Pub Date : 2024-05-31DOI: 10.1134/s1062359024604725
İ. Karakaş, N. Hacıoğlu Doğru, Ç. Gül, M. Tosunoğlu
Abstract
Microflora of reptiles and amphibians pose a serious threat to the environment and humans, as these bacteria are more resistant to antimicrobials or have more virulence factors. In this study, we focused on the characterization of Gram-negative bacterial isolates obtained from Mauremys rivulata (Western Caspian turtle), Natrix natrix (Grass snake), Natrix tessellata (Dice snake) and Pelophylax bedriagae (Levantine frog) using cultural methods and determine some virulence factors (antibiotic resistance, VanA and TetM resistant genes, biofilm, siderophore and some enzymatic activities etc.). Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) and virulence index (VI) of each strain were also calculated. A total of 85 Gram-negative isolates exhibited varying levels of antibiotic resistance and the ability to produce one or more extracellular enzymes such as amylase, lecithinase, protease, lipase, hemolysis, siderophore, amino acid decarboxylase and DNase. Although the TetM has been identified in all 7 isolates, none of the isolates have shown the presence of the VanA gene. According to MAR and VI results, most of the isolates were found to be in the high threat group and these indexes were correlated with antibiotic resistance. The study data revealed that chemicals used in industry and agriculture both trigger environmental pollution and pose risk factors for wildlife.
摘要 爬行动物和两栖动物的微生物菌群对环境和人类构成了严重威胁，因为这些细菌对抗菌药具有更强的抗药性或具有更多的致病因子。在这项研究中，我们重点使用培养方法分析了从 Mauremys rivulata（西里海龟）、Natrix natrix（草蛇）、Natrix tessellata（骰子蛇）和 Pelophylax bedriagae（阆中蛙）分离的革兰氏阴性细菌的特征，并确定了一些毒力因子（抗生素耐药性、VanA 和 TetM 耐药基因、生物膜、嗜苷酸和一些酶活性等）。此外，还计算了各菌株的多重抗生素耐药性（MAR）和毒力指数（VI）。共有 85 株革兰氏阴性分离菌株表现出不同程度的抗生素耐药性，并能产生一种或多种胞外酶，如淀粉酶、卵磷脂酶、蛋白酶、脂肪酶、溶血酶、嗜苷酸酶、氨基酸脱羧酶和脱氧核糖核酸酶。虽然在所有 7 个分离物中都发现了 TetM 基因，但没有一个分离物显示存在 VanA 基因。根据 MAR 和 VI 结果，发现大多数分离物属于高威胁组，这些指数与抗生素耐药性相关。研究数据显示，工业和农业中使用的化学品都会引发环境污染，并对野生动物构成危险因素。
{"title":"Determination of Pathogenicity of Bacteria Isolated from Some Aquatic Amphibian and Reptile Species","authors":"İ. Karakaş, N. Hacıoğlu Doğru, Ç. Gül, M. Tosunoğlu","doi":"10.1134/s1062359024604725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359024604725","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Microflora of reptiles and amphibians pose a serious threat to the environment and humans, as these bacteria are more resistant to antimicrobials or have more virulence factors. In this study, we focused on the characterization of Gram-negative bacterial isolates obtained from <i>Mauremys rivulata</i> (Western Caspian turtle), <i>Natrix natrix</i> (Grass snake), <i>Natrix tessellata</i> (Dice snake) and <i>Pelophylax bedriagae</i> (Levantine frog) using cultural methods and determine some virulence factors (antibiotic resistance, VanA and TetM resistant genes, biofilm, siderophore and some enzymatic activities etc.). Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) and virulence index (VI) of each strain were also calculated. A total of 85 Gram-negative isolates exhibited varying levels of antibiotic resistance and the ability to produce one or more extracellular enzymes such as amylase, lecithinase, protease, lipase, hemolysis, siderophore, amino acid decarboxylase and DNase. Although the TetM has been identified in all 7 isolates, none of the isolates have shown the presence of the VanA gene. According to MAR and VI results, most of the isolates were found to be in the high threat group and these indexes were correlated with antibiotic resistance. The study data revealed that chemicals used in industry and agriculture both trigger environmental pollution and pose risk factors for wildlife.