Wetlands are important habitats for bird populations and understanding the diversity and other ecological characteristics of bird species assists in managing the ecosystem. In this study, we looked at the bird diversity, abundance and habitat utilization of waterbirds in Khajuha wetland district Kushinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India. This field investigation was conducted using line transects and point counts. There were 2815 distinct birds in all, representing 45 species and 10 orders. We kept track of each species’ guild, conservation status, residential status, and species abundance. Order Anseriformes displayed the highest relative diversity index, and Order Podicipediformes displayed the lowest number. The outcome of GLM analysis exhibited largest bird count in low land vegetation during winter season. While, lowest bird count in upland vegetation during pre-winter season. Besides, maximum diversity indices were noticed in winter season. Furthermore, during the pre-winter and winter seasons, low land vegetation was the most commonly used habitat. Finally, emergent vegetation was significantly utilized in post-winter. We concluded that many waterbirds reside in this wetland, and present study provides background data on the paucity of conservation attention paid to them by interested parties. Long-term follow-up studies will be helpful in identifying species-specific conservation measures for birds that depend on wetlands.
{"title":"Elucidation of Diversity and Habitat Utilization of Waterbirds in Khajuha Wetland, Northern India","authors":"Himanshu Mishra, Farah Bano, Prateek, Anshu Mishra, Ashish Kumar, Vikas Kumar","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023605542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023605542","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Wetlands are important habitats for bird populations and understanding the diversity and other ecological characteristics of bird species assists in managing the ecosystem. In this study, we looked at the bird diversity, abundance and habitat utilization of waterbirds in Khajuha wetland district Kushinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India. This field investigation was conducted using line transects and point counts. There were 2815 distinct birds in all, representing 45 species and 10 orders. We kept track of each species’ guild, conservation status, residential status, and species abundance. Order Anseriformes displayed the highest relative diversity index, and Order Podicipediformes displayed the lowest number. The outcome of GLM analysis exhibited largest bird count in low land vegetation during winter season. While, lowest bird count in upland vegetation during pre-winter season. Besides, maximum diversity indices were noticed in winter season. Furthermore, during the pre-winter and winter seasons, low land vegetation was the most commonly used habitat. Finally, emergent vegetation was significantly utilized in post-winter. We concluded that many waterbirds reside in this wetland, and present study provides background data on the paucity of conservation attention paid to them by interested parties. Long-term follow-up studies will be helpful in identifying species-specific conservation measures for birds that depend on wetlands.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140313505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023605980
Asif Hamid Dar, Aadil Rashid Sheikh, Abdul Hamid Wani, Wasim Sajad Malik
Abstract
Ganoderma Karst., a rot causing and lignin degrading genus of wild mushrooms exhibits remarkable variability in the basidiome morphology often leading to inconclusive species identification by conventional taxonomic procedure. Present study by making use of integrated morpho-anatomical and molecular approach of identification, recorded G. leucocontextum as a new addition to the wild mushroom flora of India.
摘要卡氏蘑菇（Ganoderma Karst.）是一种引起腐烂和降解木质素的野生蘑菇属，其基生体形态具有显著的变异性，往往导致传统分类方法无法确定其物种。本研究利用综合形态解剖学和分子鉴定方法，将 G. leucocontextum 记录为印度野生蘑菇群中的新成员。
{"title":"Ganoderma leucocontextum, a New Addition to Indian Mycoflora from Kashmir Himalaya","authors":"Asif Hamid Dar, Aadil Rashid Sheikh, Abdul Hamid Wani, Wasim Sajad Malik","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023605980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023605980","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p><i>Ganoderma</i> Karst., a rot causing and lignin degrading genus of wild mushrooms exhibits remarkable variability in the basidiome morphology often leading to inconclusive species identification by conventional taxonomic procedure. Present study by making use of integrated morpho-anatomical and molecular approach of identification, recorded <i>G. leucocontextum</i> as a new addition to the wild mushroom flora of India.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140313403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flowering plants display unsurpassed diversity in the morphology of their reproductive structures, including the stamens. Stamens within a flower are usually akin in appearance, however some species possess two, or occasionally three, structurally distinct types that often differ in reproductive function. This peculiar morphological differentiation of stamens and anthers within a flower is referred to as heteranthery. It occurs in at least 20 families distributed among 12 orders including Commelinaceae, Fabaceae, Lythraceae, Melastomaceae, etc. Functional significance of this feature has also been elaborated in several species. Genus Crotalaria of family Fabaceae is a classical example displaying this mechanism. Present work carried out on two species of genus Crotalaria i.e., C. medicaginea and C. mysorensis, forming natural population at an altitude of 426–1015 m a.s.l. in subtropical regimes of Northwestern Himalayas is aimed to address relative functional significance of this dimorphism. The dimorphism of anthers that includes shape, size, dehiscence time as well as size of pollen is associated with staggered presentation of pollen in both the species. As expected, this aids in delayed selfing and assurance of seed set. However, while heteranthery plays extremely significant role in the reproductive success of C. mysorensis, extent of contribution is relatively much lower in C. medicaginea.
