Pub Date : 2020-11-17DOI: 10.1590/s1982-21702020000300014
Mayara Cobacho Ortega Caldeira, C. R. Caldeira, Samara Sunny dos Anjos Cereja, D. Alves, Claudinei Rodrigues de Aguiar
The ionosphere may not only degrade the accuracy of the GNSS positioning but also reduce its availability because there is a high dependence between signal losses and ionospheric irregularities. Irregularities in the Earth’s ionosphere may produce rapid fluctuations in phase and amplitude. These rapid fluctuations are called ionospheric scintillation. Thus, loss of signal can occur due to the effects of diffraction and refraction, which cause a weakening in the signal received by the GNSS receivers. In this way, this paper aims to evaluate the magnitude of ionospheric scintillation in Brazil and the performance of the positioning under its influence in the period of high solar activity in the current cycle (24), through the Spearman correlation analysis and the Wavelet periodogram. For that, three-year time series (2012 to 2014) of the S4 index and 3D MSE (Mean Squared Error) of three Brazilian stations with different ionospheric conditions were considered, PALM (near the Geomagnetic Equator) PRU2 (Equatorial region and Anomalies) and POAL (Mid-latitude region). Thus, it was possible to evaluate the correlation between the accuracy of the precise point positioning using only the C/A code of the GPS satellite and the S4 index. As a result, there was a correlation of 53% and 51%, using the Spearman method, for the PALM and PRU2 series, respectively. In addition, considering the analysis of space-frequency in relation to time by the Wavelet coherence method, a correlation of more than 70% is noted in the period of greatest 3D MSE concerning the spring and autumn equinox months.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF THE GNSS POSITIONING PERFORMANCE UNDER INFLUENCE OF THE IONOSPHERIC SCINTILLATION","authors":"Mayara Cobacho Ortega Caldeira, C. R. Caldeira, Samara Sunny dos Anjos Cereja, D. Alves, Claudinei Rodrigues de Aguiar","doi":"10.1590/s1982-21702020000300014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s1982-21702020000300014","url":null,"abstract":"The ionosphere may not only degrade the accuracy of the GNSS positioning but also reduce its availability because there is a high dependence between signal losses and ionospheric irregularities. Irregularities in the Earth’s ionosphere may produce rapid fluctuations in phase and amplitude. These rapid fluctuations are called ionospheric scintillation. Thus, loss of signal can occur due to the effects of diffraction and refraction, which cause a weakening in the signal received by the GNSS receivers. In this way, this paper aims to evaluate the magnitude of ionospheric scintillation in Brazil and the performance of the positioning under its influence in the period of high solar activity in the current cycle (24), through the Spearman correlation analysis and the Wavelet periodogram. For that, three-year time series (2012 to 2014) of the S4 index and 3D MSE (Mean Squared Error) of three Brazilian stations with different ionospheric conditions were considered, PALM (near the Geomagnetic Equator) PRU2 (Equatorial region and Anomalies) and POAL (Mid-latitude region). Thus, it was possible to evaluate the correlation between the accuracy of the precise point positioning using only the C/A code of the GPS satellite and the S4 index. As a result, there was a correlation of 53% and 51%, using the Spearman method, for the PALM and PRU2 series, respectively. In addition, considering the analysis of space-frequency in relation to time by the Wavelet coherence method, a correlation of more than 70% is noted in the period of greatest 3D MSE concerning the spring and autumn equinox months.","PeriodicalId":55347,"journal":{"name":"Boletim De Ciencias Geodesicas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91208313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-27DOI: 10.1590/s1982-21702020000200009
Gabriela Pasetto Falavigna, A. L. Iescheck, S. Souza
Aerodromes protection zones are defined by plans that are determined by three-dimensional (3D) limiting surfaces, which establish the airspace that must remain clear of obstacles, imposing some restrictions on land use. The objective of this paper is to generate 3D models of the surrounding area of Salgado Filho International Airport, considering the constructive altimetric limit established in the Aerodrome Protection Zone Basic Plan (PBZPA), to identify and quantify obstacles related to plots (urban land parcels) and buildings. The adopted methodology includes the analysis and selection of geospatial data, data modeling and performing spatial analysis on the generated 3D models. The results showed that out of a total of 106,838 plots, covering an area of 69.68 km², 4,826 plots (4.52%) exceeded the limiting surface and 1,054 plots (0.99%) represent critical areas where constructions may not be allowed. And, out of a total of 200,573 buildings, 26,418 of them (13.17%) exceeded the limit imposed by PBZPA’s. Also, the methodology is valid for detecting and quantifying critical areas concerning the constructive viability of the plots, affected areas regarding the height of the plots and buildings, and for identifying obstacles to aerodromes according to their respective airspace laws.
