Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2023/018/259
Laura Kavelidze, B. Kalandadze
The subject of research is the chemical analysis of heavy metals and assessment of their impact on soil and water, which is caused by solid waste. The closed landfill of Gurjaani in Eastern Georgia, was selected for the study, where various wastes are accumulated, including agricultural pesticides, herbicides and other wastes and their containers. In order to identify the contaminated areas in the field, soil samples were taken. The samples were processed accordingly in the research laboratory and various elements (pH, Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd) and organic substances were determined in them. As a result of the laboratory research, the facts of metal concentration were clearly identified. Zinc turned out to be especially dominant. It is a fact that the waste of various composition unsystematically located at the landfill is the cause of these metals entering the environment. However, the type and quality of pollution depend on several factors: the amount of waste, morphological composition, climatic conditions, physical-chemical properties of the soil, etc. It was determined that Soil type, in this case brown soils, site reaction and climate contribute to the accumulation and subsequent solubility of heavy metals. Through surface and ground water, even remote areas are put at ecological risk.
{"title":"SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF HEAVY METALS IN SOILS AND WATERS AS EXEMPLIFIED BY KAKHETI REGION (EASTERN GEORGIA)","authors":"Laura Kavelidze, B. Kalandadze","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2023/018/259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2023/018/259","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of research is the chemical analysis of heavy metals and assessment of their impact on soil and water, which is caused by solid waste. The closed landfill of Gurjaani in Eastern Georgia, was selected for the study, where various wastes are accumulated, including agricultural pesticides, herbicides and other wastes and their containers. In order to identify the contaminated areas in the field, soil samples were taken. The samples were processed accordingly in the research laboratory and various elements (pH, Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd) and organic substances were determined in them. As a result of the laboratory research, the facts of metal concentration were clearly identified. Zinc turned out to be especially dominant. It is a fact that the waste of various composition unsystematically located at the landfill is the cause of these metals entering the environment. However, the type and quality of pollution depend on several factors: the amount of waste, morphological composition, climatic conditions, physical-chemical properties of the soil, etc. It was determined that Soil type, in this case brown soils, site reaction and climate contribute to the accumulation and subsequent solubility of heavy metals. Through surface and ground water, even remote areas are put at ecological risk.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45898544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2023/018/261
Maja Novković, Dušanka Cvijanović, Minučer Mesaroš, D. Pavić, N. Drešković, Đurađ Milošević, Ana A. Anđelković, Bojan Damnjanović, S. Radulović
UAV technologies provide a time- and cost-efficient framework for a variety of environmental monitoring domains. It also increases data resolution and provides new insights into observed objects and phenomena, especially within the difficult-to-access and complex for monitoring aquatic habitats. The objective of this study was to develop UAV-based acquisition and GIS-based image processing guidelines for aquatic macrophyte detection and monitoring in large temperate rivers. According to the European standard CEN EN -14184:2014, the assessment of aquatic macrophytes should be performed using the transect approach. Large rivers, such as the Danube, represent an exception and should be evaluated using 1km transects. Therefore, seven transects of the Middle Danube in Serbia were simultaneously surveyed using traditional field methods and novel UAV technology. UAV images were acquired using RGB and multispectral cameras carried by a fixed-wing drone. The images were processed and orthomosaics were classified using Object Based Image Analysis (OBIA), to create digital GIS maps of the river transects. During the traditional monitoring approach, the relative abundance of 22 macrophyte species was recorded along the transects. Using the UAV technology and OBIA approach eight macrophyte classes were distinguished based on dominant macrophyte taxa or plant life form traits. Aquatic macrophytes were 'almost perfectly' distinguished from the orthomosaics, achieving a high classification accuracy of 96 % / 88 % / 0.84 for RGB and 94 % / 97 % / 0.95 Producers /Users accuracy/Kappa index for the multispectral approach. Individual macrophyte classes accuracy varied between 0.5 and 1 Kappa and were generally higher for the multispectral imagery approach. Although the resolution of the taxonomic data is lower, UAV monitoring provided the necessary spatial context of macrophytes distribution and absolute area occupied by macrophytes. It also provided information on the diversity and distribution of habitats along the river. Therefore, the UAV-assisted monitoring approach described in this study can be effectively integrated into macrophyte monitoring during large river expeditions such as the JDS.
