There is a large body of information on sexual reproduction in scleractinian corals, but regional gaps remain, especially in nonreefal coral communities. This study documented the reproductive patterns of 54 coral species in 23 genera and 8 families (41 hermaphroditic spawners, 10 gonochoric spawners, 2 hermaphroditic brooders, and 1 gonochoric brooder) in northern Taiwan by field observations and histological analysis, which indicated that they predominantly spawned in August while fewer spawned in July, September, and October. Based on the field observations, 50 species in 21 genera and 7 families spawned between 20:00 and 22:00 hrs for 5–8 consecutive nights after the full moon in July and August from 2013 to 2016. The spawning patterns varied profoundly in species and colony number from 2014 to 2016: 19 species (42 colonies) in 2014, 6 species (20 colonies) in 2015, and 33 species (120 colonies) in 2016. Most merulinid and lobophyllid corals were observed to spawn consistently over the three years, particularly Favites pentagona, and corals splitly spawned within the colony. Five coral species spawned bimonthly. Three brooding corals (Pocillopora damicornis, Stylophora pistillata, and Porites lichen) also sexually reproduced between summer and early fall. Through this study, we obtained a better understanding of spatial and temporal patterns of the sexual reproduction of corals in nonreefal coral communities. Furthermore, this research may have broader biogeological implications for the northwestern Pacific Ocean region.
{"title":"Multispecies spawning of scleractinian corals in nonreefal coral communities of northern Taiwan (northwestern Pacific Ocean)","authors":"Chieh-Jhen Chen, Wei‐Jen Chen, Ching-Fong Chang","doi":"10.5343/BMS.2020.0058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5343/BMS.2020.0058","url":null,"abstract":"There is a large body of information on sexual reproduction in scleractinian corals, but regional gaps remain, especially in nonreefal coral communities. This study documented the reproductive patterns of 54 coral species in 23 genera and 8 families (41 hermaphroditic spawners, 10 gonochoric spawners, 2 hermaphroditic brooders, and 1 gonochoric brooder) in northern Taiwan by field observations and histological analysis, which indicated that they predominantly spawned in August while fewer spawned in July, September, and October. Based on the field observations, 50 species in 21 genera and 7 families spawned between 20:00 and 22:00 hrs for 5–8 consecutive nights after the full moon in July and August from 2013 to 2016. The spawning patterns varied profoundly in species and colony number from 2014 to 2016: 19 species (42 colonies) in 2014, 6 species (20 colonies) in 2015, and 33 species (120 colonies) in 2016. Most merulinid and lobophyllid corals were observed to spawn consistently over the three years, particularly Favites pentagona, and corals splitly spawned within the colony. Five coral species spawned bimonthly. Three brooding corals (Pocillopora damicornis, Stylophora pistillata, and Porites lichen) also sexually reproduced between summer and early fall. Through this study, we obtained a better understanding of spatial and temporal patterns of the sexual reproduction of corals in nonreefal coral communities. Furthermore, this research may have broader biogeological implications for the northwestern Pacific Ocean region.","PeriodicalId":55312,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70882959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fisheries enhancement initiatives including marine stocking and artificial reef deployments are becoming increasingly common in many parts of the world. Combining the two by releasing hatchery reared fish onto artificial reefs is used in sea-ranching operations but is an approach rarely adopted for recreational fisheries. Yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) form a valuable recreational fishery in Australia and in 2018 a pilot stocking program was initiated to enhance this fishery. Fish were released onto estuarine artificial reefs in Botany Bay to evaluate if estuarine artificial reefs are suitable release habitat for juvenile yellowtail kingfish and to monitor their dispersal patterns using acoustic telemetry and a tag-recapture program. Both approaches showed similar patterns, indicating juvenile yellowtail kingfish rapidly dispersed from the release location and can travel at least 60 km during their first weeks in the wild. Twenty percent of the acoustically tagged fish entered nearby estuaries to the north and south and tagged fish were also recaptured in these estuaries, indicating that the estuaries provide habitat for juveniles. There was little interaction between stocked fish and two large coastal artificial reefs positioned near Botany Bay. Stocked yellowtail kingfish will likely disperse rapidly from release locations which is consistent with their pelagic life history. While this may present challenges to fisheries managers, increasing release numbers to maintain stocking densities over a broader area may provide a solution. Future releases of fish on coastal natural and artificial reefs are an important next step in refining stocking practices for this species and will help further identify key juvenile habitats.
