Pub Date : 2024-05-31DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023605748
S. Baasanmunkh, D. Munkhtulga, N. Nyamgerel, B. Oyuntsetseg, A. Undruul, Z. Tsegmed, M. S. Knyazev, H. J. Choi
Abstract
Astragalus L. is one of the largest genera, including over 3000 taxa worldwide. In the present study, we found two new records of A. teskhemicus Sytin and Shaulo and A. testiculatus Pall. in western Mongolia. We provided a morphological revision and DNA barcoding (ITS) of two new records along with that of the most similar Astragalus species including A. ammodytes Pall., A.gubanovii N. Ulziykh., A. hypogaeus Ledeb., A. junatovii Sanchir. Furthermore, we made detailed photo illustrations and wild photos for new records and four species based on our field observations, respectively. The general distribution, taxonomic notes, type information, habitats, and species examined are given.
摘要黄芪属（Astragalus L.）是世界上最大的属之一，包括 3000 多个分类群。在本研究中，我们在蒙古西部发现了两个新记录：A. teskhemicus Sytin and Shaulo 和 A. testiculatus Pall.。ammodytes Pall.、A. gubanovii N. Ulziykh.、A. hypogaeus Ledeb.、A. junatovii Sanchir.等最相似的黄芪种。此外，我们还根据实地观察为新记录和四个物种分别制作了详细的照片插图和野生照片。文中给出了该物种的大致分布、分类注释、模式信息、栖息地和考察物种。
{"title":"Taxonomic Studies on the Genus Astragalus (Fabaceae) from Mongolia (I): Two New Records of A. testiculatus and A. teskhemicus Based on Morphological and Molecular Evidence","authors":"S. Baasanmunkh, D. Munkhtulga, N. Nyamgerel, B. Oyuntsetseg, A. Undruul, Z. Tsegmed, M. S. Knyazev, H. J. Choi","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023605748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023605748","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p><i>Astragalus</i> L. is one of the largest genera, including over 3000 taxa worldwide. In the present study, we found two new records of <i>A. teskhemicus</i> Sytin and Shaulo and <i>A. testiculatus</i> Pall. in western Mongolia. We provided a morphological revision and DNA barcoding (ITS) of two new records along with that of the most similar <i>Astragalus</i> species including <i>A. ammodytes</i> Pall., <i>A.</i> <i>gubanovii</i> N. Ulziykh., <i>A. hypogaeus</i> Ledeb., <i>A. junatovii</i> Sanchir. Furthermore, we made detailed photo illustrations and wild photos for new records and four species based on our field observations, respectively. The general distribution, taxonomic notes, type information, habitats, and species examined are given.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141195811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-31DOI: 10.1134/s1062359024606554
N. Ertorun, M. B. Mutlu
Abstract
Mayflies, recognized for their hemimetabolous life cycle and ephemeral adult phase, exhibit diverse larval forms categorized as burrowing, flattened, swimming, and creeping. Ameletus inopinatus Eaton, 1887, a member of the Ameletidae family within the order Ephemeroptera, undergoes aquatic development and is commonly found in the tranquil stretches of small rivers or streams, particularly among stones and boulders. This study focused on A. inopinatus nymphs collected from Yarımca village in Eskişehir, Turkiye. Employing molecular techniques and culture-independent methods, rRNA-based analyses were conducted to characterize the archaeal and bacterial communities within the nymphs’ gut. Microbial DNA was extracted from the gut, and PCR amplification targeted 16S rRNA genes for both Archaea and Bacteria domains. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) separated the amplified products, yielding six distinct bands with Bacteria-specific primers. The subsequent analysis of 16S rRNA sequencing from DGGE bands revealed a predominance of the Proteobacteria phylum within the gut lumen. Complementary investigations into prokaryotic diversity employed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. Total DAPI cell counts indicated a microbial cell population of approximately 106 ± 0.18 in the samples. The overarching conclusion derived from these findings is that the microbial community within the Ameletus inopinatus gut is predominantly associated with the Bacteria domain. Recognizing the ecological importance of this symbiotic relationship, the coexistence of mayflies with specific microbial communities is emphasized, underscoring the potential mutualistic roles played by these microorganisms in the life cycle and ecological dynamics of Ameletus inopinatus. This research not only contributes valuable insights into the microbial ecology of mayfly nymphs but also underscores the significance of understanding the intricate relationships between insects and their associated microorganisms for broader ecological perspectives and potential applications in environmental management.