{"title":"TOWARDS UAV ASSISTED MONITORING OF AQUATIC VEGETATION WITHIN LARGE RIVERS – THE MIDDLE DANUBE (SERBIA)","authors":"Maja Novković, Dušanka Cvijanović, Minučer Mesaroš, D. Pavić, N. Drešković, Đurađ Milošević, Ana A. Anđelković, Bojan Damnjanović, S. Radulović","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2023/018/261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2023/018/261","url":null,"abstract":"UAV technologies provide a time- and cost-efficient framework for a variety of environmental monitoring domains. It also increases data resolution and provides new insights into observed objects and phenomena, especially within the difficult-to-access and complex for monitoring aquatic habitats. The objective of this study was to develop UAV-based acquisition and GIS-based image processing guidelines for aquatic macrophyte detection and monitoring in large temperate rivers. According to the European standard CEN EN -14184:2014, the assessment of aquatic macrophytes should be performed using the transect approach. Large rivers, such as the Danube, represent an exception and should be evaluated using 1km transects. Therefore, seven transects of the Middle Danube in Serbia were simultaneously surveyed using traditional field methods and novel UAV technology. UAV images were acquired using RGB and multispectral cameras carried by a fixed-wing drone. The images were processed and orthomosaics were classified using Object Based Image Analysis (OBIA), to create digital GIS maps of the river transects. During the traditional monitoring approach, the relative abundance of 22 macrophyte species was recorded along the transects. Using the UAV technology and OBIA approach eight macrophyte classes were distinguished based on dominant macrophyte taxa or plant life form traits. Aquatic macrophytes were 'almost perfectly' distinguished from the orthomosaics, achieving a high classification accuracy of 96 % / 88 % / 0.84 for RGB and 94 % / 97 % / 0.95 Producers /Users accuracy/Kappa index for the multispectral approach. Individual macrophyte classes accuracy varied between 0.5 and 1 Kappa and were generally higher for the multispectral imagery approach. Although the resolution of the taxonomic data is lower, UAV monitoring provided the necessary spatial context of macrophytes distribution and absolute area occupied by macrophytes. It also provided information on the diversity and distribution of habitats along the river. Therefore, the UAV-assisted monitoring approach described in this study can be effectively integrated into macrophyte monitoring during large river expeditions such as the JDS.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69334646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2023/018/262
Rym Mhamdi, T. Hermassi, Fathia Jarray, Mohamed Ali Ben Abdallah, M. Mechergui, E. Bilal
Aquifer maps are key tools for water resources management, and allow to characterize a water table distribution and variability. The Grombalia plain in the northeast part of Tunisia was studied to identify the origin of groundwater recharge and to specify the type of recharge in the whole study area. It aims to investigate the impact of recharge schemes on the piezometric evolution of the water table. Furthermore, the purpose is to investigate the origin and dominant factor of the recharge. The methodology of this work includes two methods of analysis of the dynamics of the piezometric heads of this aquifer, namely the interpretation of piezometric maps for an evaluation of the spatial evolution and the study of piezometric sections. Both methods allow to distinguish between the different types of recharge, show which recharge sources is the most important in supplying the groundwater. In addition, they permit to analyze in detail the piezometric evolution and the impact of the various hydraulic structures on the piezometry. Without forgetting the naturel recharge coming directly from the soil surface and depending on the permeability, there is another natural recharge which comes from flooding areas. In Grombalia groundwater, this natural recharge occurs mainly at Wadi Ejjorf, Wadi Sidi Toumi and Wadi Ejdida sites. This recharge is accented for rainy years and mainly after flooding events. This study shows the picks at all the recharge sites between 1999 and 2009. However, an overexploitation of the aquifer was observed in Soliman-Fondok Jedid, Boucharray, Bou Argoub, which presented local depression zones. The used methodologies are very important tool to choose the best recharge site and allow to adjust the hydrodynamic models. In fact, there is an urgent need for assessing various aspects of ground water resources through a process of systematic data collection, analysis and synthesis.
