Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023605189
L. A. Fedina, M. V. Maslov, S. K. Malysheva, O. V. Nakonechnaya, T. O. Markova
Abstract
Data on the status of two natural populations of the rare, endemic medicinal species Alangium platanifolium known from the Russian Federation is provided in this article. Information about one of them is reported for the first time. Geobotanical descriptions of the phytocenoses are presented. In southern Primorskii krai, A. platanifolium has been noted to grow in the shrub layer of coniferous/broad-leaved forest with Pinus koraiensis and Abies holophylla. It has also been found that the area of the population discovered 20 years ago has expanded tenfold and now amounts to 10 ha. The new locality of A. platanifolium covers an area of 0.25 ha. The total number of A. platanifolium is more than 700 of various-age plants. The data obtained extends the current knowledge of the distribution and life state of A. platanifolium and indicates the fact of the growth of subtropical elements in phytocenoses of the Russian Federation.
{"title":"Natural Populations of the Rare Medicinal Species Alangium platanifolium (Alangiacеае) in Russia","authors":"L. A. Fedina, M. V. Maslov, S. K. Malysheva, O. V. Nakonechnaya, T. O. Markova","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023605189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023605189","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Data on the status of two natural populations of the rare, endemic medicinal species <i>Alangium platanifolium</i> known from the Russian Federation is provided in this article. Information about one of them is reported for the first time. Geobotanical descriptions of the phytocenoses are presented. In southern Primorskii krai, <i>A. platanifolium</i> has been noted to grow in the shrub layer of coniferous/broad-leaved forest with <i>Pinus koraiensis</i> and <i>Abies holophylla</i>. It has also been found that the area of the population discovered 20 years ago has expanded tenfold and now amounts to 10 ha. The new locality of <i>A. platanifolium</i> covers an area of 0.25 ha. The total number of <i>A. platanifolium</i> is more than 700 of various-age plants. The data obtained extends the current knowledge of the distribution and life state of <i>A. platanifolium</i> and indicates the fact of the growth of subtropical elements in phytocenoses of the Russian Federation.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140576016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023602690
Abstract
The effect of a lipid extract isolated from the marine green algae Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot on the liver and blood biochemical indicators in mice under the impact of acute stress (vertical fixation by the dorsal neck fold) was studied. The pharmacological effect of the C. fragile lipid extract was manifested in the restoration of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as in the normalization of the indicators of the endogenous antioxidant defense system under the effect of stress. The biological activity of the lipid extract of C. fragile is, probably, due to the action of its constituent polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω-3 and ω-6 families. The lipid extract of C. fragile was not inferior to the reference Omega-3 preparation in restoring the body’s metabolic reactions caused by the impact of the stress; however, it showed higher antioxidant activity.
{"title":"The Effect of a Lipid Extract from the Marine Green Algae Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot 1889 on Metabolic Reactions under Acute Stress","authors":"","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023602690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023602690","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>The effect of a lipid extract isolated from the marine green algae <em>Codium fragile</em> (Suringar) Hariot on the liver and blood biochemical indicators in mice under the impact of acute stress (vertical fixation by the dorsal neck fold) was studied. The pharmacological effect of the <em>C. fragile</em> lipid extract was manifested in the restoration of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as in the normalization of the indicators of the endogenous antioxidant defense system under the effect of stress. The biological activity of the lipid extract of <em>C. fragile</em> is, probably, due to the action of its constituent polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω-3 and ω-6 families. The lipid extract of <em>C. fragile</em> was not inferior to the reference Omega-3 preparation in restoring the body’s metabolic reactions caused by the impact of the stress; however, it showed higher antioxidant activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140576052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1134/s106235902360530x
Abstract
The possibility of analyzing the general and functional diversity of the ecosystem is considered, as is unambiguous interpretation of the results obtained based on our work experience and previously obtained data. The prospects for studying small mammals without removal from the wild are discussed. We discuss distinguishing in a sample the resident component, which makes it possible to characterize local resource flows, and the nonresident component, dependent on the state of the territory as a whole. A description of the capture–mark–recapture protocol, methods for assessing spatial activity, calculating the density of the resident population per unit area, and the completeness of species richness estimate is provided. The estimates of animal numbers per unit of trapping effort in pooled sample, the population density of residents, and the index of the nonresident flow are compared. The possibility of analyzing the resource flows in “historical,” “novel,” and “hybrid” ecosystems, as well as using data to analyze the resilience of the ecosystem and detect the threshold point, is considered.
