after feeding, respectively. Basolateral application of forskolin or 8-Bromo-cAMP caused a significant decrease in the ammonia excretion rate. Moreover, cAMP activation caused an increase in metabolically generated ammonia, of which the majority was now transported towards the hemolymph side and not, as seen under control conditions, into the environment. This suggests that cAMP/PKA pathway promotes a so far not described ammonia retention mechanism. In contrast, activating the cGMP/PKG pathway by 8-Bromo-cGMP resulted in an increase of the transbranchial ammonia excretion rate, which could be partially inhibited by the PKG blocker KT5823. Participation of branchial expressed nitric oxide synthase in cGMP synthesis via the soluble guanylyl cyclase is suggested due to the observed inhibitory effect after the application of L-NAME. This study opens a new venue of investigations regarding epithelial ammonia transport regulation in animal systems.

氨动物将有毒的氨废物直接排泄到周围的环境中。为了处理引起血淋巴氨水平升高的情况，如进食，必须有一个有效的氨排泄过程，以使血淋巴氨水平保持在可容忍的范围内。尽管鱼类和甲壳类动物的实际氨排泄机制已经被广泛研究，但这些过程的细胞内调节或多或少是未知的。为了研究cAMP/PKA和cGMP/PKG通路在鳃排泄过程中的作用，我们分离了绿滨蟹（Carcinus maenas）的鳃，分别用含有200或500 μmol L-1 NH4Cl的溶液灌注，模拟其静息状态和进食后的血淋巴氨水平。基侧施用福斯克林或8-溴- camp可显著降低氨排泄率。此外，cAMP激活导致代谢产生的氨增加，其中大部分现在被运送到血淋巴一侧，而不是像在控制条件下看到的那样进入环境。这表明cAMP/PKA通路促进了迄今尚未描述的氨潴留机制。相反，通过8-溴-cGMP激活cGMP/PKG通路，可增加经鳃氨排泄率，PKG阻阻剂KT5823可部分抑制这一作用。由于使用L-NAME后观察到抑制作用，因此建议鳃表达的一氧化氮合酶通过可溶性胍基环化酶参与cGMP的合成。本研究为动物系统中上皮氨转运调控的研究开辟了新的领域。

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引用次数: 0

Endogenous trade-offs among organs across seasonal reproductive states in the spotted munia (Lonchura punctulata) 斑文鸟（Lonchura punctulata）跨季节生殖状态器官间的内源性权衡。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2026.111967

Shirin Fatima , Sayantan Sur , Jyoti Tiwari , Vikas Yadav , Mihir Kumar , Aakansha Sharma , Sangeeta Rani , Shalie Malik

Annual reproductive processes are timed by the endogenous circannual clock and environmental cues. Although seasonal phenotypic plasticity is well-documented in birds, the endogenous changes in organ size and histomorphometry are less characterized. The current experiment was designed to investigate the annual changes in reproductive, metabolic, and immune organs across reproductive states under constant environmental conditions. To address this question, we chose the spotted munia, a subtropical passerine finch, which shows robust circannual rhythmicity under captivity. Munias (N = 15 Males +15 Females) were kept under equinox photoperiod (12 L: 12D, L = Light, ∼1.86 W/m²; D = Dark, <0.00014 W/m²) with constant temperature (22 ± 2 °C) and humidity (58 ± 2 %) for ∼9 months. Laparotomy was performed to identify annual reproductive states, including pre-breeding, breeding, and the onset of regression phase (N = 5 Males +5 Females, each group), in which morphometry and histological assays were conducted. We observed body fattening, elevated heterophil-to-lymphocyte (H/L) ratio, gonadal recrudescence, and muscle fibre growth, along with splenic atrophy during the breeding phase. Principal component analysis revealed that reproductive and metabolic traits clustered together and traded off against immune traits, while body mass and intestine length loaded on a separate axis. Overall, our data demonstrate the presence of endogenously regulated trade-offs in physiology and histology, highlighting the role of circannual clocks in directing avian life-history strategies.

