Pub Date : 2023-02-22DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2023/018/250
N. Călin, C. Constantina, Elena Ramona Bălășcuță
Spodumene, now in the everyday life, represent a critical source of the chemical element known as lithium. For principle reducing emissions of CO2, now and in the future, we can find an alternative resource like green resources – spodumene. The first step is to identify the field with minerals - prospecting, then the second is exploration, and culminates with exploitation. In Romania, we find probably the only fields with lithium pegmatites in Conțu. Pegmatitic bodies are known as Conțu Superior and Conțu Inferior. Spodumene appears in the form of crystals and massive aggregates, with long habitus – prismatic, sometimes tabular, and with dimensions of 25 cm – 70 cm. Its color varies from white–greenish with vitreous luster, to gray – greenish, color due to the alteration processes, which led to the appearance in green – yellow colors on the spodumene has a good cleavage on the plane (010). Spodumene has monoclinic symmetry and C2/c space group (15), and cell parameters: a = 9.466 Å, b = 8.394 Å, c = 5.221 Å. The analytical method (EPMA) indicated a lithium oxide content between 7.43 % and 7.50 %, these percentages were calculated. Beryl (the emerald variety) macroscopically, has a greasy luster, colors in light green to dark green tones, in the mass of quartz and albite. Beryl crystallizes in the hexagonal system, space group P6/mcc (192), and the cell parameters are a = 9.267 Å, b = 9.187 Å. Infrared transmittance spectroscopy indicated the presence of beryl. BeO4 vibrates at frequencies around 900 cm-1 and 1000 cm-1, we find in sample N118, valence vibrations at: 1094 cm-1, 1039 cm-1, and 957 cm-1.
{"title":"SPODUMENE AND BERYL FROM CONȚU LITHIUM - PEGMATITES, CINDREL (CIBIN) MOUNTAINS, CENTRAL GROUP, SOUTH CARPATHIANS, ROMANIA","authors":"N. Călin, C. Constantina, Elena Ramona Bălășcuță","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2023/018/250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2023/018/250","url":null,"abstract":"Spodumene, now in the everyday life, represent a critical source of the chemical element known as lithium. For principle reducing emissions of CO2, now and in the future, we can find an alternative resource like green resources – spodumene. The first step is to identify the field with minerals - prospecting, then the second is exploration, and culminates with exploitation. In Romania, we find probably the only fields with lithium pegmatites in Conțu. Pegmatitic bodies are known as Conțu Superior and Conțu Inferior. Spodumene appears in the form of crystals and massive aggregates, with long habitus – prismatic, sometimes tabular, and with dimensions of 25 cm – 70 cm. Its color varies from white–greenish with vitreous luster, to gray – greenish, color due to the alteration processes, which led to the appearance in green – yellow colors on the spodumene has a good cleavage on the plane (010). Spodumene has monoclinic symmetry and C2/c space group (15), and cell parameters: a = 9.466 Å, b = 8.394 Å, c = 5.221 Å. The analytical method (EPMA) indicated a lithium oxide content between 7.43 % and 7.50 %, these percentages were calculated. Beryl (the emerald variety) macroscopically, has a greasy luster, colors in light green to dark green tones, in the mass of quartz and albite. Beryl crystallizes in the hexagonal system, space group P6/mcc (192), and the cell parameters are a = 9.267 Å, b = 9.187 Å. Infrared transmittance spectroscopy indicated the presence of beryl. BeO4 vibrates at frequencies around 900 cm-1 and 1000 cm-1, we find in sample N118, valence vibrations at: 1094 cm-1, 1039 cm-1, and 957 cm-1.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49509458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-22DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2023/018/252
D. Petrović, M. Milinčić, D. Vukoičić, Dušan Ristić, Uroš V. Milinčić, Ivan Potić
Due to its unique geology, relief, and extensive hydrologic network, Mount Rogozna has been chosen as a case study for the quantification of geodiversity. The study consists of two interconnected parts. The first part demonstrates the application of the geodiversity evaluation method using the geodiversity index, whereas the second part deals with the evaluation of the geoheritage objects of the studied area. The methodology for calculating geodiversity index that was applied in this research was modified due to the size of the studied area. The geodiversity index is calculated based on the number of abiotic elements and the roughness of the relief within the studied area. Mount Rogozna, with an area of 818.26 km2, has been studied and processed using a network of spatial polygons of 500 × 500 m and using different maps. The second part of the research deals with the evaluation of geoheritage objects, applying the Geosite Assess-ment Model. The obtained results demonstrate that geoheritage objects are not always located in places with high values of the geodiversity index. This is proven by the fact that 5 out of 7 geoheritage sites are located in areas with low geodiversity values. The obtained qualitative and quantitative data with maps showing the distribution of geodiversity can serve as a starting point for the development of a planning and management strategy, but also as the example of good practice for possible further application in the quan-tification of geodiversity in this part of Serbia, and beyond its borders as well.
