Pub Date : 2021-09-28DOI: 10.1080/07011784.2021.1973568
R. Brouwer, Rute Pinto
Abstract Three decades of non-market water quality valuation (NMWQV) studies in Canada are analyzed to generate a generic benefits transfer function. Contrary to the large valuation literature focusing on water and wilderness-based recreation in Canada, the number of studies related to water quality is limited. NMWQV studies lack a common design, including consistent adherence to a Canada-specific water quality ladder (WQL). Despite the high degree of data heterogeneity, values extracted from the literature show an increasing step function when relating them to the Resources for the Future WQL. Meta-regression models (MRMs) explain a large share of the variation in value estimates based on the type of water resources, population and methodological characteristics. Baseline water quality and the size of the water quality change are significant determinants of the estimated non-market values. With a relative mean prediction error of no more than 20 percent, the predictive power of the estimated MRMs is high. As such, they are an important step forward in the development of a policy-relevant water quality valuation model. However, there is a clear need for the development of more coherent non-market valuation guidelines in the Canadian water context.
{"title":"How much are Canadians willing to pay for clean surface and ground water? A meta-analysis of the Canadian non-market valuation literature","authors":"R. Brouwer, Rute Pinto","doi":"10.1080/07011784.2021.1973568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2021.1973568","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Three decades of non-market water quality valuation (NMWQV) studies in Canada are analyzed to generate a generic benefits transfer function. Contrary to the large valuation literature focusing on water and wilderness-based recreation in Canada, the number of studies related to water quality is limited. NMWQV studies lack a common design, including consistent adherence to a Canada-specific water quality ladder (WQL). Despite the high degree of data heterogeneity, values extracted from the literature show an increasing step function when relating them to the Resources for the Future WQL. Meta-regression models (MRMs) explain a large share of the variation in value estimates based on the type of water resources, population and methodological characteristics. Baseline water quality and the size of the water quality change are significant determinants of the estimated non-market values. With a relative mean prediction error of no more than 20 percent, the predictive power of the estimated MRMs is high. As such, they are an important step forward in the development of a policy-relevant water quality valuation model. However, there is a clear need for the development of more coherent non-market valuation guidelines in the Canadian water context.","PeriodicalId":55278,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Water Resources Journal","volume":"46 1","pages":"207 - 228"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42153420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.1080/07011784.2021.1957718
S. Renzetti, J. I. Price, D. Dupont, A. Mazumder
Abstract Water quality indices are employed by governments largely as a means of communicating the multifaceted nature of water quality and aquatic ecosystem health to the general public. Given the complexity of responsibility for oversight of freshwater quality in Canada, the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) has developed an index based on the severity, frequency, and scope of water impairment. An important feature, and potential shortcoming, of this approach is that the three attributes of water quality are weighted equally. If households, however, weight these attributes differently, then the index’s ability to convey information to the public may be weakened. This issue is examined by eliciting household preferences for a hypothetical water quality protection program that reduces the severity and frequency of impairment using a discrete choice experiment (issues of scope are not included in the analysis). Latent class and mixed logit models are estimated. The latent class models, which outperform the mixed logit, indicate the presence of two preference classes that hold dramatically different preferences for benefits of the protection program. While one group of respondents is unresponsive to the severity and frequency of impairment, there is evidence that the other group may assign different weights to the attributes. These findings suggest the CCME index could convey different information to the two groups.
