Medicinal plants have been proposed as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment and prevention of various oxidative stress-related disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Echinops persicus (Ec.P) extract on catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in different rat tissues after carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxication. A total of 38 rats weighing 180–210 g were randomly divided into eight groups of five. Rats in group 1 received only a standard diet and served as the control group, those in group 2 were given olive oil, and the rats in group 3 received olive oil + CCl4. Groups 4 to 8 were experimental groups. Rats of the experimental groups received olive oil + CCl4 in a ratio of 1 : 1 v/v daily for 7 days. After this period, vitamins C and E were given in 10 mg/kg doses to groups 4 and 5, respectively. Rats of groups 6, 7, and 8 were also treated with 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg body weight of Ec.P extract, respectively, for the next seven days. The kidney, liver, and heart supernatants of all rats were used to measure enzyme activities. Results: Decreased activity of SOD, CAT, and GPx were found in the liver, kidney, and heart after CCl4 intoxication. The aqueous extract of Ec.P showed a significant protective effect by elevating antioxidant enzyme activities, compared to vitamins C and E in a dose and tissue-dependent manner. The obtained results of the current study highlighted the protective effect of Ec.P extract on antioxidant enzyme activities. The Ec.P could probably be significant in treating oxidative stress-related disorders.
{"title":"Protective Effect of Echinops persicus Extract on Oxidative Stress Enzymes in Various Rat Tissues after Carbon Tetrachloride Intoxication","authors":"Maryam Soori, Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi, Hassan Mehrad-Majd, Hossein Abbaspour, Seyed Hossein Hashemi, Zeynab Soori","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023602562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023602562","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Medicinal plants have been proposed as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment and prevention of various oxidative stress-related disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of <i>Echinops persicus</i> (<i>Ec.P</i>) extract on catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in different rat tissues after carbon tetrachloride (CCl<sub>4</sub>) intoxication. A total of 38 rats weighing 180–210 g were randomly divided into eight groups of five. Rats in group 1 received only a standard diet and served as the control group, those in group 2 were given olive oil, and the rats in group 3 received olive oil + CCl<sub>4</sub>. Groups 4 to 8 were experimental groups. Rats of the experimental groups received olive oil + CCl<sub>4</sub> in a ratio of 1 : 1 v/v daily for 7 days. After this period, vitamins C and E were given in 10 mg/kg doses to groups 4 and 5, respectively. Rats of groups 6, 7, and 8 were also treated with 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg body weight of <i>Ec.P</i> extract, respectively, for the next seven days. The kidney, liver, and heart supernatants of all rats were used to measure enzyme activities. Results: Decreased activity of SOD, CAT, and GPx were found in the liver, kidney, and heart after CCl<sub>4</sub> intoxication. The aqueous extract of <i>Ec.P</i> showed a significant protective effect by elevating antioxidant enzyme activities, compared to vitamins C and E in a dose and tissue-dependent manner. The obtained results of the current study highlighted the protective effect of <i>Ec.P</i> extract on antioxidant enzyme activities. The <i>Ec.P</i> could probably be significant in treating oxidative stress-related disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139766839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023603932
Abstract
Forest management relies on forest spatial structure, but studies on the spatial structure of Vietnamese forests are limited. Therefore, two one–hectare plots were established in tropical rainforest in Tuyen Quang province to evaluate the characteristics and spatial structures of plant communities. Descriptive statistics and species importance value indices were calculated for each plot. Then, to assess differences between plots, detrended correspondence analysis was applied. Species mingling, uniform angle, diameter dominance and carbon stock dominance indices were also computed to analyze forest spatial structures. The results indicated that 65–70% of trees occurred in areas with high diversity, and 55–58% of trees were randomly distributed. The number of dominant and non–dominant individuals, in terms of diameter and carbon stock, was similar at the stand level. In all estimated patterns, units with high species mixtures predominated. As biodiversity increased, the distribution of forest trees became more random. The quadrivariate distribution illustrated considerable differences between plots, the study area and other regions. Findings from multivariate distributions provide accurate information in each group of spatial indices and these can be used to select appropriate silvicultural measures for stand management.