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141195808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-31DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023606225
V. Nayana Prakash, K. Pranav, Arun Christy, Siljo Joseph, K. A. Sreejith, V. B. Sreekumar, T. S. Jincy
Abstract
The paper presents the first-ever report of lichens from Sholayar 10 ha permanent plot, with a total of 38 species under 23 genera and 14 families. Of these, one species, Allographa cinerea (Fée) Lücking and Kalb reported as new to India, and nine species namely Coenogonium dilucidum (Kremp.) Kalb and Lücking, Crypthonia albida (Fée) Frisch, Enterographa divergens (Müll. Arg.) Redinger, Graphis indica J. Kalb and Kalb, Malmidea fuscella (Müll. Arg.) Kalb and Lücking, Malmidea piae (Kalb) Kalb, Malmidea subgranifera (Kalb and Elix) Kalb and Elix, and Porina subinterstes (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. as new distributional records to Kerala. The genus Crypthonia is reported for the first time in Kerala.
{"title":"Lichens of the Sholayar 10 ha Permanent Plot, Western Ghats with Allographa cinerea as New to India","authors":"V. Nayana Prakash, K. Pranav, Arun Christy, Siljo Joseph, K. A. Sreejith, V. B. Sreekumar, T. S. Jincy","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023606225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023606225","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The paper presents the first-ever report of lichens from Sholayar 10 ha permanent plot, with a total of 38 species under 23 genera and 14 families. Of these, one species, <i>Allographa cinerea</i> (Fée) Lücking and Kalb reported as new to India, and nine species namely <i>Coenogonium dilucidum</i> (Kremp.) Kalb and Lücking, <i>Crypthonia albida</i> (Fée) Frisch, <i>Enterographa divergens</i> (Müll. Arg.) Redinger, <i>Graphis indica</i> J. Kalb and Kalb, <i>Malmidea fuscella</i> (Müll. Arg.) Kalb and Lücking, <i>Malmidea piae</i> (Kalb) Kalb, <i>Malmidea subgranifera</i> (Kalb and Elix) Kalb and Elix, and <i>Porina subinterstes</i> (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. as new distributional records to Kerala. The genus <i>Crypthonia</i> is reported for the first time in Kerala.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141195866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study describes a new record of Coniolepiotaspongodes from India. Coniolepiotaspongodes is a monotypic taxon of the genus Coniolepiota and is characterized by a white to purplish white pileus; stipe with powdery coverings; free lamellae with smooth margins appearing cream to pale yellowish in colour; pungent odour; ellipsoid to oblong basidiospores measuring 4.0–6.0 × 2.5–4.1 µm; irregular cylindrical squamules cells on the pileus and stipe surface. A comprehensive morphological description, photographs, and molecular sequence-based phylogenetic analyses of the present collections are provided.
