The liver of mammals is a critical organ that houses numerous physiological processes, including macronutrient metabolism. Regarding nutrient metabolism, the liver shows a quick response to nutrient status fluctuation, such as feeding and fasting. Indeed, fasting is a powerful tool to uncover the molecular mechanism through which the expression of hepatic genes is regulated. The most widely applied approach to test gene expression at the RNA level is relative quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using stably expressed genes as an internal reference. In this study, we leveraged transcriptomic analysis to screen the hepatic genes whose expression levels were stable in response to fasting. Our data suggested that expression levels of several well-known reference genes such as beta-actin and Eef1a1 are dramatically altered upon fasting. Further assessment indicated that Itm2b is the most stably expressed hepatic gene showing no alteration to fasting. Compared to beta-actin and Eef1a1, similar results and conclusions as transcriptomic analysis were obtained using Itm2b as an internal reference in qPCR when we assessed the effect of fasting on the expression of genes involved in peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation, fatty acid synthesis, and gluconeogenesis.
{"title":"Reference Gene Selection for Expression Analysis of Hepatic Genes Responding to Fasting via Transcriptomic Analysis","authors":"Tianheng Zhao, Meng Tie, Mengyue Wu, Anyuan He, Yali Chen","doi":"10.1134/s1062359024607110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359024607110","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The liver of mammals is a critical organ that houses numerous physiological processes, including macronutrient metabolism. Regarding nutrient metabolism, the liver shows a quick response to nutrient status fluctuation, such as feeding and fasting. Indeed, fasting is a powerful tool to uncover the molecular mechanism through which the expression of hepatic genes is regulated. The most widely applied approach to test gene expression at the RNA level is relative quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using stably expressed genes as an internal reference. In this study, we leveraged transcriptomic analysis to screen the hepatic genes whose expression levels were stable in response to fasting. Our data suggested that expression levels of several well-known reference genes such as beta-actin and Eef1a1 are dramatically altered upon fasting. Further assessment indicated that Itm2b is the most stably expressed hepatic gene showing no alteration to fasting. Compared to beta-actin and Eef1a1, similar results and conclusions as transcriptomic analysis were obtained using Itm2b as an internal reference in qPCR when we assessed the effect of fasting on the expression of genes involved in peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation, fatty acid synthesis, and gluconeogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-13DOI: 10.1134/s1062359024606542
Thai T. Tran, Tho V. Le, Hieu H. Ha, Hoai. N. Pham, Hien T. Nguyen, To Uyen T. Nguyen, Quang X. Ngo, Luu T. Pham
Abstract
Epibenthic invertebrates in three estuaries of the Mekong River, namely Co Chien, Ba Lai, and Cua Dai, were sampled for ecological analysis in November 2022. The objectives of this research were to provide the first baseline survey of epibenthic communities in the Mekong estuaries and to describe more precisely the relationships between epibenthic characteristics and environmental parameters. In total, seven major taxa, including Bivalvia, Decapoda, Gastropoda, Isopoda, Molpadida, Stomatopoda, and Xiphosura were recorded in this estuarine system. The abundances of the epibenthic invertebrates range from 48 to 176 inds/1000 m2. Decapos always occupy the highest numbers with a percentage ranging from 86‒95%. There are 24 decapod species were recorded in this study with the following as dominant families Palaemonidae, Penaeidae, and Paguridae. Our findings highlight that the diversity of epibenthic communities, particularly for decapods, is notably high; however, the epibenthic density is considerably low. Epibenthic density and diversity were significantly correlated with salinity, TDS, depth, and pH but also other factors may play a role. The assessment of epibenthic assemblage diversity and its correlation with environmental factors holds significant importance in the formulation of conservation strategies.
