Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.1134/s1062359024607924
N. N. Kruglova, I. R. Galin, N. A. Yegorova
Abstract
The content of endogenous hormones (auxin IAA, cytokinines, ABA) in explants of various types (segments of the leaf, bud, and stem), primary calluses induced from them, and morphogenic and nonmorphogenic calluses at the initial stages of in vitro culture by the immunoassay method was studied for the first time for Lavandula angustifolia Mill. The maximum value of the hormone levels in explants such as segments of a bud was shown. An increase in the content of hormones in primary calluses was revealed in comparison with similar characteristics in all types of explants. The higher level of the active form of cytokinin (trans-zeatin) and ABA, as well as the lower level of the inactive form of cytokinin (zeatin-nucleotide) and auxin IAA, were identified in the morphogenic callus compared with the nonmorphogenic one. It is suggested that the content of endogenous hormones in explants and calluses of L. angustifolia is due to their histological status. A conclusion is made about the unified histophysiological mechanisms of callusogenesis and morphogenesis in vitro in the studied plant.
摘要 通过免疫测定法首次研究了Lavandula angustifolia Mill.的各种类型的外植体（叶片、芽和茎）、由外植体诱导的初生胼胝体以及离体培养初期的形态发生胼胝体和非形态发生胼胝体中内源激素（辅助素IAA、细胞分裂素、ABA）的含量。结果显示，芽片等外植体中的激素含量达到了最高值。与各类外植体的类似特征相比，原生胼胝体中的激素含量有所增加。与非形态发生茧相比，形态发生茧中细胞分裂素的活性形式（反式玉米素）和 ABA 的含量较高，而细胞分裂素的非活性形式（玉米素-核苷酸）和辅助素 IAA 的含量较低。研究表明，L. angustifolia 外植体和胼胝体中内源激素的含量与它们的组织学状态有关。研究得出的结论是，所研究植物的离体胼胝发生和形态发生的组织生理学机制是统一的。
{"title":"The Content of Endogenous Hormones in Explants and Calluses of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. at the Initial Stages of an In Vitro Culture","authors":"N. N. Kruglova, I. R. Galin, N. A. Yegorova","doi":"10.1134/s1062359024607924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359024607924","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The content of endogenous hormones (auxin IAA, cytokinines, ABA) in explants of various types (segments of the leaf, bud, and stem), primary calluses induced from them, and morphogenic and nonmorphogenic calluses at the initial stages of in vitro culture by the immunoassay method was studied for the first time for <i>Lavandula angustifolia</i> Mill. The maximum value of the hormone levels in explants such as segments of a bud was shown. An increase in the content of hormones in primary calluses was revealed in comparison with similar characteristics in all types of explants. The higher level of the active form of cytokinin (<i>trans</i>-zeatin) and ABA, as well as the lower level of the inactive form of cytokinin (zeatin-nucleotide) and auxin IAA, were identified in the morphogenic callus compared with the nonmorphogenic one. It is suggested that the content of endogenous hormones in explants and calluses of <i>L. angustifolia</i> is due to their histological status. A conclusion is made about the unified histophysiological mechanisms of callusogenesis and morphogenesis in vitro in the studied plant.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023606687
D. N. Fedorin, A. T. Eprintsev
Abstract
An increase in GDH activity has been established in the first six hours after plants are exposed to hypoxic conditions, which ensures the formation of an adaptive response of cellular metabolism to the lack of oxygen in the cell. A difference in the transcriptional activity of homologous GDH-1 genes in wheat leaves under stress conditions was shown. An increase in the mRNA content of the GDH-1(5A) gene in wheat leaves after plants are exposed to hypoxic conditions is observed in the first hours of the experiment, which correlates with a change in the catalytic activity of glutamate dehydrogenase. Regulation of this gene is carried out by the transcription factor HIF, the specific landing site of which is found in the transcription initiation site of the promoter of this gene.