{"title":"Testing household preferences for the importance of the frequency and severity of water quality impairment","authors":"S. Renzetti, J. I. Price, D. Dupont, A. Mazumder","doi":"10.1080/07011784.2021.1957718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2021.1957718","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Water quality indices are employed by governments largely as a means of communicating the multifaceted nature of water quality and aquatic ecosystem health to the general public. Given the complexity of responsibility for oversight of freshwater quality in Canada, the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) has developed an index based on the severity, frequency, and scope of water impairment. An important feature, and potential shortcoming, of this approach is that the three attributes of water quality are weighted equally. If households, however, weight these attributes differently, then the index’s ability to convey information to the public may be weakened. This issue is examined by eliciting household preferences for a hypothetical water quality protection program that reduces the severity and frequency of impairment using a discrete choice experiment (issues of scope are not included in the analysis). Latent class and mixed logit models are estimated. The latent class models, which outperform the mixed logit, indicate the presence of two preference classes that hold dramatically different preferences for benefits of the protection program. While one group of respondents is unresponsive to the severity and frequency of impairment, there is evidence that the other group may assign different weights to the attributes. These findings suggest the CCME index could convey different information to the two groups.","PeriodicalId":55278,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Water Resources Journal","volume":"46 1","pages":"153 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47830172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-30DOI: 10.1080/07011784.2021.1961610
M. A. Bessar, G. Choné, A. Lavoie, T. Buffin‐Bélanger, P. Biron, P. Matte, F. Anctil
Abstract Floods are among natural disasters that increasingly threaten society, especially with current and future climate change trends. Several tools have been developed to help planners manage the risks associated to flooding, including the mapping of flood-prone areas, but one of the major challenges is still the availability of detailed data, particularly bathymetry. This manuscript compares two modeling approaches to produce flood maps. An innovative large-scale approach that, without bathymetric data, estimates by inverse modeling the bed section for a given flow and a given roughness coefficient through 1 D/2D hydraulic modeling (LISFLOOD-FP). And a local approach, with a detailed coupled 1 D/2D hydraulic model (HEC-RAS) that uses all available information at the bed and floodplain (LiDAR and bathymetry). Both implementations revealed good performance values for flood peak levels as well as excellent fit indices in describing the areal extent of flooding. As expected, the local approach is more accurate, but the results of the large-scale approach are very promising especially for areas lacking bathymetric data and for large-scale governmental programs.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of local and large-scale approaches to floodplain mapping: a case study of the Chaudière River","authors":"M. A. Bessar, G. Choné, A. Lavoie, T. Buffin‐Bélanger, P. Biron, P. Matte, F. Anctil","doi":"10.1080/07011784.2021.1961610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2021.1961610","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Floods are among natural disasters that increasingly threaten society, especially with current and future climate change trends. Several tools have been developed to help planners manage the risks associated to flooding, including the mapping of flood-prone areas, but one of the major challenges is still the availability of detailed data, particularly bathymetry. This manuscript compares two modeling approaches to produce flood maps. An innovative large-scale approach that, without bathymetric data, estimates by inverse modeling the bed section for a given flow and a given roughness coefficient through 1 D/2D hydraulic modeling (LISFLOOD-FP). And a local approach, with a detailed coupled 1 D/2D hydraulic model (HEC-RAS) that uses all available information at the bed and floodplain (LiDAR and bathymetry). Both implementations revealed good performance values for flood peak levels as well as excellent fit indices in describing the areal extent of flooding. As expected, the local approach is more accurate, but the results of the large-scale approach are very promising especially for areas lacking bathymetric data and for large-scale governmental programs.","PeriodicalId":55278,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Water Resources Journal","volume":"46 1","pages":"194 - 206"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45150575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-16DOI: 10.1080/07011784.2022.2032367
F. Robinne, C. Paquette, D. Hallema, K. Bladon, M. Parisien
As the pressures on water supply from shifting forest disturbance regimes continue to escalate, researchers are being asked to answer increasingly complex questions. However, many questions in wildfire-watershed risk (WWR) research remained unaddressed due to a paucity of relevant datasets. There are, indeed, many fundamental processes we do not understand that require additional data collection to develop risk management frameworks. As such, WWR researchers and managers face a paradox in their need to address critical questions important for the sustainability of socio-hydrological systems while dealing with incomplete information. In many cases, this leads to valuable research ideas being discarded on the account of limited data availability. However, imperfect, incomplete, or limited data should not deter researchers and managers from performing analyses to assess risk. In fact, such analyses improve the research benefit-to-cost ratio of existing data, help unravel gaps in data sources, enable generation of new hypotheses, and highlight where data availability and openness can be improved. If we do not use what we have, how can we know what we need? This issue is of particular interest in Canada, where baseline WWR information for the entire country is generally missing, despite growing concerns about water security in the face of a shifting wildfire regimes. In this commentary, we (a) identify several relevant open geospatial datasets, (b) illustrate how these datasets can be leveraged to produce simple yet relevant risk information, (c) identify some high priority data gaps that require immediate attention, and (d) discuss future avenues towards the creation of baseline Pan-Canadian WWR information.