{"title":"A New Record of a Mono-Typic Taxon, Coniolepiota spongodes (Agaricaceae, Agaricales), from India Based on Morpho-Molecular Studies","authors":"Mairingdi Jarambusa, Pinky Rani Biswas, Pinaki Chattopadhyay, Pradip Kumar Baruah, Arun Kumar Dutta","doi":"10.1134/s1062359024606700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359024606700","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The present study describes a new record of <i>Coniolepiota</i> <i>spongodes</i> from India. <i>Coniolepiota</i> <i>spongodes</i> is a monotypic taxon of the genus <i>Coniolepiota</i> and is characterized by a white to purplish white pileus; stipe with powdery coverings; free lamellae with smooth margins appearing cream to pale yellowish in colour; pungent odour; ellipsoid to oblong basidiospores measuring 4.0–6.0 × 2.5–4.1 µm; irregular cylindrical squamules cells on the pileus and stipe surface. A comprehensive morphological description, photographs, and molecular sequence-based phylogenetic analyses of the present collections are provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141195867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023605293
N. A. Shchipanov, A. A. Kalinin
Abstract
Ecosystem change is an everyday reality, and assessment of its ability to provide men with products and services of the ecosystem (fresh water, climate, soil fertility, etc.), which are necessary for human welfare, is an urgent applied issue. The question as to “whether changes in the loss of biological diversity will affect the functioning of local ecosystems” is attracting increasing attention. In this first paper, we consider modern approaches to ecosystem monitoring. The concept of historical and novel ecosystems, ecosystem resilience, threshold effects, theory-driven restoration, and social–ecological considerations are reviewed. The principles of indication, requirements for indicators, possibilities, and prospects for the use of small mammals as indicators of the dynamics of local ecosystems are considered.
{"title":"The Role of Biodiversity in the Functioning of Ecosystems: Paper 1. General Principles of Monitoring Ecosystems","authors":"N. A. Shchipanov, A. A. Kalinin","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023605293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023605293","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Ecosystem change is an everyday reality, and assessment of its ability to provide men with products and services of the ecosystem (fresh water, climate, soil fertility, etc.), which are necessary for human welfare, is an urgent applied issue. The question as to “whether changes in the loss of biological diversity will affect the functioning of local ecosystems” is attracting increasing attention. In this first paper, we consider modern approaches to ecosystem monitoring. The concept of historical and novel ecosystems, ecosystem resilience, threshold effects, theory-driven restoration, and social–ecological considerations are reviewed. The principles of indication, requirements for indicators, possibilities, and prospects for the use of small mammals as indicators of the dynamics of local ecosystems are considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140576121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023602951
O. E. Mazur, A. S. Fomina
Abstract
Quinqueserialis quinqueserialis (Trematoda: Notocotilidae) is a widespread species in the Holarctic that parasitizes the cecum of the muskrat. The results of micromorphological studies of parenchymal organs of the muskrat at a high intensity of invasion by Q. quinqueserialis are presented for the first time. In infected muskrats, activation of the B-cell and macrophage components of the immune system was established against the background of inhibition of granulocytic reactions in the spleen. Various types of dystrophies were detected in the liver, and, with the formation of functional maladjustment of the organ, inflammatory changes were recorded in the kidneys with signs of alterative, necrobiotic processes. The development of destructive pathomorphological processes indicates the participation of trematodes in the pathogenesis of this parasitosis. The obtained data provide new information for understanding the functions of the lymphoid and parenchymal organs in wild rodents with trematodosis.
摘要 Quinqueserialis quinqueserialis（吸虫纲：Notocotilidae）是一种广泛分布于北极地区的物种，寄生于麝鼠的盲肠。本文首次介绍了在麝鼠受到Q. quinqueserialis高强度入侵时对其实质器官进行微形态学研究的结果。在受感染的麝鼠体内，免疫系统中的 B 细胞和巨噬细胞成分被激活，而脾脏中的粒细胞反应受到抑制。在肝脏中发现了各种类型的萎缩，随着器官功能失调的形成，在肾脏中记录到了炎症变化，并伴有改变和坏死过程的迹象。破坏性病理形态过程的发展表明，吸虫参与了这种寄生虫病的发病机制。所获得的数据为了解患有吸虫病的野生啮齿动物的淋巴器官和实质器官的功能提供了新的信息。