{"title":"Molecular Aspects of Regulation of the Expression of Homologic Glutamate Dehydrogenase Genes in Wheat Leaves under Hypoxia","authors":"D. N. Fedorin, A. T. Eprintsev","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023606687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023606687","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>An increase in GDH activity has been established in the first six hours after plants are exposed to hypoxic conditions, which ensures the formation of an adaptive response of cellular metabolism to the lack of oxygen in the cell. A difference in the transcriptional activity of homologous <i>GDH-1</i> genes in wheat leaves under stress conditions was shown. An increase in the mRNA content of the <i>GDH-1</i>(<i>5A</i>) gene in wheat leaves after plants are exposed to hypoxic conditions is observed in the first hours of the experiment, which correlates with a change in the catalytic activity of glutamate dehydrogenase. Regulation of this gene is carried out by the transcription factor HIF, the specific landing site of which is found in the transcription initiation site of the promoter of this gene.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142187798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we aimed to develop a species-level phylogeny for the Nannospalax genus, identify cryptic species that are difficult to differentiate using standard methods, and further evaluate the relationships across chromosomal forms of several species. 16S rRNA gene sequences from 81 Turkish regions were evaluated and statistical analyzes were conducted. Results are as follows; (i) Nannospalax cilicicus was found to be monophyletic and sister in relation to Nannospalax xanthodon; (ii) We suggested for the first time that the Central-Anatolian populations should be classified under the species name Nannospalax cilicicus (stat. n.); (iii) the unidentified 2n = 52 cytotypes from Bolu and Nannospalax leucodon cytotypes were reciprocally monophyletic, these data support the notion that the 2n = 52 cytotypes from Bolu belong to an unidentified taxon; (iv) study also offered evidence for the monophyly of N. tuncelicus for the first time; (v) Nannospalax xanthodon (2n = 36, 38, and 40) and Nannospalax nehringi composed several species-specific clades, which form polytomy structure, so relationships between these species are still unclear.
{"title":"Phylogenetic Inference from 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing in Chromosome Races of the Genus Nannospalax Species (Rodentia: Spalacidae)","authors":"Teoman Kankılıç, Habibe Didem Çelikbilek, Tolga Kankılıç, Perinçek Seçkinozan Şeker, Engin Selvi, İlkay Civelek","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023605281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023605281","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In this study, we aimed to develop a species-level phylogeny for the <i>Nannospalax</i> genus, identify cryptic species that are difficult to differentiate using standard methods, and further evaluate the relationships across chromosomal forms of several species. <i>16S rRNA</i> gene sequences from 81 Turkish regions were evaluated and statistical analyzes were conducted. Results are as follows; (i) <i>Nannospalax cilicicus</i> was found to be monophyletic and sister in relation to <i>Nannospalax xanthodon</i>; (ii) We suggested for the first time that the Central-Anatolian populations should be classified under the species name <i>Nannospalax cilicicus</i> (stat. n.); (iii) the unidentified 2<i>n</i> = 52 cytotypes from Bolu and <i>Nannospalax leucodon</i> cytotypes were reciprocally monophyletic, these data support the notion that the 2<i>n</i> = 52 cytotypes from Bolu belong to an unidentified taxon; (iv) study also offered evidence for the monophyly of <i>N. tuncelicus</i> for the first time; (v) <i>Nannospalax xanthodon</i> (2<i>n</i> = 36, 38, and 40) and <i>Nannospalax nehringi</i> composed several species-specific clades, which form polytomy structure, so relationships between these species are still unclear.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-13DOI: 10.1134/s1062359024607699
Archana Bachheti, Pratibha Naithani, Ashish Kumar Arya, Kamal Kant Joshi
Abstract
The present study aims to provide a comprehensive bird checklist of Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, India. The study was conducted in from April 2020–March 2022. A total of 85 bird species belonging to 43 families were observed during the study period. The most abundant families were Motacillidae with Six species, followed by Cisticolidae, Columbidae, Muscicapidae, Sturnidae with five species each. Out of total 73 residents and 10 winters migratory and 2 summer migratory species were identified. The percentage of resident, winter visitor and Summer Migratory avian species was found to be 85.58, 11.76 and 2.35% respectively. The Analysis of RDi (relative diversity) results indicated that the family Motacillidae was the most diverse family, with the highest RDi value of 7.1. Total three avian species namely Red-vented bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer) and Rock Pigeons (Columba livia) and Rose-ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri) were dominantly spared in the University Campus. One species Alexandrine Parakeet (Psittacula eupatria) which observed during the study falls under the Near Threatened (NT) category. The results of the study reflect the importance of such areas as important bird habitats where various local and migratory birds are found to rest and feed.
