Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology最新文献_第4页

Tissue-specific markers of salinity-induced allostasis in the very euryhaline and widespread mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis 在非常普遍的咸化和广泛的贻贝紫贻贝中，盐度诱导的适应状态的组织特异性标记。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111954

Nicole Stakowian , Marta Cunha , Rosa Freitas , Carolina A. Freire

Environmental salinity is one of the main factors causing osmotic stress in coastal bivalves, influencing their physiological performance and distribution. The Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis is one of the most euryhaline marine invertebrates, tolerating large salinity fluctuations throughout its wide geographical distribution. This study investigated how different tissues respond to different salinities, identifying potential biochemical markers of tolerance and plasticity. Mussels were exposed for 14 and 28 days to the salinities 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40, and biomarkers related to metabolism, antioxidant and biotransformation systems, cellular damage, and neurotoxicity were analyzed in the digestive gland, gills, mantle, and muscle. The digestive gland showed significant modulation of succinate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase and carboxylesterases activities, glycogen content, and antioxidant capacity, demonstrating its metabolic and antioxidant role. The gills showed changes in glutathione S-transferases, acetylcholinesterase, and lipid peroxidation levels, particularly under hyposaline (20) and hypersaline (40) conditions. Mantle and muscle showed lower responsiveness to the tested salinities. Biochemical responses at salinities between 25 and 35 indicated the activation of allostatic mechanisms assuring survival and damage prevention. The results corroborate the concept of salinity-induced allostasis as a mechanism of resistance in osmoconforming euryhaline bivalves. Furthermore, they highlight the importance of functional compartmentalization among tissues in responding to osmotic challenges. The results also support the use of organ-level biomarkers to assess physiological resistance to salinity gradients in coastal environments.

环境盐度是造成滨海双壳类渗透胁迫的主要因素之一，影响其生理性能和分布。地中海贻贝（Mytilus galloprovincialis）是最耐盐的海洋无脊椎动物之一，在其广泛的地理分布中可以忍受大的盐度波动。本研究研究了不同组织对不同盐度的反应，确定了潜在的耐受性和可塑性生化标志物。将贻贝暴露在20、25、30、35和40的盐度下14和28 天，分析消化腺、鳃、套膜和肌肉中与代谢、抗氧化和生物转化系统、细胞损伤和神经毒性相关的生物标志物。消化腺对琥珀酸脱氢酶、糖原、超氧化物歧化酶、抗氧化能力和羧酸酯酶活性有显著的调节作用，表明其具有代谢和抗氧化作用。鳃显示谷胱甘肽s -转移酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶和脂质过氧化水平的变化，特别是在低盐（20）和高盐（40）条件下。地幔和肌肉对测试盐度的反应较低。盐度在25 - 35之间的生化反应表明，适应机制的激活确保了生存和损伤预防。研究结果证实了盐度诱导的异源性是渗透适应型双壳类生物的一种抗性机制。此外，他们强调了组织间功能区隔化在应对渗透挑战中的重要性。研究结果还支持使用器官水平的生物标志物来评估沿海环境中对盐度梯度的生理抗性。

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引用次数: 0

Key indicators of metabolic activity in the long-tailed ground squirrels, (Urocitellus undulatus) in different functional states 不同功能状态下长尾地松鼠代谢活性的关键指标。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111953

Polina O. Teplova , Ekaterina V. Kuznetsova , Aleksandra V. Gorbunova , Liubov N. Markevich , Nadezhda M. Zakharova

The aim of this study is to examine the seasonal strategies employed by obligate hibernators, such as long-tailed ground squirrels (Urocitellus undulatus), for metabolic maintenance at various levels of organization. To this end, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation encompassing respirometry, histological and biochemical analysis of the thyroid gland, examination of neutral and phospholipid content in brown adipose tissue, and biochemical assessment of the blood lipid profile. Our results revealed pronounced variations in metabolic parameters on a seasonal basis. In the fall (pre-hibernation), U. undulatus exhibited an increase in respiratory metabolism ranging from 1.4 to 1.7 times compared to the summer control group. It is accompanied with an augmentation in the functional activity of the thyroid gland, an increase in all fractions of phospholipids in brown adipose tissue, and an elevation in the level of lipase in the blood. Concurrently, there is a decline in di- and triglyceride levels in brown fat. In a state of torpor, there was an observed increase in the growth of certain indicators (lipids, thyroid hormones, etc.), a particularly significant rise is observed for β-hydroxybutyrate. In the interbout euthermia, a recovery of nearly all indicators to summer-fall values was observed. These findings hold potential relevance for a better understanding of metabolic disorders and adaptations to extreme conditions.

