Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology最新文献_第6页

Born in complexity: How the early life environment shapes zebrafish larvae phenotype 出生在复杂：早期生活环境如何塑造斑马鱼幼虫表型。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111930

Julia A. Bourdeau, Sarah L. Alderman

The biotic and abiotic environments are potent drivers of individual plasticity. Zebrafish, a popular research model around the world, has been extensively used for understanding the proximate cause and mechanisms of phenotypic plasticity to environmental enrichment. Despite awareness of providing high-standard rearing condition for increasing fish welfare, rearing of zebrafish larvae involves little more than stable temperature and daily water changes. We asked whether including Lego bricks as additional visual and mechanosensory stimuli during early rearing would induce developmental plasticity across morphological (growth, forebrain cell proliferation), physiological (stress response), and behavioural (anxiety, habituation) endpoints. We raised zebrafish in Petri dishes with complexity (Lego bricks) from fertilization to 5 days post-fertilization (dpf) and then compared phenotypes to those of traditionally reared larvae (barren). Relative to barren-reared larvae, those raised with complexity were shorter and did not increase whole body cortisol in response to an acute agitation stressor. Forebrain cell proliferation was not different between treatments, however, larvae raised with complexity habituated sooner to an adverse stimulus and showed a tendency towards reduced anxiety-like behaviour, suggesting the anxiolytic effects of environmental enrichment may be initiated at early life stages. Taken together, our results invite consideration into how current practices in raising zebrafish may influence neurodevelopment and behavioural research findings, and may be applied to improve outcomes in fish breeding programs for conservation initiatives.

生物和非生物环境是个体可塑性的有力驱动因素。斑马鱼是一种在世界范围内流行的研究模型，被广泛用于了解环境富集的表型可塑性的近因和机制。尽管人们意识到为提高鱼类福利提供高标准的饲养条件，但斑马鱼幼鱼的饲养只需要稳定的温度和每天的换水。我们询问，在早期抚养过程中，将乐高积木作为额外的视觉和机械感官刺激是否会诱导形态（生长、前脑细胞增殖）、生理（应激反应）和行为（焦虑、习惯化）端点的发育可塑性。我们将斑马鱼置于复杂的培养皿（乐高积木）中，从受精到受精后5 天（dpf），然后将其表型与传统饲养的幼虫（不孕）进行比较。相对于不育饲养的幼虫，复杂饲养的幼虫更矮，并且在急性激动应激源的反应中不会增加全身皮质醇。不同处理的前脑细胞增殖没有差异，然而，复杂性饲养的幼虫更容易适应不利刺激，并表现出减少焦虑样行为的趋势，这表明环境富集的焦虑效应可能在生命早期就开始了。综上所述，我们的研究结果引起了人们对当前饲养斑马鱼的做法如何影响神经发育和行为研究结果的思考，并可能应用于改善鱼类繁殖计划的保护计划。

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引用次数: 0

Osteocalcin plasticity and enhanced colocalization with Gprc6A may contribute to musculoskeletal maintenance in hibernating Daurian ground squirrels 骨钙素的可塑性和与Gprc6A共定位的增强可能有助于达斡尔地松鼠冬眠时肌肉骨骼的维持。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111941

Yue He , Kai Dang , Yong Kong , Fangyang Pan , Mu Cui , Yuhong Niu , Yongai Zhang

Objectives

Hibernating mammals provide a natural model for investigating mechanisms of resistance to disuse-induced musculoskeletal degeneration. However, the molecular pathways enabling muscle and bone preservation during prolonged inactivity remain insufficiently defined. This study examined the temporal dynamics of osteocalcin and its receptor G protein-coupled receptor family C group 6 member A (Gprc6A) across hibernation states in Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus) to elucidate potential mechanisms of musculoskeletal maintenance during torpor-arousal cycles.