{"title":"Baseline geographic information on wildfire-watershed risk in Canada: needs, gaps, and opportunities","authors":"F. Robinne, C. Paquette, D. Hallema, K. Bladon, M. Parisien","doi":"10.1080/07011784.2022.2032367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2022.2032367","url":null,"abstract":"As the pressures on water supply from shifting forest disturbance regimes continue to escalate, researchers are being asked to answer increasingly complex questions. However, many questions in wildfire-watershed risk (WWR) research remained unaddressed due to a paucity of relevant datasets. There are, indeed, many fundamental processes we do not understand that require additional data collection to develop risk management frameworks. As such, WWR researchers and managers face a paradox in their need to address critical questions important for the sustainability of socio-hydrological systems while dealing with incomplete information. In many cases, this leads to valuable research ideas being discarded on the account of limited data availability. However, imperfect, incomplete, or limited data should not deter researchers and managers from performing analyses to assess risk. In fact, such analyses improve the research benefit-to-cost ratio of existing data, help unravel gaps in data sources, enable generation of new hypotheses, and highlight where data availability and openness can be improved. If we do not use what we have, how can we know what we need? This issue is of particular interest in Canada, where baseline WWR information for the entire country is generally missing, despite growing concerns about water security in the face of a shifting wildfire regimes. In this commentary, we (a) identify several relevant open geospatial datasets, (b) illustrate how these datasets can be leveraged to produce simple yet relevant risk information, (c) identify some high priority data gaps that require immediate attention, and (d) discuss future avenues towards the creation of baseline Pan-Canadian WWR information.","PeriodicalId":55278,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Water Resources Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":"1 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42055128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/07011784.2021.1931458
Bryan J. Mood, Dan Smith
Abstract Recent summer water shortages in Metro Vancouver are the result of unanticipated changes in the timing of regional snowmelt and rising summer temperatures. Continuing shortfalls over the next century would pose a significant challenge for water supply management decisions. To understand the magnitude of recent drought events in the context of those that happened in the past, we developed a tree-ring reconstruction of regionalised July–August streamflow to 1711 for Metro Vancouver’s Capilano and Seymour watersheds. We used the annual tree-ring widths of mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr.) and Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis Douglas ex J. Forbes) trees exhibiting a relationship to the seasonal snowpack as proxies for the nival component of streamflow in a regression model. The model indicates that more multi-year, below-average, streamflow departures occurred during the instrumental record than over the 1711–1992 reconstruction period. The El Niño-Southern Oscillation was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with both reconstructed and measured streamflow for the study region. Similarly, seasonal Pacific Decadal Oscillation demonstrated strong statistical relationships (p < 0.05) with measured streamflow. Over the duration of the reconstruction, significant decadal and multi-decadal periodicities were also observed. The research places the Metro Vancouver water supply in a longer-term context than was previously possible and offers a basis for