{"title":"SPATIO-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF THE GROMBALIA AQUIFER DYNAMICS--NORTHERN EAST OF TUNISIA","authors":"Rym Mhamdi, T. Hermassi, Fathia Jarray, Mohamed Ali Ben Abdallah, M. Mechergui, E. Bilal","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2023/018/262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2023/018/262","url":null,"abstract":"Aquifer maps are key tools for water resources management, and allow to characterize a water table distribution and variability. The Grombalia plain in the northeast part of Tunisia was studied to identify the origin of groundwater recharge and to specify the type of recharge in the whole study area. It aims to investigate the impact of recharge schemes on the piezometric evolution of the water table. Furthermore, the purpose is to investigate the origin and dominant factor of the recharge. The methodology of this work includes two methods of analysis of the dynamics of the piezometric heads of this aquifer, namely the interpretation of piezometric maps for an evaluation of the spatial evolution and the study of piezometric sections. Both methods allow to distinguish between the different types of recharge, show which recharge sources is the most important in supplying the groundwater. In addition, they permit to analyze in detail the piezometric evolution and the impact of the various hydraulic structures on the piezometry. Without forgetting the naturel recharge coming directly from the soil surface and depending on the permeability, there is another natural recharge which comes from flooding areas. In Grombalia groundwater, this natural recharge occurs mainly at Wadi Ejjorf, Wadi Sidi Toumi and Wadi Ejdida sites. This recharge is accented for rainy years and mainly after flooding events. This study shows the picks at all the recharge sites between 1999 and 2009. However, an overexploitation of the aquifer was observed in Soliman-Fondok Jedid, Boucharray, Bou Argoub, which presented local depression zones. The used methodologies are very important tool to choose the best recharge site and allow to adjust the hydrodynamic models. In fact, there is an urgent need for assessing various aspects of ground water resources through a process of systematic data collection, analysis and synthesis.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43680026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2023/018/260
Gabriel M. MARIA, R. Trusca, C. Banciu, Mihnea Vladimirescu, I. Paica, R. Catană, Anca Manole
Airborne particulate matter (PM) are a major environmental pollutant adversely affecting human health. Exposure to atmospheric PM is correlated with significant damages to physiological systems from respiratory and circulatory level to reproductive and central nervous systems. The paper describes the elemental composition of a particular category of PM2.5 – microspheres, originate in exhaust pipes of automobiles and deposited onto vegetation planted along the roads. Microspheres were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). Based on size and chemical composition, the hazard on human health of identified microspheres was evaluated. SEM investigation showed that microspheres size was between 3 and 0.5 μm. EDX analysis indicate that microspheres have a complex elemental structure, which concentrate mainly Si and Al in combination with Mg, Na, Fe, K, Ca and Cl, and seldom Ba and Ti. Our results showed that detected airborne microsphere are breathable and potential harmful to human health.
{"title":"SEM-EDX IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AIRBORNE MICROSPHERES: POTENTIAL EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH","authors":"Gabriel M. MARIA, R. Trusca, C. Banciu, Mihnea Vladimirescu, I. Paica, R. Catană, Anca Manole","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2023/018/260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2023/018/260","url":null,"abstract":"Airborne particulate matter (PM) are a major environmental pollutant adversely affecting human health. Exposure to atmospheric PM is correlated with significant damages to physiological systems from respiratory and circulatory level to reproductive and central nervous systems. The paper describes the elemental composition of a particular category of PM2.5 – microspheres, originate in exhaust pipes of automobiles and deposited onto vegetation planted along the roads. Microspheres were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). Based on size and chemical composition, the hazard on human health of identified microspheres was evaluated. SEM investigation showed that microspheres size was between 3 and 0.5 μm. EDX analysis indicate that microspheres have a complex elemental structure, which concentrate mainly Si and Al in combination with Mg, Na, Fe, K, Ca and Cl, and seldom Ba and Ti. Our results showed that detected airborne microsphere are breathable and potential harmful to human health.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46978813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2023/018/257
Annisa Utami Rauf, A. Mallongi, Ratna Dwi Puji Astuti
Chromium is a potentially toxic metal due to several acute and chronic effects on human. Chromium can accumulate in the soil and water as the result of weathering processes, industrial emissions, tanneries, and inorganic fertilizers. This study aimed to evaluate the potential threat from Cr exposure in adults and children of the community around Maros karst, Indonesia. The level of Cr was investigated on twenty soils and sixteen well water using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The integrated health risk assessment method from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and Monte Carlo simulation approach with 10,000 iterations were applied to assess non-cancer and cancer risk through combined pathways, ingestion and skin contact. The non-cancer risk with 95% confidence demonstrated that Cr exposure in adults and children was below the permissible limit (THI<1). The final prediction using human health risk assessment showed that the non-cancer risk for both receptors was considered acceptable. However, the total cancer risk (TCR) values exceeded the acceptable risk value of USEPA in children (2.33 x 10-4 ) and adults (2.18 x 10-4 ), indicating children have a greater risk for developing cancer than adults. Ingestion rate (IR) (26.0%) and Cr concentration in soil (26.4%) were the most important variables in determining cancer risk for adults and children, respectively. The findings could be valuable for managing well water consumption and soil remediation in residential areas.