{"title":"Reveal of Gut Microbiota of Nymphs Ameletus inopinatus (Eaton), 1887 (Ephemeroptera: Ameletidae) with Molecular and Microbiological Analyzes","authors":"N. Ertorun, M. B. Mutlu","doi":"10.1134/s1062359024606554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359024606554","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Mayflies, recognized for their hemimetabolous life cycle and ephemeral adult phase, exhibit diverse larval forms categorized as burrowing, flattened, swimming, and creeping. <i>Ameletus inopinatus</i> Eaton, 1887, a member of the Ameletidae family within the order Ephemeroptera, undergoes aquatic development and is commonly found in the tranquil stretches of small rivers or streams, particularly among stones and boulders. This study focused on <i>A. inopinatus</i> nymphs collected from Yarımca village in Eskişehir, Turkiye. Employing molecular techniques and culture-independent methods, rRNA-based analyses were conducted to characterize the archaeal and bacterial communities within the nymphs’ gut. Microbial DNA was extracted from the gut, and PCR amplification targeted 16S rRNA genes for both Archaea and Bacteria domains. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) separated the amplified products, yielding six distinct bands with Bacteria-specific primers. The subsequent analysis of 16S rRNA sequencing from DGGE bands revealed a predominance of the Proteobacteria phylum within the gut lumen. Complementary investigations into prokaryotic diversity employed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. Total DAPI cell counts indicated a microbial cell population of approximately 10<sup>6</sup> ± 0.18 in the samples. The overarching conclusion derived from these findings is that the microbial community within the <i>Ameletus inopinatus</i> gut is predominantly associated with the Bacteria domain. Recognizing the ecological importance of this symbiotic relationship, the coexistence of mayflies with specific microbial communities is emphasized, underscoring the potential mutualistic roles played by these microorganisms in the life cycle and ecological dynamics of <i>Ameletus inopinatus</i>. This research not only contributes valuable insights into the microbial ecology of mayfly nymphs but also underscores the significance of understanding the intricate relationships between insects and their associated microorganisms for broader ecological perspectives and potential applications in environmental management.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141195643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-31DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023603567
Shahrokh Mojarradgandoukmolla, Hasan Akan, Takım Kasım, Sevgi Durna Dastan, Hatice Gumushan Aktas
Abstract
Trigonella filipes Boiss, Trigonella strangulata Boiss., and Trigonella uninata Banks and Sol., are three commonly used species that grow well in Iraq’s northern suburbs and are frequently consumed and used in traditional medicine. The current study was planned to assess and identify the active chemicals in these plant species, as well as to analyze their anticancer and antiprofeliration effects in rats treated with alcohol and cholesterol. Plant extracts were tested for oxidative stress index (OSI), total oxidant status (TOS), and total antioxidant status (TAS). Administration of Trigonella foenum-graecum and Trigonella monantha significantly improved these changes in diseased rats. MTT cytotoxicity test was used to investigate the cytotoxic properties of Trigonella filipes, Trigonella strangulata, and Trigonella uncinata plant extracts on three distinct cell lines in varied concentrations (1–10–100–1000 g/mL) after 24 h of incubation. The results were supported that these three plant taxa have high phytochemical compounds that have physiological effects such as inhibit cell proliferation, improving the function of liver and kidney function, and antioxidants effect.
{"title":"Anticancer and Cytotoxic Activities of Some Trigonella Species on MCF-7, L929 and HeLa Cell Lines","authors":"Shahrokh Mojarradgandoukmolla, Hasan Akan, Takım Kasım, Sevgi Durna Dastan, Hatice Gumushan Aktas","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023603567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023603567","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p><i>Trigonella filipes</i> Boiss, <i>Trigonella strangulata</i> Boiss., and <i>Trigonella uninata</i> Banks and Sol., are three commonly used species that grow well in Iraq’s northern suburbs and are frequently consumed and used in traditional medicine. The current study was planned to assess and identify the active chemicals in these plant species, as well as to analyze their anticancer and antiprofeliration effects in rats treated with alcohol and cholesterol. Plant extracts were tested for oxidative stress index (OSI), total oxidant status (TOS), and total antioxidant status (TAS). Administration of <i>Trigonella foenum-graecum</i> and <i>Trigonella monantha</i> significantly improved these changes in diseased rats. MTT cytotoxicity test was used to investigate the cytotoxic properties of <i>Trigonella filipes</i>, <i>Trigonella strangulata,</i> and <i>Trigonella uncinata</i> plant extracts on three distinct cell lines in varied concentrations (1–10–100–1000 g/mL) after 24 h of incubation. The results were supported that these three plant taxa have high phytochemical compounds that have physiological effects such as inhibit cell proliferation, improving the function of liver and kidney function, and antioxidants effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141195650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-31DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023604391
Jaspreet Kaur
Abstract
In this study, flavohemoproteins from protist, bacterial and fungal sources as well those available in metagenome data have been characterized using standard bioinformatics tools in order to study their phylogenetic relationships, three-dimensional structure and functional parameters. 5 clusters of metagenomic proteins were identified which showed the closest neighbors with known genera. The average length of flavohemoprotein in the data set was found to be 414 residues. The average pI and molecular weight (MW) was 6.72 and 47.28 kDa respectively in all strains including metagenome sequences. Flavohemoproteins showed similar amino acid composition among different organisms including proteins from metagenomic data and from known genera, with relative higher abundance of amino acids Ala and Leu. The secondary structure prediction results revealed that the enzymes are dominated by α-helices and random coils. Tertiary structure analysis revealed the presence of three ligand binding sites for Heme, FAD and NAD. The computational analysis of flavohemoproteins from metagenomic data done in this study can provide useful sequence and structural information which can be further used for metaproteomic analysis in search for novel flavohemoprotein enzymes from the environment.