Methods

Hindlimb muscle and bone mass, along with tibial bone microstructure, were quantitatively assessed at key hibernation phases. Serum osteocalcin concentrations and expression profiles of osteocalcin and Gprc6A were evaluated by western blotting and immunofluorescent colocalization analyses.

Results

Musculoskeletal mass and tibial microstructure exhibited only minor changes across hibernation periods (P > 0.05). Tibial osteocalcin expression decreased significantly during torpor compared to the summer active phase but was restored during interbout arousal. In the soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles, osteocalcin expression was markedly up-regulated during interbout arousal relative to torpor (P < 0.05). Gprc6A expression in the EDL also increased significantly during interbout arousal compared to summer and torpor phases. Enhanced colocalization of osteocalcin and Gprc6A was observed in both tibial bone and EDL muscle during torpor (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Daurian ground squirrels exhibited remarkable musculoskeletal resilience during prolonged hibernation, maintaining structural integrity despite extended inactivity. Oscillatory expression of osteocalcin and Gprc6A during arousal phases, combined with sustained ligand-receptor colocalization during torpor, may constitute a coordinated endocrine-musculoskeletal adaptation that preserves tissue function during hibernation.

目的：冬眠哺乳动物为研究废用诱导的肌肉骨骼变性的抵抗机制提供了一个自然模型。然而，在长时间不运动的情况下，使肌肉和骨骼保存的分子途径仍然不够明确。本研究检测了达斡尔地松鼠（达乌尔鼠）在冬眠状态下骨钙素及其受体G蛋白偶联受体家族C组6成员A （Gprc6A）的时间动态，以阐明冬眠觉醒周期中肌肉骨骼维持的潜在机制。方法：在冬眠的关键阶段，定量评估后肢肌肉和骨量以及胫骨骨微观结构。采用免疫印迹法和免疫荧光共定位法检测血清骨钙素浓度、骨钙素和Gprc6A的表达谱。结果：肌肉骨骼质量和胫骨微观结构在冬眠期间只有微小的变化（P > 0.05）。与夏季活跃期相比，冬眠期间胫骨骨钙素表达明显下降，但在间歇觉醒期间恢复。在比目鱼肌（SOL）和指长伸肌（EDL）中，骨钙素的表达在间歇唤醒时明显上调(P 结论：达斡尔地松鼠在长时间冬眠中表现出显著的肌肉骨骼弹性，尽管长时间不活动，但仍能保持结构完整性。在觉醒阶段骨钙素和Gprc6A的振荡表达，结合在睡眠期间持续的配体-受体共定位，可能构成了一种协调的内分泌-肌肉-骨骼适应，在冬眠期间保持组织功能。

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引用次数: 0

Microplastics affect food intake and the expression of appetite regulators and nutrient transporters in pond loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) 微塑料影响塘泥鳅的摄食及食欲调节因子和营养转运蛋白的表达。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111935

Thanushanthahi Loganathan, Julianna Dyke, Helene Volkoff

Microplastics (MPs) are emerging pollutants in freshwater ecosystems, posing risks to aquatic organisms. This study examines the effects of dietary MP exposure on food intake, appetite regulation, and nutrient transporter expression in pond loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus), a sediment-feeding facultative air breathing freshwater fish. Fish were exposed to small (250–300 μm), medium (425–500 μm), and large (710–850 μm) polyethylene microspheres for two weeks. Food intake was significantly reduced in fish fed small and medium MPs, but not large MPs, suggesting size-dependent ingestion effects. In the brain, MP (425–500 μm) exposure suppressed orexin expression, a key appetite-stimulating neuropeptide, while other central appetite regulators remained unchanged. In the anterior intestine, anorexigenic peptides such as cholecystokinin (cck) and peptide YY (pyy) were upregulated, alongside glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (gip), indicating enhanced satiety signaling. Sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 (slc5a1) expression was downregulated, suggesting impaired glucose absorption. MPs induced upregulation of gip and urea transporter 2 (slc14a2) in the mid intestine, and pyy, gip, glucose transporter 1 (slc2a1), urea transporter 2 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (hif1a) in the posterior intestine. These results show that MP exposure disrupts feeding, alters endocrine signaling, and affects nutrient absorption in pond loach, highlighting the physiological sensitivity of sediment-feeding fish to MP contamination and the ecological risks posed by plastic pollution to aquatic species and ecosystems.