本研究的目的是研究专性冬眠动物，如长尾地松鼠（Urocitellus undulatus）在不同组织水平上的代谢维持所采用的季节性策略。为此，我们进行了全面的评估，包括呼吸测量，甲状腺的组织学和生化分析，棕色脂肪组织中中性和磷脂含量的检查，以及血脂谱的生化评估。我们的结果揭示了代谢参数在季节基础上的显著变化。在秋季（冬眠前），与夏季对照组相比，波状乌螺旋体的呼吸代谢增加了1.4至1.7倍。它伴随着甲状腺功能活动的增强，棕色脂肪组织中所有部分磷脂的增加，以及血液中脂肪酶水平的升高。同时，褐色脂肪中的二甘油三酯和甘油三酯水平也有所下降。在昏睡状态下，观察到某些指标（血脂、甲状腺激素等）的增长有所增加，其中β-羟基丁酸盐的增长尤为显著。在间歇热疗中，观察到几乎所有指标恢复到夏秋值。这些发现对于更好地理解代谢紊乱和对极端条件的适应具有潜在的相关性。

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引用次数: 0

Gastrointestinal effects of crustacean shell by-products in diets for farmed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) 养殖大西洋鳕鱼（Gadus morhua）日粮中甲壳类副产品对胃肠的影响。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111951

Martina Quagliardi , Trond M. Kortner , André S. Bogevik , Elvis Chikwati , Kathrine Ryvold Bakkemo , Elin Christine Valen , Ellen Elisabeth K. Hage , Guro Løkka

By-products from crustaceans destined for human consumption are often discarded but may serve as sustainable aqua-feed ingredients. This study assessed short-term physiological responses in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) when 15 % sunflower meal in commercial diets was replaced with 15 % brown crab (Cancer pagurus) or 10 % shrimp (Pandalus borealis) shell meals. In a 27-day trial, cod (∼300 g) in triplicate 500 l tanks (n = 29–36) were fed isoenergetic diets. Growth, feed intake, distal intestinal (DI) dry matter, amino acid digestibility, and mineral content were measured, alongside gastrointestinal macro- and microanatomy, digestive enzymes, bile salts, and gut gene expression.

Diet had no significant effect on feed intake or growth. Crab shell meal (CSM) increased DI calcium (13 % vs. 3 %), dry matter (24 % vs. 15–19 %), and amino acid digestibility (91 % vs. 89 %), while reducing dry matter digestibility (57 % vs. 66–68 %) and trypsin activity. In the pyloric caeca (PC), CSM-fed fish had the highest bile salt level and maltase capacity. Sunflower meal increased DI lamina propria cellularity, DI iron and copper, while shrimp shell meal increased DI phosphorus (2.4 % vs. 1.3 %). Bile salts, trypsin, maltase, and LAP activity peaked in the PC and decreased distally. Relative intestinal length correlated with fish weight (r = 0.53, P < 0.001). Pancreatic digestive enzyme genes and osmoregulatory genes (atp1a1, aqp8) peaked in PC, whereas slc26a6 expression was negligible throughout.

Crustacean shell meals are promising as sustainable feed ingredients for Atlantic cod, and the study offers novel insights into gut structure and function with implications for intestinal health in farmed cod.

用于人类消费的甲壳类动物的副产品通常被丢弃，但可以作为可持续的水产饲料成分。本研究评估了当商业饲料中15% %的葵花籽粕被15% %的棕蟹（Cancer pagurus）或10% %的虾（Pandalus borealis）壳粕取代时，大西洋鳕鱼（Gadus morhua）的短期生理反应。在27天的试验中，投喂3个重复500个 L （n = 29-36）的cod（~300 g）等能饲料。测量生长、采食量、远端肠（DI）干物质、氨基酸消化率和矿物质含量，以及胃肠道宏观和微观解剖、消化酶、胆汁盐和肠道基因表达。日粮对采食量和生长均无显著影响。蟹壳粉（CSM）提高了DI钙（13 % vs. 3 %）、干物质（24 % vs. 15-19 %）和氨基酸消化率（91 % vs. 89 %），同时降低了干物质消化率（57 % vs. 66-68 %）和胰蛋白酶活性。在幽门盲肠（PC）中，csm饲料鱼的胆汁盐和麦芽糖酶活性最高。葵花籽粕增加了DI磷（2.4 % vs. 1.3 %）和固有层细胞的数量。胆盐沿中肠下降，胰蛋白酶、麦芽糖酶和LAP活性在中肠达到峰值，远端下降。相对肠长与鱼体重相关(r = 0.72，P