{"title":"The Role of Biodiversity in Ensuring the Functioning of Ecosystems: Paper 2. Small Mammals in the Ecological Monitoring System: Obtaining Data and Assessment of the Diversity, State, and Dynamics of Ecosystems","authors":"","doi":"10.1134/s106235902360530x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s106235902360530x","url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3>Abstract</h3> <p>The possibility of analyzing the general and functional diversity of the ecosystem is considered, as is unambiguous interpretation of the results obtained based on our work experience and previously obtained data. The prospects for studying small mammals without removal from the wild are discussed. We discuss distinguishing in a sample the resident component, which makes it possible to characterize local resource flows, and the nonresident component, dependent on the state of the territory as a whole. A description of the capture–mark–recapture protocol, methods for assessing spatial activity, calculating the density of the resident population per unit area, and the completeness of species richness estimate is provided. The estimates of animal numbers per unit of trapping effort in pooled sample, the population density of residents, and the index of the nonresident flow are compared. The possibility of analyzing the resource flows in “historical,” “novel,” and “hybrid” ecosystems, as well as using data to analyze the resilience of the ecosystem and detect the threshold point, is considered.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140589163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023603695
Abstract
The effect of the synthetic analogue of leu-enkephalin (dalargin) on the level of corticosterone in the blood and the mass of the adrenal glands in rats with various typological features of behavior in the model of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was studied. Groups were formed: active low-anxiety (ALA) and high-anxiety (AHA), as well as passive low-anxiety (PLA) and high-anxiety (PHA) rats. Each of the four groups of rats was divided into three subgroups, where subgroup 1 is an intact control. Twenty days after the first stressful exposure, rats from subgroup 3 were injected intramuscularly with dalargin for seven days, and rats from subgroup 2 were injected with saline solution. It was found that the course of injections of dalargin into rats in the PTSD model had a positive effect on the studied indicators only in the group of active high-anxiety animals.
{"title":"The Effect of Dalargin on the Level of Corticosterone in Rats with Different Individual Typological Features of Behavior in the PTSD Model","authors":"","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023603695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023603695","url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3>Abstract</h3> <p>The effect of the synthetic analogue of leu-enkephalin (dalargin) on the level of corticosterone in the blood and the mass of the adrenal glands in rats with various typological features of behavior in the model of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was studied. Groups were formed: active low-anxiety (ALA) and high-anxiety (AHA), as well as passive low-anxiety (PLA) and high-anxiety (PHA) rats. Each of the four groups of rats was divided into three subgroups, where subgroup 1 is an intact control. Twenty days after the first stressful exposure, rats from subgroup 3 were injected intramuscularly with dalargin for seven days, and rats from subgroup 2 were injected with saline solution. It was found that the course of injections of dalargin into rats in the PTSD model had a positive effect on the studied indicators only in the group of active high-anxiety animals.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140576119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023606298
Abstract
The study sample was collected during a field survey done in the year 2019 from Darjeeling hills, India. A detailed morphological description along with field images and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analyses suggested that the collected specimen is Gerhardtia foliicola. It is well characterized by its reddish brown and hygrophanous pileus, densely crowded lamellae, irregular ellipsoid basidiospores and its occurrence on leaf litter and humus in broadleaf or coniferous forests.
