Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2022/017/225
A. Ajake, V. Eneyo, N. Akpan, F. Obi, E. Eja, S. Kharbish, Ahmed M. Eldosouky
Landslide disaster is increasingly receiving severe attention because of their devastating effects on the environment and people's economic interests despite the mitigative efforts made by stakeholders to minimize their impacts. The study assesses the effectiveness of several interventions to reduce the adverse effects of landslides in parts of southeastern Nigeria. Data were collected from purposively sampled locations, including Boki, Obanliku, Calabar and Biase in Cross River State, using a questionnaire survey, participatory rural appraisal, field inventory and measurement. The study used both descriptive and inferential statistics for data analyses. Results revealed that climate change and human activities were the primary causes of landslides attracting 98% and 95%, respectively. Results further show that landslide occurrence has significantly affected socio-economic activities in the areas and is the primary cause of biophysical degradation. Also, the study indicated that the efforts of various stakeholders in terms of financial support (65%), building materials (60%), and food items (64%), were not yielding sustainable results. The one-way analysis of variance of the results of stakeholders' involvement in landslide risk reduction measures shows an F-ratio of 2.02, which is less than the calculated value of 2.87 at 0.05 levels of significance. Therefore, there is no statistical difference in the effectiveness and commitment of stakeholders. Furthermore, the empirical results obtained from ANOVA on the efficacy of landslide risk reduction measures produce an F-ratio of 1.171, which is less than the tabulated value of 2,69 at 0.05 level of significance. This result confirms that the effectiveness of landslide reduction measures across the sample communities does not vary significantly. This implies that all the respondents gave an almost equal rating of the risk reduction measures. It is recommended that environmental awareness activities be promoted, and human activities that are likely to enhance occurrence in vulnerable areas should be discouraged.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF PARTICIPATORY DIMENSIONS OF LANDSLIDE DISASTER AND RISK MANAGEMENT IN SOME RURAL COMMUNITIES OF SOUTH EASTERN NIGERIA","authors":"A. Ajake, V. Eneyo, N. Akpan, F. Obi, E. Eja, S. Kharbish, Ahmed M. Eldosouky","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2022/017/225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2022/017/225","url":null,"abstract":"Landslide disaster is increasingly receiving severe attention because of their devastating effects on the environment and people's economic interests despite the mitigative efforts made by stakeholders to minimize their impacts. The study assesses the effectiveness of several interventions to reduce the adverse effects of landslides in parts of southeastern Nigeria. Data were collected from purposively sampled locations, including Boki, Obanliku, Calabar and Biase in Cross River State, using a questionnaire survey, participatory rural appraisal, field inventory and measurement. The study used both descriptive and inferential statistics for data analyses. Results revealed that climate change and human activities were the primary causes of landslides attracting 98% and 95%, respectively. Results further show that landslide occurrence has significantly affected socio-economic activities in the areas and is the primary cause of biophysical degradation. Also, the study indicated that the efforts of various stakeholders in terms of financial support (65%), building materials (60%), and food items (64%), were not yielding sustainable results. The one-way analysis of variance of the results of stakeholders' involvement in landslide risk reduction measures shows an F-ratio of 2.02, which is less than the calculated value of 2.87 at 0.05 levels of significance. Therefore, there is no statistical difference in the effectiveness and commitment of stakeholders. Furthermore, the empirical results obtained from ANOVA on the efficacy of landslide risk reduction measures produce an F-ratio of 1.171, which is less than the tabulated value of 2,69 at 0.05 level of significance. This result confirms that the effectiveness of landslide reduction measures across the sample communities does not vary significantly. This implies that all the respondents gave an almost equal rating of the risk reduction measures. It is recommended that environmental awareness activities be promoted, and human activities that are likely to enhance occurrence in vulnerable areas should be discouraged.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":"90 5-6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41301445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2022/017/220
Sumaira Zubair, T. Faridi, M. S. Rana, S. Raza, M. Arshad
Arsenic is a carcinogenic factor that threatens the health of millions across the globe. About 80% of Pakistan’s entire population has no access to safe drinking water. As has been reported in many areas of Punjab province and people have been suffering from many diseases in rural areas of Punjab. To detect the presence of As in drinking water as well as to determine the physical parameters that are pH, total dissolved solid and electrical conductivity of drinking water. In this study, 369 samples of drinking water were randomly collected from Manga Mandi and analyzed. Levels of As was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. About 66% of drinking water samples showed As concentration above the WHO drinking water guidelines. Only 34% of samples were found within the WHO standards. Among physical parameters electrical conductivity was found to exceed the permissible limit. It is concluded that people of Manga Mandi use untreated ground water for drinking purposes that may be contaminated from anthropogenic sources, agricultural and industrial wastes. Installation of filtration plants and regular monitoring of water is recommended to improve the quality to reduce the risks of life threatening diseases.