微塑料是淡水生态系统中的新兴污染物，对水生生物构成威胁。本研究考察了塘泥鳅（Misgurnus anguillicaudatus）（一种以沉积物为食的兼性空气呼吸淡水鱼）饮食中MP暴露对食物摄入、食欲调节和营养转运蛋白表达的影响。将鱼暴露在小（250-300 μm）、中（425-500 μm）和大（710-850 μm）聚乙烯微球中两周。喂食小、中型MPs的鱼的食物摄取量显著减少，但喂食大MPs的鱼的食物摄取量没有显著减少，这表明摄取量依赖于大小。在大脑中，MP（425-500 μm）暴露抑制了食欲素（一种关键的食欲刺激神经肽）的表达，而其他中枢食欲调节因子保持不变。在前肠中，厌氧肽如胆囊收缩素（cck）和YY肽（pyy）与葡萄糖依赖的促胰岛素多肽（gip）一起上调，表明饱腹感信号增强。钠依赖性葡萄糖转运蛋白1 （slc5a1）表达下调，提示葡萄糖吸收受损。MPs诱导中肠gip和尿素转运蛋白2 （slc14a2）上调，后肠pyy、gip、葡萄糖转运蛋白1 （slc2a1）、尿素转运蛋白2和缺氧诱导因子1α (hif1a)上调。这些结果表明，MP暴露会扰乱池塘泥鳅的摄食，改变内分泌信号，影响营养吸收，突出了沉积物摄食鱼类对MP污染的生理敏感性以及塑料污染对水生物种和生态系统造成的生态风险。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated analysis of antioxidant defense and energy metabolism in the gills of Sinonovacula constricta under hyposalinity stress 低盐度胁迫下缢蛏鳃抗氧化防御与能量代谢的综合分析。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111932

Yuting Han , Kai Ye , Geqi Gao , Jinxu Guo , Ming Shan , Donghong Niu

Salinity has a significant impact on the growth, energy metabolism, and immune regulation of marine bivalves. To elucidate the response of marine bivalves to low salinity environments and their tolerance mechanisms, this study investigated histopathological alterations and measured oxidative stress indicators along with energy metabolism parameters in gill tissues of Sinonovacula constricta under hyposalinity stress (salinity 5). Transcriptomic profiling of gills from the control group (salinity 20) and low salinity group was concurrently analyzed. The results demonstrated that during the initial stress phase, the antioxidant defense system was activated, evidenced by significant increases in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities as well as total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). Concurrently, elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) indicated oxidative stress status. In the later stress phase, declined activities of antioxidant enzymes suggested severe oxidative damage. Throughout hyposalinity exposure, ATP content progressively decreased, while ATPase and pyruvate kinase (PK) activities exhibited an initial increase followed by reduction, reflecting elevated energy expenditure. Transcriptomic analysis identified 501 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between low salinity and control groups. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed significant enrichment of these DEGs in energy metabolism and protein synthesis-related processes, with notable enrichment in functional enzyme activities associated with the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway in gills. This study systematically revealed the physiological response mechanisms of S. constricta to hyposalinity stress, and elucidated the roles of the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway, amino acid metabolism, and endoplasmic reticulum protein processing in the adaptation of S. constricta to hyposalinity stress.