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引用次数: 0

Arctic seabirds exposed to acute stress display state- and environment-dependent patterns of surface temperature change, independent of mercury contamination 北极海鸟暴露于急性应激显示状态和环境依赖模式的表面温度变化，独立于汞污染。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111948

Melissa L. Grunst , Andrea S. Grunst , David Grémillet , Manon Amiguet , Julie Charrier , Marta Cruz-Flores , Thomas Lacoue-Labarthe , Jérôme Fort

Animals mount a suite of physiological reactions when confronted with acute stressors, including changes in body temperature (T_b). Such thermal stress responses (TSRs) are important to survival, but may also generate heat stress, making regulation critical. Poor body condition and exposure to chemical contaminants, such as mercury (Hg), a neurotoxin and endocrine disruptor, may have physiological effects that disrupt modulation of TSRs. Implications of such effects could be magnified by climate change. We used infrared thermography (IRT) imagery to measure stress-induced changes in body surface temperature (maximum temperature of the eye region; T_EYE) of an Arctic seabird, the little auk (Alle alle). We evaluated how changes were correlated with Hg contamination, body condition, blood chemistry parameters and ambient temperature (T_a). As Arctic animals, little auks are cold-adapted and face warming rates nearly four times the global average, making them vulnerable to heat stress. Little auks displayed a robust TSR with T_EYE at sample point 1–3 (mean ± SD) of 28.9 ± 6.86 °C, 33.7 ± 5.48 °C, and 35.4 ± 5.76 °C, respectively. Mercury load was unrelated to changes in T_EYE. However, T_EYE was elevated at higher T_a (β ± SE =3.214 ± 0.733) across sampling time points, suggesting upregulation of heat dissipation. Furthermore, little auks in poor condition displayed lower magnitude changes in T_EYE (β ± SE = 0.688 ± 0.232), and several blood chemistry parameters were correlated to changes in T_EYE. Results suggest that thermoregulatory dynamics in the face of acute stress depend on environmental and physiological state.

动物在面对急性应激源时，会产生一系列生理反应，包括体温的变化（Tb）。这种热应激反应（tsr）对生存很重要，但也可能产生热应激，因此调节至关重要。身体状况不佳和接触化学污染物，如汞（一种神经毒素和内分泌干扰物），可能会产生生理影响，破坏tsr的调节。这种影响的影响可能会被气候变化放大。我们使用红外热像仪（IRT）图像来测量北极海鸟小海雀（Alle Alle）的体表温度（眼睛区域的最高温度；TEYE）的应力引起的变化。我们评估了这些变化与汞污染、身体状况、血液化学参数和环境温度（Ta）的关系。作为北极动物，小海雀适应寒冷，面临的变暖速度几乎是全球平均水平的四倍，这使它们容易受到热应激的影响。小雀显示一个健壮的TSR TEYE在采样点1 - 3(平均 ± SD) 28.9 ±6.86  °C, 33.7±5.48  °C,和35.4 ±5.76  °C,分别。汞负荷与TEYE的变化无关。然而，在较高的Ta值下，TEYE升高（β ± SE =3.214 ± 0.733），表明热耗散上调。此外，条件较差的小海雀TEYE变化幅度较小（β ± SE = 0.688 ± 0.232），且多个血液化学参数与TEYE变化相关。结果表明，急性应激时的体温调节动力学取决于环境和生理状态。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of chronic salinity stress on growth performance, physiological response and intestinal microbiota of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) 慢性盐度胁迫对大口黑鲈生长性能、生理反应和肠道菌群的影响

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111945

Yang Liu , Jing Tian , Shengjie Li , Tao Zhu , Jinxing Du , Caixia Lei , Linqiang Han , Hongmei Song