{"title":"Multivariate Spatial Structure of Secondary Forests in Tuyen Quang Province, Vietnam","authors":"","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023603932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023603932","url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3>Abstract</h3> <p>Forest management relies on forest spatial structure, but studies on the spatial structure of Vietnamese forests are limited. Therefore, two one–hectare plots were established in tropical rainforest in Tuyen Quang province to evaluate the characteristics and spatial structures of plant communities. Descriptive statistics and species importance value indices were calculated for each plot. Then, to assess differences between plots, detrended correspondence analysis was applied. Species mingling, uniform angle, diameter dominance and carbon stock dominance indices were also computed to analyze forest spatial structures. The results indicated that 65–70% of trees occurred in areas with high diversity, and 55–58% of trees were randomly distributed. The number of dominant and non–dominant individuals, in terms of diameter and carbon stock, was similar at the stand level. In all estimated patterns, units with high species mixtures predominated. As biodiversity increased, the distribution of forest trees became more random. The quadrivariate distribution illustrated considerable differences between plots, the study area and other regions. Findings from multivariate distributions provide accurate information in each group of spatial indices and these can be used to select appropriate silvicultural measures for stand management.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139771402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023602331
Liu Weiwei, Wang Yan, Li Jiao, Han Weiyu, Zhao Ranzun, Shi Bei
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a key factor in the occurrence of coronary artery disease and plays a vital role in the pathological development of myocardial infarction. Hypoxia contributing to endothelial cell survival and growth, metabolism and angiogenesis. HMGB1 has been identified as one of the factors involved in the regulation of vascular endothelial cell function. However, the mechanisms by which HMGB1 regulates endothelial cells under hypoxia remain unclear. Our study aimed to determine HMGB1 expression investigate the functions of HMGB1 on endothelial cell in hypoxia environment. The expression of extracellular high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in cardiac endothelial cells treated with hypoxia was detected by western blot analysis. 5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) assays and transwell assays were performed to determine the cell proliferation and migration, and flow cytometry assay was performed to evaluate the apoptosis of cardiac endothelial cell. Intracellular HMGB1 expression was upregulated in hypoxia-induced cardiac endothelial cells. HMGB1 silencing significantly promoted apoptosis and inhibited the proliferation and migration of hypoxia-induced cardiac endothelial cells. Moreover, silencing YAP1 on the basis of silencing HMGB1 can aggravate apoptosis and inhibit proliferation and migration of cardiac endothelial cells in hypoxic microenvironment. HMGB1 is up-regulated in hypoxic environment, which may be regulate the biological function of cardiac endothelial cells by YAP1, revealing that HMGB1/YAP1 may be partially involved in the protective mechanism of cardiac endothelial cells. To the best of our knowledge, this study provides a novel basis for the development of treatment methods for ischemic heart diseases.