摘要 本研究使用标准生物信息学工具，对来自原生动物、细菌和真菌以及元基因组数据中的黄化蛋白进行了表征，以研究它们的系统发育关系、三维结构和功能参数。共鉴定出 5 个元基因组蛋白质簇，这些蛋白质簇与已知菌属的关系最为密切。数据集中的黄血蛋白平均长度为 414 个残基。包括元基因组序列在内的所有菌株的平均 pI 和分子量（MW）分别为 6.72 和 47.28 kDa。不同生物体（包括元基因组数据中的蛋白质和已知种属中的蛋白质）的黄素化蛋白质显示出相似的氨基酸组成，氨基酸Ala和Leu的含量相对较高。二级结构预测结果显示，酶主要由α-螺旋和随机线圈组成。三级结构分析表明，存在血红素、FAD 和 NAD 三个配体结合位点。本研究从元基因组数据中对黄血蛋白进行的计算分析可提供有用的序列和结构信息，这些信息可进一步用于元蛋白组分析，从环境中寻找新型黄血蛋白酶。
{"title":"In Silico Analysis of Phylogeny, Structure, and Function of Flavohemoproteins from Metagenomic Data","authors":"Jaspreet Kaur","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023604391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023604391","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In this study, flavohemoproteins from protist, bacterial and fungal sources as well those available in metagenome data have been characterized using standard bioinformatics tools in order to study their phylogenetic relationships, three-dimensional structure and functional parameters. 5 clusters of metagenomic proteins were identified which showed the closest neighbors with known genera. The average length of flavohemoprotein in the data set was found to be 414 residues. The average pI and molecular weight (MW) was 6.72 and 47.28 kDa respectively in all strains including metagenome sequences. Flavohemoproteins showed similar amino acid composition among different organisms including proteins from metagenomic data and from known genera, with relative higher abundance of amino acids Ala and Leu. The secondary structure prediction results revealed that the enzymes are dominated by α-helices and random coils. Tertiary structure analysis revealed the presence of three ligand binding sites for Heme, FAD and NAD. The computational analysis of flavohemoproteins from metagenomic data done in this study can provide useful sequence and structural information which can be further used for metaproteomic analysis in search for novel flavohemoprotein enzymes from the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141195785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-31DOI: 10.1134/s1062359024606712
A. M. Darwish, M. A. Abdelhafez, S. I. Othman, H. A. El-Metwaly, H. A. Rudayni, A. A. Allam
Abstract
Nonetheless the key roles of growth hormone (GH) and insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) genes in livestock growth traits (including body measurements), few studies deployed them in camels, unlike other livestock species (cattle, buffalo, sheep, and goat). So, this study was performed to investigate the genetic polymorphism of GH and IGF-1 markers, in Maghrabi camels by PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing tools, with assessing the impacted live body measurements traits. In this study, 65 blood samples were collected from Maghrabi camel, and different body measurements were valued. Different genotypes of GH and IGF-1 genes were determined, via SSCP-PCR and sequencing tools. The results pointed out one genotype for the IGF-I gene, and three genotypes for the GH gene, with 23.21, 42.85, and 33.95 frequencies, of AA, AB, and BB genotypes, respectively. The sequence analysis showed specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), for both A and B alleles. Those SNPs triggered alteration in some of the amino acids. Moreover, individuals of the BB genotype recorded the highest value in body weight, Neck length, Height at lumbar area, Anterior limb length, Neck circumference, and increased Body length associated with the AA genotype. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences, between the three genotypes, for the other body measurements. This study found that Maghrabi camels possess three genotypes of the GH gene and one genotype of the IGFI gene, and the BB genotype of the GH gene was associated with high performance of growth traits. Therefore, it is useful to use camel individuals, with the BB genotype of the GH gene, in camelid breeding programs, to improve live body measurement traits.