{"title":"Gerhardtia foliicola (Agaricales), a New Record of Gilled Fungi from India Based on Morphological and Molecular Analyses","authors":"","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023606298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023606298","url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3>Abstract</h3> <p>The study sample was collected during a field survey done in the year 2019 from Darjeeling hills, India. A detailed morphological description along with field images and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analyses suggested that the collected specimen is <em>Gerhardtia foliicola.</em> It is well characterized by its reddish brown and hygrophanous pileus, densely crowded lamellae, irregular ellipsoid basidiospores and its occurrence on leaf litter and humus in broadleaf or coniferous forests.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140314027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023604111
Sabnoor Yeasrin Jyoti, Bhaben Tanti
Abstract
Citrus is considered to have originated in north-eastern India which is recognized for having a wide variety of Citrus plants. Assam (India) is also a rich biodiversity hotspot of different Citrus species. The geographic region of this state is favored by a very suitable climatic condition for the growth of different crop plants including Citrus. But, being a flood prone area, every year Assam faces a destruction of large scale of crop plants. The increasing problem of climate change also affects this region to a greater extent from the past few years. For this reason, some unpredictable environmental conditions are experienced by this area which has become a cause of unfavorable growth of plants. Since Citrus is a very significant fruit crop of Assam, therefore, study on the effect of abiotic stress on this species is necessary. The present investigation includes a study on the morpho-physiological response of five different Citrus species to three different abiotic stresses including submergence, drought and low pH. Growth parameters like leaf fresh weight and dry weight, root fresh weight and dry weight were measured which revealed decreasing value in the stress conditions followed by an increased rate in the recovery. Similarly, the stress conditions were found to affect the physiological parameters including total chlorophyll content, relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), relative electrolytic conductance (REC). Maximum quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) of the Citrus plants under stress was found to be notably reduced which further increased in recovery. The key parameters mostly affected by stress were found in principal component analysis (PCA). Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of leaves and roots were highly affected by low pH and drought stress, whereas maximum quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm), membrane stability index (MSI) and relative water content (RWC) were come out to be the principal factors affected by submergence stress. Nevertheless, a good recovery rate was observed in the Citrus species. From this study the traditional Citrus species of Assam were discovered to possess significant tolerance ability against abiotic stresses.
{"title":"Low pH and Water Stress Induced Morpho-Physiological Response in Some Traditional Citrus Species of Assam, India","authors":"Sabnoor Yeasrin Jyoti, Bhaben Tanti","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023604111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023604111","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p><i>Citrus</i> is considered to have originated in north-eastern India which is recognized for having a wide variety of <i>Citrus</i> plants. Assam (India) is also a rich biodiversity hotspot of different <i>Citrus</i> species. The geographic region of this state is favored by a very suitable climatic condition for the growth of different crop plants including <i>Citrus</i>. But, being a flood prone area, every year Assam faces a destruction of large scale of crop plants. The increasing problem of climate change also affects this region to a greater extent from the past few years. For this reason, some unpredictable environmental conditions are experienced by this area which has become a cause of unfavorable growth of plants. Since <i>Citrus</i> is a very significant fruit crop of Assam, therefore, study on the effect of abiotic stress on this species is necessary. The present investigation includes a study on the morpho-physiological response of five different <i>Citrus</i> species to three different abiotic stresses including submergence, drought and low pH. Growth parameters like leaf fresh weight and dry weight, root fresh weight and dry weight were measured which revealed decreasing value in the stress conditions followed by an increased rate in the recovery. Similarly, the stress conditions were found to affect the physiological parameters including total chlorophyll content, relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), relative electrolytic conductance (REC). Maximum quantum efficiency (<i>F</i><sub>v</sub>/<i>F</i><sub>m</sub>) of the <i>Citrus</i> plants under stress was found to be notably reduced which further increased in recovery. The key parameters mostly affected by stress were found in principal component analysis (PCA). Hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of leaves and roots were highly affected by low pH and drought stress, whereas maximum quantum efficiency (<i>F</i><sub>v</sub>/<i>F</i><sub>m</sub>), membrane stability index (MSI) and relative water content (RWC) were come out to be the principal factors affected by submergence stress. Nevertheless, a good recovery rate was observed in the <i>Citrus</i> species. From this study the traditional <i>Citrus</i> species of Assam were discovered to possess significant tolerance ability against abiotic stresses.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140313487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023605724
Christian DiBiase, Nathanial Stahl, Vaduod Niri, Poongodi Geetha-Loganathan
Abstract
This study investigates the differential browning mechanisms among various cultivars of apples. The biochemical mechanism responsible for browning activities in apples involves a group of enzymes known as polyphenol oxidases (PPO). These enzymes facilitate the reaction between polyphenolic substrates (PPS) and oxygen in the production of benzoquinones, a compound that auto-polymerizes to form melanin, the primary browning agent in apples. In this study, both the PPO and PPS were extracted from five distinct apple cultivars, namely Fuji, Red Delicious, Gold Rush, Ruby Frost, and Mutsu. To identify the types of PPO in each subspecies, the reactivity of the extracted enzyme from each cultivar was quantified in the presence of three known substrates, catechol, catechin, and chlorogenic acid using UV-vis absorption spectrophotometry. The reactivity of the PPO extract with each substrate was compared across the five apple cultivars to identify the specificity of PPO to type(s) of PPS present and to quantify the concentration of PPO present in each species. Browning activity directly affects the longevity of fruits and vegetables, which is a consistent problem in the agricultural industry. If the biochemical mechanism of browning activity is better understood, it could lead to improvements in future food production, storage, and transportation methods.