{"title":"Avian Diversity: A Comprehensive Bird Checklist of Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun (Western Himalaya), India","authors":"Archana Bachheti, Pratibha Naithani, Ashish Kumar Arya, Kamal Kant Joshi","doi":"10.1134/s1062359024607699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359024607699","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The present study aims to provide a comprehensive bird checklist of Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, India. The study was conducted in from April 2020–March 2022. A total of 85 bird species belonging to 43 families were observed during the study period. The most abundant families were Motacillidae with Six species, followed by Cisticolidae, Columbidae, Muscicapidae, Sturnidae with five species each. Out of total 73 residents and 10 winters migratory and 2 summer migratory species were identified. The percentage of resident, winter visitor and Summer Migratory avian species was found to be 85.58, 11.76 and 2.35% respectively. The Analysis of RDi (relative diversity) results indicated that the family Motacillidae was the most diverse family, with the highest RDi value of 7.1. Total three avian species namely Red-vented bulbul (<i>Pycnonotus cafer</i>) and Rock Pigeons (<i>Columba livia</i>) and Rose-ringed parakeet (<i>Psittacula krameri</i>) were dominantly spared in the University Campus. One species Alexandrine Parakeet (<i>Psittacula eupatria</i>) which observed during the study falls under the Near Threatened (NT) category. The results of the study reflect the importance of such areas as important bird habitats where various local and migratory birds are found to rest and feed.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-13DOI: 10.1134/s1062359024608401
D. Nihal, K. V. Aneesh Kumar, P. Saha, M. P. Rajeeshkumar, H. Manjebrayakath
Abstract
The present study provides length-weight relationships (LWRs) and condition factors (Kn) estimates for ten deep-sea scorpaeniform fishes based on data consisting of new maximum size. The samples were collected from Sakthikulangara Harbour, located on the southwest coast of India, from September 2021 to December 2022. These samples were obtained as bycatch from deep-sea shrimp trawlers operating in the Arabian Sea at depths ranging from 200 to 420 m. The estimated b values ranged from 2.92 (Brachypterois serrulata) to 3.76 (Pterygotrigla arabica). The Kn ranged from 0.56 (Satyrichthys laticeps) to 1.53 (Neomerinthe erostris), with four species exhibiting Kn values higher than 1. The LWR estimates and Kn provided in this study are helpful to understand the growth characteristics of these data limited species and also to revalidate the modeled growth parameters using the Bayesian approach.
