Mixed-species foraging groups of reef fishes, although relatively common in occurrence, have historically received little attention. Most studies on this topic have been descriptive accounts of specific associations. In this study, we collected data on mixed-species foraging groups seen in the Lakshadweep islands, resulting in a dataset of 1289 groups. Data was collected from both reefs and lagoons of three islands (Kadmat, Kavaratti, and Agatti) within the Lakshadweep Archipelago over a period of three years. Cluster analysis revealed nine categories based on species composition in groups: parrotfish, juveniles, surgeonfish (small), surgeonfish (large), Anampses spp., wrasses, Parupeneus macronema, Parupeneus barberinus, and other goatfish groups. The clusters are named based on the nuclear species or most frequently seen species within the groups. These groups are distinct not only in terms of composition but also other parameters such as behavior (shoaling or attendant groups), habitat affinity, and group cohesion. Groups comprising herbivorous species such as parrotfish and surgeonfish were almost entirely shoaling in nature (large groups without nuclear individuals), whereas goatfish and wrasses tended to form smaller attendant associations. Groups also occupied different habitat types; for example, parrotfish and P. barberinus groups were seen mostly in lagoons while surgeonfish, wrasses, and P. macronema groups were more abundant on reefs. Our findings suggest that mixed-species foraging groups in fishes are comprised of distinct compositional categories that vary in behavior, cohesion, and habitat affinity.
{"title":"Composition and behavior of mixed-species foraging groups of reef fish in the Lakshadweep islands, India","authors":"A. Theo, K. Shanker","doi":"10.5343/bms.2020.0054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2020.0054","url":null,"abstract":"Mixed-species foraging groups of reef fishes, although relatively common in occurrence, have historically received little attention. Most studies on this topic have been descriptive accounts of specific associations. In this study, we collected data on mixed-species foraging groups seen in the Lakshadweep islands, resulting in a dataset of 1289 groups. Data was collected from both reefs and lagoons of three islands (Kadmat, Kavaratti, and Agatti) within the Lakshadweep Archipelago over a period of three years. Cluster analysis revealed nine categories based on species composition in groups: parrotfish, juveniles, surgeonfish (small), surgeonfish (large), Anampses spp., wrasses, Parupeneus macronema, Parupeneus barberinus, and other goatfish groups. The clusters are named based on the nuclear species or most frequently seen species within the groups. These groups are distinct not only in terms of composition but also other parameters such as behavior (shoaling or attendant groups), habitat affinity, and group cohesion. Groups comprising herbivorous species such as parrotfish and surgeonfish were almost entirely shoaling in nature (large groups without nuclear individuals), whereas goatfish and wrasses tended to form smaller attendant associations. Groups also occupied different habitat types; for example, parrotfish and P. barberinus groups were seen mostly in lagoons while surgeonfish, wrasses, and P. macronema groups were more abundant on reefs. Our findings suggest that mixed-species foraging groups in fishes are comprised of distinct compositional categories that vary in behavior, cohesion, and habitat affinity.","PeriodicalId":55312,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70883010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Common snook Centropomus undecimalis is an important estuarine-dependent predatory fish species. In Florida, the decline of wild stocks, due mainly to fishing pressure and loss of habitat, has led to increasingly restrictive management actions in the last 50 years. This has also promoted its culture for stock enhancement as one of many management actions. Stocking efforts indicate that survival of snook fingerlings can be poor and improvements could be achieved through prerelease conditioning. In this study we compared prey capture kinematics between naïve hatchery juvenile snook and wild conspecifics. Capture behavior, quantified with high-speed cameras, identified specific differences in prey capture of hatchery and wild snook. Naïve juvenile hatchery snook exposed to live prey made fewer attempts to feed, had longer delays in the time to strike, exhibited higher strike velocities and engulfed prey earlier in the gape cycle, and had less overall feeding success compared to wild fish. However, experience with repeated live prey feeding events quickly improved hatchery snook feeding success, similar to wild fish. Therefore, prerelease training via exposure to live prey could improve feeding performance and overall fate of snook released into the wild.