{"title":"EVALUATION AND VALORIZATION OF GEOHERITAGE OF THE MOUNT ROGOZNA AREA (SERBIA)","authors":"D. Petrović, M. Milinčić, D. Vukoičić, Dušan Ristić, Uroš V. Milinčić, Ivan Potić","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2023/018/252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2023/018/252","url":null,"abstract":"Due to its unique geology, relief, and extensive hydrologic network, Mount Rogozna has been chosen as a case study for the quantification of geodiversity. The study consists of two interconnected parts. The first part demonstrates the application of the geodiversity evaluation method using the geodiversity index, whereas the second part deals with the evaluation of the geoheritage objects of the studied area. The methodology for calculating geodiversity index that was applied in this research was modified due to the size of the studied area. The geodiversity index is calculated based on the number of abiotic elements and the roughness of the relief within the studied area. Mount Rogozna, with an area of 818.26 km2, has been studied and processed using a network of spatial polygons of 500 × 500 m and using different maps. The second part of the research deals with the evaluation of geoheritage objects, applying the Geosite Assess-ment Model. The obtained results demonstrate that geoheritage objects are not always located in places with high values of the geodiversity index. This is proven by the fact that 5 out of 7 geoheritage sites are located in areas with low geodiversity values. The obtained qualitative and quantitative data with maps showing the distribution of geodiversity can serve as a starting point for the development of a planning and management strategy, but also as the example of good practice for possible further application in the quan-tification of geodiversity in this part of Serbia, and beyond its borders as well.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43501628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-22DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2023/018/253
Pavol Midula, P. Andras, Janka Ševčíková, O. Wiche
The study is focused on Hg content in topsoil of dump-field Veľká Studňa, nearby former mining area Malachov and its accumulation by selected plants, which consisted of the local representatives of grass, herb, and wood species. The study area was divided into several parcels, based on physiognomic features of plant communities. In the order to predict the Hg distribution for the whole study area, the interpolation methods were used in GIS. The plant material consists of 4 plant species: Calamagrostis epigejos, Lotus corniculatus, Leontodon hispidus and Picea abies. The samples were dried, grained, dissolved in HNO3 and HCl solution and consequently measured by inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS) for Hg content. The results show a mass contamination of the dump top-soil horizon by mercury. The values in soil variable from 16 to 910 mg kg-1. The bioaccumulation potential of some investigated plant species can be considered as significant as well. The highest concentration of Hg was found in Picea abies ─ 24 mg kg-1. With the regard to presented data, the dump-field could be assigned as the risk enclave for the local environment and therefore its study is demanding. Applying proper techniques for investigations of bioavailable forms of mercury in the topsoil samples should be also considered.