{"title":"Dispersal of yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) from a coastal embayment following a recreational fisheries enhancement stocking program: attempts to integrate aquaculture and habitat-based initiatives","authors":"A. Becker, M. Lowry, D. Fielder, M. D. Taylor","doi":"10.5343/bms.2021.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2021.0013","url":null,"abstract":"Fisheries enhancement initiatives including marine stocking and artificial reef deployments are becoming increasingly common in many parts of the world. Combining the two by releasing hatchery reared fish onto artificial reefs is used in sea-ranching operations but is an approach rarely adopted for recreational fisheries. Yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) form a valuable recreational fishery in Australia and in 2018 a pilot stocking program was initiated to enhance this fishery. Fish were released onto estuarine artificial reefs in Botany Bay to evaluate if estuarine artificial reefs are suitable release habitat for juvenile yellowtail kingfish and to monitor their dispersal patterns using acoustic telemetry and a tag-recapture program. Both approaches showed similar patterns, indicating juvenile yellowtail kingfish rapidly dispersed from the release location and can travel at least 60 km during their first weeks in the wild. Twenty percent of the acoustically tagged fish entered nearby estuaries to the north and south and tagged fish were also recaptured in these estuaries, indicating that the estuaries provide habitat for juveniles. There was little interaction between stocked fish and two large coastal artificial reefs positioned near Botany Bay. Stocked yellowtail kingfish will likely disperse rapidly from release locations which is consistent with their pelagic life history. While this may present challenges to fisheries managers, increasing release numbers to maintain stocking densities over a broader area may provide a solution. Future releases of fish on coastal natural and artificial reefs are an important next step in refining stocking practices for this species and will help further identify key juvenile habitats.","PeriodicalId":55312,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70883390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This photograph documents a batwing coral crab (Carpilius corallinus) preying on the sea urchin Diadema antillarum at a coral reef site enhanced with artificial shelter and staghorn coral. The photograph captures an interaction that needs to be better understood to develop a reef restoration strategy that harnesses positive ecological processes.
{"title":"Predation on a newly-stocked long-spined sea urchin (Diadema antillarum) by the batwing coral crab (Carpilius corallinus) on a coral reef restoration site","authors":"W. Sharp, Brian A Reckenbeil","doi":"10.5343/bms.2021.0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2021.0032","url":null,"abstract":"This photograph documents a batwing coral crab (Carpilius corallinus) preying on the sea urchin Diadema antillarum at a coral reef site enhanced with artificial shelter and staghorn coral. The photograph captures an interaction that needs to be better understood to develop a reef restoration strategy that harnesses positive ecological processes.","PeriodicalId":55312,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70883525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Lorenzen, K. Leber, N. Loneragan, Ryan W. Schloesser, M. D. Taylor
Fisheries enhancements are management approaches involving the use of aquaculture and habitat technologies (in the broadest sense) to enhance or restore fisheries. The technologies most commonly used include hatchery rearing and release of aquatic animals and provision of artificial structures such as artificial reefs. Both are associated with distinct fields of knowledge and communities of practice. Recent calls to expand and broaden the role of aquaculture and habitat enhancements in marine conservation and an increasingly integrated view of living marine resource management have led to an aspirational broadening of concepts in this area. The 10th William R and Lenore Mote Symposium and 6th International Symposium on Stock Enhancement and Sea Ranching aimed to advance and integrate knowledge across enhancement technologies and practices. Substantial progress was noted in multiple technical areas such as understanding the potential and limitations for rearing organisms fit for release into the wild, and the design of artificial reefs to enhance local fish abundance. Crucial higher-level goals such as effectively enhancing or restoring fish abundance and fisheries at the stock level continue to receive insufficient attention across the enhancement sciences. Integration of enhancement strategies provides opportunities and challenges including a need to recognize, cross-discover, and engage other distinct areas of knowledge and communities of practice. A quick reference guide is provided to facilitate this process.