{"title":"Growth Characteristics of 10 Deep-Sea Demersal Scorpaenoid Fish Species from the Arabian Sea: Insights for Database Update and Fisheries Management","authors":"D. Nihal, K. V. Aneesh Kumar, P. Saha, M. P. Rajeeshkumar, H. Manjebrayakath","doi":"10.1134/s1062359024608401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359024608401","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The present study provides length-weight relationships (LWRs) and condition factors (Kn) estimates for ten deep-sea scorpaeniform fishes based on data consisting of new maximum size. The samples were collected from Sakthikulangara Harbour, located on the southwest coast of India, from September 2021 to December 2022. These samples were obtained as bycatch from deep-sea shrimp trawlers operating in the Arabian Sea at depths ranging from 200 to 420 m. The estimated <i>b</i> values ranged from 2.92 (<i>Brachypterois serrulata</i>) to 3.76 (<i>Pterygotrigla arabica</i>). The Kn ranged from 0.56 (<i>Satyrichthys laticeps</i>) to 1.53 (<i>Neomerinthe erostris</i>), with four species exhibiting Kn values higher than 1. The LWR estimates and Kn provided in this study are helpful to understand the growth characteristics of these data limited species and also to revalidate the modeled growth parameters using the Bayesian approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-13DOI: 10.1134/s1062359024607171
Faouzi Horchani, Amal Bouallegue, Ahmed Namsi, Zouhaier Abbes
Abstract
The effects of exogenously applied ascorbic acid (AsA, 1 mM) and proline (Pro, 1 mM), were evaluated on the growth, nutritional behavior, some key biochemical attributes, oxidative damage indicators, osmolytes accumulation as well as antioxidant system in wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum cv. Salammbô) grown in the presence of 100 mM NaCl. AsA or Pro supplementation ameliorated wheat seedlings’ growth and increased parameters that were reduced by salinity. Relative water content, total chlorophyll, K+ and total carbohydrates contents as well as K+/Na+ ratio and root-to-shoot K+ translocation were significantly increased. Osmoprotectant contents were remarkably accumulated, whereas Na+ content and root-to-shoot Na+ translocation were significantly declined. Additionally, exogenous AsA or Pro application enhanced the antioxidant defense system components and insured better oxidative stress tolerance, as indicated by reduced H2O2 production and lipid peroxidation, resulting in an increased membrane stability index. Such effects were further enhanced following the simultaneous application of AsA and Pro, resulting in a better growth, as compared to single applications of these substances. Taken together, findings of this study provide strong arguments highlighting the potential synergy between exogenously applied AsA and Pro in mitigating the adverse effects of salt stress of wheat plants at the early seedling stage.
摘要 评价了外源添加抗坏血酸（AsA，1 mM）和脯氨酸（Pro，1 mM）对在100 mM NaCl条件下生长的小麦幼苗（Triticum aestivum cv. Salammbô）的生长、营养行为、一些关键生化属性、氧化损伤指标、渗透溶质积累以及抗氧化系统的影响。AsA或Pro的补充改善了小麦幼苗的生长，并提高了因盐度而降低的参数。相对含水量、总叶绿素、K+和总碳水化合物含量、K+/Na+比率以及根到芽的K+转化率均显著增加。渗透保护剂含量明显增加，而 Na+ 含量和根-根之间的 Na+ 转化率则明显下降。此外，施用外源 AsA 或 Pro 能增强抗氧化防御系统成分，确保更好的氧化胁迫耐受性，如减少 H2O2 生成和脂质过氧化，从而提高膜稳定性指数。同时施用 AsA 和 Pro 后，上述效果进一步增强，与单一施用这两种物质相比，生长效果更好。总之，这项研究的结果提供了有力的论据，突出了外源施用 AsA 和 Pro 在减轻小麦植物幼苗期盐胁迫的不利影响方面的潜在协同作用。
{"title":"Simultaneous Application of Ascorbic Acid and Proline as a Smart Approach to Mitigate the Adverse Effects of Salt Stress in Wheat (Triticum aestivum)","authors":"Faouzi Horchani, Amal Bouallegue, Ahmed Namsi, Zouhaier Abbes","doi":"10.1134/s1062359024607171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359024607171","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The effects of exogenously applied ascorbic acid (AsA, 1 mM) and proline (Pro, 1 mM), were evaluated on the growth, nutritional behavior, some key biochemical attributes, oxidative damage indicators, osmolytes accumulation as well as antioxidant system in wheat seedlings (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> cv. Salammbô) grown in the presence of 100 mM NaCl. AsA or Pro supplementation ameliorated wheat seedlings’ growth and increased parameters that were reduced by salinity. Relative water content, total chlorophyll, K<sup>+</sup> and total carbohydrates contents as well as K<sup>+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup> ratio and root-to-shoot K<sup>+</sup> translocation were significantly increased. Osmoprotectant contents were remarkably accumulated, whereas Na<sup>+</sup> content and root-to-shoot Na<sup>+</sup> translocation were significantly declined. Additionally, exogenous AsA or Pro application enhanced the antioxidant defense system components and insured better oxidative stress tolerance, as indicated by reduced H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production and lipid peroxidation, resulting in an increased membrane stability index. Such effects were further enhanced following the simultaneous application of AsA and Pro, resulting in a better growth, as compared to single applications of these substances. Taken together, findings of this study provide strong arguments highlighting the potential synergy between exogenously applied AsA and Pro in mitigating the adverse effects of salt stress of wheat plants at the early seedling stage.