{"title":"HMGB1 May Modulates Proliferation and Migration of Endothelial Cells by YAP1 under Hypoxia","authors":"Liu Weiwei, Wang Yan, Li Jiao, Han Weiyu, Zhao Ranzun, Shi Bei","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023602331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023602331","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Endothelial dysfunction is a key factor in the occurrence of coronary artery disease and plays a vital role in the pathological development of myocardial infarction. Hypoxia contributing to endothelial cell survival and growth, metabolism and angiogenesis. HMGB1 has been identified as one of the factors involved in the regulation of vascular endothelial cell function. However, the mechanisms by which HMGB1 regulates endothelial cells under hypoxia remain unclear. Our study aimed to determine HMGB1 expression investigate the functions of HMGB1 on endothelial cell in hypoxia environment. The expression of extracellular high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in cardiac endothelial cells treated with hypoxia was detected by western blot analysis. 5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) assays and transwell assays were performed to determine the cell proliferation and migration, and flow cytometry assay was performed to evaluate the apoptosis of cardiac endothelial cell. Intracellular HMGB1 expression was upregulated in hypoxia-induced cardiac endothelial cells. HMGB1 silencing significantly promoted apoptosis and inhibited the proliferation and migration of hypoxia-induced cardiac endothelial cells. Moreover, silencing YAP1 on the basis of silencing HMGB1 can aggravate apoptosis and inhibit proliferation and migration of cardiac endothelial cells in hypoxic microenvironment. HMGB1 is up-regulated in hypoxic environment, which may be regulate the biological function of cardiac endothelial cells by YAP1, revealing that HMGB1/YAP1 may be partially involved in the protective mechanism of cardiac endothelial cells. To the best of our knowledge, this study provides a novel basis for the development of treatment methods for ischemic heart diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"48 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139771425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.1134/s106235902360321x
N. V. Kryukova, D. A. Manukhova, M. D. Slavina
Abstract
Currently, many aquariums and zoos around the world keep walruses in captivity. However, the presence of tusks in walruses creates difficulties in their maintenance and preservation of their health since they wear them down on the structure of the pools. In this study, the morphometric parameters of walrus skulls from captivity and wild of similar age were examined (35 skull measurements and 21 mandible measurements were taken). An examination of the skulls of three female walruses that were kept in the Moscow Zoo for 8, 11, and 22 years, respectively during the period of 1953–2005 was conducted. The tusks of one walrus, at the age of 4 years, were surgically removed, while the tusks of the others were not. There were slight deviations in the skull development of these walruses. The skull of captive walruses is slightly smaller in the mastoid processes and zygomatic arches, and facial part, and the lower jaw is smaller in width and symphysis circumference compared to wild walruses. The surface of the skull and lower jaw is smoother in comparison to wild walruses. Diseases such as odontogenic osteomyelitis, pulpitis, periodontitis, dental calculus and caries are observed. Due to frequent inflammations and surgical interventions, early fusion of sutures is noted, leading to skull deformities.
{"title":"Deviations in the Development of Captivity Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) Skull","authors":"N. V. Kryukova, D. A. Manukhova, M. D. Slavina","doi":"10.1134/s106235902360321x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s106235902360321x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Currently, many aquariums and zoos around the world keep walruses in captivity. However, the presence of tusks in walruses creates difficulties in their maintenance and preservation of their health since they wear them down on the structure of the pools. In this study, the morphometric parameters of walrus skulls from captivity and wild of similar age were examined (35 skull measurements and 21 mandible measurements were taken). An examination of the skulls of three female walruses that were kept in the Moscow Zoo for 8, 11, and 22 years, respectively during the period of 1953–2005 was conducted. The tusks of one walrus, at the age of 4 years, were surgically removed, while the tusks of the others were not. There were slight deviations in the skull development of these walruses. The skull of captive walruses is slightly smaller in the mastoid processes and zygomatic arches, and facial part, and the lower jaw is smaller in width and symphysis circumference compared to wild walruses. The surface of the skull and lower jaw is smoother in comparison to wild walruses. Diseases such as odontogenic osteomyelitis, pulpitis, periodontitis, dental calculus and caries are observed. Due to frequent inflammations and surgical interventions, early fusion of sutures is noted, leading to skull deformities.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139771437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023603919
Kenan Cadirci, Hasan Turkez, Ozlem Ozdemir Tozlu, Omer Erkan Yapca, Muharrem Bayrak, Bugrahan Emsen, Adil Mardinoglu
Abstract
Empagliflozin (EMPA) is a potent, competitive and selective sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor that ameliorates blood glucose with the insulin-independent manner. EMPA reduces weight and blood pressure of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) without developing hypoglycemic risk. To the best of our knowledge, its safety profiling has not been evaluated on human blood cell cultures yet. Again, the embryotoxicity potential by EMPA is still unclear. Therefore, in this investigation we aimed to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic, genotoxic and embryotoxic damage potential as well as antioxidative/oxidative effects by EMPA in cultured human blood and human pluripotent embryonal carcinoma NT2 cells for the first time. Cell cultures (n = 5) were exposed to different concentrations ranging from 3.25 to 100 mg/L of EMPA for 48 and 72 h. Cell viability was measured by using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays. The alterations in antioxidant/oxidant activity were monitored via measuring the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS) levels. For evaluating the genotoxicity of EMPA chromosomal aberration (CA) assay was performed. The present results revealed that EMPA did not induce cytotoxic or genotoxic damage on healthy human blood cells. Moreover, EMPA exerted non-embryotoxic property and supported antioxidative capacity and decreased the oxidative stress in cultured human blood cells. Our results supported the safe and advantageous use of EMPA for the treatment of T2DM.