{"title":"Biodiversity of Epibenthic Invertebrates in the Subtidal Mekong Estuaries, Southern Vietnam with Remarks on Decapod Assemblages","authors":"Thai T. Tran, Tho V. Le, Hieu H. Ha, Hoai. N. Pham, Hien T. Nguyen, To Uyen T. Nguyen, Quang X. Ngo, Luu T. Pham","doi":"10.1134/s1062359024606542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359024606542","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Epibenthic invertebrates in three estuaries of the Mekong River, namely Co Chien, Ba Lai, and Cua Dai, were sampled for ecological analysis in November 2022. The objectives of this research were to provide the first baseline survey of epibenthic communities in the Mekong estuaries and to describe more precisely the relationships between epibenthic characteristics and environmental parameters. In total, seven major taxa, including Bivalvia, Decapoda, Gastropoda, Isopoda, Molpadida, Stomatopoda, and Xiphosura were recorded in this estuarine system. The abundances of the epibenthic invertebrates range from 48 to 176 inds/1000 m<sup>2</sup>. Decapos always occupy the highest numbers with a percentage ranging from 86‒95%. There are 24 decapod species were recorded in this study with the following as dominant families Palaemonidae, Penaeidae, and Paguridae. Our findings highlight that the diversity of epibenthic communities, particularly for decapods, is notably high; however, the epibenthic density is considerably low. Epibenthic density and diversity were significantly correlated with salinity, TDS, depth, and pH but also other factors may play a role. The assessment of epibenthic assemblage diversity and its correlation with environmental factors holds significant importance in the formulation of conservation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni (Tams, 1926) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) is one of the most harmful species that causes destruction in pine ecosystems and also causes critical skin reactions in humans and animals due to its urticating hairs. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different strains [Bti ATCC 35646 (wild-type strain), Bti pHT315, and Bti pHTppk (mutant strain)] of Diptera-targeted Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) and toxins (spore/crystal mixtures) obtained from these strains against the 4th larval stage of T. wilkinsoni under laboratory conditions. T. wilkinsoni eggs were collected from pine trees at Ondokuz Mayıs University in Samsun, Turkey, in 2022. Pine needles were contaminated with bacterial strains of different concentrations (1 × 107, 1 × 108, 1 × 109 cfu/mL) in 5 mL and toxins in different concentrations (0.15, 0.3, 0.6, 1.25, 2.5, 5 mg/mL) in 2 mL. Larvae were placed in containers with 30 larvae in each group and were observed for 25 days. As a result of the study, Bti ATCC 35646 with 63.4% mortality and the lowest LC50 value of 1.2 × 109 cfu/mL among the three strains of Bti and Bti pHTppk with 76.7% mortality and the lowest LC50 value of 1.2 mL among the toxins from the Bti strains had found to be virulent for T. wilkinsoni. The results obtained from our study suggest that Diptera-targeted Bti is virulent to T. wilkinsoni and that this strain and spore/crystal mixture can be used in the biological control of this species.
{"title":"Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis Strains and Toxins on the Pine Processionary Moth Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae)","authors":"Elif-Fatma Topkara, Oğuzhan Yanar, Tuğrul Doruk, Yüksel Terzi","doi":"10.1134/s1062359024607250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359024607250","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The pine processionary moth <i>Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni</i> (Tams, 1926) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) is one of the most harmful species that causes destruction in pine ecosystems and also causes critical skin reactions in humans and animals due to its urticating hairs. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different strains [<i>Bti</i> ATCC 35646 (wild-type strain), <i>Bti</i> pHT315, and <i>Bti</i> pHT<i>ppk</i> (mutant strain)] of Diptera-targeted <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> subsp. <i>israelensis</i> (<i>Bti</i>) and toxins (spore/crystal mixtures) obtained from these strains against the 4th larval stage of <i>T. wilkinsoni</i> under laboratory conditions. <i>T. wilkinsoni</i> eggs were collected from pine trees at Ondokuz Mayıs University in Samsun, Turkey, in 2022. Pine needles were contaminated with bacterial strains of different concentrations (1 × 10<sup>7</sup>, 1 × 10<sup>8</sup>, 1 × 10<sup>9</sup> cfu/mL) in 5 mL and toxins in different concentrations (0.15, 0.3, 0.6, 1.25, 2.5, 5 mg/mL) in 2 mL. Larvae were placed in containers with 30 larvae in each group and were observed for 25 days. As a result of the study, <i>Bti</i> ATCC 35646 with 63.4% mortality and the lowest LC<sub>50</sub> value of 1.2 × 10<sup>9</sup> cfu/mL among the three strains of <i>Bti</i> and <i>Bti</i> pHT<i>ppk</i> with 76.7% mortality and the lowest LC<sub>50</sub> value of 1.2 mL among the toxins from the <i>Bti</i> strains had found to be virulent for <i>T. wilkinsoni</i>. The results obtained from our study suggest that Diptera-targeted <i>Bti</i> is virulent to <i>T. wilkinsoni</i> and that this strain and spore/crystal mixture can be used in the biological control of this species.