每年的繁殖过程是由内源性的生物钟和环境线索来计时的。尽管季节性表型可塑性在鸟类中得到了充分的证明，但器官大小和组织形态计量学的内源性变化却很少被表征。本实验旨在研究恒定环境条件下不同生殖状态下生殖、代谢和免疫器官的年变化。为了解决这个问题，我们选择了斑文鸟，一种亚热带雀形目雀，在圈养下表现出强烈的年周期性。Munias (N =男性 15 + 15雌性)保持在equinox光周期(12 L: 12 D, L = 光,~ 1.86 W / m2; D = 黑暗,2)在恒定的温度(22 ±2  °C)和湿度(58 ±2  %)~ 9个月。开腹探查每年的繁殖状态，包括繁殖前、繁殖期和退行期的开始（N = 每组5雄+5雌），并进行形态学和组织学分析。在繁殖阶段，我们观察到体增肥、嗜淋巴细胞/淋巴细胞（H/L）比升高、性腺复发、肌纤维生长以及脾脏萎缩。主成分分析显示，生殖和代谢特征聚集在一起，与免疫特征相互抵消，而体重和肠道长度则在一个单独的轴上负荷。总的来说，我们的数据表明，在生理和组织学上存在内源性调节的权衡，突出了生物钟在指导鸟类生活史策略中的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Gonadic cycle and environmental modulation of P450 aromatase localization in Cerastoderma glaucum ovary from Monastir Bay Monastir湾青光皮子房P450芳香化酶定位的性腺周期和环境调节

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2026.111966

Imen Hmidi , Lorenzo Riccio , Teresa Chianese , Latifa Knani , Luigi Rosati , Leila Hmida

The gonadic cycle of bivalve molluscs is highly variable and depends on several factors, including the geographical location and environmental conditions of the populations. The aim of this study was to analyse the gonadic cycle of Cerastoderma glaucum female by monitoring a population sampled in Monastir Bay (Tunisia) over a period of 13 months, correlating histological analyses of the ovary with environmental parameters. In addition, we studied the localisation of P450 aromatase, a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of 17β-estradiol, to understand its possible role in regulating the oogenesis process. Histological analysis of the ovary revealed the constant presence of oocytes at different stages of maturation, suggesting an asynchronous reproductive cycle, in which the reproductive phase of C. glaucum is continuous throughout the year, without periods of quiescence, and is characterized by three main reproductive events: one in spring, the most significant in summer and a final one in autumn. Environmental factors such as temperature appear to support the progression of gametogenesis, while salinity appears to influence the gamete release phase. Finally, the distribution of aromatase showed a clear correlation with oocyte maturation stages, suggesting a direct involvement of the enzyme in the progression of the female gonadal cycle. Aromatase expression therefore appears to respond to environmental changes, such as variations in water temperature, suggesting a possible mechanism of environmental regulation of reproductive function.

双壳类软体动物的性腺周期是高度可变的，取决于几个因素，包括种群的地理位置和环境条件。本研究的目的是通过对突尼斯Monastir湾的一个种群进行为期13个月的监测，分析青光眼囊胚雌虫的性腺周期，并将卵巢组织学分析与环境参数相关联。此外，我们研究了P450芳香酶的定位，P450是参与17β-雌二醇生物合成的关键酶，以了解其在调节卵子发生过程中的可能作用。卵巢组织学分析显示，不同成熟阶段的卵母细胞持续存在，表明其具有非同步的生殖周期，在该生殖周期中，蓝月子的生殖阶段全年连续，没有静止期，其特征是三个主要的生殖事件：春季一次，夏季最重要，秋季最后一次。环境因素如温度似乎支持配子发生的进程，而盐度似乎影响配子释放阶段。最后，芳香化酶的分布与卵母细胞成熟阶段有明显的相关性，表明该酶直接参与了女性性腺周期的进展。因此，芳香酶的表达似乎响应环境变化，如水温的变化，这表明环境调节生殖功能的可能机制。

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引用次数: 0

The Captive Gut: the impacts of long-term captivity on the intestinal digestive enzyme activities of a marine herbivorous fish 圈养肠道：长期圈养对海洋草食性鱼类肠道消化酶活性的影响。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111965

Jordan E. Buckner , Leyna Vo , Michelle J. Herrera , Karina Brocco French, Daniel R. Rankins, Jacqueline Vasquez, Asmita Pande, Kwasi M. Connor, Valentina I. Peña Gonzalez, Donovan P. German

Given that digestion is largely a chemical process in fishes that do not masticate or triturate their food, digestive enzyme activities are frequently measured as indicators of what nutrients a fish can readily digest. Here, we explored what happens to digestive tract length and digestive enzyme activities in a marine herbivorous fish (Xiphister mucosus) fed in captivity for more than two years. Captivity is known to impact nearly all aspects of an animal's biology, but the gut microbiome has received more attention than digestive biochemistry in this regard. After consuming a prepared diet primarily composed of algae collected from the same site from which the fish were collected for over two years, the lab-fed fish showed a marked reduction in amylase, trypsin, and aminopeptidase activities in comparison to wild-caught fish. Moreover, the gradient of activity moving along the intestine (activities decreasing distally for amylase and trypsin, increasing for aminopeptidase) completely disappeared in the lab-fed fish. The relative gut length decreased by about 18 % in the lab-fed fish, suggesting that they ate less than their wild counterparts, which likely led to slower gut transit and more time for enzymes to interact with substrates. Hence, digestive enzyme activities were lower in the lab-fed fish. A formulated diet in the laboratory presents a different gut environment for the herbivorous X. mucosus, and perhaps feeding them a live algal diet would better replicate the wild-gut phenotype if this fish is to be held for lengthy periods of time for display or aquaculture purposes.