{"title":"Micromorphological Changes in the Parenchymatous Organs of Muskrats Infected with Quinqueserialis quinqueserialis (Trematoda: Notocotilidae)","authors":"O. E. Mazur, A. S. Fomina","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023602951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023602951","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p><i>Quinqueserialis quinqueserialis</i> (Trematoda: Notocotilidae) is a widespread species in the Holarctic that parasitizes the cecum of the muskrat. The results of micromorphological studies of parenchymal organs of the muskrat at a high intensity of invasion by <i>Q. quinqueserialis</i> are presented for the first time. In infected muskrats, activation of the B-cell and macrophage components of the immune system was established against the background of inhibition of granulocytic reactions in the spleen. Various types of dystrophies were detected in the liver, and, with the formation of functional maladjustment of the organ, inflammatory changes were recorded in the kidneys with signs of alterative, necrobiotic processes. The development of destructive pathomorphological processes indicates the participation of trematodes in the pathogenesis of this parasitosis. The obtained data provide new information for understanding the functions of the lymphoid and parenchymal organs in wild rodents with trematodosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140589506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.1134/s106235902360469x
I. A. Schanzer, A. V. Fedorova, I. G. Meschersky
Abstract
We used a plastid ndhC-trnV intergenic spacer to reconstruct the genealogy of haplotypes and phylogenetic relationships of major taxonomic groups of the genus Rosa. We analyzed the data using the statistical parsimony, maximum likelihood, and NeighborNet approaches. According to our results, the majority of species may be subdivided into three groups roughly corresponding to the taxonomic sections Pimpinellifoliae, Rosa (former Cinnamomeae) and Synstylae + Chinenses + Gallicanae + Caninae. We assess their relationships as broadly paraphyletic, since the first group appears to be ancestral to the second and the third. The fourth group distanced from these three by many mutational steps consists of R. persica (subgenus Hulthemia) sequences. We argue that R. persica together with the North American R. minutifolia and R. stellata (section Minutifoliae) probably represent the only remnants of an ancient group of roses widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere in the Oligocene. Two major lineages of the section Caninae arose independently from different ancestors belonging to Synstylae.
摘要 我们利用质体ndhC-trnV基因间距重建了蔷薇属主要分类群的单倍型谱系和系统发育关系。我们采用统计解析法、最大似然法和 NeighborNet 法对数据进行了分析。根据我们的结果，大多数物种可细分为三个组，大致对应于 Pimpinellifoliae、Rosa（原 Cinnamomeae）和 Synstylae + Chinenses + Gallicanae + Caninae 分类群。我们认为它们之间的关系大致上属于旁系，因为第一组似乎是第二组和第三组的祖先。第四组与这三组之间的距离经过多次变异，由 R. persica（Hulthemia 亚属）序列组成。我们认为，R. persica 与北美的 R. minutifolia 和 R. stellata（Minutifoliae 节）可能是渐新世时期广泛分布于北半球的古老玫瑰群的唯一残余。Caninae节的两个主要品系是由属于Synstylae的不同祖先独立产生的。
{"title":"A Haplotype Network Approach to Reconstruct the Phylogeny of Rosa L. (Rosaceae)","authors":"I. A. Schanzer, A. V. Fedorova, I. G. Meschersky","doi":"10.1134/s106235902360469x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s106235902360469x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>We used a plastid <i>ndh</i>C-<i>trn</i>V intergenic spacer to reconstruct the genealogy of haplotypes and phylogenetic relationships of major taxonomic groups of the genus <i>Rosa</i>. We analyzed the data using the statistical parsimony, maximum likelihood, and NeighborNet approaches. According to our results, the majority of species may be subdivided into three groups roughly corresponding to the taxonomic sections Pimpinellifoliae, Rosa (former Cinnamomeae) and Synstylae + Chinenses + Gallicanae + Caninae. We assess their relationships as broadly paraphyletic, since the first group appears to be ancestral to the second and the third. The fourth group distanced from these three by many mutational steps consists of <i>R. persica</i> (subgenus Hulthemia) sequences. We argue that <i>R. persica</i> together with the North American <i>R. minutifolia</i> and <i>R. stellata</i> (section Minutifoliae) probably represent the only remnants of an ancient group of roses widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere in the Oligocene. Two major lineages of the section Caninae arose independently from different ancestors belonging to Synstylae.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140575972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023602999
N. V. Kiseleva
Abstract
Long-term monitoring of the abundance of the steppe polecat (Mustela eversmanii) in Chelyabinsk oblast is considered. The analysis of the abundance dynamics of Mustelidae was carried out on the basis of monitoring data using the method of winter accounting (WA) conducted annually. Over the past few years, the steppe polecat has not been registered during accounting work in the mountain taiga; i.e., its numbers are either extremely low, or it has disappeared completely. In forest–steppe territories for 12 years, from 2008 to 2020, the abundance of polecats decreased almost 90 times, from 3058 to 34 individuals. The data on the number of the main prey species of the steppe polecat, two species of ground squirrels (Spermophilus major and Spermophilus pygmaeus) and the groundhog (Marmota bobak), are presented. The hypothesis of the possible influence of the American mink on the numbers of the steppe polecat is considered.