{"title":"PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF DRINKING WATER FOR THE DETECTION OF ARSENIC FROM MANGA MANDI PUNJAB, PAKISTAN","authors":"Sumaira Zubair, T. Faridi, M. S. Rana, S. Raza, M. Arshad","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2022/017/220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2022/017/220","url":null,"abstract":"Arsenic is a carcinogenic factor that threatens the health of millions across the globe. About 80% of Pakistan’s entire population has no access to safe drinking water. As has been reported in many areas of Punjab province and people have been suffering from many diseases in rural areas of Punjab. To detect the presence of As in drinking water as well as to determine the physical parameters that are pH, total dissolved solid and electrical conductivity of drinking water. In this study, 369 samples of drinking water were randomly collected from Manga Mandi and analyzed. Levels of As was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. About 66% of drinking water samples showed As concentration above the WHO drinking water guidelines. Only 34% of samples were found within the WHO standards. Among physical parameters electrical conductivity was found to exceed the permissible limit. It is concluded that people of Manga Mandi use untreated ground water for drinking purposes that may be contaminated from anthropogenic sources, agricultural and industrial wastes. Installation of filtration plants and regular monitoring of water is recommended to improve the quality to reduce the risks of life threatening diseases.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44571471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2022/017/218
A. Botello, J. Armstrong-Altrin, S. Villanueva, Laura A. Velandia, Ariadna F. Arellano
The Terminos Lagoon is a region of great environmental and economic importance, due to its biodiversity, abundance of natural resources and proximity to the Campeche Sound. These characteristics encourage the development of numerous human activities in its surroundings, including oil, agricultural, industrial, urban and sanitary activities. We evaluated the concentration of Cr, Ni, Pb and V in surface sediment samples from Laguna de Terminos, Campeche, Mexico. The results obtained show that the concentrations of Cr and Pb remained below the ecological criteria of the minimum and maximum adverse ERL and ERM conditions for the biota, as well as within the ranges reported for other coastal lagoons in the Gulf of Mexico, with the exception of Pb, which decreased by almost 100%. Ni recorded values above the ERL and ERM, which have shown fluctuations in concentrations depending on the rainy and dry seasons. V maintained its concentrations below 27.73 mg/kg. High correlations were found between metals Cr – V, Cr – Ni and Ni – V, suggesting that these elements share the same source of origin. The statistics show that there are significant differences between the sampling sites PLZ and C, and PLZ and CDL. The reduction may be due to a decrease in urban, tourist, fishing and agricultural activities.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF POTENTIALLY TOXIC METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN THE TERMINOS LAGOON, CAMPECHE, GULF OF MEXICO","authors":"A. Botello, J. Armstrong-Altrin, S. Villanueva, Laura A. Velandia, Ariadna F. Arellano","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2022/017/218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2022/017/218","url":null,"abstract":"The Terminos Lagoon is a region of great environmental and economic importance, due to its biodiversity, abundance of natural resources and proximity to the Campeche Sound. These characteristics encourage the development of numerous human activities in its surroundings, including oil, agricultural, industrial, urban and sanitary activities. We evaluated the concentration of Cr, Ni, Pb and V in surface sediment samples from Laguna de Terminos, Campeche, Mexico. The results obtained show that the concentrations of Cr and Pb remained below the ecological criteria of the minimum and maximum adverse ERL and ERM conditions for the biota, as well as within the ranges reported for other coastal lagoons in the Gulf of Mexico, with the exception of Pb, which decreased by almost 100%. Ni recorded values above the ERL and ERM, which have shown fluctuations in concentrations depending on the rainy and dry seasons. V maintained its concentrations below 27.73 mg/kg. High correlations were found between metals Cr – V, Cr – Ni and Ni – V, suggesting that these elements share the same source of origin. The statistics show that there are significant differences between the sampling sites PLZ and C, and PLZ and CDL. The reduction may be due to a decrease in urban, tourist, fishing and agricultural activities.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48644566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2022/017/233
A. Vîjdea, V. Alexe, L. Balan, O. Bogdevich, Teja Ceru, Neda Devic, M. Dobnikar, Katalin Mária Dudás, Ismir Hajdarević, Jarmila Halířová, A. Hikov, F. Humer, Danijel Ivanišević, Michal Jankulár, G. Jordan, Kristina Koret, M. Marjanović, P. Marjanović, L. Mikl, Igor Nicoara, T. Nikolić, I. Peytcheva, S. Pfleiderer, H. Reitner, A. Šorša, Jelena Vićanović, Dragica Vulić