考虑到消化在很大程度上是鱼类的化学过程，它们不咀嚼或营养食物，消化酶的活性通常被测量为鱼类容易消化的营养物质的指标。在这里，我们探索了在人工饲养两年多的海洋草食性鱼（Xiphister mucosus）中消化道长度和消化酶活性的变化。众所周知，圈养会影响动物生物学的几乎所有方面，但在这方面，肠道微生物组比消化生物化学受到更多的关注。两年多来，在食用了主要由从同一地点采集的藻类组成的饲料后，与野生捕捞的鱼相比，实验室喂养的鱼的淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和氨基肽酶活性明显降低。此外，在实验室喂养的鱼中，沿着肠道移动的活性梯度（淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶的活性远端降低，氨基肽酶的活性升高）完全消失。在实验室喂养的鱼中，肠道的相对长度减少了约18% %，这表明它们比野生的同类吃得少，这可能导致肠道转运缓慢，酶与底物相互作用的时间更长。因此，实验室喂养的鱼的消化酶活性较低。实验室的配方饲料为植食性粘膜X.提供了不同的肠道环境，如果这种鱼要长时间饲养以供展示或水产养殖，可能给它们喂食活藻饲料会更好地复制野生肠道表型。

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引用次数: 0

Hematopoietic and immune homeostasis programs of the Polian vesicle after evisceration in Apostichopus japonicus 日本刺参内脏后Polian囊泡的造血和免疫稳态程序。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111964

Qianwen Wu , Wei Cui , Chunxi Jiang , Lina Sun , Qiming Feng , Fang Su

Polian vesicles (PVs) are key components of the water vascular system in sea cucumbers, functioning in hematopoiesis and immune defense, and notably remaining as the sole organs within the coelomic cavity after evisceration. To elucidate how accessory water-vascular organs participate in visceral regeneration, we performed time-resolved transcriptome profiling of PVs collected at early post-evisceration stages (at 6 h, 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days post-evisceration) in Apostichopus japonicus. Our study reveals a highly dynamic and sequential regulatory process, characterized by an acute transcriptional response transitioning to stabilized remodeling. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) peaked at the early stage (6 hpe) and subsequently declined. At 6 hpe, pathways for metabolic activation and DNA replication predominated. During 1–3 dpe, signals shifted to structural reconstruction and immune activation. By 7 dpe, modules linked to immune homeostasis and functional recovery. Notably, ECM remodeling and signal transduction were sustained. Network analysis highlighted key gene modules and hub genes driving each distinct regenerative stages. Collectively, our results position the PV as a dynamic regulatory hub that supports early visceral regeneration by coupling hematopoietic output with tissue-repair signaling.

海参囊泡（polyan vesic泡，pv）是海参水血管系统的重要组成部分，具有造血和免疫防御功能，是海参内脏取出后体腔内唯一的器官。为了阐明辅助水维管器官是如何参与内脏再生的，我们对日本刺参（Apostichopus japonicus）在去内脏后早期（去内脏后6 h、1 天、3 天和7 天）收集的pv进行了时间分辨率转录组分析。我们的研究揭示了一个高度动态和顺序的调节过程，其特点是急性转录反应过渡到稳定的重塑。差异表达基因（deg）的数量在早期达到峰值（6 hpe），随后下降。在6岁时，代谢激活和DNA复制途径占主导地位。在1-3 dpe期间，信号转移到结构重建和免疫激活。到7 dpe，与免疫稳态和功能恢复相关的模块。值得注意的是，ECM重构和信号转导得以持续。网络分析强调了驱动每个不同再生阶段的关键基因模块和枢纽基因。总的来说，我们的研究结果将PV定位为一个动态调节中心，通过将造血输出与组织修复信号相结合来支持早期内脏再生。

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引用次数: 0

Analysis of the transcriptional mechanisms of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) juveniles in response to acute cold stress in brain and muscle tissues 黄鳍金枪鱼幼鱼脑和肌肉组织响应急性冷应激的转录机制分析。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111962