{"title":"Depression of the Population of the Steppe Polecat (Mustela eversmanii) in the Southern Urals","authors":"N. V. Kiseleva","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023602999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023602999","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Long-term monitoring of the abundance of the steppe polecat (<i>Mustela eversmanii</i>) in Chelyabinsk oblast is considered. The analysis of the abundance dynamics of Mustelidae was carried out on the basis of monitoring data using the method of winter accounting (WA) conducted annually. Over the past few years, the steppe polecat has not been registered during accounting work in the mountain taiga; i.e., its numbers are either extremely low, or it has disappeared completely. In forest–steppe territories for 12 years, from 2008 to 2020, the abundance of polecats decreased almost 90 times, from 3058 to 34 individuals. The data on the number of the main prey species of the steppe polecat, two species of ground squirrels (<i>Spermophilus major</i> and <i>Spermophilus pygmaeus</i>) and the groundhog (<i>Marmota bobak</i>), are presented. The hypothesis of the possible influence of the American mink on the numbers of the steppe polecat is considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140576284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023605402
S. M. Razgulin, L. V. Voronin
Abstract
For two years, the contribution of fungi and bacteria to the process of net ammonification in soddy-podzolic soil of the sorrel–blueberry birch forest of Yaroslavl oblast was determined using inhibitory analysis. It was established that the litter is characterized by equal participation of fungi and bacteria in this process. In the humus horizon, a slight excess of fungi over bacteria was noted in years of normal moisture and there was a clear dominance of fungi in dry years. In the eluvial part of the profile, the close contribution of these groups was noted, with an insignificant prevalence of one of them over the years of study. The maximum air temperature is able to change the seasonal dynamics of the abundance of saprotrophic fungi in the soil and to some extent form the generic structure of the mycobiota in the horizons of the soil profile of the birch forest.
{"title":"The Role of Fungi and Bacteria in the Mineralization of Nitrogen Compounds in the Ecosystems of the Southern Taiga of European Russia","authors":"S. M. Razgulin, L. V. Voronin","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023605402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023605402","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>For two years, the contribution of fungi and bacteria to the process of net ammonification in soddy-podzolic soil of the sorrel–blueberry birch forest of Yaroslavl oblast was determined using inhibitory analysis. It was established that the litter is characterized by equal participation of fungi and bacteria in this process. In the humus horizon, a slight excess of fungi over bacteria was noted in years of normal moisture and there was a clear dominance of fungi in dry years. In the eluvial part of the profile, the close contribution of these groups was noted, with an insignificant prevalence of one of them over the years of study. The maximum air temperature is able to change the seasonal dynamics of the abundance of saprotrophic fungi in the soil and to some extent form the generic structure of the mycobiota in the horizons of the soil profile of the birch forest.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140576352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023602744
V. V. Vodopyanova, V. G. Dvoretsky, A. S. Bulavina
Abstract
Variations in the surface chlorophyll a concentration (Chl-a) measured during 25 cruises conducted from 1984 to 2020 were investigated in the Barents Sea and adjacent Svalbard waters. Seasonal maps of the mean annual Chl-a estimations were created for the Barents Sea. Significant seasonal and temporal variations of Chl-a were found in different water masses. The surface Chl-a content reached a maximum in the spring (46% of the annual estimation). In the summer, it tended to decrease accounting for 28% of the total annual value, while in the autumn and winter, Chl-a was found to be 21 and 5% of the total annual stock, respectively. Atlantic Water and Arctic Water had the highest contribution to the total annual Chl-a biomass. In Arctic Water, peaks of the Chl-a concentrations were registered in spring and these decreased in summer and autumn. The summer season was the most productive period in Atlantic Water. The Chl-a dynamics and distribution in relation to climatic factors were investigated. Application of generalized linear and non-linear models to predict Chl-a variations showed the great significance of the indices associated with the global atmospheric circulation, mean annual temperature, and salinity anomalies, as well as the extent of ice in the Barents Sea.