加强渔业是涉及利用水产养殖和生境技术(在最广泛的意义上)来加强或恢复渔业的管理办法。最常用的技术包括孵化场、饲养和放生水生动物，以及提供人工结构，如人工鱼礁。两者都与不同的知识领域和实践社区有关。最近关于扩大和扩大水产养殖和生境改善在海洋养护中的作用的呼吁，以及对海洋生物资源管理的日益综合的看法，使这一领域的概念得到了令人鼓舞的扩大。第10届William R and Lenore Mote研讨会和第6届关于种群增强和海洋牧场的国际研讨会旨在推进和整合增强技术和实践方面的知识。在多个技术领域取得了实质性进展，例如了解饲养适合放归野外的生物的潜力和局限性，以及设计人工鱼礁以增加当地鱼类的丰度。诸如在种群水平上有效地提高或恢复鱼类丰度和渔业等重要的更高层次目标，在整个增强科学中仍然得不到足够的重视。增强策略的集成提供了机遇和挑战，包括需要认识、交叉发现和参与其他不同的知识领域和实践社区。提供了一个快速参考指南来促进这个过程。
{"title":"Developing and integrating enhancement strategies to improve and restore fisheries","authors":"K. Lorenzen, K. Leber, N. Loneragan, Ryan W. Schloesser, M. D. Taylor","doi":"10.5343/bms.2021.0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2021.0036","url":null,"abstract":"Fisheries enhancements are management approaches involving the use of aquaculture and habitat technologies (in the broadest sense) to enhance or restore fisheries. The technologies most commonly used include hatchery rearing and release of aquatic animals and provision of artificial structures such as artificial reefs. Both are associated with distinct fields of knowledge and communities of practice. Recent calls to expand and broaden the role of aquaculture and habitat enhancements in marine conservation and an increasingly integrated view of living marine resource management have led to an aspirational broadening of concepts in this area. The 10th William R and Lenore Mote Symposium and 6th International Symposium on Stock Enhancement and Sea Ranching aimed to advance and integrate knowledge across enhancement technologies and practices. Substantial progress was noted in multiple technical areas such as understanding the potential and limitations for rearing organisms fit for release into the wild, and the design of artificial reefs to enhance local fish abundance. Crucial higher-level goals such as effectively enhancing or restoring fish abundance and fisheries at the stock level continue to receive insufficient attention across the enhancement sciences. Integration of enhancement strategies provides opportunities and challenges including a need to recognize, cross-discover, and engage other distinct areas of knowledge and communities of practice. A quick reference guide is provided to facilitate this process.","PeriodicalId":55312,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70883787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mariana L. Santana‐Cisneros, R. Rodríguez-Canul, J. A. Zamora-Briseño, M. Améndola-Pimenta, R. D. Silva-Dávila, U. Ordóñez-López, I. Velázquez‐Abunader, P. Ardisson
Paralarvae (PL) are crucial to understanding the life cycle and population dynamics of cephalopods. Misidentification of species with similar morphology is a problem that hampers understanding of cephalopod composition and distribution. In this study, we used morphological and molecular approaches to carry out a comprehensive identification of Octopoda PL that inhabit two main areas (Tamaulipas and Yucatán) in the southern Gulf of Mexico (GoM). A total of 189 PL were identified using morphological criteria. Of these, 52 PL were analyzed molecularly by sequencing the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. We identified four species and five morphotypes. The molecular tools corroborated three out of four species, while the molecular sequences of three out of four morphotypes indicated that they belong to three different species. All the genetic sequences had high similarities (99.3%–100%) with previous records. One species and one morphotype could not be sequenced because of unsatisfactory fixation; one morphotype remained as such after the molecular analysis. An identification tree was constructed for the species identified with the molecular approach. The species found off the Yucatán platform were Octopus vulgaris Type I, Octopus americanus, Macrotritopus defilippi, Amphioctopus burryi, A. cf. burryi, Octopus sp., and Callistoctopus furvu s. The species identified off the Tamaulipas coast were Octopus insularis and M. defilippi. Paralarvae of O. vulgaris Type I and M. defilippi were the most abundant during 2016–2017. This study provides the first record of Octopoda PL in the southern GoM, including morphological descriptions and molecular sequences of the analyzed taxa.