{"title":"Genetic Polymorphism of GH and IGF-1 Genes and Body Measurements Traits in Maghrabi Camel","authors":"A. M. Darwish, M. A. Abdelhafez, S. I. Othman, H. A. El-Metwaly, H. A. Rudayni, A. A. Allam","doi":"10.1134/s1062359024606712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359024606712","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Nonetheless the key roles of growth hormone (GH) and insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) genes in livestock growth traits (including body measurements), few studies deployed them in camels, unlike other livestock species (cattle, buffalo, sheep, and goat). So, this study was performed to investigate the genetic polymorphism of GH and IGF-1 markers, in Maghrabi camels by PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing tools, with assessing the impacted live body measurements traits. In this study, 65 blood samples were collected from Maghrabi camel, and different body measurements were valued. Different genotypes of GH and IGF-1 genes were determined, via SSCP-PCR and sequencing tools. The results pointed out one genotype for the IGF-I gene, and three genotypes for the GH gene, with 23.21, 42.85, and 33.95 frequencies, of AA, AB, and BB genotypes, respectively. The sequence analysis showed specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), for both A and B alleles. Those SNPs triggered alteration in some of the amino acids. Moreover, individuals of the BB genotype recorded the highest value in body weight, Neck length, Height at lumbar area, Anterior limb length, Neck circumference, and increased Body length associated with the AA genotype. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences, between the three genotypes, for the other body measurements. This study found that Maghrabi camels possess three genotypes of the GH gene and one genotype of the IGFI gene, and the BB genotype of the GH gene was associated with high performance of growth traits. Therefore, it is useful to use camel individuals, with the BB genotype of the GH gene, in camelid breeding programs, to improve live body measurement traits.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141195810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-31DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023606067
Mubasher Ahmad Malik, Ishita Ahuja, Samina Nazeer Ahmad, Atle Bone, Jam Nazeer Ahmad
Abstract
In the Brassicaceae family, a glucosinolate-myrosinase-based system exists against herbivory Glucosinolate-Myrosinase system is differentially compartmentalized but substrate glucosinolate enter in contact with the enzyme myrosinase when plant tissues are attacked by insects. The glucosinolate breakdown into a variety of biologically active toxins further deterrenting the herbivory of different chewing and sucking insect pests. The myrosinase enzyme present is in myrosin cells were genetically removed from B. napus plant during the seed development. These genetically modified myrosin cells free plants are known as MINELESS plant. Genetically modified oilseed rape (Brassica napus) was produced by removing toxic mines. Here, we evaluauted the tritrophic interaction between Brassica napus wildtype and genetically modified and polyphagous pest Spodoptera. In force feeding experiment, larval growth of S. exigua was slow and gained less weight on MINELESS seedlings as compared to wild-type seedling. Additionally, highest amount of total glucosinolate was found in MINELESS control than that of wild type control. Myrosinase activity was not affected by the S. exigua feeding on the MINELESS plants. However, reduced activity of myrosinase was observed in the wild-type seedlings. Moreover, the S. exigua induced the concentration of tryptophan derived glucosinolate (indol-3-yl-methyl, 1-methoxy-indol-3-yl-methyl) that was found slightly higher in MINELESS seedlings than on wild-type seedling. Feeding of S. exigua deregulated the level of glucosinolate hydrolysis products in both types of plants. Transcriptional data after S. exigua feeding on wildtype and MINELESS showed differential response of methyl jasmonate and glucosinolate responsive genes were observed. We also observed that after methyl jasmonate treatment, methyl jasmonate and glucosinolate responsive genes were incease in the wild-type and MINELESS seedlings showing their negative effect on the growth of S. exigua. Overall, generalist insect results are interesting by considering the function of myrosin cells and binary defense system. Further, same experiment should be performed against generalist and specialist insect herbivores of above- and below-ground.