{"title":"PHYTOACCUMULATION OF MERCURY INTO VASCULAR PLANTS AT AREA OF ABANDONED Hg-ORE DEPOSIT MALACHOV (CENTRAL SLOVAKIA)","authors":"Pavol Midula, P. Andras, Janka Ševčíková, O. Wiche","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2023/018/253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2023/018/253","url":null,"abstract":"The study is focused on Hg content in topsoil of dump-field Veľká Studňa, nearby former mining area Malachov and its accumulation by selected plants, which consisted of the local representatives of grass, herb, and wood species. The study area was divided into several parcels, based on physiognomic features of plant communities. In the order to predict the Hg distribution for the whole study area, the interpolation methods were used in GIS. The plant material consists of 4 plant species: Calamagrostis epigejos, Lotus corniculatus, Leontodon hispidus and Picea abies. The samples were dried, grained, dissolved in HNO3 and HCl solution and consequently measured by inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS) for Hg content. The results show a mass contamination of the dump top-soil horizon by mercury. The values in soil variable from 16 to 910 mg kg-1. The bioaccumulation potential of some investigated plant species can be considered as significant as well. The highest concentration of Hg was found in Picea abies ─ 24 mg kg-1. With the regard to presented data, the dump-field could be assigned as the risk enclave for the local environment and therefore its study is demanding. Applying proper techniques for investigations of bioavailable forms of mercury in the topsoil samples should be also considered.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48406808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-07DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2023/018/247
H. Mahdi, F. Gökmen, V. Uygur
Phosphorus (P) is essential to all known life forms because it is a key element in many physiological and biochemical processes. In this study, different physiographic units of Atabey Plain have developed soils with varying characteristics. The variability in land use and fertilizer input management causes changes in the availability and geochemical fractions of phosphorus. In this study, 29 surface soil samples (0-20 cm) were taken from various fruit orchards to investigate the plant cover-related inter-fraction mobility and availability of P as a function of soil characteristics. Sequentially extracted geochemical P fractions were: sodium bicarbonate [NaHCO3-P (organic Po, inorganic Pi, and Total Pt)], sodium hydroxide [NaOH-P (Po, Pi, and Pt)], citrate bicarbonate dithionite (CBD-P), hydrochloric acid (Ca-P), and residual (Res-P) phosphorus. In order to study the relationship of phosphorus fractions with soil properties, chemometric analyses were performed. According to the results, the average concentrations of the fractions in descending order were: Ca-P (200-1029 mg kg-1) > Res-P (55.3-449 mg kg-1 ) > CBD-P (56.5-204 mg kg-1) > NaOH-Pi (26.0-206 mg kg-1) > NaHCO3-Pi (4.38-93.4 mg kg-1) > NaOH-Po (0.55-30.0 mg kg-1) > NaHCO3-Po (0.26-7.56 mg kg-1). The added fertilizer P was likely to be converted to NaOH-P in the short term and Ca-P and/or CBD-P for a relatively longer time. It was determined that the fractal distribution of these fractions varied according to the land use pattern and soil properties such as texture, organic matter, carbonates, and iron and manganese oxide minerals.
{"title":"FERTILIZER-INDUCED GEOCHEMICAL FRACTIONS OF PHOSPHORUS IN FRUIT ORCHARDSS","authors":"H. Mahdi, F. Gökmen, V. Uygur","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2023/018/247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2023/018/247","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphorus (P) is essential to all known life forms because it is a key element in many physiological and biochemical processes. In this study, different physiographic units of Atabey Plain have developed soils with varying characteristics. The variability in land use and fertilizer input management causes changes in the availability and geochemical fractions of phosphorus. In this study, 29 surface soil samples (0-20 cm) were taken from various fruit orchards to investigate the plant cover-related inter-fraction mobility and availability of P as a function of soil characteristics. Sequentially extracted geochemical P fractions were: sodium bicarbonate [NaHCO3-P (organic Po, inorganic Pi, and Total Pt)], sodium hydroxide [NaOH-P (Po, Pi, and Pt)], citrate bicarbonate dithionite (CBD-P), hydrochloric acid (Ca-P), and residual (Res-P) phosphorus. In order to study the relationship of phosphorus fractions with soil properties, chemometric analyses were performed. According to the results, the average concentrations of the fractions in descending order were: Ca-P (200-1029 mg kg-1) > Res-P (55.3-449 mg kg-1 ) > CBD-P (56.5-204 mg kg-1) > NaOH-Pi (26.0-206 mg kg-1) > NaHCO3-Pi (4.38-93.4 mg kg-1) > NaOH-Po (0.55-30.0 mg kg-1) > NaHCO3-Po (0.26-7.56 mg kg-1). The added fertilizer P was likely to be converted to NaOH-P in the short term and Ca-P and/or CBD-P for a relatively longer time. It was determined that the fractal distribution of these fractions varied according to the land use pattern and soil properties such as texture, organic matter, carbonates, and iron and manganese oxide minerals.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47626425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-07DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2023/018/248
D. Ciurte, Alin Mihu-Pintilie, A. Urzică, A. Grozavu
The use of 1D, 2D, and 1D/2D modelling techniques to identify flood prone areas is a critical component of any flood hazard management project (e.g., APDF – action plan for dam failure) in the proximity of big dams and reservoirs. In this work, we manage to computed flood hazard models using 2D HEC-RAS module based on Digital Elevation Models (DEM’s) derived from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data and pre- and post-processed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-based software (e.g., ArcGIS, HEC-RAS). Therefore, to produce urban flood hazard (FH) maps downstream of the Strâmtori-Firiza reservoir (S-Fr) in NW Romania, a multi-scenario approach based on LiDAR-derived DEM integration, 2D hydraulic modeling, and remote sensing (RS) data validation is provided. In this context, to assess the flood control capacity (FCC) of the S-Fr hydro-technical system, three flood tests based on S-Fr flow rate with 5% (167 m3/s), 1% (270 m3/s) and 0.1% (447 m3/s) return periods were performed. The flood impact within the urban area of Baia Mare located downstream of S-Fr was achieved for each flood scenarios using four spatial data derived from the RAS Mapper module: flood extent (FE), flood depth (FD), flood velocity (FV) and flood hazard (FH). The results indicate that a large area of Baia Mare city can be affected by a potential flood caused by a dam failure and also contribute to the APDF update of S-Fr dam.
