Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023604640
Li Huang, Duanheng Wang, Ailing Zhou, Mingming Qian, Chong Zhou
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to explore the effect and underlying mechanism of aging in female ovarian function in mice. The mice at the age of 10 months and 7 weeks were used as the aged model and the young control. The estrus cycle and serum peripheral blood and the number of follicles, oocytes and litter size were also calculated for analysis of ovarian function. Ovarian cells were collected for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Annexin V staining. Antioxidant and apoptotic proteins BAX and Caspase-3 and phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in ovaries were also detected. The results showed that compared to the young control, the aged mice exhibited ovarian dysfunction with disrupted estrus cycle and hormone production, accompanied by decreases in the numbers of follicles, oocytes and litter size. The oxidative damage in aged ovarian tissues was induced with increased Malondialdehyde content and reduced activities of Catalase and Superoxide Dismutase enzymes, as well as high level of ROS accumulation and apoptosis in ovarian cells. Furthermore, the expression levels of BAX, Caspase-3 and PI3K, Akt, mTOR and their phosphorylated forms were obviously regulated in the aged ovaries. Thus, these results above suggest oxidative damage with high level of ROS is obviously induced in ovarian tissues of aged mice, and this accumulation mediates apoptosis of ovarian cells, involving with improved expression of apoptotic protein BAX and Caspase-3, ultimately leads to ovarian dysfunction through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
{"title":"Regulation of Ovary Function in Aged Mice by Reactive Oygen Species through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway","authors":"Li Huang, Duanheng Wang, Ailing Zhou, Mingming Qian, Chong Zhou","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023604640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023604640","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In this study, we aimed to explore the effect and underlying mechanism of aging in female ovarian function in mice. The mice at the age of 10 months and 7 weeks were used as the aged model and the young control. The estrus cycle and serum peripheral blood and the number of follicles, oocytes and litter size were also calculated for analysis of ovarian function. Ovarian cells were collected for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Annexin V staining. Antioxidant and apoptotic proteins BAX and Caspase-3 and phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in ovaries were also detected. The results showed that compared to the young control, the aged mice exhibited ovarian dysfunction with disrupted estrus cycle and hormone production, accompanied by decreases in the numbers of follicles, oocytes and litter size. The oxidative damage in aged ovarian tissues was induced with increased Malondialdehyde content and reduced activities of Catalase and Superoxide Dismutase enzymes, as well as high level of ROS accumulation and apoptosis in ovarian cells. Furthermore, the expression levels of BAX, Caspase-3 and PI3K, Akt, mTOR and their phosphorylated forms were obviously regulated in the aged ovaries. Thus, these results above suggest oxidative damage with high level of ROS is obviously induced in ovarian tissues of aged mice, and this accumulation mediates apoptosis of ovarian cells, involving with improved expression of apoptotic protein BAX and Caspase-3, ultimately leads to ovarian dysfunction through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"187 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140313653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023605694
Raha Tabrizi Dooz, Davood Naderi, Sepideh Kalatehjari, Hossein Ali Asadi Gharneh, Marzieh Ghanbari Jahromi
Abstract
High soil salinity, a result of salt stress, poses a significant obstacle to crop cultivation, particularly for ornamental plants like narcissus. Plant growth regulators, such as methyl jasmonate (MeJA), have the potential to mitigate the impact of stressful conditions. This study involved different MeJA concentrations (0, 50, 100, and 200 µM) and varying levels of salt stress (4 and 8 dS m–1), along with a control level, in a pot experiment conducted using a complete randomized block design with three replicates at the Research Greenhouse, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch. The research revealed that salt stress led to a substantial increase in leaf proline and flavonoid levels, as well as electrolyte leakage (EL), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymatic activities. These increases were more pronounced when MeJA was applied concurrently with a decrease in EL, H2O2, and MDA. Conversely, salt stress was observed to reduce chlorophyll and carotenoid levels, relative water content (RWC), flower fresh weight, flower longevity on the plant, and flowering duration. This underscores MeJA’s potential as a growth regulator that safeguards narcissus against salinity toxicity. The findings indicate that 100 µM MeJA activates an effective mechanism to mitigate the adverse effects of salinity.