To address the critical shortage of freshwater in global fisheries, the cultivation of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) using geographically widespread saline-alkaline water is a viable resource alternative. In the present study, we systematically investigated the effects of chronic salinity stress (180 days, 9 ppt) on the growth performance, osmoregulation, antioxidant capacity, digestion capacity, and intestinal microbiota of largemouth bass. The results showed that the growth performance (CF, ADG, and SGR) of largemouth bass in the saltwater group decreased significantly compared with the freshwater group after 180 days of culture. The osmoregulation capacity (serum osmolality, serum cortisol, NKA, and CMA) and antioxidant capacity (SOD, CAT, MDA, ACP, AKP, and GSH-Px) in the saltwater group were significantly higher than those in the freshwater group at 60d, 120d, and 180d (P < 0.05). Histological analysis showed that chlorine cells and macrophages proliferated in the gill and liver of the saltwater group. Additionally, trypsin and pancreatic lipase levels in the saltwater group peaked on 180 days, but remained significantly lower than those in the freshwater group (P < 0.05). According to intestinal microbiota analysis, the relative abundance of Bacillus and Cetobacterium in the saltwater group was significantly higher than that in the freshwater group (P < 0.05). The above results indicated that largemouth bass showed excellent stress resistance in the face of chronic salinity stress, which could be used as a saline-alkali culture species. The work provides new insights for the study of salt tolerance in freshwater fish and promotes the utilization of saline-alkali water.

为了解决全球渔业中严重的淡水短缺问题，利用地理上广泛分布的盐碱水养殖大口黑鲈（Micropterus salmoides）是一个可行的资源替代方案。本研究系统研究了慢性盐度胁迫（180 d, 9 ppt）对大口黑鲈生长性能、渗透调节、抗氧化能力、消化能力和肠道菌群的影响。结果表明：培养180 d后，咸水组大口黑鲈的生长性能（CF、ADG和SGR）显著低于淡水组；60d、120d和180d时，盐水组的渗透调节能力（血清渗透压、血清皮质醇、NKA和CMA）和抗氧化能力（SOD、CAT、MDA、ACP、AKP和GSH-Px）显著高于淡水组（P < 0.05）

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引用次数: 0

Seasonal adjustments of basal metabolism and substrate metabolism in an Asian passerine bird, the red-billed leiothrix 一种亚洲雀形目鸟类的基础代谢和底物代谢的季节调整。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111950

Xing-Rong He , Xiao-Lin Zhu , Zi-Qing Gao , Qi Zheng , Shou-Hui Wang , Zhe Wang , Ming Li , Jin-Song Liu

Phenotypic flexibility enables organisms like birds to adapt to environmental changes, particularly through physiological adjustments such as basal metabolism in response to temperature fluctuations. We have previously reported that red-billed leiothrix (Leiothrix lutea) increases basal metabolism when acclimated to cold temperatures in the lab. This study investigated whether similar physiological changes also occur in response to seasonal variations in the wild. Red-billed leiothrixes were captured in different seasons in Wenzhou and subjected to experiments that measured body mass, metabolic parameters such as basal metabolic rate (BMR), cytochrome c oxidase (COX), substrates of metabolism such as serum glucose, hepatic glycogen, and muscle glycogen, triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), enzymes such as carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 (CPT-1), β-hydroxyacyl Co-A dehydrogenase (HOAD), and citrate synthase (CS), and thyroid hormones (T₄, thyroxine, and T₃, triiodothyronine). In winter, the birds showed significant increases in body mass, BMR, and COX activity in the liver and kidney compared to summer. Additionally, serum TG, concentration of CPT-1 and HOAD in the liver, serum glucose, and muscle glycogen were also elevated. These results were consistent with enhanced metabolism and higher consumption of lipids by red-billed leiothrixes during winter compared with other seasons. Therefore, red-billed leiothrixes show the same pattern of phenotypic flexibility as thermally acclimated birds in the lab. This study provides valuable data for understanding basal metabolism in small birds in response to seasonal changes.