{"title":"Biochemical Analysis of Browning Activities in Apples","authors":"Christian DiBiase, Nathanial Stahl, Vaduod Niri, Poongodi Geetha-Loganathan","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023605724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023605724","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This study investigates the differential browning mechanisms among various cultivars of apples. The biochemical mechanism responsible for browning activities in apples involves a group of enzymes known as polyphenol oxidases (PPO). These enzymes facilitate the reaction between polyphenolic substrates (PPS) and oxygen in the production of benzoquinones, a compound that auto-polymerizes to form melanin, the primary browning agent in apples. In this study, both the PPO and PPS were extracted from five distinct apple cultivars, namely Fuji, Red Delicious, Gold Rush, Ruby Frost, and Mutsu. To identify the types of PPO in each subspecies, the reactivity of the extracted enzyme from each cultivar was quantified in the presence of three known substrates, catechol, catechin, and chlorogenic acid using UV-vis absorption spectrophotometry. The reactivity of the PPO extract with each substrate was compared across the five apple cultivars to identify the specificity of PPO to type(s) of PPS present and to quantify the concentration of PPO present in each species. Browning activity directly affects the longevity of fruits and vegetables, which is a consistent problem in the agricultural industry. If the biochemical mechanism of browning activity is better understood, it could lead to improvements in future food production, storage, and transportation methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"158 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140313736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wetlands are important habitats for bird populations and understanding the diversity and other ecological characteristics of bird species assists in managing the ecosystem. In this study, we looked at the bird diversity, abundance and habitat utilization of waterbirds in Khajuha wetland district Kushinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India. This field investigation was conducted using line transects and point counts. There were 2815 distinct birds in all, representing 45 species and 10 orders. We kept track of each species’ guild, conservation status, residential status, and species abundance. Order Anseriformes displayed the highest relative diversity index, and Order Podicipediformes displayed the lowest number. The outcome of GLM analysis exhibited largest bird count in low land vegetation during winter season. While, lowest bird count in upland vegetation during pre-winter season. Besides, maximum diversity indices were noticed in winter season. Furthermore, during the pre-winter and winter seasons, low land vegetation was the most commonly used habitat. Finally, emergent vegetation was significantly utilized in post-winter. We concluded that many waterbirds reside in this wetland, and present study provides background data on the paucity of conservation attention paid to them by interested parties. Long-term follow-up studies will be helpful in identifying species-specific conservation measures for birds that depend on wetlands.
{"title":"Elucidation of Diversity and Habitat Utilization of Waterbirds in Khajuha Wetland, Northern India","authors":"Himanshu Mishra, Farah Bano, Prateek, Anshu Mishra, Ashish Kumar, Vikas Kumar","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023605542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023605542","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Wetlands are important habitats for bird populations and understanding the diversity and other ecological characteristics of bird species assists in managing the ecosystem. In this study, we looked at the bird diversity, abundance and habitat utilization of waterbirds in Khajuha wetland district Kushinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India. This field investigation was conducted using line transects and point counts. There were 2815 distinct birds in all, representing 45 species and 10 orders. We kept track of each species’ guild, conservation status, residential status, and species abundance. Order Anseriformes displayed the highest relative diversity index, and Order Podicipediformes displayed the lowest number. The outcome of GLM analysis exhibited largest bird count in low land vegetation during winter season. While, lowest bird count in upland vegetation during pre-winter season. Besides, maximum diversity indices were noticed in winter season. Furthermore, during the pre-winter and winter seasons, low land vegetation was the most commonly used habitat. Finally, emergent vegetation was significantly utilized in post-winter. We concluded that many waterbirds reside in this wetland, and present study provides background data on the paucity of conservation attention paid to them by interested parties. Long-term follow-up studies will be helpful in identifying species-specific conservation measures for birds that depend on wetlands.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140313505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023605980
Asif Hamid Dar, Aadil Rashid Sheikh, Abdul Hamid Wani, Wasim Sajad Malik
Abstract
Ganoderma Karst., a rot causing and lignin degrading genus of wild mushrooms exhibits remarkable variability in the basidiome morphology often leading to inconclusive species identification by conventional taxonomic procedure. Present study by making use of integrated morpho-anatomical and molecular approach of identification, recorded G. leucocontextum as a new addition to the wild mushroom flora of India.