{"title":"INTEGRATING LIDAR DATA, 2D HEC-RAS MODELING AND REMOTE SENSING TO DEVELOP FLOOD HAZARD MAPS DOWNSTREAM OF A LARGE RESERVOIR IN THE INNER EASTERN CARPATHIANS","authors":"D. Ciurte, Alin Mihu-Pintilie, A. Urzică, A. Grozavu","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2023/018/248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2023/018/248","url":null,"abstract":"The use of 1D, 2D, and 1D/2D modelling techniques to identify flood prone areas is a critical component of any flood hazard management project (e.g., APDF – action plan for dam failure) in the proximity of big dams and reservoirs. In this work, we manage to computed flood hazard models using 2D HEC-RAS module based on Digital Elevation Models (DEM’s) derived from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data and pre- and post-processed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-based software (e.g., ArcGIS, HEC-RAS). Therefore, to produce urban flood hazard (FH) maps downstream of the Strâmtori-Firiza reservoir (S-Fr) in NW Romania, a multi-scenario approach based on LiDAR-derived DEM integration, 2D hydraulic modeling, and remote sensing (RS) data validation is provided. In this context, to assess the flood control capacity (FCC) of the S-Fr hydro-technical system, three flood tests based on S-Fr flow rate with 5% (167 m3/s), 1% (270 m3/s) and 0.1% (447 m3/s) return periods were performed. The flood impact within the urban area of Baia Mare located downstream of S-Fr was achieved for each flood scenarios using four spatial data derived from the RAS Mapper module: flood extent (FE), flood depth (FD), flood velocity (FV) and flood hazard (FH). The results indicate that a large area of Baia Mare city can be affected by a potential flood caused by a dam failure and also contribute to the APDF update of S-Fr dam.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49620270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-07DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2023/018/249
Tomasz Olichwer
The hydrogeological characteristics of the two types of local groundwater reservoirs found in the Kłodzko Land (Sudetes) have been made based on the analysis of the discharge of springs in Szczytna and Różanka. In the first of these spring discharge points, water flows out of Upper Cretaceous sandstones and mudstones. The other spring is associated with fractured and weathered mica schists and gneisses. The Różanka spring characterized by greater discharge variability than the fissured porous outflow in Szczytna. The latter one, due to the slower rate of water filtration in the rock medium, belongs to stable springs in terms of discharge. The local groundwater reservoir located in sedimentary rocks characterized by a much higher value of the groundwater volume stored (264,000 m3) than the reservoir consisting of weathered and fractured crystalline rocks (1,918 m3). In the case of the reservoir draining by Szczytna spring, the rate of groundwater exchange in the active zones is about 66 weeks. A distinctly shorter time (12 weeks) is necessary to exchange water in the fractured crystalline bedrock. The hydraulic conductivity for the aquifers in Szczytna and Różanka, calculated based on the recession coefficient, differ substantially from each other. They are 4.64 and 24.9 m/d, respectively.