盐度对海洋双壳类的生长、能量代谢和免疫调节有显著影响。为了阐明海洋双壳类动物对低盐度环境的响应及其耐受机制，本研究对低盐度胁迫（盐度5）下缢蛏鳃组织的组织病理学变化进行了研究，并测量了氧化应激指标和能量代谢参数。同时分析对照组（盐度20）和低盐度组的鳃转录组谱。结果表明，在胁迫初期，抗氧化防御系统被激活，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性显著升高，总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）显著升高。同时，活性氧（ROS）和丙二醛（MDA）水平升高表明氧化应激状态。在胁迫后期，抗氧化酶活性下降，表明氧化损伤严重。在整个低盐暴露过程中，ATP含量逐渐降低，而ATP酶和丙酮酸激酶（PK）活性呈现出先升高后降低的趋势，反映了能量消耗的增加。转录组学分析发现，低盐度组与对照组之间存在501个差异表达基因（DEGs）。GO和KEGG富集分析显示，这些DEGs在能量代谢和蛋白质合成相关过程中显著富集，在鳃中与磷脂酰肌醇信号通路相关的功能酶活性中显著富集。本研究系统揭示了缢蛏对低盐度胁迫的生理反应机制，阐明了磷脂酰肌醇信号通路、氨基酸代谢和内质网蛋白加工在缢蛏适应低盐度胁迫中的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Up-regulation of cell apoptosis, autophagy and mitochondrial dynamics in ovarian granulosa cells of Daurian ground squirrels during the pre-hibernation period 冬眠前达斡尔地松鼠卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡、自噬和线粒体动力学的上调。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111927

Xi Wang , Hao Li , Zhaomei Dong , Wenjing Lu , Jirui Chen , Haolin Zhang , Zhengrong Yuan , Yuning Liu , Qiang Weng , Yingying Han

Daurian ground squirrel (Spermophilus dauricus) exhibits both seasonal breeding and hibernation characteristics, but the adaptive changes in ovaries during the transition from seasonal reproduction to hibernation remain poorly understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the regulatory characteristics of granulosa cell apoptosis, autophagy and mitochondrial dynamics in the ovaries of wild Daurian ground squirrels across the April (breeding period), June (non-breeding period), and September (non-breeding and pre-hibernation period). The results proved that ovarian weight, as well as serum reproductive hormones, significantly decreased in June and September compared with April. Interestingly, unlike in June, many growing antral follicles emerged in the ovaries of wild Daurian ground squirrels during September. Furthermore, the molecular studies revealed a significant increase in ovarian gene expression related to cell apoptosis (Casp3, Bax/Bcl-2), autophagy (Becn1, Pink1, Parkin, Sqstm1) and mitochondrial dynamics (Mfn1, Mfn2, Drp1) during September compared to June. Additionally, immunohistochemical results indicated that the protein levels of the aforementioned genes and LC3A/B were concurrently upregulated, predominantly located in ovarian granulosa cells. Consistently, comparative analysis of ovarian transcriptomic data across different periods further confirmed that genes differentially expressed during the three periods were enriched in pathways related to apoptosis, autophagy, and mitochondrial dynamics. In summary, these results revealed a significant up-regulation of cell apoptosis, autophagy, and mitochondrial dynamism in ovarian granulosa cells of wild ground squirrels during the pre-hibernation period, may play a critical role in ovarian development for hibernation and subsequent stage.

达斡尔地松鼠（spermoophilus dauricus）具有季节性繁殖和冬眠的特征，但在从季节性繁殖到冬眠的过渡过程中，卵巢的适应性变化尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨野生达斡尔地松鼠卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡、自噬和线粒体动力学在4月（繁殖期）、6月（非繁殖期）和9月（非繁殖期和冬眠前）的调控特征。结果表明，卵巢重量和血清生殖激素在6月和9月较4月显著下降。有趣的是，与6月份不同，野生达斡尔地松鼠在9月份的卵巢中出现了许多正在生长的中腔卵泡。此外，分子研究显示，与6月份相比，9月份卵巢细胞凋亡相关基因（Casp3、Bax/Bcl-2）、自噬（Becn1、Pink1、Parkin、Sqstm1）和线粒体动力学（Mfn1、Mfn2、Drp1）的表达显著增加。此外，免疫组化结果显示上述基因和LC3A/B蛋白水平同时上调，且主要位于卵巢颗粒细胞。与此一致的是，对不同时期卵巢转录组学数据的比较分析进一步证实，在三个时期差异表达的基因在凋亡、自噬和线粒体动力学相关的途径中富集。综上所述，这些结果揭示了冬眠前野生地松鼠卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡、自噬和线粒体动力学的显著上调，可能在冬眠及其后续阶段卵巢发育中起关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of α-dicarbonyl compounds on cell viability in chicken myoblasts α-二羰基化合物对鸡成肌细胞活力的影响。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111937