幼虫对了解头足类动物的生命周期和种群动态至关重要。对具有相似形态的物种的错误识别是一个阻碍了解头足类动物组成和分布的问题。在这项研究中，我们使用形态学和分子方法对生活在墨西哥湾南部两个主要地区(Tamaulipas和Yucatán)的Octopoda PL进行了全面鉴定。利用形态学标准共鉴定出189个PL。其中，52个PL通过线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶亚基I (COI)基因测序进行了分子分析。我们鉴定了4种和5种形态。分子工具证实了四个物种中的三个，而四种形态中的三个的分子序列表明它们属于三个不同的物种。所有基因序列与已有记录具有较高的相似性(99.3% ~ 100%)。由于固定不理想，无法对一个种和一个形态进行测序;经过分子分析，其中一种形态仍然保持不变。对分子方法鉴定的物种构建了鉴定树。Yucatán平台外发现的种类有寻常章鱼I型、美洲章鱼、达菲利大角章鱼、伯利角角章鱼、A. c .伯利角章鱼、章鱼科和福氏螯虾。塔毛利帕斯海岸外发现的种类有岛章鱼和达菲利角章鱼。2016-2017年以ⅰ型和褐皮夜蛾幼虫数量最多。本研究首次记录了墨西哥湾南部的章鱼群，包括形态学描述和分子序列分析。
{"title":"Morphological and molecular identification of Octopoda (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) paralarvae from the southern Gulf of Mexico","authors":"Mariana L. Santana‐Cisneros, R. Rodríguez-Canul, J. A. Zamora-Briseño, M. Améndola-Pimenta, R. D. Silva-Dávila, U. Ordóñez-López, I. Velázquez‐Abunader, P. Ardisson","doi":"10.5343/BMS.2020.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5343/BMS.2020.0027","url":null,"abstract":"Paralarvae (PL) are crucial to understanding the life cycle and population dynamics of cephalopods. Misidentification of species with similar morphology is a problem that hampers understanding of cephalopod composition and distribution. In this study, we used morphological and molecular approaches to carry out a comprehensive identification of Octopoda PL that inhabit two main areas (Tamaulipas and Yucatán) in the southern Gulf of Mexico (GoM). A total of 189 PL were identified using morphological criteria. Of these, 52 PL were analyzed molecularly by sequencing the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. We identified four species and five morphotypes. The molecular tools corroborated three out of four species, while the molecular sequences of three out of four morphotypes indicated that they belong to three different species. All the genetic sequences had high similarities (99.3%–100%) with previous records. One species and one morphotype could not be sequenced because of unsatisfactory fixation; one morphotype remained as such after the molecular analysis. An identification tree was constructed for the species identified with the molecular approach. The species found off the Yucatán platform were Octopus vulgaris Type I, Octopus americanus, Macrotritopus defilippi, Amphioctopus burryi, A. cf. burryi, Octopus sp., and Callistoctopus furvu s. The species identified off the Tamaulipas coast were Octopus insularis and M. defilippi. Paralarvae of O. vulgaris Type I and M. defilippi were the most abundant during 2016–2017. This study provides the first record of Octopoda PL in the southern GoM, including morphological descriptions and molecular sequences of the analyzed taxa.","PeriodicalId":55312,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70881389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. J. Mercado-Santiago, P. Hernández-Alcántara, V. Solís-Weiss
The deepsea fauna from the southern Gulf of California is currently poorly known, with only 193 species reported to date. The aim of this study was to analyze the composition, density, species richness, and taxonomic diversity (Δ) of the deepsea polychaetes of this region. Fifteen stations (238–2900 m depth) were sampled in 2012 and 2013. Eighty-four species from 58 genera and 26 families were identified. Density ranged from 4.76 to 42.86 ind 0.1m−2 and was not significantly correlated with depth; species richness ranged from 2 to 17 species per station, the lowest (2–6 species) occurring between depths of 651 and 915 m. Four assemblages were identified associated with depth (RANOSIM = 0.43, P = 0.002) and geographic position (RANOSIM = 0.56, P = 0.001): Prionospio elhersi–Subadyte mexicana–Syllis alternata (<350 m depth) and Aricidea sp. A–Ninoe jessicae (600–1000 m) in the western gulf; Onuphis similis–Aricidea (Acmira) simplex (1300–1600 m) and Aglaophamus paucilamellata–Sthenolepis spargens (>1200 m) in the middle gulf; stations 14A and 2A, sharing only their position at the far eastern gulf, remained isolated from any other assemblage. The highest diversity was found at 1300–1600 m (Δ = 86.1) and at >2000 m (Δ = 83–98) but decreased to Δ = 61.85 at 600–1000 m. The assemblage structure based on genera and family levels were similar to those based on species (Rho > 0.6), suggesting that either of the former two could be suitable surrogates for monitoring changes at the studied depths.