{"title":"HYDROGEOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF LOCAL GROUNDWATER RESERVOIRS IN THE KŁODZKO LAND (SUDETES - SW POLAND) BASED ON AN ANALYSIS OF THE DISCHARGES OF SPRINGS","authors":"Tomasz Olichwer","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2023/018/249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2023/018/249","url":null,"abstract":"The hydrogeological characteristics of the two types of local groundwater reservoirs found in the Kłodzko Land (Sudetes) have been made based on the analysis of the discharge of springs in Szczytna and Różanka. In the first of these spring discharge points, water flows out of Upper Cretaceous sandstones and mudstones. The other spring is associated with fractured and weathered mica schists and gneisses. The Różanka spring characterized by greater discharge variability than the fissured porous outflow in Szczytna. The latter one, due to the slower rate of water filtration in the rock medium, belongs to stable springs in terms of discharge. The local groundwater reservoir located in sedimentary rocks characterized by a much higher value of the groundwater volume stored (264,000 m3) than the reservoir consisting of weathered and fractured crystalline rocks (1,918 m3). In the case of the reservoir draining by Szczytna spring, the rate of groundwater exchange in the active zones is about 66 weeks. A distinctly shorter time (12 weeks) is necessary to exchange water in the fractured crystalline bedrock. The hydraulic conductivity for the aquifers in Szczytna and Różanka, calculated based on the recession coefficient, differ substantially from each other. They are 4.64 and 24.9 m/d, respectively.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48467104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-25DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2023/018/245
Cherifa Berkani, Mahrez Boulabeiz, Naouel Dali, A. Sedrati, Belgacem Houh
The use of groundwater in Bouhmama area for drinking and irrigation purposes has increased progressively over the past decade. The water quality of the aquifer has been significantly altered by anthropogenic activity, such as the extensive use of chemical fertilizers. This research intends to enhance our understanding of the hydrogeochemical function of the Mellagou aquifer in the Bouhmama area in northeastern Algeria. It contributes to the identification of the phenomena affecting the mineralization and the mechanisms of salinization of groundwater. A total of 15 groundwater samples were collected during the rainy seasons in 2022 distributed in the study area. In order to performed the results obtained this study used hydrochemical diagram (Piper, Schoeller, Stiff, Stabler, and Wilcox diagrams), thermodynamic models (saturation indexes), and statistical method (PCA). Three chemical facies with a predominance of the calcic bicarbonate facies reflect the influence of intercalations within the bicarbonate sedimentary formations. Groundwater mineralization is mainly governed by the dissolution and the precipitation of minerals (gypsum and halite, calcite and dolomite), Base Exchange, and anthropogenic activities. The results acquired by PCA show that the variables controlling water mineralization are Cl-, Na+, and K+.
{"title":"HYDROGEOCHEMICAL MODELING OF GROUNDWATER OF THE QUATERNARY AQUIFER IN MELLAGOU VALLEY -BOUHMAMA- (NORTHEASTERN ALGERIA)","authors":"Cherifa Berkani, Mahrez Boulabeiz, Naouel Dali, A. Sedrati, Belgacem Houh","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2023/018/245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2023/018/245","url":null,"abstract":"The use of groundwater in Bouhmama area for drinking and irrigation purposes has increased progressively over the past decade. The water quality of the aquifer has been significantly altered by anthropogenic activity, such as the extensive use of chemical fertilizers. This research intends to enhance our understanding of the hydrogeochemical function of the Mellagou aquifer in the Bouhmama area in northeastern Algeria. It contributes to the identification of the phenomena affecting the mineralization and the mechanisms of salinization of groundwater. A total of 15 groundwater samples were collected during the rainy seasons in 2022 distributed in the study area. In order to performed the results obtained this study used hydrochemical diagram (Piper, Schoeller, Stiff, Stabler, and Wilcox diagrams), thermodynamic models (saturation indexes), and statistical method (PCA). Three chemical facies with a predominance of the calcic bicarbonate facies reflect the influence of intercalations within the bicarbonate sedimentary formations. Groundwater mineralization is mainly governed by the dissolution and the precipitation of minerals (gypsum and halite, calcite and dolomite), Base Exchange, and anthropogenic activities. The results acquired by PCA show that the variables controlling water mineralization are Cl-, Na+, and K+.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47397291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-25DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2023/018/244
Anca Seserman, S. Mare, S. Loghin
Hypichnia with Strobilorharphe, Megagrapton, Spirodesmos, Helminthopsis, Treptichnus, and the elite Paleodictyon, representative for „deep-sea farmers” (graphoglyptides) of the Paleodictyon ichnosubfacies, belonging to Nereites ichnofacies is described in Lower-Middle Eocene flysch deposits of Tarcău Nappe (in the north of Eastern Carpathians). The Paleodictyon is preserved as three superimposed networks, covering a half square meter of lower bounding surface of a Tc bed, indicating a quasi-nonerosive character of the turbidity current which exhumed the pre-depositional delicate farming traces. This paleoenvironment is supported by the agglutinated foraminifera, dominated by tubular forms (Bathysiphon sp., Psammosiphonella cylindrica, Nothia excelsa) collected from shale the above and below turbidite bed, accumulated in relative quiet intervals, depleted of nutrients and oxygen. Such conditions may exist in offshore, where organisms develop highly organized feeding strategies.