{"title":"3D MODELING TO IDENTIFY AND QUANTIFY OBSTACLES IN AERODROME PROTECTION ZONE","authors":"Gabriela Pasetto Falavigna, A. L. Iescheck, S. Souza","doi":"10.1590/s1982-21702020000200009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s1982-21702020000200009","url":null,"abstract":"Aerodromes protection zones are defined by plans that are determined by three-dimensional (3D) limiting surfaces, which establish the airspace that must remain clear of obstacles, imposing some restrictions on land use. The objective of this paper is to generate 3D models of the surrounding area of Salgado Filho International Airport, considering the constructive altimetric limit established in the Aerodrome Protection Zone Basic Plan (PBZPA), to identify and quantify obstacles related to plots (urban land parcels) and buildings. The adopted methodology includes the analysis and selection of geospatial data, data modeling and performing spatial analysis on the generated 3D models. The results showed that out of a total of 106,838 plots, covering an area of 69.68 km², 4,826 plots (4.52%) exceeded the limiting surface and 1,054 plots (0.99%) represent critical areas where constructions may not be allowed. And, out of a total of 200,573 buildings, 26,418 of them (13.17%) exceeded the limit imposed by PBZPA’s. Also, the methodology is valid for detecting and quantifying critical areas concerning the constructive viability of the plots, affected areas regarding the height of the plots and buildings, and for identifying obstacles to aerodromes according to their respective airspace laws.","PeriodicalId":55347,"journal":{"name":"Boletim De Ciencias Geodesicas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90358044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-27DOI: 10.1590/s1982-21702020000200010
G. Jerez, D. Alves
Nowadays GPS (Global Positioning System) and GLONASS (GLObal NAvigation Satellite System) are the main systems of GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems), also composed by Galileo and BeiDou. After a long period of degradation, GLONASS was modernized, and its constellation was reestablished in 2011. Considering this new scenario, with GPS and GLONASS full constellations, the interest in the combined use of both systems was renewed. Besides the constellations used, other factors are related to the positioning quality, for instance the ionospheric influence. Several studies have been performed aiming to assess GPS positioning quality as well as the ionospheric influence on it, but concerning GLONASS, there are still several possibilities of investigation. In this context, this research aimed to assess the GPS/GLONASS data point positioning performance considering Brazilian regions with different ionospheric behavior during periods of low and high ionospheric activity. Spatial and time ionospheric influence in the positioning performance were observed. Considering all configurations tested with 30-minute data, the use of GPS/GLONASS data provided better results in 97.35% of the cases when compared to autonomous GPS, the mean improvement was about 60 cm, which corresponds to 30%.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF GPS/GLONASS POINT POSITIONING IN BRAZILIAN REGIONS WITH DISTINCT IONOSPHERIC BEHAVIOR","authors":"G. Jerez, D. Alves","doi":"10.1590/s1982-21702020000200010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s1982-21702020000200010","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays GPS (Global Positioning System) and GLONASS (GLObal NAvigation Satellite System) are the main systems of GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems), also composed by Galileo and BeiDou. After a long period of degradation, GLONASS was modernized, and its constellation was reestablished in 2011. Considering this new scenario, with GPS and GLONASS full constellations, the interest in the combined use of both systems was renewed. Besides the constellations used, other factors are related to the positioning quality, for instance the ionospheric influence. Several studies have been performed aiming to assess GPS positioning quality as well as the ionospheric influence on it, but concerning GLONASS, there are still several possibilities of investigation. In this context, this research aimed to assess the GPS/GLONASS data point positioning performance considering Brazilian regions with different ionospheric behavior during periods of low and high ionospheric activity. Spatial and time ionospheric influence in the positioning performance were observed. Considering all configurations tested with 30-minute data, the use of GPS/GLONASS data provided better results in 97.35% of the cases when compared to autonomous GPS, the mean improvement was about 60 cm, which corresponds to 30%.","PeriodicalId":55347,"journal":{"name":"Boletim De Ciencias Geodesicas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43255494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-27DOI: 10.1590/s1982-21702020000200007