Fluvial sediment samples (river bottom sediment, suspended sediment and active floodplain/overbank) were collected in 2 baseline stations of the Transnational Monitoring Network for each of the 12 countries in the Danube Basin Region: Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Republic of Moldavia, Montenegro, Romania, Republic of Serbia, Slovakia and Slovenia, according to a harmonized methodology. The sediment samples were analyzed for selected hazardous substances (HSs): 8 metals, 8 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 6 pesticides in an accredited laboratory selected as reference laboratory, as well as in national laboratories. Risk ratios were computed in order to compare the results to the Environmental Quality Standards listed in the European Directives, to the national threshold values in the Danube Basin, and to other available international European and American quality standards, and the risk ratios were classified as background, alert and intervention values for readily evaluation. Results show widespread metal(oid) (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn) contamination in the Danube Basin, most often associated with historic mining. Concentration values of Ni and Cr exceeding the thresholds are caused by the geological background (ultrabasic and metamorphic rocks in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republic of Serbia and Romania). Concentration values higher than the thresholds for some of the PAHs (e.g. Fluoranthene) and sometimes for Total PAHs were also noted almost in every countries, caused by industrial activities, wastewater discharges or navigation on the Danube River. Pesticides were below the detection limit or below the legislative intervention thresholds at all national baseline sampling sites.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF RIVER SEDIMENTS IN BASELINE NATIONAL MONITORING STATIONS OF 12 COUNTRIES IN THE DANUBE RIVER BASIN","authors":"A. Vîjdea, V. Alexe, L. Balan, O. Bogdevich, Teja Ceru, Neda Devic, M. Dobnikar, Katalin Mária Dudás, Ismir Hajdarević, Jarmila Halířová, A. Hikov, F. Humer, Danijel Ivanišević, Michal Jankulár, G. Jordan, Kristina Koret, M. Marjanović, P. Marjanović, L. Mikl, Igor Nicoara, T. Nikolić, I. Peytcheva, S. Pfleiderer, H. Reitner, A. Šorša, Jelena Vićanović, Dragica Vulić","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2022/017/233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2022/017/233","url":null,"abstract":"Fluvial sediment samples (river bottom sediment, suspended sediment and active floodplain/overbank) were collected in 2 baseline stations of the Transnational Monitoring Network for each of the 12 countries in the Danube Basin Region: Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Republic of Moldavia, Montenegro, Romania, Republic of Serbia, Slovakia and Slovenia, according to a harmonized methodology. The sediment samples were analyzed for selected hazardous substances (HSs): 8 metals, 8 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 6 pesticides in an accredited laboratory selected as reference laboratory, as well as in national laboratories. Risk ratios were computed in order to compare the results to the Environmental Quality Standards listed in the European Directives, to the national threshold values in the Danube Basin, and to other available international European and American quality standards, and the risk ratios were classified as background, alert and intervention values for readily evaluation. Results show widespread metal(oid) (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn) contamination in the Danube Basin, most often associated with historic mining. Concentration values of Ni and Cr exceeding the thresholds are caused by the geological background (ultrabasic and metamorphic rocks in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republic of Serbia and Romania). Concentration values higher than the thresholds for some of the PAHs (e.g. Fluoranthene) and sometimes for Total PAHs were also noted almost in every countries, caused by industrial activities, wastewater discharges or navigation on the Danube River. Pesticides were below the detection limit or below the legislative intervention thresholds at all national baseline sampling sites.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43969776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2022/017/223
Gordana Kaplan, I. Milevski, A. Valjarević
National land-cover maps are essential for the development of the countries as land-use patterns have shifted dramatically throughout the world in the previous decades. With the latest development in the remote sensing community, the power and ease of web-mapping and web-based map and GIS services have increased. This work investigates several datasets for land cover categorization on a national scale across North Macedonia (25,713 km2) using Sentinel images within Google Earth Engine (GEE), a cloud computing platform designed to store and process huge data sets for analysis and ultimate decision making. Both single and synergetic use of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellite images have been investigated. The basic land-cover components are generated, upon which the more detailed final land-cover/land-use data were derived and defined. Comparing the results of the datasets indicate the influence of the radar data over the optical data in land cover classification. Also, the influence of the investigated data over every class is calculated. The results showed that the various datasets lead to different overall accuracy. Also, the different datasets performed differently over single classes, even though their overall accuracy was the same. As a result, a high accuracy national-level land cover classification has been created. The results have been compared to the latest Corine data. The results can be critical to making informed policy, development, planning, and resource management decisions. This provided the standardized references from which landscape changes could be determined and quantified.