铬是一种潜在的有毒金属，对人体有多种急性和慢性影响。铬会由于风化过程、工业排放、制革厂和无机肥料而在土壤和水中积累。本研究旨在评估印度尼西亚Maros岩溶周围社区成人和儿童接触铬的潜在威胁。采用原子吸收分光光度法（AAS）测定了20种土壤和16种井水中铬的含量。应用美国环境保护局（USEPA）的综合健康风险评估方法和10000次迭代的蒙特卡洛模拟方法，通过综合途径、摄入和皮肤接触来评估非癌症和癌症风险。95%置信度的非癌症风险表明，成人和儿童的Cr暴露量低于允许限值（THI＜1）。使用人类健康风险评估的最终预测表明，两种受体的非癌症风险被认为是可接受的。然而，癌症总风险（TCR）值超过了美国环境保护局在儿童（2.33 x 10-4）和成人（2.18 x 10-4）中的可接受风险值，表明儿童比成人患癌症的风险更大。摄入率（IR）（26.0%）和土壤中Cr浓度（26.4%）分别是确定成人和儿童癌症风险的最重要变量。这些发现可能对管理居民区的井水消耗和土壤修复有价值。
{"title":"EVALUATION OF CHROMIUM EXPOSURE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN AROUND MAROS KARST IN INDONESIA","authors":"Annisa Utami Rauf, A. Mallongi, Ratna Dwi Puji Astuti","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2023/018/257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2023/018/257","url":null,"abstract":"Chromium is a potentially toxic metal due to several acute and chronic effects on human. Chromium can accumulate in the soil and water as the result of weathering processes, industrial emissions, tanneries, and inorganic fertilizers. This study aimed to evaluate the potential threat from Cr exposure in adults and children of the community around Maros karst, Indonesia. The level of Cr was investigated on twenty soils and sixteen well water using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The integrated health risk assessment method from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and Monte Carlo simulation approach with 10,000 iterations were applied to assess non-cancer and cancer risk through combined pathways, ingestion and skin contact. The non-cancer risk with 95% confidence demonstrated that Cr exposure in adults and children was below the permissible limit (THI<1). The final prediction using human health risk assessment showed that the non-cancer risk for both receptors was considered acceptable. However, the total cancer risk (TCR) values exceeded the acceptable risk value of USEPA in children (2.33 x 10-4 ) and adults (2.18 x 10-4 ), indicating children have a greater risk for developing cancer than adults. Ingestion rate (IR) (26.0%) and Cr concentration in soil (26.4%) were the most important variables in determining cancer risk for adults and children, respectively. The findings could be valuable for managing well water consumption and soil remediation in residential areas.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48030515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2023/018/255
I. gümüş
Limited nutrient availability and poor soil structure are the major constraints to plant production in the calcareous soils affected by wind erosion. Short-term (90 days) incubation study was carried out to evaluate the impacts of vermicompost on improving crop yield and soil properties in the calcareous soil exposed to wind erosion. Vermicompost was applied at the rate of 0, 1, 2 and 4% (w/w). Significant (P˂0.05) differences in the selected physico-chemical properties were observed when the treatments with vermicompost and no vermicompost were compared; except for soil pH and lime content. Soil properties were improved substantially in parallel with the application rates. When compared to the control, vermicompost application significantly increased the yield, fresh leaf biomass (FLB), fresh root biomass (FRB), dry leaf biomass (DLB), dry root biomass (DRB), leaf number (LN) and leaf chlorophyll content (LCC) values of the spinach plant grown under greenhouse conditions. Conclusively, applying vermicompost improves soil properties and crop performance; however, field study is recommended in order to validate the findings of this study prior to adopting vermicompost as soil management practices in the calcareous soils exposed to wind erosion.