摘要 在十字花科植物中，存在一个以葡萄糖苷酸-酪氨酸酶为基础的系统来对抗草食性害虫。葡萄糖苷酸-酪氨酸酶系统具有不同的分区，但当植物组织受到昆虫攻击时，底物葡萄糖苷酸会与酪氨酸酶接触。葡萄糖苷酸分解成多种具有生物活性的毒素，进一步阻止各种咀嚼性和吸吮性害虫的食草行为。在油菜的种子发育过程中，从油菜植物的rosin细胞中遗传性地移除了存在于rosin细胞中的rosin酶。这些不含酪氨酸细胞的转基因植物被称为无酪氨酸植物。通过去除有毒的地雷，生产出了转基因油菜（甘蓝型油菜）。在这里，我们评估了野生型甘蓝型油菜和转基因甘蓝型油菜与多食性害虫 Spodoptera 之间的三营养交互作用。在强制喂食实验中，与野生型幼苗相比，S. exigua幼虫在MINELESS幼苗上生长缓慢，体重增加较少。此外，与野生型对照相比，MINELESS 对照的总葡萄糖苷酸含量最高。绵霉素酶的活性没有受到 S. exigua 摄食 MINELESS 植物的影响。然而，在野生型幼苗中观察到酪氨酸酶活性降低。此外，S. exigua 还诱导色氨酸衍生的葡糖苷酸（吲哚-3-基-甲基、1-甲氧基-吲哚-3-基-甲基）在 MINELESS 幼苗上的浓度略高于野生型幼苗。饲喂 S. exigua 会降低两种植物中葡萄糖苷酸水解产物的水平。饲喂 S. exigua 后，野生型和 MINELESS 的转录数据显示，茉莉酸甲酯和葡萄糖苷酸响应基因的反应存在差异。我们还观察到，在茉莉酸甲酯处理后，野生型和 MINELESS 幼苗中的茉莉酸甲酯和葡萄糖苷酸响应基因减少，这表明它们对 S. exigua 的生长有负面影响。总之，通过考虑髓鞘细胞和二元防御系统的功能，通用昆虫的研究结果很有意义。此外，应针对地上和地下的通性和专性昆虫食草动物进行相同的实验。
{"title":"Defense Response Study in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) in Response to Beet Armyworm Spodoptera exigua","authors":"Mubasher Ahmad Malik, Ishita Ahuja, Samina Nazeer Ahmad, Atle Bone, Jam Nazeer Ahmad","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023606067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023606067","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In the Brassicaceae family, a glucosinolate-myrosinase-based system exists against herbivory Glucosinolate-Myrosinase system is differentially compartmentalized but substrate glucosinolate enter in contact with the enzyme myrosinase when plant tissues are attacked by insects. The glucosinolate breakdown into a variety of biologically active toxins further deterrenting the herbivory of different chewing and sucking insect pests. The myrosinase enzyme present is in myrosin cells were genetically removed from <i>B. napus</i> plant during the seed development. These genetically modified myrosin cells free plants are known as <i>MINELESS</i> plant. Genetically modified oilseed rape (<i>Brassica napus</i>) was produced by removing toxic mines. Here, we evaluauted the tritrophic interaction between <i>Brassica napus</i> wildtype and genetically modified and polyphagous pest <i>Spodoptera</i>. In force feeding experiment, larval growth of <i>S. exigua</i> was slow and gained less weight on <i>MINELESS</i> seedlings as compared to wild-type seedling. Additionally, highest amount of total glucosinolate was found in <i>MINELESS</i> control than that of wild type control. Myrosinase activity was not affected by the <i>S. exigua</i> feeding on the <i>MINELESS</i> plants. However, reduced activity of myrosinase was observed in the wild-type seedlings. Moreover, the <i>S. exigua</i> induced the concentration of tryptophan derived glucosinolate (indol-3-yl-methyl, 1-methoxy-indol-3-yl-methyl) that was found slightly higher in <i>MINELESS</i> seedlings than on wild-type seedling. Feeding of <i>S. exigua</i> deregulated the level of glucosinolate hydrolysis products in both types of plants. Transcriptional data after <i>S. exigua</i> feeding on wildtype and <i>MINELESS</i> showed differential response of methyl jasmonate and glucosinolate responsive genes were observed. We also observed that after methyl jasmonate treatment, methyl jasmonate and glucosinolate responsive genes were incease in the wild-type and <i>MINELESS</i> seedlings showing their negative effect on the growth of <i>S. exigua</i>. Overall, generalist insect results are interesting by considering the function of myrosin cells and binary defense system. Further, same experiment should be performed against generalist and specialist insect herbivores of above- and below-ground.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141195943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-31DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023605001
W. M. Phang, Z. Alias, N. Aminudin
Abstract
Glutathione transferase Pi (GST-P) reportedly overexpressed markedly in cancer cell lines. It was correlated to the resistance towards drugs used in chemotherapy treatment. The study demonstrated the isolation of peptide as potential inhibitor to the enzyme. Glutathione transferase Pi (GST-P) was purified from human colon adenocarcinoma HT-29 cell line using glutathione (GSH)-affinity chromatography. Active components presence in ethanolic extract (50% ethanol) of leaves Leptospermum flavescens Sm. was shown possessing inhibitory property (IC50 of 0.088 mg/mL) towards GST-P in vitro. Further fractionation using polyamide the 50% methanol in 2% acetic acid eluate possessed an inhibitory property at IC50 of 0.191 mg/mL. In the study the IC50 values of doxorubicin are 0.788 and 0.816 μg/mL on HT-29 and MRC-5 cell