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-13DOI: 10.1134/s1062359024606980
T. Ergül Kalaycı
Abstract
DNA barcoding is a popular approach that can aid in identifying species and has led to the discovery of many new amphibian species. In this study, we first performed DNA barcoding for two Hylidae family representatives (Hyla orientalis and Hyla savignyi) in the Anatolia region of Türkiye. Five species delineation tests (ABGD, GMYC, PTP, RESL, and statistical parsimony analysis) were applied, and four of them indicated that three mitochondrial lineages of Hylidae are present in Anatolia. Intraspecific genetic distances (K2P) ranged from 0.0014 to 0.0045, while the interspecific genetic distances ranged from 0.0753 to 0.1933. According to the tree topologies obtained from maximum likelihood (ML) within H. savignyi from Anatolia, two lineages can be differentiated, and further investigation is warranted as to whether these lineages represent distinct species.
摘要DNA 条形码是一种流行的方法，可帮助鉴定物种，并已发现了许多两栖动物新物种。在这项研究中，我们首次对土耳其安纳托利亚地区的两个水龙科代表物种（Hyla orientalis 和 Hyla savignyi）进行了 DNA 条形编码。我们应用了五种物种划分测试（ABGD、GMYC、PTP、RESL 和统计解析分析），其中四种测试结果表明安纳托利亚地区存在 Hylidae 的三个线粒体系。种内遗传距离（K2P）在 0.0014 至 0.0045 之间，种间遗传距离在 0.0753 至 0.1933 之间。根据最大似然法（ML）得到的树拓扑结构，在安纳托利亚的 H. savignyi 中可以区分出两个品系，这些品系是否代表不同的物种还需要进一步研究。
{"title":"DNA Barcoding of Tree Frogs: Testing the Existence of Two Mitochondrial Lineages of Hyla savignyi","authors":"T. Ergül Kalaycı","doi":"10.1134/s1062359024606980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359024606980","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>DNA barcoding is a popular approach that can aid in identifying species and has led to the discovery of many new amphibian species. In this study, we first performed DNA barcoding for two Hylidae family representatives (<i>Hyla orientalis</i> and <i>Hyla savignyi</i>) in the Anatolia region of Türkiye. Five species delineation tests (ABGD, GMYC, PTP, RESL, and statistical parsimony analysis) were applied, and four of them indicated that three mitochondrial lineages of Hylidae are present in Anatolia. Intraspecific genetic distances (K2P) ranged from 0.0014 to 0.0045, while the interspecific genetic distances ranged from 0.0753 to 0.1933. According to the tree topologies obtained from maximum likelihood (ML) within <i>H. savignyi</i> from Anatolia, two lineages can be differentiated, and further investigation is warranted as to whether these lineages represent distinct species.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-13DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023606419
Belgin Gocmen Taskin, Vatan Taskin, Kenan Akbaş
Abstract
The olive is an economically important and indispensable species of the Mediterranean basin with remarkable historic and cultural significance. Wild olives constitute a priceless reservoir of genetic diversity which has great value for olive breeding and conservation programs. However, global climate changes especially global warming is expected to threaten olive cultivation in future causing large economic loses in the region. Therefore, knowledge about distribution and abundance of wild olive populations is important to maximize their conservation, safeguard, and exploitation. Muğla province, where the wild olives make up an important part of the vegetation, is one of the main olive producing area in Turkey with many towns and villages dependent on the olive. In this study, our aim is to examine the current geographical distribution and density of wild olive populations in this province and the 82 islands around its coast. The results demonstrated that young olives, which show good adaptation to region, just have started to expand to the higher parts of the Kavaklıdere district. In addition, in most of the islands wild olives are preserved in their undisturbed natural habitats where they exist as small groves or scattered plants. The results of this study provides important insights for the conservation of wild olive genetic resources. The data reported here, are based on actual field data thus the geographic coverage tends to be complete and consistent.