表型灵活性使鸟类等生物能够适应环境变化，特别是通过生理调节，如基础代谢，以响应温度波动。我们以前曾报道过，当适应实验室的低温时，红嘴leiothrix （leiothrix lutea）会增加基础代谢。这项研究调查了在野外是否也会发生类似的生理变化，以应对季节变化。选取温州市不同季节捕获的红嘴长毛象，测定其体重、基础代谢率（BMR）、细胞色素c氧化酶（COX）等代谢参数、血清葡萄糖、肝糖原、肌糖原等代谢底物、甘油三酯（TG）、游离脂肪酸（FFA）、肉毒碱棕榈酰转移酶-1 （CPT-1）、β-羟酰基Co-A脱氢酶（HOAD）、柠檬酸合成酶（CS）等酶以及甲状腺激素(T4、甲状腺素和T3（三碘甲状腺原氨酸）。在冬季，与夏季相比，这些鸟类的体重、BMR和肝脏和肾脏的COX活性都有显著增加。此外，血清TG、肝脏CPT-1和HOAD浓度、血清葡萄糖和肌糖原也升高。与其他季节相比，这些结果与冬季红嘴莺代谢增强和脂质消耗增加相一致。因此，在实验室中，红嘴拟鸫表现出与热适应鸟类相同的表型灵活性模式。该研究为了解小鸟对季节变化的基础代谢提供了有价值的数据。

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引用次数: 0

Hyperoxia acclimation and the aerobic response in red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) 红鼓鱼的高氧驯化和有氧反应。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111949

Benjamin Negrete Jr , Kerri Lynn Ackerly , Madison R. Schumm , Andrew J. Esbaugh

Hyperoxia is supersaturation of oxygen beyond 100 % air saturation (∼21 kPa) in aquatic environments. Hyperoxia promotes an oxygen diffusion gradient that greatly increases arterial and venous oxygen in the circulatory system of fish. Under these conditions fish can potentially upregulate mechanisms that benefit from supersaturation by increasing oxygen use and delivery. To test this, we acclimated the estuarine red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) to three weeks of normoxic control (100 % air saturation, ∼20.7 kPa) or hyperoxic treatment (150 % air saturation, ∼32.5 kPa). We measured whole-animal metabolic rate in a cross design to assess aerobic scope and observed oxygen supply capacity, α_o. Following recovery, fish were sampled for magnitude of the Root effect and mitochondrial respiration of cardiac tissue. Red drum acclimated to hyperoxia showed lower mean cell hemoglobin content, decreased methemoglobin, and a modest decrease in red blood cell pH. The Root effect, the pH sensitivity that limits carrying capacity, was measured to ascertain differences in O₂ delivery in the heart; however, we found no differences due to acclimation. Cardiac mitochondria respiration showed no difference between acclimations. Acclimation did not impact whole-animal metabolic rate. However, fish from both acclimations increased maximum metabolic rate when exhaustively exercised in hyperoxia, which subsequently increased aerobic scope. Measures of α calculated at maximum metabolic rate and at the critical oxygen tension (P_crit) showed that α was lower when calculated in hyperoxia than normoxia or at P_crit. These data suggest that fish can benefit from hyperoxia in acute exposures, with subtle adjustments made in chronic hyperoxia.

高氧是指水环境中氧气饱和度超过100 %空气饱和度（~21 kPa）。高氧促进了氧气扩散梯度，大大增加了鱼类循环系统中的动脉和静脉氧气。在这些条件下，鱼类可以通过增加氧气的使用和输送，潜在地上调从过饱和中受益的机制。为了验证这一点，我们将河口红桶（Sciaenops ocellatus）驯化为三周的常氧控制（100 %空气饱和度，~20.7 kPa）或高氧处理（150 %空气饱和度，~32.5 kPa）。我们采用交叉设计测量全动物代谢率，以评估有氧范围和观察供氧能力αo。恢复后，对鱼进行取样，观察根效应的大小和心脏组织的线粒体呼吸作用。适应高氧的红鼓表现出较低的平均细胞血红蛋白含量，降低的高铁血红蛋白，和适度的红细胞pH降低。根效应，pH敏感性限制承载能力，测量以确定在心脏中O2输送的差异；然而，由于驯化，我们没有发现差异。心肌线粒体呼吸在不同驯化条件下无显著差异。驯化不影响全动物代谢率。然而，经过两种驯化的鱼在高氧环境下筋疲力尽地运动时，最大代谢率都增加了，这随后增加了有氧范围。在最大代谢率和临界氧张力（Pcrit）下计算的α值表明，高氧状态下计算的α值低于常氧状态和Pcrit状态。这些数据表明，鱼类可以从急性高氧暴露中受益，在慢性高氧中进行细微的调整。

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引用次数: 0

Vitellogenin and its receptor characterize exogenous vitellogenesis mode in the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei 卵黄原蛋白及其受体表征了凡纳滨对虾外源卵黄形成模式。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111947