advancing water supply planning decisions in the context of a rapidly changing climate. RÉSUMÉ Les récentes pénuries d'eau estivales dans la région métropolitaine de Vancouver sont le résultat de changements imprévus dans le moment de la fonte des neiges dans la région et de la hausse des températures estivales. Les insuffisances persistantes au cours du siècle prochain poseraient un grand défi pour les décisions de gestion de l'approvisionnement en eau. Pour comprendre l’ampleur des récentes sécheresses dans le contexte de celles du passé, nous avons développé une reconstitution dendrochronologique de l’écoulement fluvial de juillet à août jusqu'en 1711, régionalisé pour les bassins hydrographiques Capilano et Seymour de la région métropolitaine de Vancouver. Nous avons utilisé les largeurs annuelles des cernes d'arbres de la pruche subalpine (Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr.) et du sapin gracieux (Abies amabilis Douglas ex J.Forbes), des arbres qui présentes une relation avec le manteau neigeux saisonnier comme indicateurs de la composante nivale de l'écoulement fluvial dans un modèle de régression. Le modèle indique qu'il y a eu plus de départs d'écoulement fluvial pluriannuels inférieurs à la moyenne pendant l'enregistrement instrumental que pendant la période de reconstruction de 1711 à 1992. L'oscillation australe d’El Niño (ENSO) était significativement (p < 0.05) associée à la fois a l’écoulement fluviale reconstruit et mesuré pour la région d'étude. Similairement, il y avait
温哥华大都会最近的夏季水位下降是区域降雪时间和夏季气温上升的意外变化的结果。下个世纪持续的短缺将给供水管理决策带来重大挑战。为了在过去发生的思想背景下理解最近干旱事件的规模，我们为温哥华地铁的卡皮拉诺和西摩流域开发了1711年7月至8月区域化水流的树圈重建。我们使用了山铁杉（Tsuga mertensiana（Bong.）Carr.）的年轮宽度太平洋银冷杉（冷杉Amabilis Douglas ex J.Forbes）树木与季节性积雪有关系，作为回归模型中流流雪成分的代理。该模型表明，与1711-1992年重建期相比，乐器记录期间发生的流速比平均值以下多多年。厄尔尼诺-南方涛动与研究区域重建和测量的水流显著相关（p<0.05）。类似地，季节性太平洋十年振荡显示了强统计关系（p<0.05）和测量的流量。在重建期间，还观察到显著的十年和多年周期。该研究将温哥华地铁供水置于比以前更为可能的长期背景下，并为在快速变化的气候背景下推进供水规划决策提供了基础。摘要：大温哥华地区最近的夏季缺水是由于该地区融雪时间的意外变化和夏季气温上升。下个世纪持续存在的不足将对供水管理决策构成重大挑战。为了在过去干旱的背景下了解最近干旱的程度，我们开发了1711年7月至8月期间河流流量的树木年代学重建，并对大温哥华地区的卡皮拉诺和西摩流域进行了区域化。我们使用了亚高山铁杉（Tsuga mertensiana（Bong.）Carr.）的年轮宽度。以及优雅的冷杉（冷杉amabilis Douglas ex J.Forbes），这些树木在回归模型中显示出与季节性积雪的关系，作为河流流量的雪成分指标。该模型表明，与1711年至1992年重建期间相比，仪器记录期间的多年流量低于平均水平。厄尔尼诺南方涛动（ENSO）与研究区域的重建和测量流量显著相关（p<0.05）。类似地，季节性太平洋十年振荡（PDO）与测量的河流流量之间存在深刻的统计关系（p<0.05）。在重建过程中，还观察到显著的十年和几十年周期。这项研究将大温哥华地区的供水置于比以前更长期的背景下，并为在快速变化的气候中推进供水规划决策提供了基础。
{"title":"A multi-century July-August streamflow reconstruction of Metro Vancouver's water supply contribution from the Capilano and Seymour watersheds in southwestern British Columbia, Canada","authors":"Bryan J. Mood, Dan Smith","doi":"10.1080/07011784.2021.1931458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2021.1931458","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recent summer water shortages in Metro Vancouver are the result of unanticipated changes in the timing of regional snowmelt and rising summer temperatures. Continuing shortfalls over the next century would pose a significant challenge for water supply management decisions. To understand the magnitude of recent drought events in the context of those that happened in the past, we developed a tree-ring reconstruction of regionalised July–August streamflow to 1711 for Metro Vancouver’s Capilano and Seymour watersheds. We used the annual tree-ring widths of mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr.) and Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis Douglas ex J. Forbes) trees exhibiting a relationship to the seasonal snowpack as proxies for the nival component of streamflow in a regression model. The model indicates that more multi-year, below-average, streamflow departures occurred during the instrumental record than over the 1711–1992 reconstruction period. The El Niño-Southern Oscillation was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with