{"title":"Spatial and bathymetric trends in composition and taxonomic diversity of Polychaeta (Annelida) assemblages from the deep Southern Gulf of California","authors":"A. J. Mercado-Santiago, P. Hernández-Alcántara, V. Solís-Weiss","doi":"10.5343/BMS.2020.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5343/BMS.2020.0029","url":null,"abstract":"The deepsea fauna from the southern Gulf of California is currently poorly known, with only 193 species reported to date. The aim of this study was to analyze the composition, density, species richness, and taxonomic diversity (Δ) of the deepsea polychaetes of this region. Fifteen stations (238–2900 m depth) were sampled in 2012 and 2013. Eighty-four species from 58 genera and 26 families were identified. Density ranged from 4.76 to 42.86 ind 0.1m−2 and was not significantly correlated with depth; species richness ranged from 2 to 17 species per station, the lowest (2–6 species) occurring between depths of 651 and 915 m. Four assemblages were identified associated with depth (RANOSIM = 0.43, P = 0.002) and geographic position (RANOSIM = 0.56, P = 0.001): Prionospio elhersi–Subadyte mexicana–Syllis alternata (<350 m depth) and Aricidea sp. A–Ninoe jessicae (600–1000 m) in the western gulf; Onuphis similis–Aricidea (Acmira) simplex (1300–1600 m) and Aglaophamus paucilamellata–Sthenolepis spargens (>1200 m) in the middle gulf; stations 14A and 2A, sharing only their position at the far eastern gulf, remained isolated from any other assemblage. The highest diversity was found at 1300–1600 m (Δ = 86.1) and at >2000 m (Δ = 83–98) but decreased to Δ = 61.85 at 600–1000 m. The assemblage structure based on genera and family levels were similar to those based on species (Rho > 0.6), suggesting that either of the former two could be suitable surrogates for monitoring changes at the studied depths.","PeriodicalId":55312,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70881448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effects of sea cucumber (Holothuria scabra) juvenile density and interspecific competition from the opisthobranch Stylocheilus striatus (SS) on periphyton biomass and growth performance of H. scabra (HS) were assessed. The number of H. scabra juveniles (15, 50, 100) in net enclosures (treatments HS15, HS50, and HS100) was varied and feeding activity of S. striatus was assessed at a density of 15 individuals per net enclosure (treatment SS15), and in co-culture with H. scabra (treatment HS15/SS15). A control treatment without H. scabra or S. striatus was included in the 28-d experiment. Highest and lowest growth rates of H. scabra occurred in the lowest (HS15) and highest (HS100) stocking density treatments, respectively, on days 14 and 28. Growth of H. scabra juveniles in the HS15 treatment was more than double that of those in the HS15/SS15 treatment. Juvenile survival was significantly higher in the HS15 treatment on days 14 and 28, but did not differ significantly from that of juveniles in the HS15/SS15 and HS50 treatments on day 14. Grazing activity of sea cucumber juveniles and S. striatus resulted in a decline in periphyton biomass (AFDW) after day 7. Differences in food consumption (based on faecal production) among treatments were significant only on days 1 and 21 with the greatest consumption (17.5 mg periphyton ind−1 d−1) by S. striatus in the SS15 treatment. Holothuria scabra juveniles in the HS15 treatment consumed 4.9 mg ind−1 d−1, while those in the HS100 treatment consumed only 1.8 mg ind−1 d−1 after 24 hrs.
{"title":"Influence of intra- and interspecific competition on periphyton biomass and growth performance of Holothuria scabra juveniles","authors":"Jay R Gorospe, M. A. Juinio-Meñez, P. Southgate","doi":"10.5343/bms.2020.0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2020.0048","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of sea cucumber (Holothuria scabra) juvenile density and interspecific competition from the opisthobranch Stylocheilus striatus (SS) on periphyton biomass and growth performance of H. scabra (HS) were assessed. The number of H. scabra juveniles (15, 50, 100) in net enclosures (treatments HS15, HS50, and HS100) was varied and feeding activity of S. striatus was assessed at a density of 15 individuals per net enclosure (treatment SS15), and in co-culture with H. scabra (treatment HS15/SS15). A control treatment without H. scabra or S. striatus was included in the 28-d experiment. Highest and lowest growth rates of H. scabra occurred in the lowest (HS15) and highest (HS100) stocking density treatments, respectively, on days 14 and 28. Growth of H. scabra juveniles in the HS15 treatment was more than double that of those in the HS15/SS15 treatment. Juvenile survival was significantly higher in the HS15 treatment on days 14 and 28, but did not differ significantly from that of juveniles in the HS15/SS15 and HS50 treatments on day 14. Grazing activity of sea cucumber juveniles and S. striatus resulted in a decline in periphyton biomass (AFDW) after day 7. Differences in food consumption (based on faecal production) among treatments were significant only on days 1 and 21 with the greatest consumption (17.5 mg periphyton ind−1 d−1) by S. striatus in the SS15 treatment. Holothuria scabra juveniles in the HS15 treatment consumed 4.9 mg ind−1 d−1, while those in the HS100 treatment consumed only 1.8 mg ind−1 d−1 after 24 hrs.","PeriodicalId":55312,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70882840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. J. McRae, T. Fan, CHIA-WEI Lin, Luca Cirino, Zong-Min Ye, F. Kuo
We report the first observation of conjoined larvae (CL) in the scleractinian coral Pocillopora acuta. Colonies at an elevated temperature had a higher ratio of CL (29 °C; 1:200) than colonies at an ambient temperature (26 °C; 1:500). CL demonstrated normal swimming ability and capacity for settlement, metamorphosis, and asexual budding.