lines respectively while IC50 values of cisplatin were at 9.49 and 4.07 μg/mL on HT-29 and MRC-5 cell lines respectively. The 50% methanol eluate has significantly non-toxic to both of the cell lines with 100% cell viability at more than 100 μg/mL sample applied. In combination with doxorubicin, 50% methanol eluate enhanced cytotoxicity of the drug towards HT-29 by reduction of IC50 value significantly to 66%. The eluate however only reduced the IC50 to 11% when combined with cisplatin. The study indicates that the eluate can potentiate cytotoxicity of doxorubicin on HT-29 cell line and this effect is correlated to the ability of the eluate to inhibit GST-P in vitro. The purified active molecule was a peptide with molecular weight of 3.5 kDa.
{"title":"Peptide Isolated from Leptospermum flavens Sm. Inhibits Human Glutathione Transferases π (hGSTP) Activity and Enhances the Cytotoxicity of Doxorubicin towards HT-29 Cell Line","authors":"W. M. Phang, Z. Alias, N. Aminudin","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023605001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023605001","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Glutathione transferase Pi (GST-P) reportedly overexpressed markedly in cancer cell lines. It was correlated to the resistance towards drugs used in chemotherapy treatment. The study demonstrated the isolation of peptide as potential inhibitor to the enzyme. Glutathione transferase Pi (GST-P) was purified from human colon adenocarcinoma HT-29 cell line using glutathione (GSH)-affinity chromatography. Active components presence in ethanolic extract (50% ethanol) of leaves <i>Leptospermum flavescens</i> Sm. was shown possessing inhibitory property (IC<sub>50</sub> of 0.088 mg/mL) towards GST-P in vitro. Further fractionation using polyamide the 50% methanol in 2% acetic acid eluate possessed an inhibitory property at IC<sub>50</sub> of 0.191 mg/mL. In the study the IC<sub>50</sub> values of doxorubicin are 0.788 and 0.816 μg/mL on HT-29 and MRC-5 cell lines respectively while IC<sub>50</sub> values of cisplatin were at 9.49 and 4.07 μg/mL on HT-29 and MRC-5 cell lines respectively. The 50% methanol eluate has significantly non-toxic to both of the cell lines with 100% cell viability at more than 100 μg/mL sample applied. In combination with doxorubicin, 50% methanol eluate enhanced cytotoxicity of the drug towards HT-29 by reduction of IC<sub>50</sub> value significantly to 66%. The eluate however only reduced the IC<sub>50</sub> to 11% when combined with cisplatin. The study indicates that the eluate can potentiate cytotoxicity of doxorubicin on HT-29 cell line and this effect is correlated to the ability of the eluate to inhibit GST-P in vitro. The purified active molecule was a peptide with molecular weight of 3.5 kDa.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141195641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-31DOI: 10.1134/s106235902360616x
Civan Çelik, Nasir Ahmad Seraj, Selma Yasak, Yaşar Karakurt, İsa Telci, Emre Sevindik
Abstract
In the study, it was aimed to determine the molecular characterization and genetic relationships of Mentha species obtained from different countries and regions at the molecular level and to ensure the sustainability of these species. For this purpose, ISSR marker technique, which is effective in detecting polymorphism and genetic variation within and between Mentha species, was used. In the study a total of 460 allelic bands were detected, and all bands were found to be 100% polymorphic. The maximum number of bands was produced by the ISSR7 primer (25), but the minimum number of bands was produced by the ISSR12 primer (13). The highest PIC (Polymorphism Information Content) value was detected in the ISSR3 primer (0.521) but the lowest PIC value was determined in the 903 primer (0.203). Molecular datas were analyzed using the NTSYSpc 2.02 software and it was determined that the mint species were divided into two main groups. In the results obtained, it was determined that there was no relationship between the genetic diversity and geographical origins, and the populations from different geographical regions were in the same clusters. In the study, it was concluded that there was a significant molecular diversity among the species, and that some Mentha clones, which are defined by morphological features and still remain taxonomically uncertain, were belong to which species at the molecular level. Therefore, it is insufficient to classify species with morphochemical, morphological and phenotypic characteristics.