摘要卡氏蘑菇（Ganoderma Karst.）是一种引起腐烂和降解木质素的野生蘑菇属，其基生体形态具有显著的变异性，往往导致传统分类方法无法确定其物种。本研究利用综合形态解剖学和分子鉴定方法，将 G. leucocontextum 记录为印度野生蘑菇群中的新成员。
{"title":"Ganoderma leucocontextum, a New Addition to Indian Mycoflora from Kashmir Himalaya","authors":"Asif Hamid Dar, Aadil Rashid Sheikh, Abdul Hamid Wani, Wasim Sajad Malik","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023605980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023605980","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p><i>Ganoderma</i> Karst., a rot causing and lignin degrading genus of wild mushrooms exhibits remarkable variability in the basidiome morphology often leading to inconclusive species identification by conventional taxonomic procedure. Present study by making use of integrated morpho-anatomical and molecular approach of identification, recorded <i>G. leucocontextum</i> as a new addition to the wild mushroom flora of India.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140313403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flowering plants display unsurpassed diversity in the morphology of their reproductive structures, including the stamens. Stamens within a flower are usually akin in appearance, however some species possess two, or occasionally three, structurally distinct types that often differ in reproductive function. This peculiar morphological differentiation of stamens and anthers within a flower is referred to as heteranthery. It occurs in at least 20 families distributed among 12 orders including Commelinaceae, Fabaceae, Lythraceae, Melastomaceae, etc. Functional significance of this feature has also been elaborated in several species. Genus Crotalaria of family Fabaceae is a classical example displaying this mechanism. Present work carried out on two species of genus Crotalaria i.e., C. medicaginea and C. mysorensis, forming natural population at an altitude of 426–1015 m a.s.l. in subtropical regimes of Northwestern Himalayas is aimed to address relative functional significance of this dimorphism. The dimorphism of anthers that includes shape, size, dehiscence time as well as size of pollen is associated with staggered presentation of pollen in both the species. As expected, this aids in delayed selfing and assurance of seed set. However, while heteranthery plays extremely significant role in the reproductive success of C. mysorensis, extent of contribution is relatively much lower in C. medicaginea.
摘要花卉植物的生殖结构（包括雄蕊）在形态上呈现出无与伦比的多样性。一朵花中的雄蕊通常外形相似，但有些物种拥有两种，有时甚至是三种结构不同的雄蕊，它们的生殖功能也往往不同。花内雄蕊和花药的这种奇特形态分化被称为异花授粉。这种现象至少出现在 20 个科，分布在 12 个目，包括菊科（Commodinaceae）、豆科（Fabaceae）、杓兰科（Lythraceae）、木犀科（Melastomaceae）等。这一特征的功能意义也在多个物种中得到了阐述。豆科 Crotalaria 属是显示这种机制的典型例子。本研究对喜马拉雅山西北部亚热带地区海拔 426-1015 米的两个 Crotalaria 属物种（即 C. medicaginea 和 C. mysorensis）进行了研究，旨在探讨这种二态性的相对功能意义。花药的二态性包括形状、大小、开裂时间以及花粉的大小，在这两个物种中都与花粉的交错呈现有关。正如预期的那样，这有助于延迟自交和保证结籽。不过，虽然异花授粉对 C. mysorensis 的繁殖成功起着极其重要的作用，但对 C. medicaginea 的贡献程度相对要低得多。
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