Afonso de Paula dos Santos, N. G. Medeiros, A. Poz, Gérson Rodrigues dos Santos, Dalto Domingos Rodrigues, Paulo César Emiliano
This work presents a new methodology for extracting 3D homologous points from a DEM/DSM for relative evaluation of positional accuracies, from terrain features such as ridgelines and hydrography. Firstly, it extracts 3D intersection points between the linear features and then it performs a selection of these homologous points. A discussion regarding the spatial resolution effect of the DEM/DSM on the proposed methodology is carried out. As case study, the planimetric and altimetric positional accuracies evaluation of SRTM (X-band) and Aster GDEM (version 2) DSMs was conducted using, as reference, a DSM obtained via photogrammetry. The SRTM and Aster GDEM (version 2) DSMs showed similar classifications, that is, Class A for the altimetry and Class B for the planimetry at the 1:100,000 scale, according to the Brazilian technical standard of positional accuracy.
{"title":"METHODOLOGY FOR THE EXTRACTION OF HOMOLOGOUS POINTS FROM A DEM/DSM TO EVALUATE THE RELATIVE POSITIONAL ACCURACY","authors":"Afonso de Paula dos Santos, N. G. Medeiros, A. Poz, Gérson Rodrigues dos Santos, Dalto Domingos Rodrigues, Paulo César Emiliano","doi":"10.1590/s1982-21702020000200007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s1982-21702020000200007","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a new methodology for extracting 3D homologous points from a DEM/DSM for relative evaluation of positional accuracies, from terrain features such as ridgelines and hydrography. Firstly, it extracts 3D intersection points between the linear features and then it performs a selection of these homologous points. A discussion regarding the spatial resolution effect of the DEM/DSM on the proposed methodology is carried out. As case study, the planimetric and altimetric positional accuracies evaluation of SRTM (X-band) and Aster GDEM (version 2) DSMs was conducted using, as reference, a DSM obtained via photogrammetry. The SRTM and Aster GDEM (version 2) DSMs showed similar classifications, that is, Class A for the altimetry and Class B for the planimetry at the 1:100,000 scale, according to the Brazilian technical standard of positional accuracy.","PeriodicalId":55347,"journal":{"name":"Boletim De Ciencias Geodesicas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90998605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-27DOI: 10.1590/s1982-21702020000200006
Wedja de Oliveira Silva, A. F. T. Carneiro
The increasing usage of the space above and underneath the land surface brings up the need of controlling its occupation. The localization of the infrastructure underground network is a major challenge, and for most of the countries, this information is not yet available or not easy to access. At this juncture, the cadastre of the network location is of fundamental importance for the water management supply systems. ISO 19152 from 2012 - Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) - addresses the standardization and integration of common features of cadastre systems in a simple way, and may be applied to several aspects of land administration. Within this context, this research aims to develop a model of subsurface water utility networks, based on the standard proposed by LADM. The implementation of the model suggested by ISO 19152 was tested using the COMPESA cadastre of the water utility network as a study case. The modernization and the technological advances adopted by the company facilitated the understanding of the geographical database underlying structure and its adaptation to the international standard. The modeling was produced using UML language, and DBDesigner for the physical implementation, executed in connection with PostgreSQL/PostGIS and QGIS, was applied.