{"title":"Molecular Characterization and Genetic Relationships in Different Mint (Mentha L.) Species with ISSR Marker Technique","authors":"Civan Çelik, Nasir Ahmad Seraj, Selma Yasak, Yaşar Karakurt, İsa Telci, Emre Sevindik","doi":"10.1134/s106235902360616x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s106235902360616x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In the study, it was aimed to determine the molecular characterization and genetic relationships of <i>Mentha</i> species obtained from different countries and regions at the molecular level and to ensure the sustainability of these species. For this purpose, ISSR marker technique, which is effective in detecting polymorphism and genetic variation within and between <i>Mentha</i> species, was used. In the study a total of 460 allelic bands were detected, and all bands were found to be 100% polymorphic. The maximum number of bands was produced by the ISSR7 primer (25), but the minimum number of bands was produced by the ISSR12 primer (13). The highest PIC (Polymorphism Information Content) value was detected in the ISSR3 primer (0.521) but the lowest PIC value was determined in the 903 primer (0.203). Molecular datas were analyzed using the NTSYSpc 2.02 software and it was determined that the mint species were divided into two main groups. In the results obtained, it was determined that there was no relationship between the genetic diversity and geographical origins, and the populations from different geographical regions were in the same clusters. In the study, it was concluded that there was a significant molecular diversity among the species, and that some <i>Mentha</i> clones, which are defined by morphological features and still remain taxonomically uncertain, were belong to which species at the molecular level. Therefore, it is insufficient to classify species with morphochemical, morphological and phenotypic characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141195814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was conducted for the main purpose of evaluating the effect of resveratrol and curcumin on changes in fatty acid composition in liver and kidney tissues of rats exposed to DMBA. Resveratrol groups: 40 mg/kg resveratrol was administered for only 3 days per week throughout the experiment. Curcumin groups: 40 mg/kg curcumin was administered for only 3 days per week throughout the experiment. DMBA groups: A single dose of 20 mg/kg DMBA was administered once throughout the duration of the experiment. Fatty acid composition, fat-soluble vitamins, cholesterol and phytosterol analyses analyses were performed in tissues. Antioxidant tests were also performed. It was found that the amounts of C16:0, C17:0, C17:1 and C22:5 n3 decreased significantly in the liver tissue of rats administered DMBA, but the amounts of C20:3 n6 ve C22:6 n3 increased significantly. It was found that C16:0 and C18:2 n6c levels increased significantly in kidney tissue, but C17:1 level decreased significantly. As a result of the administration of Curcumin, Resveratrol, DMBA + Curcumin and DMBA + Resveratrol in both liver and kidney tissue, it was determined that some fatty acid values decreased significantly and some fatty acid values increased significantly. Compared to the DMBA group, it was determined that all groups studied had significant changes in the amount of some fat-soluble vitamins, cholesterol, sitosterols in tissues. In conclusion the administration of DMBA, resveratrol and curcumin both single and in combination, it was found that there may be significant changes in the fatty acid composition, fat-soluble vitamins, cholesterol and phytosterols in tissue.