{"title":"Prey capture kinematics of wild and hatchery juvenile common snook Centropomus undecimalis","authors":"P. Caldentey, N. Brennan, T. Heimann, J. Gardiner","doi":"10.5343/bms.2020.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2020.0023","url":null,"abstract":"Common snook Centropomus undecimalis is an important estuarine-dependent predatory fish species. In Florida, the decline of wild stocks, due mainly to fishing pressure and loss of habitat, has led to increasingly restrictive management actions in the last 50 years. This has also promoted its culture for stock enhancement as one of many management actions. Stocking efforts indicate that survival of snook fingerlings can be poor and improvements could be achieved through prerelease conditioning. In this study we compared prey capture kinematics between naïve hatchery juvenile snook and wild conspecifics. Capture behavior, quantified with high-speed cameras, identified specific differences in prey capture of hatchery and wild snook. Naïve juvenile hatchery snook exposed to live prey made fewer attempts to feed, had longer delays in the time to strike, exhibited higher strike velocities and engulfed prey earlier in the gape cycle, and had less overall feeding success compared to wild fish. However, experience with repeated live prey feeding events quickly improved hatchery snook feeding success, similar to wild fish. Therefore, prerelease training via exposure to live prey could improve feeding performance and overall fate of snook released into the wild.","PeriodicalId":55312,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70881111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the last decades, managers and local communities have been turning to active restoration as a mechanism to recover damaged reefs affected at an unprecedented rate because of climate change, anthropogenic activities, and natural events, such as outbreaks of the crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS) Acanthaster spp. A coral restoration experiment was conducted in the southern Gulf of California (24°N, 110°W) starting in December 2017. By early 2018, unusually high numbers of Acanthaster cf. solaris appeared at the restoration plots causing significant coral mortality. Fragment survivorship was significantly influenced by site with corals at Roca Swan showing a longer survival probability time [297.43 (SE 16.38) d] compared to El Corralito [133.81 (SE 7.73) d]. From April 2018 to June 2019, average abundance of A. cf. solaris had surpassed 800 ind ha–1 at three sites, and their feeding resulted in high fragment mortality ranging from 39% at Roca Swan to 88% at El Corralito—a strong contrast to other restored reefs along the eastern Pacific where starfish were absent and annual fragment mortality was <15%. La Paz Bay was the first area in the eastern tropical Pacific to suffer an A. cf. solaris outbreak in 2017–2018, severely hindering success of coral restoration programs.
{"title":"Damage caused by crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster cf. solaris) outbreak to restored corals in the southern Gulf of California, Mexico","authors":"Paulina Martínez-Sarabia, H. Reyes‐Bonilla","doi":"10.5343/BMS.2020.0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5343/BMS.2020.0034","url":null,"abstract":"In the last decades, managers and local communities have been turning to active restoration as a mechanism to recover damaged reefs affected at an unprecedented rate because of climate change, anthropogenic activities, and natural events, such as outbreaks of the crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS) Acanthaster spp. A coral restoration experiment was conducted in the southern Gulf of California (24°N, 110°W) starting in December 2017. By early 2018, unusually high numbers of Acanthaster cf. solaris appeared at the restoration plots causing significant coral mortality. Fragment survivorship was significantly influenced by site with corals at Roca Swan showing a longer survival probability time [297.43 (SE 16.38) d] compared to El Corralito [133.81 (SE 7.73) d]. From April 2018 to June 2019, average abundance of A. cf. solaris had surpassed 800 ind ha–1 at three sites, and their feeding resulted in high fragment mortality ranging from 39% at Roca Swan to 88% at El Corralito—a strong contrast to other restored reefs along the eastern Pacific where starfish were absent and annual fragment mortality was <15%. La Paz Bay was the first area in the eastern tropical Pacific to suffer an A. cf. solaris outbreak in 2017–2018, severely hindering success of coral restoration programs.","PeriodicalId":55312,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70881875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Cárcamo, Luis A. Henríquez-Antipa, Francisco Galleguillos, Luis Figueroa-Fabrega, M. D. Taylor
Chile has a long history of restocking, stock enhancement, and translocation to support artisanal or small-scale fisheries; however, these programs have been scarcely discussed in the scientific literature. Here, we present a review of previous initiatives and discuss specific areas for future progress. We identified 204 releases across 117 different areas, involving 7 taxonomic groups and 22 species (20 marine and 2 freshwater). Marine stocking mainly occurred within the context of the spatial framework through which artisanal fisheries are managed [Management and Exploitation Areas for Benthic Resources (MEABR)], and over 60% involved translocation of wild individuals rather than release of hatchery-reared seed. While “stock enhancement” was the primary intention for most releases, it is unclear whether depleted spawning biomass or other recruitment limitations were the primary motivation, and few projects reported more than one stocking event. The echinoid Loxechinus albus and the gastropod Concholepas concholepas were the main target species. Only 6% of projects examined reported positive results that could be linked to releases, and none reported the use of tagging or analysis of costs or benefits. There are several areas for targeted development that should improve the social and economic outcomes from marine stocking activities. This synthesis provides a snapshot of marine stocking in Chile to date and highlights opportunities that are relevant to both Chile and other nations with substantial small-scale fisheries.