Junhua Huang , Zhengyi Fu , Zhenhua Ma

La Nina events caused by global climate change have amplified ocean temperature fluctuations, challenging aquaculture operations for species such as yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), particularly under winter cooling conditions. To investigate the physiological responses of juvenile tuna, two experimental treatments low-temperature group (LT, 24 °C) and ultra-low-temperature group (ULT, 18 °C) were established and sampled at 0, 12, 24, and 36 h, alongside a 30 °C control group (CG). Transcriptomic analysis of the brain, red muscle, and white muscle revealed that, upon sensing low temperatures, the brain activated multiple immune, stress, and endocrine pathways, including TNF and Toll-like receptor signaling. In response to this activation, genes such as hspa5, hsp90aa1.2, STAT1, and CXCR2 showed altered expression, indicating their involvement in downstream stress and immune regulatory processes. Cold-stress signals were then transmitted to the muscles, which adapted via key genes linked to energy metabolism (glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, fatty acid oxidation), protein folding (HSPA1s), and myofiber remodeling (col6a2, PXN). Notably, responses were more pronounced at 18 °C. Muscle contraction-related genes (myl2b, myl13) collaborated with signaling molecules (SRC, PIK3CA_B_D) to form a stress-response network ensuring efficient energy supply, fiber stability, and contractile function. Furthermore, muscle-derived metabolites and stress proteins are fed back to the brain, establishing a cross-tissue, bidirectional regulatory loop that preserves energy provision, immune defense, and muscle integrity under cold stress. These findings advance our understanding of the molecular responses in yellowfin tuna to low-temperature conditions, offering valuable guidance for improving cold tolerance and optimizing aquaculture and ecological adaptation strategies.

全球气候变化引起的拉尼娜现象加剧了海洋温度波动，对黄鳍金枪鱼等物种的水产养殖作业构成挑战，特别是在冬季降温条件下。为了研究金枪鱼幼鱼的生理反应，我们建立了低温组（LT, 24 °C）和超低温组（ULT, 18 °C）两个实验处理，分别在0、12、24和36 h取样，并在30 °C的对照组（CG）中取样。脑、红肌和白肌的转录组学分析显示，在感知低温时，大脑激活了多种免疫、应激和内分泌途径，包括TNF和toll样受体信号。在这种激活的反应中，hspa5、hsp90aa1.2、STAT1和CXCR2等基因表达改变，表明它们参与下游应激和免疫调节过程。然后，冷应激信号被传递到肌肉，肌肉通过与能量代谢（糖酵解、糖异生、脂肪酸氧化）、蛋白质折叠（hspa1）和肌纤维重塑（col6a2、PXN）相关的关键基因进行适应。值得注意的是，反应在18 °C时更为明显。肌肉收缩相关基因（myl2b、myl13）与信号分子（SRC、PIK3CA_B_D）协同形成应激反应网络，确保有效的能量供应、纤维稳定性和收缩功能。此外，肌肉衍生的代谢物和应激蛋白被反馈到大脑，建立一个跨组织的双向调节回路，在冷应激下保持能量供应、免疫防御和肌肉完整性。这些发现有助于我们进一步了解黄鳍金枪鱼对低温条件的分子反应，为提高黄鳍金枪鱼的耐寒性、优化养殖和生态适应策略提供有价值的指导。

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引用次数: 0

Offspring innate immunity varies with parental age in a long-lived seabird 在长寿的海鸟中，后代的先天免疫随父母年龄的变化而变化。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111963

Beatrice Berardi , Gianluca Damiani , Gábor Á. Czirják , Silvia Filippi , Giacomo Dell'Omo , David Costantini

Parental age at reproduction is increasingly recognized as a factor influencing offspring lifespan and other fitness-related traits, yet the underlying proximate physiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. Immune function and oxidative status are two potential mediators of age-related parental effects, as both are key hallmarks of ageing. However, very few studies have examined the relationship between parental age and offspring physiological condition in wild populations. We examined immunological and cellular mechanisms potentially responsible for parental age effects in the long-lived seabird Scopoli's shearwater (Calonectris diomedea). We measured 10 markers of immune function and oxidative status in 35 chicks from either younger or older parents at two different developmental phases: one month of age and at fledging. Chicks of younger parents exhibited higher haptoglobin levels at fledging compared to chicks of older parents. No effects of parental age were found on leukocyte profiles, humoral components of acquired immunity, antioxidant enzyme activity, or DNA damage in the offspring. Our results suggest, whilst chicks of younger parents might experience more stressful conditions, overall mechanisms supporting somatic maintenance might shield offsprings from the transgenerational transfer of molecular damage that parents accumulate with age. Our findings provide novel insights into the physiological bases of parental age effects in a long-lived species.