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current study aims to understand the role of various morphological features of pollen grains in attachment with moth proboscides. To test the hypothesis, moth samples are collected from 11 sites in three districts of Arunachal Pradesh and West Bengal, North East India. Pollen of 18 angiosperm families are isolated from the proboscides of 16 moth species in four families. We selected proboscides for the isolation of pollen because it is the most important organ of moths which interacts with flowers during moth visitation. The isolated pollen is studied for various morphological characters like pollen shape, unit, exine ornamentation, thickness, aperture numbers, and aperture types along with specialized structures i.e., viscin thread and pollenkitt, and analyzed for their attachment on the proboscides. The present study revealed the significant role of pollen shape, unit, exine characters, viscin thread, and pollenkitt in attachment with proboscides. Whereas, the aperture numbers and aperture types are found insignificant in the process of pollen attachment. Studies on the formation of viscin thread and pollenkitt may be established as an important tool to understand the specialized and generalized interactions between moths and angiosperms. The present study will open up a new horizon in pollination ecology.
{"title":"Unveiling the Role of Angiosperm Pollen Morphology in Attachment to the Moth (Lepidoptera) Proboscides","authors":"Dipayan Mitra, Rajesh Lenka, Monoranjan Chowdhury, Navneet Singh","doi":"10.1134/s1062359024608322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359024608322","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The current study aims to understand the role of various morphological features of pollen grains in attachment with moth proboscides. To test the hypothesis, moth samples are collected from 11 sites in three districts of Arunachal Pradesh and West Bengal, North East India. Pollen of 18 angiosperm families are isolated from the proboscides of 16 moth species in four families. We selected proboscides for the isolation of pollen because it is the most important organ of moths which interacts with flowers during moth visitation. The isolated pollen is studied for various morphological characters like pollen shape, unit, exine ornamentation, thickness, aperture numbers, and aperture types along with specialized structures i.e., viscin thread and pollenkitt, and analyzed for their attachment on the proboscides. The present study revealed the significant role of pollen shape, unit, exine characters, viscin thread, and pollenkitt in attachment with proboscides. Whereas, the aperture numbers and aperture types are found insignificant in the process of pollen attachment. Studies on the formation of viscin thread and pollenkitt may be established as an important tool to understand the specialized and generalized interactions between moths and angiosperms. The present study will open up a new horizon in pollination ecology.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"2010 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scorpions are known to exhibit sexual size dimorphism, but data is still lacking from a large number of species throughout the world. Such information is nonetheless essential for a better understanding of the factors and processes shaping scorpion morphology. In this work, we investigated sexual size dimorphism in Buthus tunetanus, a common scorpion species in Tunisia. Using morphometric data on a sample of 100 females and 142 males, we assessed sexual differences in body parts and investigated allometric relationships. Results showed significant sexual size dimorphism in weapon systems, namely the metasoma and chelae. More specifically, there was male-biased dimorphism in metasoma size but female-biased dimorphism in chela size. Increased body size was associated with an exaggerated increase in metasoma size in males and chela size in females. These patterns are in agreement with those previously reported in other scorpion species and highlight the roles of sexual differences in mating behavior and ecological requirements in shaping the morphology of weapon systems in scorpions.