{"title":"USE OF VERMICOMPOST TO IMPROVE SOIL PROPERTIES AND SPINACH GROWTH IN THE SOIL AFFECTED BY WIND EROSION","authors":"I. gümüş","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2023/018/255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2023/018/255","url":null,"abstract":"Limited nutrient availability and poor soil structure are the major constraints to plant production in the calcareous soils affected by wind erosion. Short-term (90 days) incubation study was carried out to evaluate the impacts of vermicompost on improving crop yield and soil properties in the calcareous soil exposed to wind erosion. Vermicompost was applied at the rate of 0, 1, 2 and 4% (w/w). Significant (P˂0.05) differences in the selected physico-chemical properties were observed when the treatments with vermicompost and no vermicompost were compared; except for soil pH and lime content. Soil properties were improved substantially in parallel with the application rates. When compared to the control, vermicompost application significantly increased the yield, fresh leaf biomass (FLB), fresh root biomass (FRB), dry leaf biomass (DLB), dry root biomass (DRB), leaf number (LN) and leaf chlorophyll content (LCC) values of the spinach plant grown under greenhouse conditions. Conclusively, applying vermicompost improves soil properties and crop performance; however, field study is recommended in order to validate the findings of this study prior to adopting vermicompost as soil management practices in the calcareous soils exposed to wind erosion.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44329956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2023/018/258
M. Karaoğlu, E. Erdel
In arid and semi-arid regions, one of the biggest problems for soil which is bare and/or has insufficient vegetation is wind erosion caused by strong winds. The second largest wind erosion area of Türkiye is in the province of Aralık-Iğdır. In this study, surface soil analysis of 40 km2 of the wind erosion area (clay,% silt,% sand, carbonate%, OM%, pH and EC), dry sieving analysis (4, 2, 1, 0.84, 0.42, 0.106, 0.020, <0.020 mm), erodible fraction (EF1%, EF2%), stability index (SI) and relative aggregation index (RSI) were determined. In addition, elevation, slope, silt, >0.84 mm, 0.106 mm, >0.020 mm, EF1, EF2, SI and RSI values as percentage were mapped using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). As a result, the texture classes of the wind erosion area of surface soils were determined as S-LS-SL, the carbonate percentages as 0.4-0.8, the organic matter percentages as 0.3-2.4, the pH values as 8.0-9.1, the electrical conductivity measurements as 0.03-0.12. In dry sieving processes; the resistant material (>0.84%) as 0-40, the erosive material (<0.84%) as 43-99; the erodible material percentages calculated with equations EF1 as 50-58, EF2 as 60-100; the stability index SI as 0-1 and the relative aggregation indices were RSI 0-11. It has been determined that the surface soils of all plots in the study area were sensitive to wind erosion, and that some plots were more sensitive.