{"title":"Marine stocking in Chile: a review of past progress and future opportunities for enhancing marine artisanal fisheries","authors":"P. Cárcamo, Luis A. Henríquez-Antipa, Francisco Galleguillos, Luis Figueroa-Fabrega, M. D. Taylor","doi":"10.5343/bms.2020.0052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2020.0052","url":null,"abstract":"Chile has a long history of restocking, stock enhancement, and translocation to support artisanal or small-scale fisheries; however, these programs have been scarcely discussed in the scientific literature. Here, we present a review of previous initiatives and discuss specific areas for future progress. We identified 204 releases across 117 different areas, involving 7 taxonomic groups and 22 species (20 marine and 2 freshwater). Marine stocking mainly occurred within the context of the spatial framework through which artisanal fisheries are managed [Management and Exploitation Areas for Benthic Resources (MEABR)], and over 60% involved translocation of wild individuals rather than release of hatchery-reared seed. While “stock enhancement” was the primary intention for most releases, it is unclear whether depleted spawning biomass or other recruitment limitations were the primary motivation, and few projects reported more than one stocking event. The echinoid Loxechinus albus and the gastropod Concholepas concholepas were the main target species. Only 6% of projects examined reported positive results that could be linked to releases, and none reported the use of tagging or analysis of costs or benefits. There are several areas for targeted development that should improve the social and economic outcomes from marine stocking activities. This synthesis provides a snapshot of marine stocking in Chile to date and highlights opportunities that are relevant to both Chile and other nations with substantial small-scale fisheries.","PeriodicalId":55312,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70882999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We describe an extreme habitat for scleractinian corals in intertidal rock pools of southeastern Australia. The pools host a small but hardy subset of coral species despite experiencing conditions beyond those documented for corals anywhere in Australia. Understanding mechanisms behind this may improve insights into climate change adaptation in corals.
{"title":"Pools of resilience","authors":"D. Abrego, A. Baird, E. Howells, S. D. Smith","doi":"10.5343/bms.2021.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2021.0019","url":null,"abstract":"We describe an extreme habitat for scleractinian corals in intertidal rock pools of southeastern Australia. The pools host a small but hardy subset of coral species despite experiencing conditions beyond those documented for corals anywhere in Australia. Understanding mechanisms behind this may improve insights into climate change adaptation in corals.","PeriodicalId":55312,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70883040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prolonged aerial exposure can be detrimental for coral health. Here, we present an observation of a scleractinian corals' outstanding regeneration after exposure to air for several months. This observation may lead to new ways to investigate the regenerative capacity of reef-building corals.