{"title":"Spatial and Seasonal Variability of the Chlorophyll a Concentration in the Barents Sea","authors":"V. V. Vodopyanova, V. G. Dvoretsky, A. S. Bulavina","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023602744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023602744","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Variations in the surface chlorophyll <i>a</i> concentration (Chl-a) measured during 25 cruises conducted from 1984 to 2020 were investigated in the Barents Sea and adjacent Svalbard waters. Seasonal maps of the mean annual Chl-a estimations were created for the Barents Sea. Significant seasonal and temporal variations of Chl-a were found in different water masses. The surface Chl-a content reached a maximum in the spring (46% of the annual estimation). In the summer, it tended to decrease accounting for 28% of the total annual value, while in the autumn and winter, Chl-a was found to be 21 and 5% of the total annual stock, respectively. Atlantic Water and Arctic Water had the highest contribution to the total annual Chl-a biomass. In Arctic Water, peaks of the Chl-a concentrations were registered in spring and these decreased in summer and autumn. The summer season was the most productive period in Atlantic Water. The Chl-a dynamics and distribution in relation to climatic factors were investigated. Application of generalized linear and non-linear models to predict Chl-a variations showed the great significance of the indices associated with the global atmospheric circulation, mean annual temperature, and salinity anomalies, as well as the extent of ice in the Barents Sea.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"256 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140575973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023605323
S. S. Tarasov, E. K. Krutova
Abstract
The effect of ultrasound (5, 10, and 20 min, intensity 25 kW/m2, frequency 26.1 kHz) on the dynamics of the activity of the main antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and the expression of the genes encoding them (SOD-1, CAT, POD), was studied in germinating seeds and wheat sprouts. Ultrasound after one hour predominantly suppressed the activity of antioxidant enzymes, with subsequent restoration and increase (after one and six days) of activity. The content of mRNA transcripts of the studied genes predominantly increased one hour after exposure, and subsequently (after one and six days) it was either higher or remained equal to the control. The results obtained apparently indicate that ultrasound triggers eustress mechanisms; i.e., the stimulating effect led to the mobilization of protective processes of cells, hormesis.
{"title":"Dynamics of the Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes and the Expression of the Genes Encoding Them in Wheat after Exposure to Ultrasound","authors":"S. S. Tarasov, E. K. Krutova","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023605323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023605323","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The effect of ultrasound (5, 10, and 20 min, intensity 25 kW/m<sup>2</sup>, frequency 26.1 kHz) on the dynamics of the activity of the main antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and the expression of the genes encoding them (<i>SOD-1</i>, <i>CAT</i>, <i>POD</i>), was studied in germinating seeds and wheat sprouts. Ultrasound after one hour predominantly suppressed the activity of antioxidant enzymes, with subsequent restoration and increase (after one and six days) of activity. The content of mRNA transcripts of the studied genes predominantly increased one hour after exposure, and subsequently (after one and six days) it was either higher or remained equal to the control. The results obtained apparently indicate that ultrasound triggers eustress mechanisms; i.e., the stimulating effect led to the mobilization of protective processes of cells, hormesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"162 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140589247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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