Meiko Okino , Ryosuke Makino , Tetsuya Tachibana

Alpha-dicarbonyl compounds (α-DCs), such as glyoxal (GO) and methylglyoxal (MGO), are highly reactive compounds produced from glucose through various chemical reactions. Diabetic patients with chronic hyperglycemia exhibit higher blood concentrations of GO and MGO than healthy individuals. GO and MGO are cytotoxic to various mammalian cells and are associated with diabetic complications. Given that chickens are hyperglycemic animals, they would possess high levels of GO and MGO in their blood. However, the cytotoxic effects of GO and MGO have not been elucidated in chicken cells. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the effects of GO and MGO on the viability of chicken myoblasts. The two α-DCs decreased the level of intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced form), which is an indicator of cell viability, cell proliferation, and energy metabolism. However, neither of the two α-DCs induced apoptotic cell death, production of reactive oxygen species, or lipid peroxidation. In addition, GO and MGO did not induce mitochondrial dysfunction. The present study demonstrated that GO and MGO would have adverse effects on myogenesis in chickens.

α-二羰基化合物（α-DCs），如乙二醛（GO）和甲基乙二醛（MGO），是葡萄糖通过各种化学反应产生的高活性化合物。伴有慢性高血糖的糖尿病患者血液中GO和MGO的浓度高于健康人。氧化石墨烯和氧化石墨烯对多种哺乳动物细胞具有细胞毒性，并与糖尿病并发症有关。鉴于鸡是高血糖动物，它们的血液中会含有高水平的氧化石墨烯和氧化石墨烯。然而，氧化石墨烯和氧化石墨烯在鸡细胞中的细胞毒性作用尚未被阐明。本研究的目的是阐明氧化石墨烯和MGO对鸡成肌细胞活力的影响。两种α- dc降低了细胞内烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（还原形式）的水平，而烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸是细胞活力、细胞增殖和能量代谢的指标。然而，两种α- dc均未诱导凋亡细胞死亡、活性氧产生或脂质过氧化。此外，氧化石墨烯和MGO均未诱导线粒体功能障碍。本研究表明，氧化石墨烯和MGO对鸡的肌肉生成有不利影响。

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引用次数: 0

Time-course of mRNA abundance of appetite-regulatory genes in the brain of rainbow trout fed a plant-based diet from the first feeding 从第一次喂食植物性饮食开始，虹鳟鱼大脑中食欲调节基因mRNA丰度的时间历程。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111939

Cristina Fernández-Maestú , Maud Martinat , Jessica Calo , Cristina Velasco , José L. Soengas , Jérôme Roy , Ayelén M. Blanco