{"title":"A presumed Lazarus coral: outstanding regeneration capacity of a Goniopora coral exposed to air over several months","authors":"A. Tilstra, B. Hoeksema, C. Wild","doi":"10.5343/BMS.2021.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5343/BMS.2021.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Prolonged aerial exposure can be detrimental for coral health. Here, we present an observation of a scleractinian corals' outstanding regeneration after exposure to air for several months. This observation may lead to new ways to investigate the regenerative capacity of reef-building corals.","PeriodicalId":55312,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70883079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Bacheler, Christina M. Schobernd, S. Harter, A. W. David, G. Sedberry, G. T. Kellison
Temperate reefs host diverse fish communities along the southeast United States Atlantic coast (SEUS), yet the sustainable management of reef fishes faces myriad challenges. One challenge has been the introduction of Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois volitans/miles; hereafter “lionfish”), which have spread quickly throughout the SEUS since their introduction in the late 1900s. We analyzed long-term (2001–2019) video data along the continental shelf break and upper slope (45–125 m deep) of the SEUS to assess changes in lionfish densities over time, characterize reef fish community structure, and determine if native reef fish community structure has changed due to lionfish. Lionfish densities increased substantially during the study, from zero individuals observed in 2001 to approximately 1.2 individuals observed per 100 m3 (and present in all included transects) by 2019, yet no fish community metrics were negatively related to lionfish density. Demersal habitat influenced fish community structure more than any other variable examined, with more individuals and different fish communities occurring on high-relief compared to low-relief hardbottom habitats. The effects of latitude, depth, and bottom temperature on reef fish community structure were generally weak or nonexistent. Although previous empirical work has found that lionfish negatively affect native fishes at small scales (<30 km2), it is unclear why we did not find similar results in our larger-scale study. It may be related to vagaries of the spatial scale of observation, lionfish effects being primarily limited to high-relief habitats, time lags, or lionfish densities not being high enough yet to cause observable ecological effects.
{"title":"Reef fish community structure along the southeastern US Atlantic continental shelf break and upper slope appears resistant to increasing lionfish (Pterois volitans/miles) density","authors":"N. Bacheler, Christina M. Schobernd, S. Harter, A. W. David, G. Sedberry, G. T. Kellison","doi":"10.5343/bms.2021.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2021.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Temperate reefs host diverse fish communities along the southeast United States Atlantic coast (SEUS), yet the sustainable management of reef fishes faces myriad challenges. One challenge has been the introduction of Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois volitans/miles; hereafter “lionfish”), which have spread quickly throughout the SEUS since their introduction in the late 1900s. We analyzed long-term (2001–2019) video data along the continental shelf break and upper slope (45–125 m deep) of the SEUS to assess changes in lionfish densities over time, characterize reef fish community structure, and determine if native reef fish community structure has changed due to lionfish. Lionfish densities increased substantially during the study, from zero individuals observed in 2001 to approximately 1.2 individuals observed per 100 m3 (and present in all included transects) by 2019, yet no fish community metrics were negatively related to lionfish density. Demersal habitat influenced fish community structure more than any other variable examined, with more individuals and different fish communities occurring on high-relief compared to low-relief hardbottom habitats. The effects of latitude, depth, and bottom temperature on reef fish community structure were generally weak or nonexistent. Although previous empirical work has found that lionfish negatively affect native fishes at small scales (<30 km2), it is unclear why we did not find similar results in our larger-scale study. It may be related to vagaries of the spatial scale of observation, lionfish effects being primarily limited to high-relief habitats, time lags, or lionfish densities not being high enough yet to cause observable ecological effects.","PeriodicalId":55312,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70883146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anahí Domínguez-Nava, R. Gasca, L. Carrillo, L. Vásquez-Yeomans, E. Suárez-Morales
The community structure and variability of the hyperiid amphipods of the Northwestern Tropical Atlantic (NWTA) remain largely unknown. We described and analyzed the hyperiid nictemeral, vertical, and horizontal distribution and the influence of environmental variables in the upper 100 m of the northwestern Caribbean Sea. We examined 196 zooplankton samples obtained during both day and nighttime at four depth strata from 49 sampling stations in January 2007. Up to 82 hyperiid species including 14 new regional records were identified and quantified. Both day/night and some interstrata differences were significant, particularly in reference to the uppermost and deepest strata. The local hyperiid community structure appeared to be profiled by the frequency and abundance variations of the two most abundant species, Lestrigonus bengalensis and Brachyscelus crusculum, both being most abundant in the uppermost (0–25 m) stratum. The horizontal distribution of the highest hyperiid abundance and diversity appears to be related to the influence of mesoscale processes like upwelling and cyclonic eddies. The Gulf of Honduras area had relatively low hyperiid abundances. The principal component analysis revealed density and temperature as the main factors explaining the local environmental variability. The canonical analysis of principal coordinates (CAP) showed that salinity and temperature strongly influenced the variability of the local hyperiid community. Overall, the two middle vertical strata (25–75 m) were relatively uniform; the main differences were found only between the uppermost and deepest strata. This study is the first to provide information regarding small-scale vertical distribution of hyperiid amphipods in the NWTA.