{"title":"PALEODICTYON ASSEMBLAGE FROM FRASIN, SUCEAVA COUNTY (EASTERN CARPATHIANS, ROMANIA)","authors":"Anca Seserman, S. Mare, S. Loghin","doi":"10.26471/cjees/2023/018/244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2023/018/244","url":null,"abstract":"Hypichnia with Strobilorharphe, Megagrapton, Spirodesmos, Helminthopsis, Treptichnus, and the elite Paleodictyon, representative for „deep-sea farmers” (graphoglyptides) of the Paleodictyon ichnosubfacies, belonging to Nereites ichnofacies is described in Lower-Middle Eocene flysch deposits of Tarcău Nappe (in the north of Eastern Carpathians). The Paleodictyon is preserved as three superimposed networks, covering a half square meter of lower bounding surface of a Tc bed, indicating a quasi-nonerosive character of the turbidity current which exhumed the pre-depositional delicate farming traces. This paleoenvironment is supported by the agglutinated foraminifera, dominated by tubular forms (Bathysiphon sp., Psammosiphonella cylindrica, Nothia excelsa) collected from shale the above and below turbidite bed, accumulated in relative quiet intervals, depleted of nutrients and oxygen. Such conditions may exist in offshore, where organisms develop highly organized feeding strategies.","PeriodicalId":55272,"journal":{"name":"Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47877239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-25DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2023/018/237
M. Mîndrescu, Ancuta Petras, Vanessa Py-Saragaglia, Cécile Brun, Ionela Grădinaru, Nicolaie Hodor, Aurelian-Nicolae Roman, M. Danu
Fires influence basic ecosystem processes, including the distribution, the structure and the composition of vegetation, as well as the carbon cycle and climate at the global scale. Long-term knowledge (i.e., centuries or millennia) of fire regime history and forest fire ecology and dynamic in local environments is necessary for sustainable ecosystem management and biodiversity conservation strategies. Charcoal is a widely used proxy for reconstructing fire regime history and vegetation burning. Charcoal analysis is based on the accumulation of charred particles in depositional environments such as lakes and bogs, during and shortly after the occurrence of fire events. Ombrotrophic peat bogs are sensitive to local environmental changes and, given that the deposition of allochthonous material is exclusively atmospheric, they are ideal archives for reconstructing charcoal fluxes resulting from biomass burning. This study quantifies charcoal abundance (number) in a peat sequence extracted from Tăul Mare ombrotrophic peat bog (Văratec Massif, Lăpuş Mts, north-western Romania) aiming to reconstruct local fire history over the last 3000 years and to explore potential drivers. As a novelty, observations concerning the morphology of charred fragments are added to provide additional information on the type of material burnt (woody vegetation or herbs), fire severity and charcoal source area, thus strengthening the interpretation of the charcoal record. Results showed moderate fire activity between 3000 and 2300 cal yr BP, which slightly decreased between 2300 and 700 cal yr BP and varied considerably throughout the last 700 years. Several major fire episodes were further identified around 2500, 1700, 1300, 900 and 500 cal yr BP. Of these, the first four overlapped two phases of progressive landscape opening and extension of pastoral activities, while the latter was unprecedented in the entire history of the bog and was likely associated with the development of mining activities in the area. This study provides the first complementary use of charcoal morphologies in fire history reconstruction in Romania and adds a valuable perspective on the extent of past human impact on the mid-elevation mountain landscape.