The early developmental stages of fish are critical for improving feeding strategies and growth performance. Understanding feeding-regulatory mechanisms from the earliest stages of development is crucial, especially in the context of aquaculture, where early nutrition has a significant impact on feeding behaviour, growth and survival. This is particularly relevant in carnivorous species, such as rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), where the complete replacement of fishmeal and fish oil with plant-based ingredients has negative effects on growth performance and early stage survival. This study investigates the time-course of mRNA abundance of genes encoding key appetite-regulatory neuropeptides and integrative signalling pathways from first feeding to 100 days post-feeding with either a commercial-like diet containing fishmeal and fish oil or a plant-based diet devoid of these marine-derived ingredients. Results showed that an initial diet based on plants does not notably affect the levels of mRNA for appetite-regulating neuropeptides in the brain of rainbow trout alevins. However, the plant-based diet induced slightly distinct patterns in gene mRNA abundance after the first meal, which may underpin reduced feed intake and growth performance. Some key appetite-regulatory neuropeptides, such as neuropeptide Y (npy) and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (cartpt), exhibited progressive higher levels in the brain over time, while agouti-related protein 1 (agrp1) and pro-opiomelanocortin a1 (pomca1) levels decreased following initial feeding. Moreover, the expression of key integrative signalling components, including AMP-activated kinase α2 (pkraa2), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mtor), cAMP response-element binding protein 1 (creb1), and forkhead box O1 (foxo1), increased throughout growth, but their abundance was modulated differently by the dietary treatments. This study underscores the importance of understanding neuroendocrine responses to dietary formulations for optimizing aquafeeds and enhancing sustainability in aquaculture.

鱼类的早期发育阶段对改善摄食策略和生长性能至关重要。从发育的最初阶段就了解摄食调节机制至关重要，特别是在水产养殖的背景下，早期营养对摄食行为、生长和生存有重大影响。这在虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）等肉食性物种中尤其重要，在这些物种中，用植物性成分完全替代鱼粉和鱼油对生长性能和早期生存有负面影响。本研究调查了编码关键食欲调节神经肽和综合信号通路的基因mRNA丰度的时间过程，从第一次喂食到喂食后100 天，喂食含有鱼粉和鱼油的商业化饮食或不含这些海洋来源成分的植物性饮食。结果表明，最初的植物性饮食对虹鳟鱼大脑中食欲调节神经肽mRNA的水平没有显著影响。然而，植物性日粮在首餐后诱导的基因mRNA丰度略有不同，这可能是采食量降低和生长性能下降的原因。一些关键的食欲调节神经肽，如神经肽Y （npy）和可卡因和安非他明调节转录物（cartpt），随着时间的推移在大脑中表现出逐渐升高的水平，而豚鼠相关蛋白1 （agrp1）和促鸦片黑素皮质素a1 （pomca1）水平在初始喂食后下降。此外，在整个生长过程中，cAMP活化激酶α2 （pkraa2）、雷帕霉素机制靶点（mtor）、cAMP反应元件结合蛋白1 （creb1）和叉头盒蛋白1 （foxo1）等关键综合信号成分的表达均有所增加，但其丰度受饮食处理的影响不同。本研究强调了了解饲粮配方对优化水产饲料和提高水产养殖可持续性的神经内分泌反应的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Reproductive gene expression in female broodstock European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis, under ambient and constant temperature and photoperiod regimes 常温、恒温及光周期条件下雌性欧洲平牡蛎生殖基因的表达。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111934

Mairi E. Cowan , Eduardo Jimenez-Fernandez , Aaliyah Malla , Adam D. Hughes

The European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) is a species of significant ecological, commercial and cultural importance. Interest in scaling up its production is growing rapidly, however, challenges in managing reproduction in culture remain. This study aimed to improve understanding of reproductive control in female broodstock by analysing the gene expression of the key endocrine factors APGWamide, GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone) and GPB5 in the visceral ganglion, as well as vitellogenin in the gonads. This was performed alongside histological classification of individuals by sex and reproductive stage. Oysters were subjected to three different conditioning regimes: a reference regime consisting of ambient temperature and a long-day photoperiod of 18-h light: 6-h dark (REF(Amb/18:6)), and separately, two constant temperature regimes of 14 °C, either under simulated natural photoperiod (14C/NP) or constant 24-h light (14C/LL). Histology revealed a female-to-male shift across regimes. Gametogenesis progressed under all conditions, but females under constant light (14C/LL) showed less uniform development. Apgwamide expression significantly increased as females developed across all regimes. Vitellogenin expression also significantly increased over time and with gametogenesis under the REF(Amb/18:6) and 14C/NP regimes. No clear patterns were observed for gnrh and gpb5 expression in this dataset, though their roles in reproduction cannot be excluded. Altogether, these findings support APGWamide and vitellogenin as key factors of interest in female reproduction, with light, as well as the known effects of temperature, influencing development. This research provides insights to support broodstock conditioning and European flat oyster production and restoration efforts.