{"title":"Hyperiid amphipod vertical distribution and community structure in the upper 100 m of the northwestern Caribbean Sea","authors":"Anahí Domínguez-Nava, R. Gasca, L. Carrillo, L. Vásquez-Yeomans, E. Suárez-Morales","doi":"10.5343/BMS.2020.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5343/BMS.2020.0030","url":null,"abstract":"The community structure and variability of the hyperiid amphipods of the Northwestern Tropical Atlantic (NWTA) remain largely unknown. We described and analyzed the hyperiid nictemeral, vertical, and horizontal distribution and the influence of environmental variables in the upper 100 m of the northwestern Caribbean Sea. We examined 196 zooplankton samples obtained during both day and nighttime at four depth strata from 49 sampling stations in January 2007. Up to 82 hyperiid species including 14 new regional records were identified and quantified. Both day/night and some interstrata differences were significant, particularly in reference to the uppermost and deepest strata. The local hyperiid community structure appeared to be profiled by the frequency and abundance variations of the two most abundant species, Lestrigonus bengalensis and Brachyscelus crusculum, both being most abundant in the uppermost (0–25 m) stratum. The horizontal distribution of the highest hyperiid abundance and diversity appears to be related to the influence of mesoscale processes like upwelling and cyclonic eddies. The Gulf of Honduras area had relatively low hyperiid abundances. The principal component analysis revealed density and temperature as the main factors explaining the local environmental variability. The canonical analysis of principal coordinates (CAP) showed that salinity and temperature strongly influenced the variability of the local hyperiid community. Overall, the two middle vertical strata (25–75 m) were relatively uniform; the main differences were found only between the uppermost and deepest strata. This study is the first to provide information regarding small-scale vertical distribution of hyperiid amphipods in the NWTA.","PeriodicalId":55312,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70881061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Effective adaptive management of aquaculture-based fisheries enhancement programs requires iterative feedback on the impact of stocking activities. For estuarine finfishes, postrelease survival is particularly challenging to assess where recapture rates are low or difficult to obtain. We describe a novel approach to assess short-term apparent survival of hatchery-reared fish stocked into open estuarine systems and address postrelease behavioral states to quantify weekly survival of common snook (Centropomus undecimalis) after one year of monitoring. Following a weekly spatial and temporal replicate-release design for two experimental releases, 1922 juvenile snook (133–281 mm fork length) were marked with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags and released among two regions of Phillippi Creek, Florida. Marine-adapted PIT tag antenna arrays detected 79% of released individuals and provided daily resighting histories for analysis with multistate mark-recapture models. Resighting histories were best explained by short-term differences in apparent survival among the first few weeks, and long-term patterns in detectability driven by residency behaviors. Weekly apparent survival rates increased from between 0.25 and 0.52 after the first week to >0.9 after week five. Fork length positively influenced survival for both releases and water height positively influenced detectability for the fall release. The highest survival was observed for individuals released in lower Phillippi Creek in the spring, suggesting lower reaches of tidal creek systems provide ideal release locations for juvenile snook. Further application of this approach will help refine optimal release locations, times, and procedures, promote adaptive management of enhancement programs, and maximize the benefits of strategic, science-based stocking on receiving populations.