{"title":"First report of successful recruitment by conjoined larvae in the brooding scleractinian coral Pocillopora acuta, southern Taiwan","authors":"C. J. McRae, T. Fan, CHIA-WEI Lin, Luca Cirino, Zong-Min Ye, F. Kuo","doi":"10.5343/BMS.2021.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5343/BMS.2021.0004","url":null,"abstract":"We report the first observation of conjoined larvae (CL) in the scleractinian coral Pocillopora acuta. Colonies at an elevated temperature had a higher ratio of CL (29 °C; 1:200) than colonies at an ambient temperature (26 °C; 1:500). CL demonstrated normal swimming ability and capacity for settlement, metamorphosis, and asexual budding.","PeriodicalId":55312,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70883029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Active Coral Restoration: Techniques for a Changing Planet by David E Vaughan","authors":"Elizabeth C. Shaver","doi":"10.5343/bms.2021.0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2021.0042","url":null,"abstract":"Lv:0:53:http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#XMLLiteral<xhtml:span xmlns:xhtml=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\" xml:lang=\"en\">Book Review</xhtml:span>","PeriodicalId":55312,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70883933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rhodoliths provide numerous benefits to coastal ecosystems and help support high biodiversity. No study, however, has explored rhodoliths that occupy northeastern Gulf of Mexico patch reefs, and their contributions to local ecosystem function remain uncharacterized. Here, we employed the acetylene reduction assay to assess nitrogen fixation capability in rhodolith holobionts (Lithothamnion spp.; Rhodophyta), sediment, and surrounding seawater from a subtropical patch reef ecosystem in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. We found no evidence for nitrogenase activity in rhodolith holobionts or seawater from our study site, while nitrogenase activity in sediment underlying rhodoliths was approximately equivalent to a nitrogen fixation rate of 0.521 (SD 0.087) nmol N2g dry mass–1 hr– 1. Our results suggest that rhodoliths in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico rely on sources of nitrogen from sediment nitrogen fixation or water column nutrient availability rather than the activity of symbiotic diazotrophic microorganisms. Functional analyses recognizing rhodoliths as holobionts warrant further investigation to better understand the ecology of rhodoliths.
{"title":"Rhodolith holobionts are not sources of fixed nitrogen in a northeastern Gulf of Mexico patch reef","authors":"Ethan C. Cissell, S. Kranz, S. McCoy","doi":"10.5343/bms.2020.0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2020.0041","url":null,"abstract":"Rhodoliths provide numerous benefits to coastal ecosystems and help support high biodiversity. No study, however, has explored rhodoliths that occupy northeastern Gulf of Mexico patch reefs, and their contributions to local ecosystem function remain uncharacterized. Here, we employed\u0000 the acetylene reduction assay to assess nitrogen fixation capability in rhodolith holobionts (Lithothamnion spp.; Rhodophyta), sediment, and surrounding seawater from a subtropical patch reef ecosystem in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. We found no evidence for nitrogenase activity\u0000 in rhodolith holobionts or seawater from our study site, while nitrogenase activity in sediment underlying rhodoliths was approximately equivalent to a nitrogen fixation rate of 0.521 (SD 0.087) nmol N2g dry mass–1 hr– 1. Our results suggest that\u0000 rhodoliths in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico rely on sources of nitrogen from sediment nitrogen fixation or water column nutrient availability rather than the activity of symbiotic diazotrophic microorganisms. Functional analyses recognizing rhodoliths as holobionts warrant further investigation\u0000 to better understand the ecology of rhodoliths.","PeriodicalId":55312,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43706129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：