{"title":"The Status and Distributions of the Wild Olive (Olea europaea subsp. europaea var. sylvestris) in Muğla Province and Its Islands under Global Climate Change","authors":"Belgin Gocmen Taskin, Vatan Taskin, Kenan Akbaş","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023606419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023606419","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The olive is an economically important and indispensable species of the Mediterranean basin with remarkable historic and cultural significance. Wild olives constitute a priceless reservoir of genetic diversity which has great value for olive breeding and conservation programs. However, global climate changes especially global warming is expected to threaten olive cultivation in future causing large economic loses in the region. Therefore, knowledge about distribution and abundance of wild olive populations is important to maximize their conservation, safeguard, and exploitation. Muğla province, where the wild olives make up an important part of the vegetation, is one of the main olive producing area in Turkey with many towns and villages dependent on the olive. In this study, our aim is to examine the current geographical distribution and density of wild olive populations in this province and the 82 islands around its coast. The results demonstrated that young olives, which show good adaptation to region, just have started to expand to the higher parts of the Kavaklıdere district. In addition, in most of the islands wild olives are preserved in their undisturbed natural habitats where they exist as small groves or scattered plants. The results of this study provides important insights for the conservation of wild olive genetic resources. The data reported here, are based on actual field data thus the geographic coverage tends to be complete and consistent.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-13DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023605827
A. Salur, A. Miroglu, G. K. Akyıldız
Abstract
Present research has shown that zoogeographic barriers can have a significant impact on biodiversity. Türkiye has numerous ecobiological barriers and there has been an increase in research on the impact of the Anatolian diagonal on biodiversity. The objective of this study is to examine the variations in wing morphology of Platycnemis dealbata (Selys and Hagen, 1850) in different populations separated by the Anatolian Diagonal. To achieve this objective, the intraspecies wing variation of three different P. dealbata populations collected from the provinces of Iğdır and Hatay in the east of the Anatolian diagonal and Mersin in the west were investigated using geometric morphometry method. The findings of this study support the idea that the Anatolian diagonal acts as a barrier for P. dealbata populations.
摘要目前的研究表明，动物地理屏障会对生物多样性产生重大影响。土耳其拥有众多生态生物屏障，有关安纳托利亚对角线对生物多样性影响的研究也在不断增加。本研究的目的是考察被安纳托利亚对角线分隔的不同种群中 Platycnemis dealbata（Selys 和 Hagen，1850 年）翅膀形态的变化。为实现这一目标，我们采用几何形态测量法研究了从安纳托利亚对角线以东的伊德勒省和哈塔伊省以及以西的梅尔辛省采集的三个不同的蝶翅种群的种内翅变异。这项研究的结果支持了安纳托利亚对角线是 P. dealbata 种群屏障的观点。
{"title":"The Impact of the Anatolian Diagonal on Biodiversity in Turkey: A Geometric Morphometric Study on the Wing Morphology of Platycnemis dealbata (Insecta: Odonata)","authors":"A. Salur, A. Miroglu, G. K. Akyıldız","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023605827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023605827","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Present research has shown that zoogeographic barriers can have a significant impact on biodiversity. Türkiye has numerous ecobiological barriers and there has been an increase in research on the impact of the Anatolian diagonal on biodiversity. The objective of this study is to examine the variations in wing morphology of <i>Platycnemis dealbata</i> (Selys and Hagen, 1850) in different populations separated by the Anatolian Diagonal. To achieve this objective, the intraspecies wing variation of three different <i>P. dealbata</i> populations collected from the provinces of Iğdır and Hatay in the east of the Anatolian diagonal and Mersin in the west were investigated using geometric morphometry method. The findings of this study support the idea that the Anatolian diagonal acts as a barrier for <i>P. dealbata</i> populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-13DOI: 10.1134/s1062359024600272
Hatice Özkan, Ufuk Bülbül
Abstract
In this study, some life history characteristics (27 adult and 7 subadult specimens) of a highland population (Sütçüler) of the Lacerta pamphylica species in Isparta province of Türkiye were investigated by applying the skeletochronology method. The mean age and SVL values were 5.67 ± 0.50 years and 106.28 ± 2.25 mm in adult males and 5.33 ± 0.46 years and 102.65 ± 2.65 mm in adult females in the population. The age range varies between 3–10 years in males and 3–8 years in females. The age of subadult males and subadult females was 2 years. The presented study provides information on the age of the species Lacerta pamphylica for the first time.