{"title":"In Vitro Cytotoxic, Genotoxic, Embryotoxic and Oxidative Damage Potentials by Empagliflozin","authors":"Kenan Cadirci, Hasan Turkez, Ozlem Ozdemir Tozlu, Omer Erkan Yapca, Muharrem Bayrak, Bugrahan Emsen, Adil Mardinoglu","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023603919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023603919","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Empagliflozin (EMPA) is a potent, competitive and selective sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor that ameliorates blood glucose with the insulin-independent manner. EMPA reduces weight and blood pressure of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) without developing hypoglycemic risk. To the best of our knowledge, its safety profiling has not been evaluated on human blood cell cultures yet. Again, the embryotoxicity potential by EMPA is still unclear. Therefore, in this investigation we aimed to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic, genotoxic and embryotoxic damage potential as well as antioxidative/oxidative effects by EMPA in cultured human blood and human pluripotent embryonal carcinoma NT2 cells for the first time. Cell cultures (<i>n</i> = 5) were exposed to different concentrations ranging from 3.25 to 100 mg/L of EMPA for 48 and 72 h. Cell viability was measured by using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays. The alterations in antioxidant/oxidant activity were monitored via measuring the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS) levels. For evaluating the genotoxicity of EMPA chromosomal aberration (CA) assay was performed. The present results revealed that EMPA did not induce cytotoxic or genotoxic damage on healthy human blood cells. Moreover, EMPA exerted non-embryotoxic property and supported antioxidative capacity and decreased the oxidative stress in cultured human blood cells. Our results supported the safe and advantageous use of EMPA for the treatment of T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139771411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023603877
M. Jovanović, I. Kerkez Janković, J. Milovanović, M. Nonić, M. Šijačić-Nikolić
Abstract
The pubescent oak (Quercus pubescens Willd.) leaves were analysed by the means of morphometric methods in the Outstanding Natural Landscape “Kosmaj” in Serbia. The main goals were to determine the level of intraspecific variability of pubescent oak leaves and to link it to local habitat conditions. Morphological analysis of size and shape (MASS) and landmark analyses were used for the investigation of the leaves, and observed differences were correlated to habitat conditions (altitude, slope, aspect) obtained by the digital terrain model. This study showed a clear pattern of intraspecific variability of leaf size and shape at a small spatial scale, and the presence of fluctuating asymmetry, length, and lobation differences as a response to local habitat conditions. The findings suggest that morphological variability can represent a useful tool for detecting changes in the environment, especially in areas where the pubescent oak is considered endangered.