{"title":"NATIONAL LAND COVER MAPPING USING VARIOUS REMOTE SENSING DATASETS IN GEE","authors":"Gordana Kaplan, I. Milevski, A. Valjarević","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2022/017/223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2022/017/223","url":null,"abstract":"National land-cover maps are essential for the development of the countries as land-use patterns have shifted dramatically throughout the world in the previous decades. With the latest development in the remote sensing community, the power and ease of web-mapping and web-based map and GIS services have increased. This work investigates several datasets for land cover categorization on a national scale across North Macedonia (25,713 km2) using Sentinel images within Google Earth Engine (GEE), a cloud computing platform designed to store and process huge data sets for analysis and ultimate decision making. Both single and synergetic use of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellite images have been investigated. The basic land-cover components are generated, upon which the more detailed final land-cover/land-use data were derived and defined. Comparing the results of the datasets indicate the influence of the radar data over the optical data in land cover classification. Also, the influence of the investigated data over every class is calculated. The results showed that the various datasets lead to different overall accuracy. Also, the different datasets performed differently over single classes, even though their overall accuracy was the same. As a result, a high accuracy national-level land cover classification has been created. The results have been compared to the latest Corine data. The results can be critical to making informed policy, development, planning, and resource management decisions. This provided the standardized references from which landscape changes could be determined and quantified.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48476699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2022/017/222
Khadija Ouerghi, N. Lassoued, Essaied Bilal, B. Sifi
Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a nutritious leguminous rich source of protein. It plays an important role in crop rotation and contributes efficiently to soil fertility. Despite these nutritional, symbiotic and agronomic characteristics, pea cultivation areas are in regression and yield remain low. Abiotic and biotic constraints as well as the optimization of symbiotic nitrogen fixation are the main factors affecting the pea crop development. This work aimed to study the effects of inoculation with rhizobia having high potential solubilization of inorganic phosphorus on pea production under edapho-climatic stress conditions. Inoculation with rhizobia and phosphorus fertilization trials were performed in vitro at the laboratory and in vivo in fields at two experimental stations for three successive crop seasons characterized by contrasted precipitations regimes. The inoculation with both selected strains of Rhizobium (TAC and 12362) increased significantly the biomass nodular and improved the phosphorus content and phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) of pea plants. The phosphorus application induced symbiosis efficiency and increased nodulation and biomass production of pea. Regardless of the treatment, a highly significant effect of the season and site on the variability of pea production was recorded. Inoculation with rhizobia could substitute nitrogen and phosphorus chemical fertilizers for economic, ecological and sustainable agriculture.