both reconstructed and measured streamflow for the study region. Similarly, seasonal Pacific Decadal Oscillation demonstrated strong statistical relationships (p < 0.05) with measured streamflow. Over the duration of the reconstruction, significant decadal and multi-decadal periodicities were also observed. The research places the Metro Vancouver water supply in a longer-term context than was previously possible and offers a basis for advancing water supply planning decisions in the context of a rapidly changing climate. RÉSUMÉ Les récentes pénuries d'eau estivales dans la région métropolitaine de Vancouver sont le résultat de changements imprévus dans le moment de la fonte des neiges dans la région et de la hausse des températures estivales. Les insuffisances persistantes au cours du siècle prochain poseraient un grand défi pour les décisions de gestion de l'approvisionnement en eau. Pour comprendre l’ampleur des récentes sécheresses dans le contexte de celles du passé, nous avons développé une reconstitution dendrochronologique de l’écoulement fluvial de juillet à août jusqu'en 1711, régionalisé pour les bassins hydrographiques Capilano et Seymour de la région métropolitaine de Vancouver. Nous avons utilisé les largeurs annuelles des cernes d'arbres de la pruche subalpine (Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr.) et du sapin gracieux (Abies amabilis Douglas ex J.Forbes), des arbres qui présentes une relation avec le manteau neigeux saisonnier comme indicateurs de la composante nivale de l'écoulement fluvial dans un modèle de régression. Le modèle indique qu'il y a eu plus de départs d'écoulement fluvial pluriannuels inférieurs à la moyenne pendant l'enregistrement instrumental que pendant la période de reconstruction de 1711 à 1992. L'oscillation australe d’El Niño (ENSO) était significativement (p < 0.05) associée à la fois a l’écoulement fluviale reconstruit et mesuré pour la région d'étude. Similairement, il y avait ","PeriodicalId":55278,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Water Resources Journal","volume":"46 1","pages":"121 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07011784.2021.1931458","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45134800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-07DOI: 10.1080/07011784.2021.1930585
B. Mitchell, D. Shrubsole, N. Watson
Abstract Ontario Conservation Authorities (CAs) were established in 1946 as a partnership between the Ontario provincial government and municipalities. Initially, their purpose was to apply a catchment or watershed approach to provide services and programs to reduce risk from flooding and erosion through an integrated approach to water and land management. In 2021, there are 36 Conservation Authorities. We consider key changes the Ontario Government has initiated or will be initiating related to CAs which are: (1) The relevant provincial Minister will have authority to approve specific development proposals or for an entire class of permits for a specified period of time in areas within CAs, even if the CAs oppose such development because the proposals involve areas vulnerable to flooding or other related hazards; and (2) Applicants for development permits will be able to appeal directly to the Provincial Minister and also the Local Planning Appeal Tribunal (LPAT) if their application is turned down by the Hearing Board of the relevant CA. This commentary describes key issues that have been historically noted as ‘problematic’ for previous and the current Provincial Governments, and shares information and insight on those matters. The conclusion considers whether the changes represent an end, an evolution, an interlude (an intervening period, an opportunity to recalibrate or refocus) or an epiphany (a moment of insight or understanding), or some combination thereof, for the CAs.