{"title":"Effect of Resveratrol and Curcumin on Changes in Fatty Acid Composition and Oxidative Stress in Liver and Kidney Tissues of Rats Exposed to 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)","authors":"Yeşim Bulut Sıltar, Ersin Demir, Figen Erdem Erişir, Ayşe Erdoğdu, İbrahim Akın Temizer, Ökkeş Yılmaz","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023606420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023606420","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This study was conducted for the main purpose of evaluating the effect of resveratrol and curcumin on changes in fatty acid composition in liver and kidney tissues of rats exposed to DMBA. Resveratrol groups: 40 mg/kg resveratrol was administered for only 3 days per week throughout the experiment. Curcumin groups: 40 mg/kg curcumin was administered for only 3 days per week throughout the experiment. DMBA groups: A single dose of 20 mg/kg DMBA was administered once throughout the duration of the experiment. Fatty acid composition, fat-soluble vitamins, cholesterol and phytosterol analyses analyses were performed in tissues. Antioxidant tests were also performed. It was found that the amounts of C16:0, C17:0, C17:1 and C22:5 n3 decreased significantly in the liver tissue of rats administered DMBA, but the amounts of C20:3 n6 ve C22:6 n3 increased significantly. It was found that C16:0 and C18:2 n6c levels increased significantly in kidney tissue, but C17:1 level decreased significantly. As a result of the administration of Curcumin, Resveratrol, DMBA + Curcumin and DMBA + Resveratrol in both liver and kidney tissue, it was determined that some fatty acid values decreased significantly and some fatty acid values increased significantly. Compared to the DMBA group, it was determined that all groups studied had significant changes in the amount of some fat-soluble vitamins, cholesterol, sitosterols in tissues. In conclusion the administration of DMBA, resveratrol and curcumin both single and in combination, it was found that there may be significant changes in the fatty acid composition, fat-soluble vitamins, cholesterol and phytosterols in tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141195735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-31DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023606584
Yan Zhou, Weiting Huang
Abstract
Dendrobium species, esteemed as a group of orchid plants with important ornamental and medicinal value, are currently experiencing significant developmental advancements. This research encompasses a comprehensive review of Dendrobium tissue culture literature spanning 2008 to 2023, sourced from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Employing the bibliometric analysis tool CiteSpace, we conducted a visualization and presentation of data encompassing research institutions, authorship patterns, key terminology, and emergent themes, elucidating the current status, hotspots, and frontiers of Dendrobium tissue culture research. After thorough screening, a total of 261 papers were included in this study. The publication count exhibited a consistent annual increase. Chinese Acad Sci, Univ Sains Malaysia, North Eastern Hill Univ, Univ Debrecen, and Univ Putra Malaysia emerged as primary research institutions, while a core team led by J.A. Teixeira da Silva, S. Sreeramanan, S. Kumaria, and N. Chen played a dominant role. Central research themes revolve around optimizing the tissue culture system of medicinal Dendrobium, and exploring the genetic stability and gene function. Furthermore, the field is witnessing a trajectory towards future multidisciplinary cross-collaboration.
摘要 铁皮石斛被誉为具有重要观赏和药用价值的兰科植物，目前正经历着重大的发展进步。本研究对 2008 年至 2023 年的石斛组织培养文献进行了全面回顾，这些文献来自科学网核心收藏数据库。利用文献计量分析工具 CiteSpace，我们对包括研究机构、作者模式、关键术语和新兴主题在内的数据进行了可视化和展示，阐明了铁皮石斛组织培养研究的现状、热点和前沿。经过全面筛选，共有 261 篇论文被纳入本研究。论文发表数量呈逐年上升趋势。中国科学院、马来西亚理科大学、东北山大学、德布勒森大学和马来西亚普特拉大学成为主要研究机构，而由 J.A. Teixeira da Silva、S. Sreeramanan、S. Kumaria 和 N. Chen 领导的核心团队则发挥了主导作用。中心研究课题围绕优化药用铁皮石斛的组织培养系统、探索遗传稳定性和基因功能展开。此外，该领域正朝着未来多学科交叉合作的方向发展。
{"title":"Visual Analysis of Research Status and Trends of Dendrobium Tissue Culture Based on CiteSpace","authors":"Yan Zhou, Weiting Huang","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023606584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023606584","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p><i>Dendrobium</i> species, esteemed as a group of orchid plants with important ornamental and medicinal value, are currently experiencing significant developmental advancements. This research encompasses a comprehensive review of <i>Dendrobium</i> tissue culture literature spanning 2008 to 2023, sourced from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Employing the bibliometric analysis tool CiteSpace, we conducted a visualization and presentation of data encompassing research institutions, authorship patterns, key terminology, and emergent themes, elucidating the current status, hotspots, and frontiers of <i>Dendrobium</i> tissue culture research. After thorough screening, a total of 261 papers were included in this study. The publication count exhibited a consistent annual increase. Chinese Acad Sci, Univ Sains Malaysia, North Eastern Hill Univ, Univ Debrecen, and Univ Putra Malaysia emerged as primary research institutions, while a core team led by J.A. Teixeira da Silva, S. Sreeramanan, S. Kumaria, and N. Chen played a dominant role. Central research themes revolve around optimizing the tissue culture system of medicinal <i>Dendrobium</i>, and exploring the genetic stability and gene function. Furthermore, the field is witnessing a trajectory towards future multidisciplinary cross-collaboration.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141195644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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