{"title":"IMPORTANCE OF BIOFFERTLIZATION VIA RHIZOBIA STRAIN ON PEA (PISUM SATIVUM L.) PRODUCTION IN A STRESSED EDAPHO-CLIMATIC ENVIRONMENT, IN TUNISIA","authors":"Khadija Ouerghi, N. Lassoued, Essaied Bilal, B. Sifi","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2022/017/222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2022/017/222","url":null,"abstract":"Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a nutritious leguminous rich source of protein. It plays an important role in crop rotation and contributes efficiently to soil fertility. Despite these nutritional, symbiotic and agronomic characteristics, pea cultivation areas are in regression and yield remain low. Abiotic and biotic constraints as well as the optimization of symbiotic nitrogen fixation are the main factors affecting the pea crop development. This work aimed to study the effects of inoculation with rhizobia having high potential solubilization of inorganic phosphorus on pea production under edapho-climatic stress conditions. Inoculation with rhizobia and phosphorus fertilization trials were performed in vitro at the laboratory and in vivo in fields at two experimental stations for three successive crop seasons characterized by contrasted precipitations regimes. The inoculation with both selected strains of Rhizobium (TAC and 12362) increased significantly the biomass nodular and improved the phosphorus content and phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) of pea plants. The phosphorus application induced symbiosis efficiency and increased nodulation and biomass production of pea. Regardless of the treatment, a highly significant effect of the season and site on the variability of pea production was recorded. Inoculation with rhizobia could substitute nitrogen and phosphorus chemical fertilizers for economic, ecological and sustainable agriculture.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45690454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2022/017/224
R. Tošić, Vujadin Blagojević, Milijana Trifković, Tamara Sudar, Slavoljub Dragićević, N. Lovric, Ž. Topalović
Torrential floods are one of the most common and destructive natural hazards that cause great material damage and numerous environmental problems. This article is focused on presentation of a new methodological approach to mapping torrential flood risk that could potentially be applied to other torrential rivers in Bosnia and Herzegovina. A hybrid digital terrain model was developed using geodetic surveys of cross-sections of river channels and river valleys and the existing digital terrain model. This was a basis for hydraulic modelling in HEC-RAS software. Hydrological modelling determined flood flows of 100 and 500-year return periods, ranging from 23m3/s to 88m3/s. Hydraulic modelling determined depths, velocities and extent of flooding for different return periods, values of erosion and sediment accumulation, and shear stresses along the Rebrovački Brook. Maximum velocities of 100-year flood flows range up to 11.07m/s and up to 12.41m/s for 500-year flood flow. Depth of 100-year flood flows range up to 3.96m and 4.67m for 500-year flood flow. For 100-year return period the flood extent is 34.53ha, while for 500-year return period it is 46.11ha. Shear stresses of the Rebrovački Brook for 100-year flood flows range to a maximum of 3,482N/m2, while they are maximum 5,348N/m2 for 500-year return period. Maximum values of erosion and sediment accumulation of 100-year flood flow for the Rebrovački Brook are 0.59m for erosion and 1.50m for sediment accumulation, while for 500-year return period they are 3.50m for erosion and 1.66m for sediment accumulation. During the preparation of the flood hazard maps, a new formula was proposed which determined the flood hazard rating of the Rebrovački Brook for 100 and 500-year floods. The resulting maximum hazard ratings of 68.90 for 100-year flood and 69.28 for 500-year flood are several times higher than the values obtained on alluvial rivers. The flood risk factors for the categories of population and economy in the Rebrovački Brook basin were determined on the basis of the obtained flood hazard rating and corrected weighted factors for the calculation of flood risk. Risk maps for floods of different return periods of the Rebrovački Brook showed that most of the floodplain is currently in a zone of negligible or low risk. However, given the current trend of city expansion and relocation of economic activities from the centre to the suburbs, this is slowly changing to high and extreme risk. The proposed methodology for developing torrential flood hazard and risk map, tested in several other basins in Bosnia and Herzegovina, gave acceptable outcomes according to the validation results, and also provides a good basis for numerous studies and projects in flood risk management, environmental protection, spatial planning, and other areas of human action.