父母的生育年龄越来越被认为是影响后代寿命和其他健康相关特征的一个因素，但潜在的近似生理机制仍然知之甚少。免疫功能和氧化状态是与年龄相关的亲代效应的两个潜在介质，因为它们都是衰老的关键标志。然而，很少有研究调查了野生种群中亲代年龄与后代生理状况之间的关系。我们研究了长寿海鸟Scopoli's shearwater （Calonectris diomedea）中可能负责父母年龄效应的免疫和细胞机制。我们测量了35只雏鸡的10种免疫功能和氧化状态标记物，这些雏鸡来自年龄较小或较大的父母，分别处于两个不同的发育阶段：一个月龄和羽翼期。年轻父母的雏鸡在羽化时表现出较高的触珠蛋白水平。未发现父母年龄对后代的白细胞谱、获得性免疫的体液成分、抗氧化酶活性或DNA损伤有影响。我们的研究结果表明，虽然年轻父母的雏鸟可能会经历更多的压力条件，但支持体细胞维持的整体机制可能会保护后代免受父母随着年龄增长而积累的分子损伤的跨代转移。我们的发现为长寿物种的亲代年龄效应的生理基础提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Glycogen synthase 2 knock-out zebrafish exhibit enhanced glucose metabolism in the liver 糖原合成酶2敲除斑马鱼在肝脏中表现出增强的葡萄糖代谢。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111960

Keita Sameshima , Aya Yokose , Rei Yanagida , Yoshiki Sato , Yuta Suzuki , Makoto Kashima , Mayu Inokuchi , Otto Baba , Tatsuki Yoshinaga , Fumiya Furukawa

The liver is one of the major organs for glycogen storage and is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis in the whole body. Glycogen synthesis in liver is regulated by the rate-limiting enzyme, glycogen synthase 2 (Gys2). In fish, however, the detailed roles of glycogen and Gys2 are poorly understood. In this study, we generated, for the first time, gys2 knock-out (gys2 −/−) zebrafish and evaluated the effects of impaired glycogen synthesis on physiological parameters of this fish. No effects on development or maturation were observed in gys2 −/− strain lacking Gys2. Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining, immunofluorescence staining with anti-glycogen antibody, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations confirmed that glycogen synthesis does not occur in the gys2 −/− liver. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) metabolite analysis and isotope tracing revealed a marked increase in the activity of glucose metabolism and levels of related metabolites in the livers of adult gys2 −/−. Surprisingly, glucoamylase treatment released higher amount of glucose from gys2 −/− liver extract than that of the wild-type (WT) counterpart, suggesting the existence of putative compensatory or abberant glucose polymer, which might be caused by the elevated glucose metabolism in the gys2 −/− liver. Meanwhile, RNA-Seq analysis did not show increased expression levels of glucose metabolism–related genes consistent with the metabolic activity in gys2 −/− liver. These results suggest that liver Gys2 is dispensable in zebrafish, and enhanced glucose metabolism and putative backup mechanism to accumulate extra glucose may support the fish lacking Gys2.

肝脏是储存糖原的主要器官之一，对维持全身葡萄糖稳态至关重要。肝中的糖原合成受限速酶糖原合成酶2 （Gys2）的调控。然而，在鱼类中，糖原和Gys2的详细作用尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们首次生成gys2敲除（gys2-/-）斑马鱼，并评估糖原合成受损对该鱼生理参数的影响。在缺乏gys2的gys2-/-菌株中未观察到发育或成熟的影响。周期性酸希夫（PAS）染色、抗糖原抗体免疫荧光染色和透射电镜（TEM）观察证实，gys2-/-肝脏中不发生糖原合成。液相色谱-质谱（LC-MS/MS）代谢物分析和同位素示踪显示，成人gys2-/-的肝脏中葡萄糖代谢活性和相关代谢物水平显著增加。令人惊讶的是，与野生型（WT）相比，葡萄糖淀粉酶处理释放的gys2-/-肝脏提取物中的葡萄糖量更高，这表明可能存在代偿性或异常的葡萄糖聚合物，这可能是由gys2-/-肝脏中葡萄糖代谢升高引起的。同时，RNA-Seq分析未显示gys2-/-肝脏中与代谢活性一致的葡萄糖代谢相关基因表达水平升高。这些结果表明，肝脏Gys2在斑马鱼中是不可缺少的，葡萄糖代谢的增强和积累额外葡萄糖的备用机制可能支持缺乏Gys2的鱼类。

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引用次数: 0