Ying Lu , Shuai Zhou , Jiawang Cao , Juan Sui , Xue Chen , Kai Liu , Zhaoxin Wang , Zhifeng Zhang , Zhenkui Qin , Jie Kong

Vitellogenesis is a pivotal process of animal reproduction, characterized by yolk protein formation and accumulation in developing oocytes. Vitellogenin (Vg), the precursor of vitellin (Vn), serves as the primary yolk component. While animals employ both exogenous and endogenous vitellogenesis, the precise synthetic locus of Vg in the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, the globally most important cultured shrimp, remains unclear. To characterize vitellogenesis and its regulatory mode, the present study examined ovarian morphology, gonadosomatic index (GSI) dynamics, hepatopancreatic and ovarian histology, as well as spatiotemporal expression and cellular localization of Vg and its receptor vitellogenin receptor (VgR), during gonadal development process. We discovered that L. vannamei ovarian cycle was categorized into five stages, marked by ovarian color transition from khaki to dark green and progressive GSI increase. In situ hybridization revealed Vg mRNA in hepatopancreatic Blasenzellen and Restzellen cells and ovarian follicular cells, but not in oocytes. Immunofluorescence showed Vg protein primarily in hepatopancreatic cells and oocytes, while VgR localized to the membrane of vitellogenic oocytes, forming complexes with exogenous Vg cytoplasmic internalization. Collectively, this study established a standardized ovarian staging system for L. vannamei, demonstrated an exogenous vitellogenesis mode, with hepatopancreas and ovarian follicle cells as the primary Vg synthesis sites, and elucidated the cooperative role of Vg and VgR in yolk protein uptake and deposition. These findings advance our understanding of crustacean reproductive biology and provide a theoretical foundation for optimizing shrimp fecundity and aquaculture practices.

卵黄发生是动物生殖的关键过程，其特征是卵黄蛋白在发育中的形成和积累。卵黄原蛋白（Vg）是卵黄蛋白（Vn）的前体，是蛋黄的主要成分。虽然动物有外源性和内源性卵黄发生，但全球最重要的养殖对虾——凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）中Vg的精确合成位点仍不清楚。为了研究卵黄形成及其调控模式，本研究检测了性腺发育过程中卵巢形态学、促性腺指数（GSI）动态、肝胰腺和卵巢组织学，以及Vg及其受体卵黄原蛋白受体（VgR）的时空表达和细胞定位。我们发现凡纳梅卵巢周期分为5个阶段，卵巢颜色由卡其色过渡到墨绿色，GSI逐渐升高。原位杂交在肝胰腺Blasenzellen、Restzellen细胞和卵巢滤泡细胞中发现Vg mRNA，但在卵母细胞中未发现。免疫荧光显示Vg蛋白主要存在于肝胰腺细胞和卵母细胞中，而VgR则定位于卵黄源性卵母细胞的膜上，与外源性Vg细胞质内化形成复合物。综上所述，本研究建立了vannamei卵巢标准化分期体系，证实了以肝胰腺和卵巢卵泡细胞为主要Vg合成位点的外源性卵黄形成模式，阐明了Vg和VgR在卵黄蛋白摄取和沉积中的协同作用。这些发现促进了我们对甲壳类动物生殖生物学的认识，并为优化对虾繁殖力和养殖实践提供了理论基础。

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引用次数: 0

Microplastic impacts physiological mechanisms of marine, diadromous, and freshwater crustaceans 微塑料影响海洋、二甲和淡水甲壳类动物的生理机制。

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111946

Héllen Siqueira Leite , Juliana Rodrigues da Costa , Barbara Bernardes Calbo , Mariana Capparelli , Claudia Neves , Giovanna Teixeira Gimiliani , Alessandra Augusto