{"title":"Ontario conservation authorities – end, evolve, interlude or epiphany?","authors":"B. Mitchell, D. Shrubsole, N. Watson","doi":"10.1080/07011784.2021.1930585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2021.1930585","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ontario Conservation Authorities (CAs) were established in 1946 as a partnership between the Ontario provincial government and municipalities. Initially, their purpose was to apply a catchment or watershed approach to provide services and programs to reduce risk from flooding and erosion through an integrated approach to water and land management. In 2021, there are 36 Conservation Authorities. We consider key changes the Ontario Government has initiated or will be initiating related to CAs which are: (1) The relevant provincial Minister will have authority to approve specific development proposals or for an entire class of permits for a specified period of time in areas within CAs, even if the CAs oppose such development because the proposals involve areas vulnerable to flooding or other related hazards; and (2) Applicants for development permits will be able to appeal directly to the Provincial Minister and also the Local Planning Appeal Tribunal (LPAT) if their application is turned down by the Hearing Board of the relevant CA. This commentary describes key issues that have been historically noted as ‘problematic’ for previous and the current Provincial Governments, and shares information and insight on those matters. The conclusion considers whether the changes represent an end, an evolution, an interlude (an intervening period, an opportunity to recalibrate or refocus) or an epiphany (a moment of insight or understanding), or some combination thereof, for the CAs.","PeriodicalId":55278,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Water Resources Journal","volume":"46 1","pages":"139 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07011784.2021.1930585","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46853992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-20DOI: 10.1080/07011784.2021.1924080
David Lembcke, Lance P Aspden, M. Marchildon, S. Murray, B. Ginn
Abstract To date, environmental flow strategies have predominantly been used in cases where a lack of available water has degraded the ecological quality and natural functioning of a river system. In this study, we used environmental flows on an urbanized watershed where flow volumes and flow rates have increased, and large (e.g. 100-year) event return periods become more frequent (∼10 years). Using an environmental flows strategy to model the amount of hydrological alteration, we assessed whether urban development and land cover changes have impacted the flow regime and the ecological health of this watershed. We reconstructed the flow regime at Lovers Creek (Barrie, Ontario, Canada) using three scenarios of urban development: a pre-settlement reference condition with 100% natural cover, mid-development with 6% urban cover and the current condition with 21% urban cover. We found that, in contrast to many other studies, increased urban cover has coincided with increased baseflow volumes, as well as increased volumes in other components of the flow regime. Of particular concern were the increased flow rate and volume of large events such as channel forming and riparian flows; an increased rate of change in event hydrographs, and a much shorter return period of large event storms (e.g. a 100-year event under reference conditions, is now a 10-year event in the current urbanized condition). In this watershed, restoration of flow to the reference condition is not practical; however, using improved stormwater management such as low-impact development technologies and green infrastructure may offset some of the alteration to the flow regime and mitigate future further alterations due to increased urbanization. As Lovers Creek has been identified as a critical coldwater stream habitat with brook trout, the results of this study are being used to assess changes in the ecological health due to increased urban cover, and to develop management strategies that assist in restoring a more natural flow regime in order to better protect both natural habitats and human infrastructure that are vulnerable to flooding caused by more frequent, increased volume flow events.