火灾影响基本的生态系统过程，包括植被的分布、结构和组成，以及全球范围内的碳循环和气候。对于可持续的生态系统管理和生物多样性保护战略来说，有必要长期了解（即数百年或数千年）火情历史、森林火灾生态和当地环境的动态。木炭是重建火情历史和植被燃烧的一种广泛使用的替代品。木炭分析是基于火灾事件发生期间和发生后不久，湖泊和沼泽等沉积环境中烧焦颗粒的积累。大气营养泥炭沼泽对当地环境变化很敏感，而且考虑到外来物质的沉积完全是大气的，它们是重建生物质燃烧产生的木炭通量的理想档案。这项研究量化了从Tăul Mare ombrotophic泥炭沼泽（罗马尼亚西北部的Văratec Massif，LăpuşMts）提取的泥炭序列中的木炭丰度（数量），旨在重建当地过去3000年的火灾历史，并探索潜在的驱动因素。作为一项创新，增加了关于烧焦碎片形态的观察，以提供关于燃烧材料类型（木本植被或草本植物）、火灾严重程度和木炭来源区域的额外信息，从而加强了对木炭记录的解释。结果显示，3000至2300卡年BP之间的火灾活动中等，2300至700卡年BP期间略有下降，在过去700年中变化很大。英国石油公司在2500、1700、1300、900和500卡年左右进一步确认了几起重大火灾。其中，前四个阶段重叠了渐进式景观开放和田园活动扩展的两个阶段，而后者在整个沼泽历史上是前所未有的，可能与该地区采矿活动的发展有关。这项研究首次在罗马尼亚的火灾历史重建中补充使用木炭形态，并为过去人类对中海拔山区景观的影响程度提供了一个有价值的视角。
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Pub Date : 2023-01-25DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2023/018/240
S. Matei, G. Matei, S. Dumitru, V. Mocanu
Active C, as a measure of the level of chemical oxidation of organic matter, reflects the carbon available to microorganisms. Soil respiration, as a direct way to estimate edaphic microbial activity, could be a measure of the fluctuations of carbon stocks in soils. To determine the ability of soil respiration to evaluate such fluctuations we used soils with an increased content of organic carbon, constant optimal conditions, to eliminate the disturbing factors, analyzed in a short period of time. The influence of the specific decomposition rates of these soils was assessed by both spot determinations of soil respiration and analyzing the flux of CO2 from ex situ soil samples, under standard experimental conditions, to highlight carbon storage in such soils. Reference data can be accumulated through the analysis of these parameters, which compared with the results of quantitative/qualitative determinations regarding the changes in the content of microbial biomass, the content of fulvic sub-fractions, the fluorescence of dissolved organic material and the evolution of the content of siderophores, could be considered, by their own evolutions, as arguments in sustaining the use of respiration in the efficient estimation of carbon storage evolution in the soils. The analyses of these parameters were carried out in two phases, for comparing initial and final data of experiment (after 30 days). The soils had different levels of the respiration potential between phases. The level of soil respiration was reduced in time between 4.27-14.60%, in each soil. The CO2 flux showed, in time, a continuous decreasing trend in both soils. In the case of Mollic Histic Gleysol (Salinic), the coefficient of determination has the value R2=0.92 for the flux determined in the final phase. The levels of microbial biomass of both soils were increased significantly at the end of the experiment. In the case of Mollic Histic Gleysol (Salinic), microbial biomass increased from 456±23.12 μgC∙g-1 to 514±24.57 μgC∙g-1 soil. The fulvic sub-fractions A-D of both soils revealed significant accumulates of soluble organic compounds, with different molecular weights and complexity levels, after 30 days of incubations in standard conditions. The fluorescent components present in the water-extractable organic matter were highlighted by imagistic method. The highest degree of storages of newly bio-synthesized compounds of carbon was registered in organic matter of Mollic Histic Gleysol (Salinic). The intensity of siderophores biosynthesis increased over time, starting from an initial lower presence in the Mollic Gleysol (Salinic) (with Ø 11 mm halo), which were followed by an increasing of siderophores content and availability of iron, at the end of the experimental period. Accumulations of siderophores in the Mollic Histic Gleysol (Salinic) determined a Ø 31 mm halo diameter.
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