{"title":"Sexual Size Dimorphism in Buthus tunetanus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Tunisia","authors":"Sarra Hajri, Jamel Babay, Slaheddine Selmi, Saïd Nouira","doi":"10.1134/s1062359024607730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359024607730","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Scorpions are known to exhibit sexual size dimorphism, but data is still lacking from a large number of species throughout the world. Such information is nonetheless essential for a better understanding of the factors and processes shaping scorpion morphology. In this work, we investigated sexual size dimorphism in <i>Buthus tunetanus</i>, a common scorpion species in Tunisia. Using morphometric data on a sample of 100 females and 142 males, we assessed sexual differences in body parts and investigated allometric relationships. Results showed significant sexual size dimorphism in weapon systems, namely the metasoma and chelae. More specifically, there was male-biased dimorphism in metasoma size but female-biased dimorphism in chela size. Increased body size was associated with an exaggerated increase in metasoma size in males and chela size in females. These patterns are in agreement with those previously reported in other scorpion species and highlight the roles of sexual differences in mating behavior and ecological requirements in shaping the morphology of weapon systems in scorpions.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-13DOI: 10.1134/s1062359024607869
Yuan Bian, Yifan Xu, Wenbin Bao, Zhengchang Wu
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) as a reversible RNA modification has become a new direction and hotspot of RNA epigenetics research in the field of pig genetic breeding. However, the relationship between the m6A demethylase ALKBH5 and porcine growth and development as well as pathogenic microbial infection still remains unknown. Here, the expression levels of ALKBH5 in tissues of Meishan pigs at different stages from birth to adulthood were detected by qPCR. Then, we analyzed the expression change of ALKBH5 protein in IPEC-J2 cells after pathogenic infection (PEDV, TGEV, PCV2 and E. coli F18). Results showed that ALKBH5 was expressed in different tissues of Meishan pigs. The expression levels were high in spleen, lung and intestinal tissues (duodenum, jejunum and ileum). Besides, similar expression patterns were observed in specific tissues at different developmental stages. In addition, the expressions of ALKBH5 in the intestinal tissues (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) were significantly lower in the adult stage than in the birth and juvenile stages (P < 0.05). ALKBH5 protein was significantly up-regulated in IPEC-J2 cells with PEDV or PCV2 infection, but not TGEV. After E. coli F18 infection, the expressions of ALKBH5 mRNA and protein were both significantly down-regulated. Our findings indicated that ALKBH5 expression is closely related to the intestinal resistance to pathogenic infection in piglets. Therefore, it is necessary to further verify the function and mechanism of ALKBH5 gene at the cellular and individual levels in the future, in order to identify it as an important candidate marker for pig disease resistance breeding.