{"title":"A novel approach to estimate postrelease survival for estuarine fishes","authors":"RW Schloesser, K. Leber, N. Brennan, P. Caldentey","doi":"10.5343/bms.2020.0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2020.0040","url":null,"abstract":"Effective adaptive management of aquaculture-based fisheries enhancement programs requires iterative feedback on the impact of stocking activities. For estuarine finfishes, postrelease survival is particularly challenging to assess where recapture rates are low or difficult to obtain. We describe a novel approach to assess short-term apparent survival of hatchery-reared fish stocked into open estuarine systems and address postrelease behavioral states to quantify weekly survival of common snook (Centropomus undecimalis) after one year of monitoring. Following a weekly spatial and temporal replicate-release design for two experimental releases, 1922 juvenile snook (133–281 mm fork length) were marked with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags and released among two regions of Phillippi Creek, Florida. Marine-adapted PIT tag antenna arrays detected 79% of released individuals and provided daily resighting histories for analysis with multistate mark-recapture models. Resighting histories were best explained by short-term differences in apparent survival among the first few weeks, and long-term patterns in detectability driven by residency behaviors. Weekly apparent survival rates increased from between 0.25 and 0.52 after the first week to >0.9 after week five. Fork length positively influenced survival for both releases and water height positively influenced detectability for the fall release. The highest survival was observed for individuals released in lower Phillippi Creek in the spring, suggesting lower reaches of tidal creek systems provide ideal release locations for juvenile snook. Further application of this approach will help refine optimal release locations, times, and procedures, promote adaptive management of enhancement programs, and maximize the benefits of strategic, science-based stocking on receiving populations.","PeriodicalId":55312,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70881549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marine enhancement programs can be helpful for the conservation of important species. Many variables are considered in managing a marine enhancement program, and external fish quality prior to release should be one of them. Quality assessment aids in understanding the influence of rearing variables, limits a recognizable cultured fish phenotype, and maximizes the success of the conservation program by emulating the survivorship potential of wild stocks. We rear white seabass, Atractoscion nobilis, for stock enhancement and developed a semiquantitative assessment and control program to document and reduce the incidence of abnormal physical attributes prior to their release. Clearing and staining techniques were used to define normal processes of ossification, and wild fish surveys were performed to understand variability in natural stock morphology. In the hatchery, A. nobilis were examined in lots of 125 fish cohort−1 at 50 and 80 d post hatch of their development. Specimens evaluated were normal or classified as having malformations involving the bone or cartilage (13 categories) ranked 1–3, mild to severe. Malformations that were unique or differed substantially from wild A. nobilis specimens were culled from the cultured cohort as part of a quality control process prior to release. The most common malformations involved the head region, which accounted for 98% of all hard tissue malformations. Malformations of the jaws accounted for 30% of observed malformations and lower jaw prognathism was the most common observation. This program has proven useful for identifying malformations and minimizing the release of affected cultured marine fish.
{"title":"Quality considerations and malformation surveillance in a marine stocking program","authors":"C. Silbernagel, Michael A. Shane, M. Drawbridge","doi":"10.5343/BMS.2020.0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5343/BMS.2020.0038","url":null,"abstract":"Marine enhancement programs can be helpful for the conservation of important species. Many variables are considered in managing a marine enhancement program, and external fish quality prior to release should be one of them. Quality assessment aids in understanding the influence of rearing variables, limits a recognizable cultured fish phenotype, and maximizes the success of the conservation program by emulating the survivorship potential of wild stocks. We rear white seabass, Atractoscion nobilis, for stock enhancement and developed a semiquantitative assessment and control program to document and reduce the incidence of abnormal physical attributes prior to their release. Clearing and staining techniques were used to define normal processes of ossification, and wild fish surveys were performed to understand variability in natural stock morphology. In the hatchery, A. nobilis were examined in lots of 125 fish cohort−1 at 50 and 80 d post hatch of their development. Specimens evaluated were normal or classified as having malformations involving the bone or cartilage (13 categories) ranked 1–3, mild to severe. Malformations that were unique or differed substantially from wild A. nobilis specimens were culled from the cultured cohort as part of a quality control process prior to release. The most common malformations involved the head region, which accounted for 98% of all hard tissue malformations. Malformations of the jaws accounted for 30% of observed malformations and lower jaw prognathism was the most common observation. This program has proven useful for identifying malformations and minimizing the release of affected cultured marine fish.","PeriodicalId":55312,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70881693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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