The effects of microplastic on species inhabiting different saline gradients remain unclear, particularly the impact of glitter particles. We investigated the effects of glitter on the physiological mechanisms of species from various saline environments using the following models: a marine/estuarine shrimp (Penaeus vannamei), a diadromous shrimp (Macrobrachium amazonicum), and an exclusively freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium potiuna). The animals were exposed to varying glitter concentrations (0, 0.4, 4 and 40 mg.L⁻¹) for 10 days, and to the salinities where they are found in nature. In addition, we evaluated the ability of one of the species (P. vannamei) to recover its physiology and morphology when transferred to glitter-free water after previous exposure to the pollutant for six days. We examined multiple mechanisms, including oxygen consumption, nitrogen excretion, hepatosomatic index, energy substrate oxidation, and osmoregulation. P. vannamei showed 13 % mortality at salinity 30. Physiological parameters exhibited specific variations in response to salinity and/or glitter concentration. Glitter exposure affected oxygen consumption in all three species, but with contrasting responses: P. vannamei exhibited increases up to ∼200 % (depending on salinity), likely due to elevated energy demands, while M. amazonicum and M. potiuna showed reductions up to 70 %, potentially indicating gill damage. In M. amazonicum, glitter exposure enhanced the species' hyperosmotic regulatory capacity. Penaeus vannamei could not recover its hepatosomatic index and gill and intestinal morphologies after being transferred to glitter-free water. We conclude that glitter significantly alters physiological functions related to energy metabolism and osmoregulation. However, since these responses are salinity-dependent, the ability to migrate across different salinity gradients may provide an adaptive advantage for species exhibiting such behavior. The results obtained provide significant insights into the response of shrimps from different saline gradients to microplastics, which is still a major gap in our knowledge.

微塑料对生活在不同盐度梯度的物种的影响尚不清楚，特别是闪光颗粒的影响。本研究采用海洋/河口对虾（Penaeus vannamei）、雌雄对虾（Macrobrachium amazonicum）和纯淡水对虾（Macrobrachium potiuna）模型，研究了闪光对不同咸水环境下物种生理机制的影响。这些动物暴露在不同浓度的闪光剂中（0、0.4、4和40 毫克）。L-1)持续10 天，直到它们在自然界中被发现的盐度。此外，我们评估了其中一个物种（P. vannamei）在暴露于污染物6天后转移到无闪光的水中恢复其生理和形态的能力。我们研究了多种机制，包括氧气消耗、氮排泄、肝体指数、能量底物氧化和渗透调节。在盐度为30时，凡纳梅的死亡率为13 %。生理参数对盐度和/或闪光浓度的反应表现出特定的变化。闪光暴露影响了所有三种物种的氧气消耗，但有不同的反应：P. vanannamei表现出高达200 %（取决于盐度）的增加，可能是由于能量需求的增加，而M. amazonicum和M. potiuna表现出高达70% %的减少，可能表明鳃损伤。在亚马逊木中，闪光暴露增强了物种的高渗调节能力。凡纳滨对虾转移到无闪光水后，其肝体指数、鳃和肠道形态均不能恢复。我们得出结论，闪光显著改变了与能量代谢和渗透调节相关的生理功能。然而，由于这些反应依赖于盐度，跨不同盐度梯度迁移的能力可能为表现出这种行为的物种提供了适应优势。所获得的结果为不同盐梯度的虾对微塑料的反应提供了重要的见解，这仍然是我们知识中的一个主要空白。

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引用次数: 0

Body mass shapes mitochondrial NADH and NADPH sources in mammalian skeletal muscle 体重影响哺乳动物骨骼肌线粒体NADH和NADPH来源

IF 2.2 3区生物学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111944

Mélanie Boël , Yann Voituron , Damien Roussel

Here, we investigate whether the elevated mitochondrial H₂O₂ release in small mammals arises from a tradeoff between NAD-dependent enzymes, which synthesizes NADH to support high oxidative phosphorylation, and NADP-dependent enzymes, which generates NADPH to detoxify H₂O₂ within the matrix. We measured the activities of NAD- and NADP-dependent enzymes in skeletal muscle mitochondria from mammal species ranging from 4 g to 600 kg. The activities of the two most active NADPH-producing enzymes increased, whereas NAD-dependent enzyme activities declined with body mass. Therefore, small mammals prioritize NADH synthesis at the expense of NADPH, increasing the oxidative cost of mitochondrial metabolism.

在这里，我们研究了小型哺乳动物线粒体H2O2释放的升高是否源于nadp依赖性酶（合成NADH以支持高氧化磷酸化）和nadp依赖性酶（生成NADPH以解毒基质内的H2O2）之间的权衡。我们测量了从4 g到600 kg的哺乳动物骨骼肌线粒体中NAD和nadp依赖酶的活性。两种最活跃的nadph产生酶的活性随着体重的增加而增加，而nadh依赖酶的活性则随着体重的增加而下降。因此，小型哺乳动物以NADPH为代价优先合成NADH，增加了线粒体代谢的氧化成本。

引用次数: 0