{"title":"Identification of Tissue Expression Characteristics of Pig ALKBH5 and Its Association with Pathogenic Microbial Infection","authors":"Yuan Bian, Yifan Xu, Wenbin Bao, Zhengchang Wu","doi":"10.1134/s1062359024607869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359024607869","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>N<sup>6</sup>-methyladenosine (m<sup>6</sup>A) as a reversible RNA modification has become a new direction and hotspot of RNA epigenetics research in the field of pig genetic breeding. However, the relationship between the m<sup>6</sup>A demethylase ALKBH5 and porcine growth and development as well as pathogenic microbial infection still remains unknown. Here, the expression levels of ALKBH5 in tissues of Meishan pigs at different stages from birth to adulthood were detected by qPCR. Then, we analyzed the expression change of ALKBH5 protein in IPEC-J2 cells after pathogenic infection (PEDV, TGEV, PCV2 and <i>E. coli</i> F18). Results showed that ALKBH5 was expressed in different tissues of Meishan pigs. The expression levels were high in spleen, lung and intestinal tissues (duodenum, jejunum and ileum). Besides, similar expression patterns were observed in specific tissues at different developmental stages. In addition, the expressions of ALKBH5 in the intestinal tissues (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) were significantly lower in the adult stage than in the birth and juvenile stages (<i>P</i> < 0.05). ALKBH5 protein was significantly up-regulated in IPEC-J2 cells with PEDV or PCV2 infection, but not TGEV. After <i>E. coli</i> F18 infection, the expressions of ALKBH5 mRNA and protein were both significantly down-regulated. Our findings indicated that ALKBH5 expression is closely related to the intestinal resistance to pathogenic infection in piglets. Therefore, it is necessary to further verify the function and mechanism of <i>ALKBH5</i> gene at the cellular and individual levels in the future, in order to identify it as an important candidate marker for pig disease resistance breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-13DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023606481
Chengquan Han, Biao Wei, Lizeng Guan, Lu Xu
Abstract
Bain damage caused by Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is associated with increased inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Rutin, a natural product extracted from tobacco leaves and tomatoes, has excellent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in vivo, but its ameliorative effect on T. gondii infection-induced brain tissue damage remain unknown. In this study, mice were acutely infected with RH virulent strains of T. gondii, then treated with 0–50 mg/kg of Rutin. Results showed that Rutin significantly reduced the number of abnormal morphological neurons in the hippocampal region of brain tissue, decreased the concentration of Iba-1, the biomarker of microglia which indicates increased tissue damage and inflammation in the brain; decreased the level of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) in serum and increased the content of antioxidant enzymes (GSH and SOD) in brain tissue; and decreased the enrichment of oxidation products MDA. Results showed significant downregulation of key proteins in the two inflammation-related pathways, TLRs/NF-κB, P2X7R/NLRP3. While the proteins in the antioxidant-related pathways were noticeably upregulated in the T. gondii-infected brain tissue with Rutin treatment. These findings suggest that Rutin ameliorates T. gondii-induced brain tissue damage, may involving in inhibiting the TLRs/NF-κB and P2X7R/NLRP3 inflammatory signaling pathways, and activating the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway. The findings could provide some theoretical support for Rutin’s potential therapeutic use in treating T. gondii-related brain damage in the future.
{"title":"Rutin Ameliorates Toxoplasma gondii-Induced Brain Tissue Damage via Inhibiting P2X7R/NLRP3 Pro-Inflammatory and Enhancing PI3K/AKT/Nrf2/HO-1 Antioxidant Signaling Pathway","authors":"Chengquan Han, Biao Wei, Lizeng Guan, Lu Xu","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023606481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023606481","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Bain damage caused by <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> (<i>T. gondii</i>) is associated with increased inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Rutin, a natural product extracted from tobacco leaves and tomatoes, has excellent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in vivo, but its ameliorative effect on <i>T. gondii</i> infection-induced brain tissue damage remain unknown. In this study, mice were acutely infected with RH virulent strains of <i>T. gondii</i>, then treated with 0–50 mg/kg of Rutin. Results showed that Rutin significantly reduced the number of abnormal morphological neurons in the hippocampal region of brain tissue, decreased the concentration of Iba-1, the biomarker of microglia which indicates increased tissue damage and inflammation in the brain; decreased the level of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) in serum and increased the content of antioxidant enzymes (GSH and SOD) in brain tissue; and decreased the enrichment of oxidation products MDA. Results showed significant downregulation of key proteins in the two inflammation-related pathways, TLRs/NF-κB, P2X7R/NLRP3. While the proteins in the antioxidant-related pathways were noticeably upregulated in the <i>T. gondii</i>-infected brain tissue with Rutin treatment. These findings suggest that Rutin ameliorates <i>T. gondii</i>-induced brain tissue damage, may involving in inhibiting the TLRs/NF-κB and P2X7R/NLRP3 inflammatory signaling pathways, and activating the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway. The findings could provide some theoretical support for Rutin’s potential therapeutic use in treating <i>T. gondii</i>-related brain damage in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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