欧洲平牡蛎（Ostrea edulis）是一种具有重要生态、商业和文化意义的物种。对扩大其生产的兴趣正在迅速增长，然而，在管理文化繁殖方面的挑战仍然存在。本研究旨在通过分析雌性亲鱼内脏神经节关键内分泌因子APGWamide、促性腺激素释放激素GnRH、GPB5以及性腺卵黄原蛋白的基因表达，提高对生殖控制的认识。这是在按性别和生殖阶段进行个体组织学分类的同时进行的。牡蛎受到三种不同的调节机制：一种是由环境温度和18 h光照：6 h黑暗（REF(Amb/18:6)）组成的参考机制，另一种是在模拟自然光周期（14C/NP）或恒定24小时光照（14C/LL）下的14 °C恒温机制。组织学显示，在不同的政体中，女性向男性转变。在所有条件下配子发生均有进展，但恒定光照（14C/LL）下雌性配子发育不均匀。Apgwamide的表达随着雌性发育而显著增加。在REF（Amb/18:6）和14C/NP机制下，卵黄原蛋白的表达也随着时间的推移和配子发生而显著增加。虽然不能排除gnrh和gpb5在生殖中的作用，但在该数据集中没有观察到gnrh和gpb5表达的明确模式。总之，这些发现支持APGWamide和卵黄原蛋白是女性生殖中感兴趣的关键因素，光以及已知的温度影响发育。这项研究为支持亲鱼调节和欧洲平生牡蛎的生产和恢复工作提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Seasonality effects on the inflammatory and antioxidant responses in the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) 季节性对黄颡鱼（Sparus aurata）炎症和抗氧化反应的影响

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111938

Vasiliki Makri , Konstantinos Feidantsis , Ioannis A. Giantsis , Ioannis Georgoulis , Cosmas Nathanailides , Basile Michaelidis

Mediterranean fish such as Sparus aurata are subjected to extremes of high and low temperature favored by climate change effects, resulting to increased oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. To explore these phenomena, tnf-a and nfkb gene expression, as well as TNF-α and IL-6 levels were evaluated regarding inflammation, while sod, cat and gr gene expression, as well as SOD, GR and catalase activity levels were measured to assess antioxidant response. Findings revealed distinct tissue specific responses, dividing acclimatization phase into distinct cold and warm patterns. In highly vascular tissues (heart and red muscle) increased inflammatory levels were observed at increasing sea water temperatures, highlighting seasonality's strong oxidative effect, which cannot be ameliorated by the increased antioxidant enzymatic response. However, the decreased expression of the antioxidant genes during this period probably highlights energy allocation for processes other than antioxidant defense. An opposite pattern was exhibited in the white muscle and the liver, following the temperature pattern, with lowering levels with decreasing temperatures, probably showing a metabolic depression during decreased temperatures, and an increasing trend (mostly regarding antioxidant defense) during warming. These adjustments enlighten the adaptive responses of fish which reflect fluctuations of seasonal temperature, and the underlying thermal tolerance mechanisms during exposure to seasonal environmental oxidative stress. Understanding these responses helps scientists learn how fish cope with climate-related stress, which is important for managing fish populations and supporting sustainable aquaculture in a warming world.