{"title":"Age and Body Size of the Pamphylian Green Lizard, Lacerta pamphylica (Schmidtler, 1975)","authors":"Hatice Özkan, Ufuk Bülbül","doi":"10.1134/s1062359024600272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359024600272","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In this study, some life history characteristics (27 adult and 7 subadult specimens) of a highland population (Sütçüler) of the <i>Lacerta pamphylica</i> species in Isparta province of Türkiye were investigated by applying the skeletochronology method. The mean age and SVL values were 5.67 ± 0.50 years and 106.28 ± 2.25 mm in adult males and 5.33 ± 0.46 years and 102.65 ± 2.65 mm in adult females in the population. The age range varies between 3–10 years in males and 3–8 years in females. The age of subadult males and subadult females was 2 years. The presented study provides information on the age of the species <i>Lacerta pamphylica</i> for the first time.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-31DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023606717
B. Kaptaner, A. Doğan, C. Yılmaz, H. Aykut, E. Doğan, C. Fidan Babat, F. Dönmez
Abstract
Bisphenol F (BPF) is a bisphenol A derivative that is widely used in the manufacturing of industrial and consumer products. The presented study was conducted to explore the adverse effects of BPF on the adrenal glands of rats. Toward this aim, twenty-eight male albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, each containing seven individuals. The animals were administered a vehicle (control) or BPF at 3 different doses comprising 20, 100, and 500 mg/kg of body weight (bw) via oral gavage for 28 days. Next, the effects of BPF on the gland were evaluated in terms of histopathological alterations, serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol levels, and the contents of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex showed prominent histopathological lesions such as vacuolar degeneration and necrotic degeneration in the experimental groups. BPF caused noticeable elevations in the serum ACTH and cortisol levels. Moreover, decreases in levels of GSH and increments in the contents of MDA were determined, indicating oxidative stress. In conclusion, BPF showed toxic effects on the adrenal gland that may result in disruptions in its vital functions in the body. The results herein suggest that attention should be paid to the utilization of BPF in manufacturing processes due to its harmful effects and risks to the health of organisms.