{"title":"Testing a modified environmental flows framework for a Southern Ontario (Canada) river system: assessing hydrological alteration and management recommendations","authors":"David Lembcke, Lance P Aspden, M. Marchildon, S. Murray, B. Ginn","doi":"10.1080/07011784.2021.1924080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2021.1924080","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To date, environmental flow strategies have predominantly been used in cases where a lack of available water has degraded the ecological quality and natural functioning of a river system. In this study, we used environmental flows on an urbanized watershed where flow volumes and flow rates have increased, and large (e.g. 100-year) event return periods become more frequent (∼10 years). Using an environmental flows strategy to model the amount of hydrological alteration, we assessed whether urban development and land cover changes have impacted the flow regime and the ecological health of this watershed. We reconstructed the flow regime at Lovers Creek (Barrie, Ontario, Canada) using three scenarios of urban development: a pre-settlement reference condition with 100% natural cover, mid-development with 6% urban cover and the current condition with 21% urban cover. We found that, in contrast to many other studies, increased urban cover has coincided with increased baseflow volumes, as well as increased volumes in other components of the flow regime. Of particular concern were the increased flow rate and volume of large events such as channel forming and riparian flows; an increased rate of change in event hydrographs, and a much shorter return period of large event storms (e.g. a 100-year event under reference conditions, is now a 10-year event in the current urbanized condition). In this watershed, restoration of flow to the reference condition is not practical; however, using improved stormwater management such as low-impact development technologies and green infrastructure may offset some of the alteration to the flow regime and mitigate future further alterations due to increased urbanization. As Lovers Creek has been identified as a critical coldwater stream habitat with brook trout, the results of this study are being used to assess changes in the ecological health due to increased urban cover, and to develop management strategies that assist in restoring a more natural flow regime in order to better protect both natural habitats and human infrastructure that are vulnerable to flooding caused by more frequent, increased volume flow events.","PeriodicalId":55278,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Water Resources Journal","volume":"46 1","pages":"105 - 120"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07011784.2021.1924080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43033768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/07011784.2021.1935720
{"title":"List of reviewers for papers received in 2020","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/07011784.2021.1935720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2021.1935720","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55278,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Water Resources Journal","volume":"46 1","pages":"i - i"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07011784.2021.1935720","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48065989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/07011784.2021.1909501
A. I. Requena, D. Burn, P. Coulibaly
ABSTRACT Intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves need to be reliable to serve as a relevant tool in preventing or reducing potential damage to society. This often requires accounting for the effect of climate change due to evidence of its effect on extreme precipitation. There is a large number of approaches for IDF curve estimation under climate change in the literature; however, a general framework with practical guidelines for facilitating their application by practitioners is not readily available. The aim of the present study is to provide practical guidelines and recommendations for helping federal and provincial agencies, as well as others who might produce practice guidelines, to develop standardized procedures for the estimation of future IDF curves in Canada that can then be used by practitioners in infrastructure design, management and risk assessment. This is done by gathering and summarizing findings in rainfall frequency analysis from the Canadian FloodNet Research Group, under a practically oriented perspective. Technical recommendations are presented within a methodological framework to facilitate understanding; decision-making procedure-specific flowcharts are provided to facilitate their application. The proposed methodological framework is based on the use of pooled frequency analysis for reasonable estimation of extreme rainfall intensities, and on the estimation of gridded relative changes for IDF updates under climate change following different approaches depending on rain gauge network density. In particular, three methods that do not compete against each other but rather are different methodologies to be applied depending on the case study are proposed: pooled estimation of extreme rainfall in Canada (Method I), gridded relative changes in 24-h extreme rainfall intensities in Canada (Method II) and gridded relative changes in 24-h and sub-daily extreme rainfall intensities in regions of Canada with a relatively high station density (Method III).