{"title":"SOIL PROPERTIES AND MAPPING OF THE ARALIK-IĞDIR WIND EROSION AREA-I (SURFACE)","authors":"M. Karaoğlu, E. Erdel","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2023/018/258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2023/018/258","url":null,"abstract":"In arid and semi-arid regions, one of the biggest problems for soil which is bare and/or has insufficient vegetation is wind erosion caused by strong winds. The second largest wind erosion area of Türkiye is in the province of Aralık-Iğdır. In this study, surface soil analysis of 40 km2 of the wind erosion area (clay,% silt,% sand, carbonate%, OM%, pH and EC), dry sieving analysis (4, 2, 1, 0.84, 0.42, 0.106, 0.020, <0.020 mm), erodible fraction (EF1%, EF2%), stability index (SI) and relative aggregation index (RSI) were determined. In addition, elevation, slope, silt, >0.84 mm, 0.106 mm, >0.020 mm, EF1, EF2, SI and RSI values as percentage were mapped using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). As a result, the texture classes of the wind erosion area of surface soils were determined as S-LS-SL, the carbonate percentages as 0.4-0.8, the organic matter percentages as 0.3-2.4, the pH values as 8.0-9.1, the electrical conductivity measurements as 0.03-0.12. In dry sieving processes; the resistant material (>0.84%) as 0-40, the erosive material (<0.84%) as 43-99; the erodible material percentages calculated with equations EF1 as 50-58, EF2 as 60-100; the stability index SI as 0-1 and the relative aggregation indices were RSI 0-11. It has been determined that the surface soils of all plots in the study area were sensitive to wind erosion, and that some plots were more sensitive.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41515828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2023/018/256
Ahlam MALEK NASERI, Shahram Goudarzi, Abdolamir Yusefi, A. Afrous, A. Borzou
Cadmium (Cd) as a highly toxic heavy metal can cause seriously harmful to human health. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of fly ash, intermediate materials, and zeolite on the yield performance of two cultivars of Iranian rice (Anbarbo and Champa) and the remediation of Cd-contaminated soil. The experiment was carried out in two crop years, 2019-2020 and 2020-2021, in both forms of field and pot cultivation. The research treatments included fly ash, intermediate materials, zeolite, and genotype. Plant variables were analyzed by a split-plot method as a randomized complete block design, and soil variables were analyzed by a random complete block method. Results showed that intermediate material was significantly associated with dry weight, biomass, root Cd content, stem Cd content, seed Cd content, and rice yield (p<0.01). Genotype also significantly affected dry weight, biomass, root Cd content, and rice yield (p<0.01), and the Champa variety had the highest yield. The field and pot experiment results showed that the intermediate material was significantly associated with the highest amount of dry weight and the lowest amount of root, stem, and seed Cd content. Fly ash significantly increased soil pH, cation exchange capacity, phosphorus, and reduced soil Cd content (p<0.01). However, the highest amount of available soil potassium was observed in the zeolite treatment. The impact of zeolite on contaminated soil needs further exploration. In conclusion, this study suggested that one of the beneficial strategies to improve rice yield and the fertility of contaminated soils is using waste materials such as fly ash and its derivatives.
{"title":"APPLICABILITY OF FLY ASH, INTERMEDIATE MATERIAL, AND ZEOLITE FOR IMPROVING SOIL FERTILITY AND YIELD OF TWO IRANIAN RICE CULTIVARS GROWN IN CADMIUM-CONTAMINATED SOIL","authors":"Ahlam MALEK NASERI, Shahram Goudarzi, Abdolamir Yusefi, A. Afrous, A. Borzou","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2023/018/256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2023/018/256","url":null,"abstract":"Cadmium (Cd) as a highly toxic heavy metal can cause seriously harmful to human health. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of fly ash, intermediate materials, and zeolite on the yield performance of two cultivars of Iranian rice (Anbarbo and Champa) and the remediation of Cd-contaminated soil. The experiment was carried out in two crop years, 2019-2020 and 2020-2021, in both forms of field and pot cultivation. The research treatments included fly ash, intermediate materials, zeolite, and genotype. Plant variables were analyzed by a split-plot method as a randomized complete block design, and soil variables were analyzed by a random complete block method. Results showed that intermediate material was significantly associated with dry weight, biomass, root Cd content, stem Cd content, seed Cd content, and rice yield (p<0.01). Genotype also significantly affected dry weight, biomass, root Cd content, and rice yield (p<0.01), and the Champa variety had the highest yield. The field and pot experiment results showed that the intermediate material was significantly associated with the highest amount of dry weight and the lowest amount of root, stem, and seed Cd content. Fly ash significantly increased soil pH, cation exchange capacity, phosphorus, and reduced soil Cd content (p<0.01). However, the highest amount of available soil potassium was observed in the zeolite treatment. The impact of zeolite on contaminated soil needs further exploration. In conclusion, this study suggested that one of the beneficial strategies to improve rice yield and the fertility of contaminated soils is using waste materials such as fly ash and its derivatives.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44675045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2023/018/254