{"title":"A METHODOLOGY FOR MAPPING AREAS UNDER TORRENTIAL FLOOD RISK: CASE STUDY - THE REBROVAČKI BROOK BASIN / BANJA LUKA MUNICIPALITY (B&H)","authors":"R. Tošić, Vujadin Blagojević, Milijana Trifković, Tamara Sudar, Slavoljub Dragićević, N. Lovric, Ž. Topalović","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2022/017/224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2022/017/224","url":null,"abstract":"Torrential floods are one of the most common and destructive natural hazards that cause great material damage and numerous environmental problems. This article is focused on presentation of a new methodological approach to mapping torrential flood risk that could potentially be applied to other torrential rivers in Bosnia and Herzegovina. A hybrid digital terrain model was developed using geodetic surveys of cross-sections of river channels and river valleys and the existing digital terrain model. This was a basis for hydraulic modelling in HEC-RAS software. Hydrological modelling determined flood flows of 100 and 500-year return periods, ranging from 23m3/s to 88m3/s. Hydraulic modelling determined depths, velocities and extent of flooding for different return periods, values of erosion and sediment accumulation, and shear stresses along the Rebrovački Brook. Maximum velocities of 100-year flood flows range up to 11.07m/s and up to 12.41m/s for 500-year flood flow. Depth of 100-year flood flows range up to 3.96m and 4.67m for 500-year flood flow. For 100-year return period the flood extent is 34.53ha, while for 500-year return period it is 46.11ha. Shear stresses of the Rebrovački Brook for 100-year flood flows range to a maximum of 3,482N/m2, while they are maximum 5,348N/m2 for 500-year return period. Maximum values of erosion and sediment accumulation of 100-year flood flow for the Rebrovački Brook are 0.59m for erosion and 1.50m for sediment accumulation, while for 500-year return period they are 3.50m for erosion and 1.66m for sediment accumulation. During the preparation of the flood hazard maps, a new formula was proposed which determined the flood hazard rating of the Rebrovački Brook for 100 and 500-year floods. The resulting maximum hazard ratings of 68.90 for 100-year flood and 69.28 for 500-year flood are several times higher than the values obtained on alluvial rivers. The flood risk factors for the categories of population and economy in the Rebrovački Brook basin were determined on the basis of the obtained flood hazard rating and corrected weighted factors for the calculation of flood risk. Risk maps for floods of different return periods of the Rebrovački Brook showed that most of the floodplain is currently in a zone of negligible or low risk. However, given the current trend of city expansion and relocation of economic activities from the centre to the suburbs, this is slowly changing to high and extreme risk. The proposed methodology for developing torrential flood hazard and risk map, tested in several other basins in Bosnia and Herzegovina, gave acceptable outcomes according to the validation results, and also provides a good basis for numerous studies and projects in flood risk management, environmental protection, spatial planning, and other areas of human action.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43453940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2022/017/235
A. Šorša, Teja Ceru, Z. Kovács, G. Jordan, Katalin Mária Dudás, P. Szabó
The EU Water Framework Directive requires the monitoring and evaluation of surface water sediment quality based on the assessment of risk posed by contamination on the biotic receptors. Fluvial sediments are important receptors of hazardous substances (HSs) pollution from the upstream catchment areas in the Danube River Basin (DRB). For the development of systematic sediment quality monitoring and evaluation, the Drava River region on the border of Hungary and Croatia was selected as a test area representative of lowland hydromorphological conditions. Overbank (floodplain) sediments and river bottom sediments (stream sediments) were sampled at two depths at 9 locations in the test area. Eight heavy metal(oid)s were analyzed As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, and Zn as hazardous substances. The sediment quality assessment was carried out according to the 2013/39/EU Directive and EU Water Framework Directive standards. Most of the analysed HS concentrations in river bottom sediment and overbank (floodplain) sediments fall within the limits of environmental quality standards (EQS). Results show that there is no significant differences in metal(oid) HS concentrations among the various sediment types and between shallow (0-5cm) and deeper (stream sediment: 5-10cm; floodplain sediment: 40-50cm) sediment which suggests that the large lowland Drava River fluvial system is an extensive single fluvial system with homogeneous distribution of sediments and the associated contaminants. Specifically, the studied sediments in the tributaries of the Drava River do not seem to be contaminated with metal(oid) hazardous substances but at certain sites concentrations are elevated above the environmental limit values, especially for As and Zn, and to lesser extent for Cr. The data analysis techniques used enabled the identification of sites with anthropogenic pollution and the recognition of regional pattern in HSs distribution.