地中海鱼类，如Sparus aurata，受到气候变化影响的极端高温和低温的影响，导致氧化应激和炎症反应增加。为了探索这些现象，我们评估了TNF- a和nfkb基因表达以及TNF-α和IL-6水平与炎症的关系，同时测量了sod、cat和gr基因表达以及sod、gr和过氧化氢酶活性水平，以评估抗氧化反应。结果显示不同的组织特异性反应，将适应阶段分为不同的冷和暖模式。在高血管性组织（心脏和红肌）中，随着海水温度的升高，炎症水平增加，突出了季节性的强烈氧化作用，这种氧化作用不能通过增加抗氧化酶反应来改善。然而，在此期间，抗氧化基因表达的减少可能突出了能量分配过程，而不是抗氧化防御。白色肌肉和肝脏则表现出相反的模式，遵循温度模式，随着温度的降低，水平降低，可能在温度降低时表现出代谢抑制，而在升温时表现出增加趋势（主要涉及抗氧化防御）。这些变化揭示了鱼类对季节性温度波动的适应性反应，以及暴露于季节性环境氧化应激时潜在的热耐受机制。了解这些反应有助于科学家了解鱼类如何应对与气候有关的压力，这对于在变暖的世界中管理鱼类种群和支持可持续水产养殖非常重要。

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引用次数: 0

Bovine serum albumin and caffeine enhance activation of sperm from the American toad (Anaxyrus americanus) 牛血清白蛋白和咖啡因能增强美洲蟾蜍精子的活性。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111942

Renato E. Naranjo , Andy J. Kouba , Terri L. Roth , Carrie K. Kouba

The collection and cryopreservation of anuran spermic urine results in multiple osmolality shifts that inactivate and reactivate sperm motility prior to in-vitro fertilization. These shifts in osmolality reduce motility recovery and fertilization potential. Here, we analyzed the effects of metabolic supplements for reactivation of sperm motility and forward progression from the American toad (Anaxyrus americanus). Male toads (n = 30) were administrated hormones to stimulate spermiation and samples were mixed 1:1 with 2× simplified amphibian ringers solution for sperm inactivation. Inactivated sperm samples were randomly assigned to five treatment groups to be reactivated in distilled water alone (control) or supplemented with BSA (0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.4 %), caffeine (1, 10, 25 mM), sodium pyruvate (0.5, 1, 2 mM), sodium lactate (10, 20, 40 mM), or sodium bicarbonate (10, 20, 40 mM). Sperm samples were assessed for total motility (TM) and quality of forward progressive movement (QFPM) at 0, 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after reactivation. Results showed that sperm activated with BSA produced higher (P < 0.05) recovered motility than the control, regardless of BSA concentration. Moreover, the addition of caffeine (1 mM) resulted in higher (P < 0.05) sperm QFPM following reactivation compared to the control. In contrast, bicarbonate and lactate treatments resulted in lower recovery of TM and QFPM, while pyruvate had no effect (P ≥ 0.05). Our findings highlight the efficacy of BSA and caffeine on enhancing sperm motility and forward progression, respectively, following inactivation and reactivation of sperm undergoing short-term storage or cryopreservation procedures.

收集和低温保存无铀精子尿液导致多重渗透压变化，在体外受精之前使精子运动失活和重新激活。渗透压的这些变化降低了活力恢复和受精潜力。在这里，我们分析了代谢补充剂对美国蟾蜍（Anaxyrus americanus）精子活力和向前发展的再激活的影响。对雄性蟾蜍（n = 30）施用激素刺激精子，并将样品与2倍简化的两栖动物林格液1:1混合以灭精。失活精子样本被随机分为5个处理组，分别在蒸馏水中（对照）或添加牛血清白蛋白（0.1 %,0.2 %,0.4 %）、咖啡因（1,10,25 mM）、丙酮酸钠（0.5,1,2 mM）、乳酸钠（10,20,40 mM）或碳酸氢钠（10,20,40 mM）中重新激活。在重新激活后0、5、15、30、45、60、90和120 min，评估精子样本的总活力（TM）和向前渐进运动（QFPM）质量。结果表明，被牛血清白蛋白激活的精子产生了较高的P

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引用次数: 0