{"title":"Intraspecific Variability of Quercus pubescens Willd. Leaves from the Outstanding Natural Landscape “Kosmaj” in Serbia","authors":"M. Jovanović, I. Kerkez Janković, J. Milovanović, M. Nonić, M. Šijačić-Nikolić","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023603877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023603877","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The pubescent oak (<i>Quercus pubescens</i> Willd.) leaves were analysed by the means of morphometric methods in the Outstanding Natural Landscape “Kosmaj” in Serbia. The main goals were to determine the level of intraspecific variability of pubescent oak leaves and to link it to local habitat conditions. Morphological analysis of size and shape (MASS) and landmark analyses were used for the investigation of the leaves, and observed differences were correlated to habitat conditions (altitude, slope, aspect) obtained by the digital terrain model. This study showed a clear pattern of intraspecific variability of leaf size and shape at a small spatial scale, and the presence of fluctuating asymmetry, length, and lobation differences as a response to local habitat conditions. The findings suggest that morphological variability can represent a useful tool for detecting changes in the environment, especially in areas where the pubescent oak is considered endangered.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139771439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023603427
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are probiotic bacteria that have many health benefits. The aim of study was to determinate LAB from traditional cheeses (Gedebey, Ivanovka, Karabakh) consumed in Azerbaijan. The microbial content and loading of three traditional samples were explored using counting methods and a culture-independent approach. The average count of total bacteria in both of samples ranged between 105 and 107 cfu/g. In all samples, aerobic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria were more >4.9 × 105 cfu/g. The V3-V4 region of 16S rDNA was amplified from total DNA extracted from traditional cheese samples and microbial communities and lactic acid bacteria were determined. In general, the diversity of microbial populations in cheese samples were Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Streptococcus. Among the three samples, Gedebey sample showed the highest richness. Obtained data can be use in the food industry. In addition, lactic acid bacteria analysis could help the determination of potential strains for traditional cheese production. In conclusion, determination and identification of LAB strains in traditional cheeses will reveal the traditional food microbiota and will help to find potential probiotic bacteria for health and industry.
{"title":"Investigation of the Lactic Acid Bacteria in Different Traditional Cheeses of Azerbaijan","authors":"","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023603427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023603427","url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3>Abstract</h3> <p>Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are probiotic bacteria that have many health benefits. The aim of study was to determinate LAB from traditional cheeses (Gedebey, Ivanovka, Karabakh) consumed in Azerbaijan. The microbial content and loading of three traditional samples were explored using counting methods and a culture-independent approach. The average count of total bacteria in both of samples ranged between 10<sup>5</sup> and 10<sup>7</sup> cfu/g. In all samples, aerobic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria were more >4.9 × 10<sup>5</sup> cfu/g. The V3-V4 region of 16S rDNA was amplified from total DNA extracted from traditional cheese samples and microbial communities and lactic acid bacteria were determined. In general, the diversity of microbial populations in cheese samples were <em>Lactobacillus</em>, <em>Lactococcus</em>, <em>Streptococcus</em>. Among the three samples, Gedebey sample showed the highest richness. Obtained data can be use in the food industry. In addition, lactic acid bacteria analysis could help the determination of potential strains for traditional cheese production. In conclusion, determination and identification of LAB strains in traditional cheeses will reveal the traditional food microbiota and will help to find potential probiotic bacteria for health and industry.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139771432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-18DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023600332
Abstract
Garcinia gummi-gutta (L.) Roxb. is a tropical tree crop widely gaining attention due to the plenteousness of hydroxycitric acid (HCA), known for its anti-obesity and appetite-reducing activity. The declining male population, coupled with sexual complexity and floral diversity in fruit bearer, are challenging for natural pollination and hence require conservation of the germplasm. The investigation in this study focused on reproductive characterization, resource allocation, reproductive success, and male functionality could better explain the existing sexual system and its mode of reproduction. Great diversity in floral color of G. gummi-gutta specimens ranging from sulphur-yellow to crimson red in hermaphrodite compared to yellow-shaded male flowers was noticed in South Western Ghats. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant variations in floral quantitative characters across the sexual forms. However, no direct association was evident with reproductive success explicitly across male and hermaphrodite flowers. The Student’s t-test among hermaphrodite and male sex morphs unveiled a significant mean difference in pollen germination, and pollination was further defined with correlation analysis. The negative association of pollen germination with the female trait, viz., seed production, shows a trade-off to female reproductive fitness in hermaphrodite flowers. The androdiecious nature of the species is agreed upon the presence of fertile pollen grains by the hermaphrodite trees, and the report is the first of our knowledge.