摘要花卉植物的生殖结构（包括雄蕊）在形态上呈现出无与伦比的多样性。一朵花中的雄蕊通常外形相似，但有些物种拥有两种，有时甚至是三种结构不同的雄蕊，它们的生殖功能也往往不同。花内雄蕊和花药的这种奇特形态分化被称为异花授粉。这种现象至少出现在 20 个科，分布在 12 个目，包括菊科（Commodinaceae）、豆科（Fabaceae）、杓兰科（Lythraceae）、木犀科（Melastomaceae）等。这一特征的功能意义也在多个物种中得到了阐述。豆科 Crotalaria 属是显示这种机制的典型例子。本研究对喜马拉雅山西北部亚热带地区海拔 426-1015 米的两个 Crotalaria 属物种（即 C. medicaginea 和 C. mysorensis）进行了研究，旨在探讨这种二态性的相对功能意义。花药的二态性包括形状、大小、开裂时间以及花粉的大小，在这两个物种中都与花粉的交错呈现有关。正如预期的那样，这有助于延迟自交和保证结籽。不过，虽然异花授粉对 C. mysorensis 的繁殖成功起着极其重要的作用，但对 C. medicaginea 的贡献程度相对要低得多。
{"title":"Heteranthery and Its Comparative Imputation in Two Wild Species of Crotalaria L.","authors":"Jayoti Devi, Priya Sharma, Pratibha Magotra, Namrata Sharma","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023604688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023604688","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Flowering plants display unsurpassed diversity in the morphology of their reproductive structures, including the stamens. Stamens within a flower are usually akin in appearance, however some species possess two, or occasionally three, structurally distinct types that often differ in reproductive function. This peculiar morphological differentiation of stamens and anthers within a flower is referred to as heteranthery. It occurs in at least 20 families distributed among 12 orders including Commelinaceae, Fabaceae, Lythraceae, Melastomaceae, etc. Functional significance of this feature has also been elaborated in several species. Genus <i>Crotalaria</i> of family Fabaceae is a classical example displaying this mechanism. Present work carried out on two species of genus <i>Crotalaria</i> i.e., <i>C. medicaginea</i> and <i>C. mysorensis</i>, forming natural population at an altitude of 426–1015 m a.s.l. in subtropical regimes of Northwestern Himalayas is aimed to address relative functional significance of this dimorphism. The dimorphism of anthers that includes shape, size, dehiscence time as well as size of pollen is associated with staggered presentation of pollen in both the species. As expected, this aids in delayed selfing and assurance of seed set. However, while heteranthery plays extremely significant role in the reproductive success of <i>C. mysorensis</i>, extent of contribution is relatively much lower in <i>C. medicaginea</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140313608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023603324
S. Aras, N. Arslan
Abstract
In Büyük Akgöl, one of the most important lakes of Sakarya province in the Marmara region of Turkey, water and benthic sampling was carried out from five stations representing the lake seasonally between 2009 and 2010. As a result of the study, a total of 8736 individuals were collected from lake and that was a total of 24 species belonging to 36 taxa were identified. The benthic fauna community structure of the lake was classified with Turkish Biological Monitoring Working Party, Average Score Per-Taxon and Pielou’s Evenness, Shannon–Wiener. According to the TR-BMWP scores were in the IV and the III class while the ASPT analysis was classified as moderate, and was as very poor. J' values ranged between 0.62 and 0.73, and H' values ranged from 1.74 to 2.14. The water quality parameters of the lake were classified as “unsuitable” by WQI and as “very polluted” according to HEI whereas the SAR, Na, and NPI were classified as ‘excellent, good and no pollution.’ According to the classification of water pollution control regulation it was showed 1st, 2nd and 3rd quality water characteristic. Pb, Hg, Al, Se, Cd concentrations and turbidity were exceeded the limit values set by WHO.