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF RIVER SEDIMENT QUALITY ACCORDING TO THE EU WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE IN LOWLAND FLUVIAL CONDITIONS. A CASE STUDY IN THE DRAVA RIVER AREA, DANUBE RIVER BASIN","authors":"A. Šorša, Teja Ceru, Z. Kovács, G. Jordan, Katalin Mária Dudás, P. Szabó","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2022/017/235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2022/017/235","url":null,"abstract":"The EU Water Framework Directive requires the monitoring and evaluation of surface water sediment quality based on the assessment of risk posed by contamination on the biotic receptors. Fluvial sediments are important receptors of hazardous substances (HSs) pollution from the upstream catchment areas in the Danube River Basin (DRB). For the development of systematic sediment quality monitoring and evaluation, the Drava River region on the border of Hungary and Croatia was selected as a test area representative of lowland hydromorphological conditions. Overbank (floodplain) sediments and river bottom sediments (stream sediments) were sampled at two depths at 9 locations in the test area. Eight heavy metal(oid)s were analyzed As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, and Zn as hazardous substances. The sediment quality assessment was carried out according to the 2013/39/EU Directive and EU Water Framework Directive standards. Most of the analysed HS concentrations in river bottom sediment and overbank (floodplain) sediments fall within the limits of environmental quality standards (EQS). Results show that there is no significant differences in metal(oid) HS concentrations among the various sediment types and between shallow (0-5cm) and deeper (stream sediment: 5-10cm; floodplain sediment: 40-50cm) sediment which suggests that the large lowland Drava River fluvial system is an extensive single fluvial system with homogeneous distribution of sediments and the associated contaminants. Specifically, the studied sediments in the tributaries of the Drava River do not seem to be contaminated with metal(oid) hazardous substances but at certain sites concentrations are elevated above the environmental limit values, especially for As and Zn, and to lesser extent for Cr. The data analysis techniques used enabled the identification of sites with anthropogenic pollution and the recognition of regional pattern in HSs distribution.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44469030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2022/017/216
V. Mocanu, S. Dumitru, C. Paltineanu
Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration generally occurs in wet ecosystems such as river flood plains and deltas. This paper deals with the carbon sequestration stock in the Danube Delta soils for various depths as based on the existing soil maps and updated materials and discusses about greenhouse gas emissions in order to enable evaluation of future evolution and possible scenarios in the light of global warming. Histosols represent about 28% of the Delta area and contribute with over 55% to the total SOC pool of this ecosystem. The histic subtypes of the Subaquatic Fluvisols, Gleysols and Arenosols also contribute much more to the total SOC pool than the non-histic subtypes. The large and significant SOC differences between mineral and organic soils is a strong reason for preservation of Histosolsʼ area and for renaturation of some less fertile soils from the lowest parts of Danube Delta in order to increase SOC and decrease atmospheric C. Only about 14.5% from the total Danube Delta area was taken for farming, mainly in its western part, where mineral soils or subtypes of organic soils occur. Histosols are especially situated in the maritime, eastern parts of the Delta ecosystem. In cropland areas the soil depth that is mobilized by plowing, disking or other works and from where the plants uptake water and nutrients is at least 0.5 m, and for some crops even from 1.0 m or below. The present paper deals with various soil depths for SOC referenced values, facilitating their use in specific estimation models. Policy makers, decision makers and opinion-formers should promote preservation of the natural landscape of the Delta under the best possible conditions to contribute to an increase in SOC stock. Maintaining the natural SOC stock at the present-day level and enhancing new organic C deposition in the renatured parts of Delta soils could contribute to global warming mitigation in the future. If global warming continues at the present rate or higher rates, the soil water regime will change reflecting the dynamics of sea level rising. This event will most probably accelerate peat formation and increase Histosol area in the lowest landforms across the Delta. Future research is needed for characteristic stationary sites specifically in the cropland area of the Danube Delta to deepen our knowledge regarding the dynamics of SOC.