Soheila Saki, Papadopoulou Lambrini, Amir Ali Tabbakh Shabani, M. Sadeghian, Mehdi REZAEI KAHKHAEI, Morteza DELAVARI KOSHAN
Investigation of variations in the micro-texture and chemical composition of plagioclases (core to rim) allows the sequencing of the magma chamber processes and helps interprete and associate textures to specific processes. In this contribution, the micro-textures and chemical zoning of the plagioclases, significant recorder of magma chamber processes, from the west of Torbat-e-Heydariyeh andesitic rocks (WTHAR) are considered to decipher the physical and chemical parameters of magma evolution. The rocks are cropped out in the northern branch of Neotethyan magmatic belt and considered as the products of Eocene magmatic activities of the Sabzevar zone (N-NE Iran). The rocks show vitrorphyric and vitroglomeroporphyric textures with main phenocrysts, plagioclase (andesine, labradorite, and bytownite), clinopyroxene (augite), orthopyroxene and magnetite scattered in a glassy matrix. The recognized micro-textures of the WTHA plagioclases can be divided into two categories: (i) growth- related textures in the form of coarse-sieved (CS), fine-sieved (FS), core sieved and intact margin (CSIM), core intact and sieved margin (CISM) and entirely sieved (ES) morphologies, oscillatory zoning (OZ), rounded zone corner (RZC) and resorption surfaces (RS) formed due to the changes in temperature, melt H2O content, pressure, composition of the melt, equilibrium at the crystal-melt interface and (ii) morphological textures such as glomerocrysts (GLO), synneusis (SY), swallow-tail (ST) crystals, broken crystals (BC), formed by the effect of dynamic behavior of the crystallizing magma (convection, degassing, etc.) and magmatic differentiation. Also, the occurrence of these changes can be related to the self-mixing process in the magma chamber. The self-mixing with recharge event can be the reason for the dynamic activities in the magma chamber.
{"title":"INTERPRETATION OF THE MAGMA CHAMBER PROCESSES USING MICRO-TEXTURE AND ZONING STYLES IN PLAGIOCLASE CRYSTALS: EVIDENCE FROM THE ANDESITIC ROCKS IN SABZEVAR ZONE (NE IRAN)","authors":"Soheila Saki, Papadopoulou Lambrini, Amir Ali Tabbakh Shabani, M. Sadeghian, Mehdi REZAEI KAHKHAEI, Morteza DELAVARI KOSHAN","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2023/018/254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2023/018/254","url":null,"abstract":"Investigation of variations in the micro-texture and chemical composition of plagioclases (core to rim) allows the sequencing of the magma chamber processes and helps interprete and associate textures to specific processes. In this contribution, the micro-textures and chemical zoning of the plagioclases, significant recorder of magma chamber processes, from the west of Torbat-e-Heydariyeh andesitic rocks (WTHAR) are considered to decipher the physical and chemical parameters of magma evolution. The rocks are cropped out in the northern branch of Neotethyan magmatic belt and considered as the products of Eocene magmatic activities of the Sabzevar zone (N-NE Iran). The rocks show vitrorphyric and vitroglomeroporphyric textures with main phenocrysts, plagioclase (andesine, labradorite, and bytownite), clinopyroxene (augite), orthopyroxene and magnetite scattered in a glassy matrix. The recognized micro-textures of the WTHA plagioclases can be divided into two categories: (i) growth- related textures in the form of coarse-sieved (CS), fine-sieved (FS), core sieved and intact margin (CSIM), core intact and sieved margin (CISM) and entirely sieved (ES) morphologies, oscillatory zoning (OZ), rounded zone corner (RZC) and resorption surfaces (RS) formed due to the changes in temperature, melt H2O content, pressure, composition of the melt, equilibrium at the crystal-melt interface and (ii) morphological textures such as glomerocrysts (GLO), synneusis (SY), swallow-tail (ST) crystals, broken crystals (BC), formed by the effect of dynamic behavior of the crystallizing magma (convection, degassing, etc.) and magmatic differentiation. Also, the occurrence of these changes can be related to the self-mixing process in the magma chamber. The self-mixing with recharge event can be the reason for the dynamic activities in the magma chamber.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47855631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-22DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2023/018/251
A. Hikov, A. Vîjdea, I. Peytcheva, G. Jordan, P. Marjanović, Z. Milakovska, P. Filipov, Milena Vetseva, A. Baltres, V. Alexe, L. Balan, Marko Marjanović, V. Cvetkovic, Kristina Šarić