{"title":"SUBSURFACE UTILITY NETWORK CADASTRE PROPOSAL, BASED ON LADM (ISO / FDIS 19152)","authors":"Wedja de Oliveira Silva, A. F. T. Carneiro","doi":"10.1590/s1982-21702020000200006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s1982-21702020000200006","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing usage of the space above and underneath the land surface brings up the need of controlling its occupation. The localization of the infrastructure underground network is a major challenge, and for most of the countries, this information is not yet available or not easy to access. At this juncture, the cadastre of the network location is of fundamental importance for the water management supply systems. ISO 19152 from 2012 - Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) - addresses the standardization and integration of common features of cadastre systems in a simple way, and may be applied to several aspects of land administration. Within this context, this research aims to develop a model of subsurface water utility networks, based on the standard proposed by LADM. The implementation of the model suggested by ISO 19152 was tested using the COMPESA cadastre of the water utility network as a study case. The modernization and the technological advances adopted by the company facilitated the understanding of the geographical database underlying structure and its adaptation to the international standard. The modeling was produced using UML language, and DBDesigner for the physical implementation, executed in connection with PostgreSQL/PostGIS and QGIS, was applied.","PeriodicalId":55347,"journal":{"name":"Boletim De Ciencias Geodesicas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76000938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-27DOI: 10.1590/s1982-21702020000200008
P. Käfer, S. Rolim, L. R. Diaz, Nájila Souza da Rocha, M. Iglesias, F. Rex
Land surface temperature (LST) acquired from remote sensing observations is essential to monitor surface energy and water exchange processes at the land-atmosphere interface. Most LST retrieval methodologies are developed focusing on Northern hemisphere. Consequently, Southern hemisphere has a great need for investigating the performance of LST retrieval algorithms already consolidated in the literature. In this paper, we compared a Splitwindow (SW) and a Single-channel (SC) method to retrieve LST from Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS images in a dune field, Southern Brazil. To validate the results, the Atmospheric Correction Parameter Calculator (ACPC) tool and Radiative Transfer Equation (RTE) were used. Results demonstrated that both methodologies are in accordance with the RTE, despite they overestimated the LST. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the means are not statistically significant (0.05 level). The correlations between LST retrieved and RTE were strong, producing R² of 0.984 and 0.973 for the SW and SC, respectively, and RMSE values of 1.18 and 1.6. SW also exhibited the best values of MSD (±0.983) and Bias (0.773), thus reinforcing its superior performance. SW can be applied with an accuracy of 1.18 K in Southern Brazil, without needing complex modeling or specific radiosonde.