{"title":"The Effect of Water Quality on the Structure and Distribution of Benthic Community and Evaluation of the Lake’s Water with Some Water Quality Indices: A Case Study of Büyük Akgöl Lake","authors":"S. Aras, N. Arslan","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023603324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023603324","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In Büyük Akgöl, one of the most important lakes of Sakarya province in the Marmara region of Turkey, water and benthic sampling was carried out from five stations representing the lake seasonally between 2009 and 2010. As a result of the study, a total of 8736 individuals were collected from lake and that was a total of 24 species belonging to 36 taxa were identified. The benthic fauna community structure of the lake was classified with Turkish Biological Monitoring Working Party, Average Score Per-Taxon and Pielou’s Evenness, Shannon–Wiener. According to the TR-BMWP scores were in the IV and the III class while the ASPT analysis was classified as moderate, and was as very poor. J' values ranged between 0.62 and 0.73, and H' values ranged from 1.74 to 2.14. The water quality parameters of the lake were classified as “unsuitable” by WQI and as “very polluted” according to HEI whereas the SAR, Na, and NPI were classified as ‘excellent, good and no pollution.’ According to the classification of water pollution control regulation it was showed 1st, 2nd and 3rd quality water characteristic. Pb, Hg, Al, Se, Cd concentrations and turbidity were exceeded the limit values set by WHO.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140313644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023604159
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba leaf extracts (GBLE) possess strong physiological activities, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In the experiment, the mitigating effects of GBLE on ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced damage were studied in female Drosophila melanogaster (D. melanogaster). Based on the concentration screening experiments, GBLE was finally added to the food medium at a concentration of 0.04 mg/mL to ameliorate the damage to female D. melanogaster suffering from the irradiating dose (300 μW/cm3, 40 cm, 50 min). The results indicated that the mean lifespan of D. melanogaster fed GBLE food was increased by 5.80% in comparison with that of the control group, and the climbing ability was increased by 69.79% with antioxidant capacity improvement, including a reduction in ROS levels in the fat body. Additionally, GBLE could also promote the recovery of cyclogeny and fertility of UV-damaged D. melanogaster. The gene expression levels in the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway were significantly promoted in female D. melanogaster suffering from UV radiation with GBLE supplementation, and according to the Nrf2-RNAi D. melanogaster experiments, GBLE ameliorated the effect of UV damage through activating the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway.
摘要 银杏叶提取物（GBLE）具有很强的生理活性，如抗氧化和抗炎作用。本实验研究了银杏叶提取物对紫外线辐射（UV）引起的雌性黑腹果蝇（D. melanogaster）损伤的缓解作用。根据浓度筛选实验，最终在食物培养基中添加浓度为0.04 mg/mL的GBLE，以改善雌性黑腹果蝇在辐照剂量（300 μW/cm3, 40 cm, 50 min）下的损伤。结果表明，与对照组相比，喂食GBLE食物的雌性黑腹滨蝽的平均寿命延长了5.80%，爬行能力提高了69.79%，抗氧化能力也有所提高，包括脂肪体中ROS水平的降低。此外，GBLE 还能促进受紫外线损伤的黑腹蝇的周期发生和繁殖能力的恢复。补充GBLE后，遭受紫外线辐射的雌性黑腹滨蝽体内Keap1-Nrf2信号通路的基因表达水平明显提高，根据Nrf2-RNAi黑腹滨蝽实验，GBLE通过激活Keap1-Nrf2信号通路改善了紫外线损伤的影响。
{"title":"Protective Effect of Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae Family) Leaf Extracts on Female Drosophila melanogaster Suffering from Ultraviolet Irradiation through Activating the Keap1-Nrf2 Signaling Pathway","authors":"","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023604159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023604159","url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3>Abstract</h3> <p><em>Ginkgo biloba</em> leaf extracts (GBLE) possess strong physiological activities, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In the experiment, the mitigating effects of GBLE on ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced damage were studied in female <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> (<em>D. melanogaster</em>). Based on the concentration screening experiments, GBLE was finally added to the food medium at a concentration of 0.04 mg/mL to ameliorate the damage to