{"title":"Histopathological and Biochemical Alterations in the Adrenal Gland of Male Rats Exposed to Bisphenol F","authors":"B. Kaptaner, A. Doğan, C. Yılmaz, H. Aykut, E. Doğan, C. Fidan Babat, F. Dönmez","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023606717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023606717","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Bisphenol F (BPF) is a bisphenol A derivative that is widely used in the manufacturing of industrial and consumer products. The presented study was conducted to explore the adverse effects of BPF on the adrenal glands of rats. Toward this aim, twenty-eight male albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, each containing seven individuals. The animals were administered a vehicle (control) or BPF at 3 different doses comprising 20, 100, and 500 mg/kg of body weight (bw) via oral gavage for 28 days. Next, the effects of BPF on the gland were evaluated in terms of histopathological alterations, serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol levels, and the contents of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex showed prominent histopathological lesions such as vacuolar degeneration and necrotic degeneration in the experimental groups. BPF caused noticeable elevations in the serum ACTH and cortisol levels. Moreover, decreases in levels of GSH and increments in the contents of MDA were determined, indicating oxidative stress. In conclusion, BPF showed toxic effects on the adrenal gland that may result in disruptions in its vital functions in the body. The results herein suggest that attention should be paid to the utilization of BPF in manufacturing processes due to its harmful effects and risks to the health of organisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141255367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-31DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023603634
Funda Ulusu, Yakup Ulusu
Abstract
In this research, we employed a microwave-assisted green synthesis method utilizing extracts from Cistus salviifolius L. and Ferula communis L. to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Subsequently, we characterized the biosynthesized AgNPs, both Cs-AgNPs (derived from C. salviifolius) and Fc-AgNPs (derived from F. communis), through UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and TEM analyses. The AgNPs exhibited a spherical shape with sizes averaging below 11 nm. To assess their antioxidant activity, we employed the DPPH method. Furthermore, we examined the antimicrobial potential of Cs-AgNPs and Fc-AgNPs against pathogenic bacterial strains, including Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Escherichia coli, using the disc diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration. Additionally, we evaluated the cytotoxic effects of Cs-AgNPs and Fc-AgNPs on various cell lines, namely breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), colon carcinoma (HT-29), human keratinocytes (HaCaT), and embryonic kidney (HEK-293), employing the Alamar Blue assay. Our findings indicate that the biosynthesized Cs-AgNPs and Fc-AgNPs possess antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activities. Therefore, the current study suggests that Cs-AgNPs and Fc-AgNPs exhibit potential for treating cancer and diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms.
{"title":"Biosynthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Mediated by Cistus salviifolius L. and Ferula communis L. Extracts and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Cytotoxic Potentials","authors":"Funda Ulusu, Yakup Ulusu","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023603634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023603634","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In this research, we employed a microwave-assisted green synthesis method utilizing extracts from <i>Cistus salviifolius</i> L. and <i>Ferula communis</i> L. to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Subsequently, we characterized the biosynthesized AgNPs, both <i>Cs</i>-AgNPs (derived from <i>C. salviifolius</i>) and <i>Fc</i>-AgNPs (derived from <i>F. communis</i>), through UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and TEM analyses. The AgNPs exhibited a spherical shape with sizes averaging below 11 nm. To assess their antioxidant activity, we employed the DPPH method. Furthermore, we examined the antimicrobial potential of <i>Cs</i>-AgNPs and <i>Fc</i>-AgNPs against pathogenic bacterial strains, including <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, and <i>Escherichia coli</i>, using the disc diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration. Additionally, we evaluated the cytotoxic effects of <i>Cs</i>-AgNPs and <i>Fc</i>-AgNPs on various cell lines, namely breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), colon carcinoma (HT-29), human keratinocytes (HaCaT), and embryonic kidney (HEK-293), employing the Alamar Blue assay. Our findings indicate that the biosynthesized <i>Cs-</i>AgNPs and <i>Fc</i>-AgNPs possess antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activities. Therefore, the current study suggests that <i>Cs</i>-AgNPs and <i>Fc-</i>AgNPs exhibit potential for treating cancer and diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141195809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-31DOI: 10.1134/s1062359022601173
Nilufer Coşkun, Nurhayat Barlas
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder whose etiology is not well understood and affecting 9–18% of women in reproductive age. We investigated the protective effects of phloretin against the PCOS, induced Bisphenol A (BPA) on prepubertal rat ovaries. This study started on female rats on the postnatal 28th day via subcutaneous injection by dissolving the compounds in corn oil at 30 min intervals, starting with phloretin, and followed by BPA. The dose of BPA was 50 mg/kg/day, and the doses of phloretin were 0.5, 5, and 50 mg/kg/day. Treatments were administered every day for 15 days. Likewise corn oil, BPA and testosterone propionate were given by the same way. BPA exposed groups, it has been observed that there are many cystic follicles in the ovary and their morphology has changed. Similarly, prolonged diestrus phases was observed in the smear cycle. The CYP11A1 and CYP17A enzymes stained intensively on the BPA group whereas these enzymes were stained weakly in the BPA + 5 and 50 mg/kg phloretin groups. In PCOS, induced by BPA, the cystic follicles were recorded on the ovaries whereas it was decreased in the BPA + phloretin groups. Prepubertal exposure to BPA was associated with decreased serum luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, increased estrogen (ERRα) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels in testosterone propiyonat and BPA + phloretin (0.5 mg/kg/day) groups. In conclusion, in rat model, phloretin has positive effects against BPA induced polycystic ovarian syndrome, also it caused positive effects on ovarian tissue and hormone secretion.