{"title":"COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SPLIT-WINDOW AND SINGLE-CHANNEL ALGORITHMS FOR LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE RETRIEVAL OF A PSEUDO-INVARIANT TARGET","authors":"P. Käfer, S. Rolim, L. R. Diaz, Nájila Souza da Rocha, M. Iglesias, F. Rex","doi":"10.1590/s1982-21702020000200008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s1982-21702020000200008","url":null,"abstract":"Land surface temperature (LST) acquired from remote sensing observations is essential to monitor surface energy and water exchange processes at the land-atmosphere interface. Most LST retrieval methodologies are developed focusing on Northern hemisphere. Consequently, Southern hemisphere has a great need for investigating the performance of LST retrieval algorithms already consolidated in the literature. In this paper, we compared a Splitwindow (SW) and a Single-channel (SC) method to retrieve LST from Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS images in a dune field, Southern Brazil. To validate the results, the Atmospheric Correction Parameter Calculator (ACPC) tool and Radiative Transfer Equation (RTE) were used. Results demonstrated that both methodologies are in accordance with the RTE, despite they overestimated the LST. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the means are not statistically significant (0.05 level). The correlations between LST retrieved and RTE were strong, producing R² of 0.984 and 0.973 for the SW and SC, respectively, and RMSE values of 1.18 and 1.6. SW also exhibited the best values of MSD (±0.983) and Bias (0.773), thus reinforcing its superior performance. SW can be applied with an accuracy of 1.18 K in Southern Brazil, without needing complex modeling or specific radiosonde.","PeriodicalId":55347,"journal":{"name":"Boletim De Ciencias Geodesicas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86746191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-27DOI: 10.1590/s1982-21702020000200005
Caio Flávio Martinez Fontoura Júnior, Marlene Saleti Uberti, V. M. Tachibana
Housing Market appraisal studies generally apply classic regression models, whose parameters are globally estimated. However, the use of the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model, allows the parameters to be locally estimated, increasing its precision. The aim of this article is to apply the GWR model to a sample of 82 apartments, in order to create a plan of values of some districts of the West Zone of Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil. With the proposed methodology, GWR and kernel estimator, it is possible to generate a surface of values. The performance of the surface of values was assessed with (i) cross-validation between the kernel functions, with the Root-Mean Square Standardized (RMSS) error; and with (ii) the GWR adjustment factors to determine the ideal bandwidth. The contribution of generating a surface of values with geographical location via kernel estimator lies on supporting apartment pricing, such as in calculating the venal value of apartments of the West Zone of Rio de Janeiro city, besides being applied in IPTU- Imposto sobre Propriedade Predial e Territorial (The Urban Real Estate Property Tax) and ITBI - Imposto de Transmissao de Bens Imoveis (Tax on the Transfer of Real Estate) and ITBI collection.
房地产市场评估研究一般采用经典的回归模型，其参数是全局估计的。然而，使用地理加权回归(GWR)模型，允许参数局部估计，提高其精度。本文的目的是将GWR模型应用到82套公寓的样本中，以创建巴西里约热内卢市西区某些地区的价值规划。利用所提出的方法、GWR和核估计器，可以生成一个值的表面。通过(i)核函数之间的交叉验证，使用均方根标准化(RMSS)误差来评估值表面的性能;并与(ii) GWR调整因子确定理想带宽。通过核估计器生成具有地理位置的价值表面的贡献在于支持公寓定价，例如计算里约热内卢市西区公寓的贪污价值，此外还应用于IPTU- Imposto sobre Propriedade Predial e Territorial(城市房地产财产税)和ITBI - Imposto de Transmissao de Bens Imoveis(房地产转让税)和ITBI征收。
{"title":"MASS APPRAISAL OF APARTMENT THROUGH GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION","authors":"Caio Flávio Martinez Fontoura Júnior, Marlene Saleti Uberti, V. M. Tachibana","doi":"10.1590/s1982-21702020000200005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s1982-21702020000200005","url":null,"abstract":"Housing Market appraisal studies generally apply classic regression models, whose parameters are globally estimated. However, the use of the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model, allows the parameters to be locally estimated, increasing its precision. The aim of this article is to apply the GWR model to a sample of 82 apartments, in order to create a plan of values of some districts of the West Zone of Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil. With the proposed methodology, GWR and kernel estimator, it is possible to generate a surface of values. The performance of the surface of values was assessed with (i) cross-validation between the kernel functions, with the Root-Mean Square Standardized (RMSS) error; and with (ii) the GWR adjustment factors to determine the ideal bandwidth. The contribution of generating a surface of values with geographical location via kernel estimator lies on supporting apartment pricing, such as in calculating the venal value of apartments of the West Zone of Rio de Janeiro city, besides being applied in IPTU- Imposto sobre Propriedade Predial e Territorial (The Urban Real Estate Property Tax) and ITBI - Imposto de Transmissao de Bens Imoveis (Tax on the Transfer of Real Estate) and ITBI collection.","PeriodicalId":55347,"journal":{"name":"Boletim De Ciencias Geodesicas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73001963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-24DOI: 10.1590/s1982-21702020000100001