{"title":"ASSESSING CARBON SEQUESTRATION AND POSSIBLE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION WITHIN THE DANUBE DELTA SOILS – PAST AND CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS","authors":"V. Mocanu, S. Dumitru, C. Paltineanu","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2022/017/216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2022/017/216","url":null,"abstract":"Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration generally occurs in wet ecosystems such as river flood plains and deltas. This paper deals with the carbon sequestration stock in the Danube Delta soils for various depths as based on the existing soil maps and updated materials and discusses about greenhouse gas emissions in order to enable evaluation of future evolution and possible scenarios in the light of global warming. Histosols represent about 28% of the Delta area and contribute with over 55% to the total SOC pool of this ecosystem. The histic subtypes of the Subaquatic Fluvisols, Gleysols and Arenosols also contribute much more to the total SOC pool than the non-histic subtypes. The large and significant SOC differences between mineral and organic soils is a strong reason for preservation of Histosolsʼ area and for renaturation of some less fertile soils from the lowest parts of Danube Delta in order to increase SOC and decrease atmospheric C. Only about 14.5% from the total Danube Delta area was taken for farming, mainly in its western part, where mineral soils or subtypes of organic soils occur. Histosols are especially situated in the maritime, eastern parts of the Delta ecosystem. In cropland areas the soil depth that is mobilized by plowing, disking or other works and from where the plants uptake water and nutrients is at least 0.5 m, and for some crops even from 1.0 m or below. The present paper deals with various soil depths for SOC referenced values, facilitating their use in specific estimation models. Policy makers, decision makers and opinion-formers should promote preservation of the natural landscape of the Delta under the best possible conditions to contribute to an increase in SOC stock. Maintaining the natural SOC stock at the present-day level and enhancing new organic C deposition in the renatured parts of Delta soils could contribute to global warming mitigation in the future. If global warming continues at the present rate or higher rates, the soil water regime will change reflecting the dynamics of sea level rising. This event will most probably accelerate peat formation and increase Histosol area in the lowest landforms across the Delta. Future research is needed for characteristic stationary sites specifically in the cropland area of the Danube Delta to deepen our knowledge regarding the dynamics of SOC.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43497240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2022/017/227
Andrijana Miletić, Milena Radomirović, A. Đorđević, Jelena Bogosavljevic, Milica Lučić, A. Onjia
This study collected agricultural surface soil samples from 200 sites in the district of Braničevo, located in the Carpathian Mountains – Pannonian Basin south of the Danube River (Serbia). The main objective was to determine the soil contamination by ten potentially toxic elements (As, B, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Zn) and evaluate the associated ecological risk via different indices. The physicochemical parameters, pH, organic carbon, water content, and soil texture were also analyzed. The mean values of most metal concentrations remained below their corresponding national target values, except for Mo and Ni. The main soil texture types were silt loam (40.5 %) and silty clay loam (34.5 %). According to the mean values, pollution load index (PLI) and potential ecological risk (RI) demonstrated that the soil in the study area was exposed to moderate pollution and moderate ecological risk, while enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), and contamination factor (CF) revealed very high enrichment and contamination with Mo, implying the impact of anthropogenic activities. There was a lack of strong correlations among elements and soil properties, except for Cd and Corg, while moderate to strong positive inter-metal relationships suggested their common sources. The chemometric analysis illustrated the classification of sampling sites into two distinct clusters of spatial similarities according to higher and lower metal concentrations. Geospatial mapping identified a few areas of considerable ecological risk.
{"title":"GEOSPATIAL MAPPING OF ECOLOGICAL RISK FROM POTENTIALLY TOXIC ELEMENTS IN SOIL IN THE PANNONIAN-CARPATHIAN BORDER AREA SOUTH OF THE DANUBE","authors":"Andrijana Miletić, Milena Radomirović, A. Đorđević, Jelena Bogosavljevic, Milica Lučić, A. Onjia","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2022/017/227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2022/017/227","url":null,"abstract":"This study collected agricultural surface soil samples from 200 sites in the district of Braničevo, located in the Carpathian Mountains – Pannonian Basin south of the Danube River (Serbia). The main objective was to determine the soil contamination by ten potentially toxic elements (As, B, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Zn) and evaluate the associated ecological risk via different indices. The physicochemical parameters, pH, organic carbon, water content, and soil texture were also analyzed. The mean values of most metal concentrations remained below their corresponding national target values, except for Mo and Ni. The main soil texture types were silt loam (40.5 %) and silty clay loam (34.5 %). According to the mean values, pollution load index (PLI) and potential ecological risk (RI) demonstrated that the soil in the study area was exposed to moderate pollution and moderate ecological risk, while enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), and contamination factor (CF) revealed very high enrichment and contamination with Mo, implying the impact of anthropogenic activities. There was a lack of strong correlations among elements and soil properties, except for Cd and Corg, while moderate to strong positive inter-metal relationships suggested their common sources. The chemometric analysis illustrated the classification of sampling sites into two distinct clusters of spatial similarities according to higher and lower metal concentrations. Geospatial mapping identified a few areas of considerable ecological risk.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47804158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：