摘要 藤黄树（Garcinia gummi-gutta (L.) Roxb.）是一种热带乔木作物，因富含羟基柠檬酸（HCA）而广受关注。雄性种群的减少，加上结实果实的性复杂性和花的多样性，给自然授粉带来了挑战，因此需要保护种质资源。本研究的调查重点是繁殖特征、资源分配、繁殖成功率和雄性功能，这可以更好地解释现有的有性系统及其繁殖模式。在西高止山脉南部，G. gummi-gutta标本的花色差异很大，雌雄同体的花色从硫黄到深红色不等，而雄花的花色则为黄色。方差分析（ANOVA）显示，不同有性形态的花的数量特征存在显著差异。不过，雄花和雌花的繁殖成功率没有明显的直接联系。雌雄两性花之间的学生 t 检验揭示了花粉萌发率的显著平均差异。花粉萌发率与雌性性状（即种子产量）呈负相关，这表明雌雄同体花的雌性生殖能力之间存在权衡。该物种的雄花两性花粉粒的存在证实了雌花两性花粉粒的存在，而该报告是我们所知的第一份报告。
{"title":"Floral Polychromatism and Female Fitness in Hermaphrodites of Garcinia gummi-gutta (L.) Roxb.","authors":"","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023600332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023600332","url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3>Abstract</h3> <p><em>Garcinia gummi-gutta</em> (L.) Roxb. is a tropical tree crop widely gaining attention due to the plenteousness of hydroxycitric acid (HCA), known for its anti-obesity and appetite-reducing activity. The declining male population, coupled with sexual complexity and floral diversity in fruit bearer, are challenging for natural pollination and hence require conservation of the germplasm. The investigation in this study focused on reproductive characterization, resource allocation, reproductive success, and male functionality could better explain the existing sexual system and its mode of reproduction. Great diversity in floral color of <em>G. gummi-gutta</em> specimens ranging from sulphur-yellow to crimson red in hermaphrodite compared to yellow-shaded male flowers was noticed in South Western Ghats. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant variations in floral quantitative characters across the sexual forms. However, no direct association was evident with reproductive success explicitly across male and hermaphrodite flowers. The Student’s <em>t</em>-test among hermaphrodite and male sex morphs unveiled a significant mean difference in pollen germination, and pollination was further defined with correlation analysis. The negative association of pollen germination with the female trait, viz., seed production, shows a trade-off to female reproductive fitness in hermaphrodite flowers. The androdiecious nature of the species is agreed upon the presence of fertile pollen grains by the hermaphrodite trees, and the report is the first of our knowledge.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"198 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139507687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-18DOI: 10.1134/s1062359022602646
B. Sevim, O. Eroğlu
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an important process that plays an active role in tumorigenesis. VEGFRs, a member of the tyrosine kinase receptor family involved in this process, is known as the receptor for VEGF ligands in tumor cells. c-Src is an adapter protein located downstream of VEGFRs and plays a role in angiogenic signaling. SPARC protein has recently been shown to play a role in metastasis in various types of cancer. In this study, inhibition of angiogenesis via extracellular matrix and VEGF/VEGFRs is aimed. Momordica charantia; is a valuable plant used quite often in traditional medicine. Triterpenes from various regions of plant appear to be promising in in vitro cancer-related studies. In our study; literature was searched to identify possible triterpenes in this plant; triterpenes in fruit and seed were selected. The 2D and 3D structure files of these triterpenes were obtained from PubChem. The structure files of the ligands were prepared with various programs and converted to the appropriate file format. X-ray diffraction structures of proteins were obtained from RCSB PDB. These structure files were made suitable for molecular docking studies. Docking and scoring were performed with the Vina program to select the appropriate poses. According to the in silico analysis; It has been found that various triterpenes that can be obtained from M. charantia plant may inhibit VEGFRs, SPARC, and c-Src proteins. These results show that these triterpenes are promising in terms of new natural therapeutic routes and drug candidates for aggressive cancer therapy.