Tayná Aparecida Ferreira Gouveia, L. Sapucci, J. Monico, D. Alves
In Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), the effects of neutral atmosphere in electromagnetic signal propagation impacts directly on the quality of the final estimated position, leading to errors in the metric order. Using an atmospheric model is a good strategy to minimize these errors, because it becomes possible to obtain a neutral atmospheric delay with the same spatial and temporal resolution, taking into consideration particularities of the atmosphere treated by a numerical model. The regional model of the Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies (CPTEC) used in this paper has a spatial resolution of 15 km and a temporal resolution of 3 hours. Usually, the delay prediction of 3 hours is interpolated in time to GNSS applications and this can influence the quality of the values obtained in each interpolated epoch. Higher temporal resolutions can lead to lower errors in the final position. In this paper, the quality of delay predictions is evaluated for this atmospheric model with resolutions of 6 and 3 hours. The estimated delay, derived from meteorological data in the same location as the geodetic data, is considered as “truth”. The temporal resolution of 3 hours shows better results than using 6 hours, particularly for the hydrostatic component in the initial prediction period, RMSE of 1.25 cm was reduced to 0.2 cm in NEIA station.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF NEUTRAL ATMOSPHERIC DELAY PREDICTIONS BASED ON THE TEMPORAL RESOLUTION OF AN ATMOSPHERIC MODEL","authors":"Tayná Aparecida Ferreira Gouveia, L. Sapucci, J. Monico, D. Alves","doi":"10.1590/s1982-21702020000100001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s1982-21702020000100001","url":null,"abstract":"In Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), the effects of neutral atmosphere in electromagnetic signal propagation impacts directly on the quality of the final estimated position, leading to errors in the metric order. Using an atmospheric model is a good strategy to minimize these errors, because it becomes possible to obtain a neutral atmospheric delay with the same spatial and temporal resolution, taking into consideration particularities of the atmosphere treated by a numerical model. The regional model of the Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies (CPTEC) used in this paper has a spatial resolution of 15 km and a temporal resolution of 3 hours. Usually, the delay prediction of 3 hours is interpolated in time to GNSS applications and this can influence the quality of the values obtained in each interpolated epoch. Higher temporal resolutions can lead to lower errors in the final position. In this paper, the quality of delay predictions is evaluated for this atmospheric model with resolutions of 6 and 3 hours. The estimated delay, derived from meteorological data in the same location as the geodetic data, is considered as “truth”. The temporal resolution of 3 hours shows better results than using 6 hours, particularly for the hydrostatic component in the initial prediction period, RMSE of 1.25 cm was reduced to 0.2 cm in NEIA station.","PeriodicalId":55347,"journal":{"name":"Boletim De Ciencias Geodesicas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87026120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-24DOI: 10.1590/s1982-21702020000100003
M. Albayrak, B. Erdoğan, H. Erkaya
The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is used for precise positioning applications, such as surveying and geodesy. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the effectiveness of web-based relative positioning (RP) and precise point positioning (PPP) GNSS post-processing services using measurements of different satellite visibility obstacles. Within this framework, static GNSS observations were conducted at three control benchmarks selected taking the impact of natural and human-made obstacles on satellite signals into consideration. 3 hours of static GNSS observations in Istanbul, Turkey were repeatedly obtained from three control BMs over six days and were evaluated through two RP (AUSPOS, OPUS) and three PPP (CSRS-PPP, Magic-PPP, GAPS-PPP) web-based GNSS post-processing services. The 6-day average of the three control benchmark coordinates computed using the Bernese GPS software v5.0, and were accepted as true results. They were compared to the local coordinates acquired through the RP and PPP web-based GNSS post-processing services. The different satellite visibility conditions were found to have significant effects on the GNSS point positioning solutions. We also found that web-based GNSS post-processing services provide easy and effective solutions for geodetic positioning applications.