female <em>D. melanogaster</em> suffering from the irradiating dose (300 μW/cm<sup>3</sup>, 40 cm, 50 min). The results indicated that the mean lifespan of <em>D. melanogaster</em> fed GBLE food was increased by 5.80% in comparison with that of the control group, and the climbing ability was increased by 69.79% with antioxidant capacity improvement, including a reduction in ROS levels in the fat body. Additionally, GBLE could also promote the recovery of cyclogeny and fertility of UV-damaged <em>D. melanogaster</em>. The gene expression levels in the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway were significantly promoted in female <em>D. melanogaster</em> suffering from UV radiation with GBLE supplementation, and according to the Nrf2-RNAi <em>D. melanogaster</em> experiments, GBLE ameliorated the effect of UV damage through activating the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140316894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023603336
Y. Shafiei, M. Mohsenzadeh Golfazani, A. Mostafaie, M. M. Taghvaei, H. Samizadeh Lahiji, A. Raza
Abstract
Fungal diseases are crucial factors in reducing chickpea production. Ascochyta Blight is caused by the necrotrophic fungi Didymella rabiei and is one of the most destructive diseases in most world areas. Therefore, a completely randomized factorial design with five replications was applied to evaluate the effects of Ascochyta Blight disease fungi on the chickpea plant. The chlorophyll index, the activities of superoxide dismutase isoforms, and evolutionary analyses were performed to get further insights. Also, 2D electrophoresis of chickpea leaf proteins, gene ontology, and protein-protein interactions analysis was performed. The results did not show any significant effect of A. rabiei infection on the wet weight of chickpea seedlings. Chlorophyll index levels significantly decreased with A. rabiei infection in both chickpea lines. Electrophoretic analysis of superoxide dismutase on 8% polyacrylamide gel revealed three isoforms. The activities of superoxide dismutase isoforms significantly increased with A. rabiei disease. Identification of proteins was performed according to their isoelectric points and approximate molecular weights. Leaf proteome analysis of chickpea lines showed that the expression of eight reproducible spots changed significantly under A. rabiei disease condition. Candidate proteins were components of defense and regulation systems. High expression of Dual specificity protein, Peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase B2, and chloroplastic phosphatase 1B (the proteins involved in the defense system) reveals their essential functions under A. rabiei infection. Increased activities of superoxide dismutase enzymes and proteins involved in the defense system can reduce A. rabiei infection effects on chickpea seedlings.
摘要 真菌病是鹰嘴豆减产的关键因素。灰霉病由坏死性真菌 Didymella rabiei 引起，是世界上大多数地区最具破坏性的病害之一。因此，本研究采用了完全随机的因子设计，五次重复，以评估Ascochyta Blight病害真菌对鹰嘴豆植株的影响。通过叶绿素指数、超氧化物歧化酶同工酶的活性和进化分析，研究人员获得了进一步的认识。此外，还对鹰嘴豆叶片蛋白质进行了二维电泳、基因本体和蛋白质相互作用分析。结果表明，A. rabiei 感染对鹰嘴豆幼苗的湿重没有明显影响。两个鹰嘴豆品系的叶绿素指数水平在感染 A. rabiei 后都明显下降。超氧化物歧化酶在 8%聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上的电泳分析显示有三种同工酶。超氧化物歧化酶同工酶的活性随 A. rabiei 病害的发生而显著增加。根据等电点和近似分子量对蛋白质进行了鉴定。鹰嘴豆品系的叶片蛋白质组分析表明，8 个可重复点的表达在 A. rabiei 病害条件下发生了显著变化。候选蛋白质是防御和调节系统的组成成分。双特异性蛋白、多肽蛋氨酸亚砜还原酶 B2 和叶绿体磷酸酶 1B（参与防御系统的蛋白）的高表达表明了它们在 A. rabiei 感染下的重要功能。提高超氧化物歧化酶和参与防御系统的蛋白质的活性，可降低鹰嘴豆幼苗受拉氏菌感染的影响。
{"title":"Evaluation of Superoxide Dismutase Isoforms Activity and Defense System-Related Proteins’ Expression in Ascochyta Blight-Infected Chickpea Using 2D Electrophoresis Technique","authors":"Y. Shafiei, M. Mohsenzadeh Golfazani, A. Mostafaie, M. M. Taghvaei, H. Samizadeh Lahiji, A. Raza","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023603336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023603336","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Fungal diseases are crucial factors in reducing chickpea production. Ascochyta Blight is caused by the necrotrophic fungi <i>Didymella rabiei</i> and is one of the most destructive diseases in most world areas. Therefore, a completely randomized factorial design with five replications was applied to evaluate the effects of Ascochyta Blight disease fungi on the chickpea plant. The chlorophyll index, the activities of superoxide dismutase isoforms, and evolutionary analyses were performed to get further