Increase of pollution of surface water and water sediments with hazardous substances (HSs) in the Danube River Basin requires implementation of systematic monitoring and evaluation of the sediment quality. The present study is focused on the ’South Danube’ Test Area (SDTA) that covers parts of the Lower Danube Basin in Romania, Serbia and Bulgaria. The SD area represents an extended region where Danube reaches its largest widths and depths and where pollution (industrial, mining, agricultural, waste etc.) from tributaries and land is supposed to accumulate in the sediments. Sampling of river bottom sediment (BS), suspended sediment (SS) and overbank (floodplain) sediment at two layers (0-5 cm in the top layer (FS TS) and 40-50 cm in the bottom layer (FS BS)), was carried out at 11 locations in order to analyze the concentration and distribution of 8 metal(oid)s (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg, Ni, Cr, As), 6 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 6 pesticides as hazardous substances. The 2013/39/EU Directive and EU Water Framework Directive standards were used to sediment quality assessment. As a whole, the concentrations of heavy metals in the sediments are comparatively low and are around the normal values for soils. On the other hand, some sampling sites and sediment types have high or very high metal concentrations which exceed intervention levels. Our study well recognizes mining pollution sources in the Danube tributaries Borska Reka, Timok, Ogosta, Malak Iskar and Iskar from past and/or recent mining activity. This pollution is limited to the Danube tributaries and around their confluences into the Danube River. The concentration of heavy metals is strongly diluted in the Danube River and drops around normal values. The studied sediments reveal low concentrations of PAHs. Only fluoranthene content is higher in most of the sediment types and sampling sites on the Danube River, but exceeds the interventional level only at Pristol and at Hârșova. Our results show that the sediments in the Danube River are more polluted with PAHs than its tributaries. The identified organic compounds are assumed to be generated during incomplete or low temperature combustion processes or during road transportation and/or the navigation on the Danube River.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF RIVER SEDIMENT QUALITY ACCORDING TO THE EU WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE IN LARGE RIVER FLUVIAL CONDITIONS. A CASE STUDY IN THE LOWER DANUBE RIVER BASIN","authors":"A. Hikov, A. Vîjdea, I. Peytcheva, G. Jordan, P. Marjanović, Z. Milakovska, P. Filipov, Milena Vetseva, A. Baltres, V. Alexe, L. Balan, Marko Marjanović, V. Cvetkovic, Kristina Šarić","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2023/018/251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2023/018/251","url":null,"abstract":"Increase of pollution of surface water and water sediments with hazardous substances (HSs) in the Danube River Basin requires implementation of systematic monitoring and evaluation of the sediment quality. The present study is focused on the ’South Danube’ Test Area (SDTA) that covers parts of the Lower Danube Basin in Romania, Serbia and Bulgaria. The SD area represents an extended region where Danube reaches its largest widths and depths and where pollution (industrial, mining, agricultural, waste etc.) from tributaries and land is supposed to accumulate in the sediments. Sampling of river bottom sediment (BS), suspended sediment (SS) and overbank (floodplain) sediment at two layers (0-5 cm in the top layer (FS TS) and 40-50 cm in the bottom layer (FS BS)), was carried out at 11 locations in order to analyze the concentration and distribution of 8 metal(oid)s (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg, Ni, Cr, As), 6 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 6 pesticides as hazardous substances. The 2013/39/EU Directive and EU Water Framework Directive standards were used to sediment quality assessment. As a whole, the concentrations of heavy metals in the sediments are comparatively low and are around the normal values for soils. On the other hand, some sampling sites and sediment types have high or very high metal concentrations which exceed intervention levels. Our study well recognizes mining pollution sources in the Danube tributaries Borska Reka, Timok, Ogosta, Malak Iskar and Iskar from past and/or recent mining activity. This pollution is limited to the Danube tributaries and around their confluences into the Danube River. The concentration of heavy metals is strongly diluted in the Danube River and drops around normal values. The studied sediments reveal low concentrations of PAHs. Only fluoranthene content is higher in most of the sediment types and sampling sites on the Danube River, but exceeds the interventional level only at Pristol and at Hârșova. Our results show that the sediments in the Danube River are more polluted with PAHs than its tributaries. The identified organic compounds are assumed to be generated during incomplete or low temperature combustion processes or during road transportation and/or the navigation on the Danube River.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44524013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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