{"title":"PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF WEB-BASED RELATIVE AND PRECISE POINT POSITIONING TECHNIQUES WITH DIFFERENT SATELLITE VISIBILITY CONDITIONS","authors":"M. Albayrak, B. Erdoğan, H. Erkaya","doi":"10.1590/s1982-21702020000100003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s1982-21702020000100003","url":null,"abstract":"The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is used for precise positioning applications, such as surveying and geodesy. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the effectiveness of web-based relative positioning (RP) and precise point positioning (PPP) GNSS post-processing services using measurements of different satellite visibility obstacles. Within this framework, static GNSS observations were conducted at three control benchmarks selected taking the impact of natural and human-made obstacles on satellite signals into consideration. 3 hours of static GNSS observations in Istanbul, Turkey were repeatedly obtained from three control BMs over six days and were evaluated through two RP (AUSPOS, OPUS) and three PPP (CSRS-PPP, Magic-PPP, GAPS-PPP) web-based GNSS post-processing services. The 6-day average of the three control benchmark coordinates computed using the Bernese GPS software v5.0, and were accepted as true results. They were compared to the local coordinates acquired through the RP and PPP web-based GNSS post-processing services. The different satellite visibility conditions were found to have significant effects on the GNSS point positioning solutions. We also found that web-based GNSS post-processing services provide easy and effective solutions for geodetic positioning applications.","PeriodicalId":55347,"journal":{"name":"Boletim De Ciencias Geodesicas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86748150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-24DOI: 10.1590/s1982-21702020000100004
Natália Sabariego, J. Centeno
Building roof extraction has been studied for more than thirty years and it generates models that provide important information for many applications, especially urban planning. The present work aimed to model roofs only from point clouds using genetic algorithms (GAs) to develop a more automatized and efficient method. For this, firstly, an algorithm for edge detection was developed. Experiments were performed with simulated and real point clouds, obtained by LIDAR. In the experiments with simulated point clouds, three types of point clouds with different complexities were created, and the effects of noise and scan line spacing on the results were evaluated. For the experiments with real point clouds, five roofs were chosen as examples, each with a different characteristic. GAs were used to select, among the points identified during edge detection, the so-called ‘significant points’, those which are essential to the accurate reconstruction of the roof model. These points were then used to generate the models, which were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. Such evaluations showed that the use of GAs proved to be efficient for the modeling of roofs, as the model geometry was satisfactory, the error was within an acceptable range, and the computational effort was clearly reduced.
{"title":"MODELING OF ROOFS FROM POINT CLOUDS USING GENETIC ALGORITHMS","authors":"Natália Sabariego, J. Centeno","doi":"10.1590/s1982-21702020000100004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s1982-21702020000100004","url":null,"abstract":"Building roof extraction has been studied for more than thirty years and it generates models that provide important information for many applications, especially urban planning. The present work aimed to model roofs only from point clouds using genetic algorithms (GAs) to develop a more automatized and efficient method. For this, firstly, an algorithm for edge detection was developed. Experiments were performed with simulated and real point clouds, obtained by LIDAR. In the experiments with simulated point clouds, three types of point clouds with different complexities were created, and the effects of noise and scan line spacing on the results were evaluated. For the experiments with real point clouds, five roofs were chosen as examples, each with a different characteristic. GAs were used to select, among the points identified during edge detection, the so-called ‘significant points’, those which are essential to the accurate reconstruction of the roof model. These points were then used to generate the models, which were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. Such evaluations showed that the use of GAs proved to be efficient for the modeling of roofs, as the model geometry was satisfactory, the error was within an acceptable range, and the computational effort was clearly reduced.","PeriodicalId":55347,"journal":{"name":"Boletim De Ciencias Geodesicas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77028614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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