insights. Also, 2D electrophoresis of chickpea leaf proteins, gene ontology, and protein-protein interactions analysis was performed. The results did not show any significant effect of <i>A. rabiei</i> infection on the wet weight of chickpea seedlings. Chlorophyll index levels significantly decreased with <i>A. rabiei</i> infection in both chickpea lines. Electrophoretic analysis of superoxide dismutase on 8% polyacrylamide gel revealed three isoforms. The activities of superoxide dismutase isoforms significantly increased with <i>A. rabiei</i> disease. Identification of proteins was performed according to their isoelectric points and approximate molecular weights. Leaf proteome analysis of chickpea lines showed that the expression of eight reproducible spots changed significantly under <i>A. rabiei</i> disease condition. Candidate proteins were components of defense and regulation systems. High expression of Dual specificity protein, Peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase B2, and chloroplastic phosphatase 1B (the proteins involved in the defense system) reveals their essential functions under <i>A. rabiei</i> infection. Increased activities of superoxide dismutase enzymes and proteins involved in the defense system can reduce <i>A. rabiei</i> infection effects on chickpea seedlings.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140313737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023602112
Shivalika Sharma, Namita Joshi
Abstract
This study deals with the checklist of Butterfly and the floral resources i.e., trees, herbs, shrubs, climbers, bamboo from District Haridwar Uttarakhand India. The study was carried out from April 2019–March 2020. Four sampling sites S1 i.e., Kangri (natural forest), S2, i.e., Jagjeetpur (agri-horticulture), S3 i.e., Laksar (Agriculture) and S4 i.e., Bahadrabad (Barren-industrial region) were selected for this study. A total of 84 species belonging to four families (Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae and Lycaenidae) were identified, with 7533 individuals belonging to four different groups. During the study period, the Nymphalidae family was found to be the most prevalent group while Family Papilionidae with least species diversity. A total of 96 species of plants were recorded from four sites. Kangri has rich floral diversity while Laksar has low floral diversity. Rich floral diversity in Kangri supports rich biodiversity.
{"title":"The Diversity of Butterflies (Insecta Lepidoptera) and Floral Resources of District Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India: A Systematic Checklist","authors":"Shivalika Sharma, Namita Joshi","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023602112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023602112","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This study deals with the checklist of Butterfly and the floral resources i.e., trees, herbs, shrubs, climbers, bamboo from District Haridwar Uttarakhand India. The study was carried out from April 2019–March 2020. Four sampling sites S1 i.e., Kangri (natural forest), S2, i.e., Jagjeetpur (agri-horticulture), S3 i.e., Laksar (Agriculture) and S4 i.e., Bahadrabad (Barren-industrial region) were selected for this study. A total of 84 species belonging to four families (Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae and Lycaenidae) were identified, with 7533 individuals belonging to four different groups. During the study period, the Nymphalidae family was found to be the most prevalent group while Family Papilionidae with least species diversity. A total of 96 species of plants were recorded from four sites. Kangri has rich floral diversity while Laksar has low floral diversity. Rich floral diversity in Kangri supports rich biodiversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140313401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023605566
Liyaqat Ali, Anzar Ahmad Khuroo, Aijaz H. Ganie, Debabrata Maity
Abstract
Artemisia neosinensis is reported here as first distribution record for India from Jammu and Kashmir. The taxonomic identification of species was confirmed on the basis of protologue, type specimen, floral parts, i.e., marginal female florets and disc florets, phyllaries and achene characters. Detailed distribution map, description, taxonomic notes and photographic illustrations are provided to facilitate easy and correct identification of this species.