{"title":"Technical guidelines for future intensity–duration–frequency curve estimation in Canada","authors":"A. I. Requena, D. Burn, P. Coulibaly","doi":"10.1080/07011784.2021.1909501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2021.1909501","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves need to be reliable to serve as a relevant tool in preventing or reducing potential damage to society. This often requires accounting for the effect of climate change due to evidence of its effect on extreme precipitation. There is a large number of approaches for IDF curve estimation under climate change in the literature; however, a general framework with practical guidelines for facilitating their application by practitioners is not readily available. The aim of the present study is to provide practical guidelines and recommendations for helping federal and provincial agencies, as well as others who might produce practice guidelines, to develop standardized procedures for the estimation of future IDF curves in Canada that can then be used by practitioners in infrastructure design, management and risk assessment. This is done by gathering and summarizing findings in rainfall frequency analysis from the Canadian FloodNet Research Group, under a practically oriented perspective. Technical recommendations are presented within a methodological framework to facilitate understanding; decision-making procedure-specific flowcharts are provided to facilitate their application. The proposed methodological framework is based on the use of pooled frequency analysis for reasonable estimation of extreme rainfall intensities, and on the estimation of gridded relative changes for IDF updates under climate change following different approaches depending on rain gauge network density. In particular, three methods that do not compete against each other but rather are different methodologies to be applied depending on the case study are proposed: pooled estimation of extreme rainfall in Canada (Method I), gridded relative changes in 24-h extreme rainfall intensities in Canada (Method II) and gridded relative changes in 24-h and sub-daily extreme rainfall intensities in regions of Canada with a relatively high station density (Method III).","PeriodicalId":55278,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Water Resources Journal","volume":"46 1","pages":"87 - 104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07011784.2021.1909501","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45782956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-22DOI: 10.1080/07011784.2021.1896390
Sunil Gurrapu, K. Hodder, D. Sauchyn, Jeannine‐Marie St. Jacques
Abstract Knowledge of present-day spatial and temporal distribution of water resources is vital for successful water management and policies for planned adaptation to climate change. Measured quantities of hydroclimatic variables, including precipitation, evapotranspiration, streamflow, etc., are the primary indicators of water availability, and indices derived using several such primary variables provide a means to express water availability across a range of spatio-temporal scales. In this study, the ability of one such multi-scalar index, the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), computed at a range of time scales, was examined to see how well it could model historically observed warm season monthly and annual streamflow in 24 natural-flowing watersheds of western Canada. The empirical relationships between the SPEI, computed at 1-, 3-, 6-, 9-, 12- and 24-month time scales, and monthly and annual streamflow were analyzed, showing significant correlations for all watersheds. The time scale of the SPEI with the strongest correlations varied seasonally. Based on these results, SPEI-based principal component regression (PCR) equations were calculated to model warm season monthly and annual historical streamflow. These PCR equations are able to adequately capture historical streamflow in these watersheds. Annual streamflow variability was better captured (mean = 0.46) than monthly variability (mean = 0.30 over March–October). Summer and fall streamflow variability was better captured (mean = 0.42 over June–September) than spring variability (mean = 0.15 over March–April).
{"title":"Assessment of the ability of the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) to model historical streamflow in watersheds of Western Canada","authors":"Sunil Gurrapu, K. Hodder, D. Sauchyn, Jeannine‐Marie St. Jacques","doi":"10.1080/07011784.2021.1896390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07011784.2021.1896390","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Knowledge of present-day spatial and temporal distribution of water resources is vital for successful water management and policies for planned adaptation to climate change. Measured quantities of hydroclimatic variables, including precipitation, evapotranspiration, streamflow, etc., are the primary indicators of water availability, and indices derived using several such primary variables provide a means to express water availability across a range of spatio-temporal scales. In this study, the ability of one such multi-scalar index, the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), computed at a range of time scales, was examined to see how well it could model historically observed warm season monthly and annual streamflow in 24 natural-flowing watersheds of western Canada. The empirical relationships between the SPEI, computed at 1-, 3-, 6-, 9-, 12- and 24-month time scales, and monthly and annual streamflow were analyzed, showing significant correlations for all watersheds. The time scale of the SPEI with the strongest correlations varied seasonally. Based on these results, SPEI-based principal component regression (PCR) equations were calculated to model warm season monthly and annual historical streamflow. These PCR equations are able to adequately capture historical streamflow in these watersheds. Annual streamflow variability was better captured (mean = 0.46) than monthly variability (mean = 0.30 over March–October). Summer and fall streamflow variability was better captured (mean = 0.42 over June–September) than spring variability (mean = 0.15 over March–April).","PeriodicalId":55278,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Water Resources Journal","volume":"46 1","pages":"52 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07011784.2021.1896390","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49063273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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