摘要多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）是一种内分泌失调症，其病因尚不十分清楚，影响9-18%的育龄妇女。我们研究了多囊卵巢综合征诱导的双酚 A（BPA）对青春期前大鼠卵巢的保护作用。这项研究从雌性大鼠出生后第 28 天开始，通过皮下注射的方式，将化合物溶解在玉米油中，每隔 30 分钟注射一次。双酚 A 的剂量为 50 毫克/千克/天，紫檀素的剂量分别为 0.5、5 和 50 毫克/千克/天。每天给药，连续 15 天。同样，玉米油、双酚 A 和丙酸睾酮也以同样的方式给药。在暴露于双酚 A 的组别中，观察到卵巢中有许多囊性卵泡，其形态也发生了变化。同样，在涂片周期中也观察到发情期延长。在双酚 A 组中，CYP11A1 和 CYP17A 酶的染色较强，而在双酚 A + 5 和 50 毫克/千克磷脂组中，这些酶的染色较弱。在双酚 A 诱导的多囊卵巢综合征中，卵巢上出现了囊性卵泡，而在双酚 A + 植物提取物组中囊性卵泡减少。青春期前暴露于双酚 A 与血清黄体生成素（LH）和促卵泡激素（FSH）水平下降有关，睾酮丙酮纳组和双酚 A + 植物提取物（0.5 毫克/千克/天）组的雌激素（ERRα）和双氢睾酮（DHT）水平升高。总之，在大鼠模型中，保列汀对双酚 A 诱导的多囊卵巢综合征有积极作用，对卵巢组织和激素分泌也有积极影响。
{"title":"Phloretin Ameliorates against Bisphenol A Induced Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, an Endocrine Disrupting Chemical, in Prepubertal Rats","authors":"Nilufer Coşkun, Nurhayat Barlas","doi":"10.1134/s1062359022601173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359022601173","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder whose etiology is not well understood and affecting 9–18% of women in reproductive age. We investigated the protective effects of phloretin against the PCOS, induced Bisphenol A (BPA) on prepubertal rat ovaries. This study started on female rats on the postnatal 28th day via subcutaneous injection by dissolving the compounds in corn oil at 30 min intervals, starting with phloretin, and followed by BPA. The dose of BPA was 50 mg/kg/day, and the doses of phloretin were 0.5, 5, and 50 mg/kg/day. Treatments were administered every day for 15 days. Likewise corn oil, BPA and testosterone propionate were given by the same way. BPA exposed groups, it has been observed that there are many cystic follicles in the ovary and their morphology has changed. Similarly, prolonged diestrus phases was observed in the smear cycle. The CYP11A1 and CYP17A enzymes stained intensively on the BPA group whereas these enzymes were stained weakly in the BPA + 5 and 50 mg/kg phloretin groups. In PCOS, induced by BPA, the cystic follicles were recorded on the ovaries whereas it was decreased in the BPA + phloretin groups. Prepubertal exposure to BPA was associated with decreased serum luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, increased estrogen (ERRα) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels in testosterone propiyonat and BPA + phloretin (0.5 mg/kg/day) groups. In conclusion, in rat model, phloretin has positive effects against BPA induced polycystic ovarian syndrome, also it caused positive effects on ovarian tissue and hormone secretion.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141195729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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