{"title":"Artemisia neosinensis B.H. Jiao and T.G. Gao (Asteraceae), a New Addition to Flora of India from Jammu and Kashmir","authors":"Liyaqat Ali, Anzar Ahmad Khuroo, Aijaz H. Ganie, Debabrata Maity","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023605566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023605566","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p><i>Artemisia neosinensis</i> is reported here as first distribution record for India from Jammu and Kashmir. The taxonomic identification of species was confirmed on the basis of protologue, type specimen, floral parts, i.e., marginal female florets and disc florets, phyllaries and achene characters. Detailed distribution map, description, taxonomic notes and photographic illustrations are provided to facilitate easy and correct identification of this species.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140313729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.1134/s106235902360455x
Abstract
Methylene blue (MB) has a long story of use and has been employed for various diseases, however, most of its current rekindled research is related to its function in the mitochondria. MB is gaining interest as a possible treatment because mitochondrial dysfunction is an apparent unifying pathogenic characteristic of a variety of neurodegenerative conditions. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by impairment of cognitive functions. This study aims to investigate whether MB treatment improves impaired cognitive functions and reduces hippocampal amyloid-β levels and oxidative stress in a D-galactose-induced AD mouse model. Twenty-four wild-type Balb/c mice were randomly divided into four groups (control, D-galactose-induced AD, MB-treated AD, and only MB-treated mice). Mice in the corresponding groups were injected with D-galactose (50 mg/kg, s.c.) for 60 days. In the MB treatment groups, the mice were treated with MB (2 mg/kg, orally) for the last 14 days of treatments. The Morris water maze test was used to assess spatial learning and memory functions. Amyloid β-42, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and nitric oxide levels in the hippocampi of mice were measured using ELISA and spectrophotometry. MB treatment improved impaired learning and memory functions induced by D-galactose administration and decreased amyloid β-42 concentration in the hippocampi of mice. Malondialdehyde level was found to decrease in MB-treated mice compared to D-galactose-induced AD mice in the hippocampus and plasma. The hippocampus of MB-treated mice displayed increased superoxide dismutase activity while decreased nitric oxide concentration compared to the ones of D-galactose-induced AD mice. MB has been shown to improve learning and memory impairments, as well as reduce Aβ-42 concentration and oxidative stress in the hippocampus of D-galactose-induced AD mice. The findings of this study demonstrate that MB may offer potential benefits as a repurposed agent for AD.
摘要 亚甲蓝（MB）的使用由来已久，曾被用于治疗各种疾病，但目前重新启动的研究大多与亚甲蓝在线粒体中的功能有关。线粒体功能障碍是多种神经退行性疾病的一个明显的统一致病特征，因此甲基溴作为一种可能的治疗方法正受到越来越多的关注。阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种以认知功能障碍为特征的进行性神经退行性疾病。本研究旨在探讨甲基溴治疗是否能改善认知功能受损，并降低 D-半乳糖诱导的 AD 小鼠模型的海马淀粉样蛋白-β 水平和氧化应激。24 只野生型 Balb/c 小鼠被随机分为四组（对照组、D-半乳糖诱导的 AD 小鼠组、MB 治疗的 AD 小鼠组和仅 MB 治疗的小鼠组）。相应组的小鼠连续 60 天注射 D-半乳糖（50 毫克/千克，静脉注射）。在甲基溴治疗组中，小鼠在治疗的最后 14 天口服甲基溴（2 毫克/千克）。莫里斯水迷宫试验用于评估小鼠的空间学习和记忆功能。使用 ELISA 和分光光度法测量了小鼠海马中淀粉样β-42、丙二醛、超氧化物歧化酶和一氧化氮的水平。甲基溴治疗改善了服用 D-半乳糖引起的学习和记忆功能受损，降低了小鼠海马中淀粉样蛋白 β-42 的浓度。经甲基溴治疗的小鼠海马和血浆中的丙二醛水平比D-半乳糖诱导的AD小鼠低。与 D-半乳糖诱导的 AD 小鼠相比，经甲基溴处理的小鼠海马的超氧化物歧化酶活性增加，而一氧化氮浓度降低。有研究表明，甲基溴可改善学习和记忆障碍，并降低 Aβ-42 浓度和 D-半乳糖诱导的 AD 小鼠海马中的氧化应激。这项研究的结果表明，甲基溴作为一种治疗注意力缺失症的再用途药物可能具有潜在的益处。
{"title":"Methylene Blue Attenuates Impaired Cognitive Functions and Reduces Hippocampal Aβ Levels and Oxidative Stress in D-Galactose-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model","authors":"","doi":"10.1134/s106235902360455x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s106235902360455x","url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3>Abstract</h3> <p>Methylene blue (MB) has a long story of use and has been employed for various diseases, however, most of its current rekindled research is related to its function in the mitochondria. MB is gaining interest as a possible treatment because mitochondrial dysfunction is an apparent unifying pathogenic characteristic of a variety of neurodegenerative conditions. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by impairment of cognitive functions. This study aims to investigate whether MB treatment improves impaired cognitive functions and reduces hippocampal amyloid-β levels and oxidative stress in a D-galactose-induced AD mouse model. Twenty-four wild-type Balb/c mice were randomly divided into four groups (control, D-galactose-induced AD, MB-treated AD, and only MB-treated mice). Mice in the corresponding groups were injected with D-galactose (50 mg/kg, s.c.) for 60 days. In the MB treatment groups, the mice were treated with MB (2 mg/kg, orally) for the last 14 days of treatments. The Morris water maze test was used to assess spatial learning and memory functions. Amyloid β-42, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and nitric oxide levels in the hippocampi of mice were measured using ELISA and spectrophotometry. MB treatment improved impaired learning and memory functions induced by D-galactose administration and decreased amyloid β-42 concentration in the hippocampi of mice. Malondialdehyde level was found to decrease in MB-treated mice compared to D-galactose-induced AD mice in the hippocampus and plasma. The hippocampus of MB-treated mice displayed increased superoxide dismutase activity while decreased nitric oxide concentration compared to the ones of D-galactose-induced AD mice. MB has been shown to improve learning and memory impairments, as well as reduce Aβ-42 concentration and oxidative stress in the hippocampus of D-galactose-induced AD mice. The findings of this study demonstrate that MB may offer potential benefits as a repurposed agent for AD.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140313735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the intricate molecular world, post-translational modifications play pivotal roles in modulating protein activity and function. The Drosophilamelanogaster genome encodes an array of enzymes to mediate these processes. Here, we elucidate a previously unrecognized connection between the Drosophila transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (dTak1) and the deubiquitinase Ovarian tumor (Otu). We demonstrate that dTak1 mediates both the phase-separated condensation and the deubiquitinase enzymatical activity of Otu in a manner independent of its kinase function. Using a combination of biochemical assays and in vivo genetic interactions, our findings highlight the significance of dTak1 in orchestrating the assembly of Otu condensates, and consequently, in the regulation of Otu’s biological functions. Our studies underscore the multifaceted nature of protein-protein interactions and open up avenues for exploring non-traditional roles of kinases in cellular processes.
{"title":"Drosophila Tak1 Mediates the Condensation and Deubiquitinase Activity of Otu in a Kinase-Independent Manner","authors":"Chuchu Zhang, Xueli Shao, Zhuolan Xia, Yihua Xiao, Baoyi Hu, Yulong Yang, Xiangyun Li, Zhen Zhang, Abdul Qadeer, Yangyang Zhu","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023605013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023605013","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In the intricate molecular world, post-translational modifications play pivotal roles in modulating protein activity and function. The <i>Drosophila</i> <i>melanogaster</i> genome encodes an array of enzymes to mediate these processes. Here, we elucidate a previously unrecognized connection between the <i>Drosophila</i> transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (dTak1) and the deubiquitinase Ovarian tumor (Otu). We demonstrate that dTak1 mediates both the phase-separated condensation and the deubiquitinase enzymatical activity of Otu in a manner independent of its kinase function. Using a combination of biochemical assays and in vivo genetic interactions, our findings highlight the significance of dTak1 in orchestrating the assembly of Otu condensates, and consequently, in the regulation of Otu’s biological functions. Our studies underscore the multifaceted nature of protein-protein interactions and open up avenues for exploring non-traditional roles of kinases in cellular processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140313640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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