{"title":"Evaluation of Interactions of Triterpenes in M. charantia with Proteins Involved in Vascularization in In Silico","authors":"B. Sevim, O. Eroğlu","doi":"10.1134/s1062359022602646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359022602646","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Angiogenesis is an important process that plays an active role in tumorigenesis. VEGFRs, a member of the tyrosine kinase receptor family involved in this process, is known as the receptor for VEGF ligands in tumor cells. c-Src is an adapter protein located downstream of VEGFRs and plays a role in angiogenic signaling. SPARC protein has recently been shown to play a role in metastasis in various types of cancer. In this study, inhibition of angiogenesis via extracellular matrix and VEGF/VEGFRs is aimed. <i>Momordica charantia</i>; is a valuable plant used quite often in traditional medicine. Triterpenes from various regions of plant appear to be promising in in vitro cancer-related studies. In our study; literature was searched to identify possible triterpenes in this plant; triterpenes in fruit and seed were selected. The 2D and 3D structure files of these triterpenes were obtained from PubChem. The structure files of the ligands were prepared with various programs and converted to the appropriate file format. X-ray diffraction structures of proteins were obtained from RCSB PDB. These structure files were made suitable for molecular docking studies. Docking and scoring were performed with the Vina program to select the appropriate poses. According to the <i>in silico</i> analysis; It has been found that various triterpenes that can be obtained from <i>M. charantia</i> plant may inhibit VEGFRs, SPARC, and c-Src proteins. These results show that these triterpenes are promising in terms of new natural therapeutic routes and drug candidates for aggressive cancer therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139507697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-18DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023601015
P. Nartop, E. Kuşku
Abstract
Spirulina platensis is an important source of pharmaceutically active metabolites. It is important to enhance and enrich the biomass of S. platensis cultures. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been used in many areas of biotechnology and biologically-synthetized silver nanoparticles (bio-AgNPs) have more beneficial effects on biosystems than chemically-synthetized AgNPs. In our study, Syzygium aromaticum-derived bio-AgNPs were added to S. platensis batch culture at 0–25 mg/L concentrations and the responses were evaluated. The highest optical densities and dry weight were detected at 5 mg/L bio-AgNP concentration, whereas 15 mg/L bio-AgNP triggered the highest fresh weight. Total phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidant capacities were also detected at their highest values between 1 and 15 mg/L bio-AgNP concentrations. The results revealed that bio-AgNP concentrations can be optimized and used as elicitors in order to enhance the growth and improved the biochemical composition.
{"title":"Influence of Bio-AgNP on Growth and Biochemical Composition of Spirulina platensis","authors":"P. Nartop, E. Kuşku","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023601015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023601015","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p><i>Spirulina platensis</i> is an important source of pharmaceutically active metabolites. It is important to enhance and enrich the biomass of <i>S. platensis</i> cultures. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been used in many areas of biotechnology and biologically-synthetized silver nanoparticles (bio-AgNPs) have more beneficial effects on biosystems than chemically-synthetized AgNPs. In our study, <i>Syzygium aromaticum</i>-derived bio-AgNPs were added to <i>S. platensis</i> batch culture at 0–25 mg/L concentrations and the responses were evaluated. The highest optical densities and dry weight were detected at 5 mg/L bio-AgNP concentration, whereas 15 mg/L bio-AgNP triggered the highest fresh weight. Total phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidant capacities were also detected at their highest values between 1 and 15 mg/L bio-AgNP concentrations. The results revealed that bio-AgNP concentrations can be optimized and used as elicitors in order to enhance the growth and improved the biochemical composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"135 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139507696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号