摘要 高土壤盐度是盐胁迫的结果，对作物栽培，尤其是水仙等观赏植物的栽培构成了重大障碍。植物生长调节剂，如茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA），具有减轻胁迫条件影响的潜力。这项研究在伊斯法罕（霍拉斯甘）伊斯兰阿扎德大学分校研究温室进行了一项盆栽实验，采用完全随机区组设计，三次重复，实验涉及不同浓度的 MeJA（0、50、100 和 200 µM）和不同程度的盐胁迫（4 和 8 dS m-1）以及对照水平。研究发现，盐胁迫导致叶片脯氨酸和类黄酮水平以及电解质渗漏（EL）、过氧化氢（H2O2）、丙二醛（MDA）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）酶活性大幅增加。在施用 MeJA 的同时，EL、H2O2 和 MDA 的含量降低，这些增加更为明显。相反，观察到盐胁迫降低了叶绿素和类胡萝卜素水平、相对含水量（RWC）、花鲜重、花在植株上的寿命以及花期。这凸显了 MeJA 作为一种生长调节剂的潜力，它能保护水仙免受盐度毒性的影响。研究结果表明，100 µM MeJA 能激活一种有效机制，减轻盐度的不利影响。
{"title":"Methyl Jasmonate’s Role in Alleviating Salt Stress-Induced Challenges in Narcissus Growth","authors":"Raha Tabrizi Dooz, Davood Naderi, Sepideh Kalatehjari, Hossein Ali Asadi Gharneh, Marzieh Ghanbari Jahromi","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023605694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023605694","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>High soil salinity, a result of salt stress, poses a significant obstacle to crop cultivation, particularly for ornamental plants like narcissus. Plant growth regulators, such as methyl jasmonate (MeJA), have the potential to mitigate the impact of stressful conditions. This study involved different MeJA concentrations (0, 50, 100, and 200 µM) and varying levels of salt stress (4 and 8 dS m<sup>–1</sup>), along with a control level, in a pot experiment conducted using a complete randomized block design with three replicates at the Research Greenhouse, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch. The research revealed that salt stress led to a substantial increase in leaf proline and flavonoid levels, as well as electrolyte leakage (EL), hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymatic activities. These increases were more pronounced when MeJA was applied concurrently with a decrease in EL, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, and MDA. Conversely, salt stress was observed to reduce chlorophyll and carotenoid levels, relative water content (RWC), flower fresh weight, flower longevity on the plant, and flowering duration. This underscores MeJA’s potential as a growth regulator that safeguards narcissus against salinity toxicity. The findings indicate that 100 µM MeJA activates an effective mechanism to mitigate the adverse effects of salinity.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140313646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023605554
Abstract
Aquatic flora of Dagestan, the diverse region connecting the Caucasian and Aralo-Caspian floristic provinces, received little research effort. Therefore, we conducted two expeditions across aquatic and wetland habitats of Dagestan in June and September 2021 and analyzed public records of aquatic plants from the GBIF database. We report new data on distribution of 35 aquatic vascular plants taxa in Dagestan. A hybrid between Ranunculus peltatus and R. trichophyllus was firstly reported in Russia, although no occurrences of R. peltatus are known in the country. Najas major and hybrid Potamogeton × salicifolius (P. lucens × P. perfoliatus) are new to the Caucasus, and five more species are new to Dagestan (Myriophyllum sibiricum, Najas graminea, Potamogeton pusillus, Typha domingensis, Utricularia minor).
{"title":"New Data on Aquatic Flora of Dagestan","authors":"","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023605554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023605554","url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3>Abstract</h3> <p>Aquatic flora of Dagestan, the diverse region connecting the Caucasian and Aralo-Caspian floristic provinces, received little research effort. Therefore, we conducted two expeditions across aquatic and wetland habitats of Dagestan in June and September 2021 and analyzed public records of aquatic plants from the GBIF database. We report new data on distribution of 35 aquatic vascular plants taxa in Dagestan. A hybrid between <em>Ranunculus peltatus</em> and <em>R. trichophyllus</em> was firstly reported in Russia, although no occurrences of <em>R. peltatus</em> are known in the country. <em>Najas major</em> and hybrid <em>Potamogeton</em> × <em>salicifolius</em> (<em>P. lucens</em> × <em>P. perfoliatus</em>) are new to the Caucasus, and five more species are new to Dagestan (<em>Myriophyllum sibiricum</em>, <em>Najas graminea</em>, <em>Potamogeton pusillus</em>, <em>Typha domingensis</em>, <em>Utricularia minor</em>).</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140313667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plumology is being used in a variety of avian research fields such as from ecology and evolution to prey-predator relationship. However, very few systematic studies have been conducted in India using plumology. The paper compares macro- and micro-structural feathers’ features from four species of family Columbidae viz. the Spotted dove (Spilopelia chinensis), Grey-fronted green pigeon (Treron affinis), Eurasian collared dove (Streptopelia decaocto) and Common pigeon (Columba livia) from different Indian localities. A morphometric analysis of the downy and contour feathers’ structures of the listed species was carried out. Since the feathers were taken from significantly damaged carcasses, it was necessary to determine the pterylae of the flying feathers to which the latter belong. Morphometric features of feathers viz. calamus, rachis, vane and mounted barb length were measured. An atypical for Columbidae feature presence of villi has been observed but only for T. affinis species. The presence of typical pigmented quadrilobed nodes was noted in all Columbidae species. Pigmented and non-pigmented plain pronged nodes and plain swollen nodes were observed. The presence of three different nodes on barbules and nodes’ pigmentation may be considered as key taxonomic characteristics for studied Columbidae species. The feather comparison method made it possible to identify pterylae of studied feathers.
摘要-羽毛学被广泛应用于各种鸟类研究领域，如生态学、进化论、猎物与捕食者的关系等。然而，在印度很少有人利用羽毛学进行系统研究。本文比较了来自印度不同地区的四种哥伦布科羽毛的宏观和微观结构特征，即斑鸠（Spilopelia chinensis）、灰额绿鸽（Teron affinis）、欧亚领鸽（Streptopelia decaocto）和普通鸽（Columba livia）。对所列物种的绒羽和轮廓羽结构进行了形态计量分析。由于这些羽毛取自严重受损的鸽子尸体，因此有必要确定后者所属的飞羽翼尖。测量了羽毛的形态特征，即菖蒲、羽轴、羽片和安装的倒刺长度。绒毛的存在是哥伦布羽科的一个非典型特征，但仅出现在 T. affinis 种类中。所有哥伦布科物种都有典型的色素四棱形节。还观察到有色素和无色素的普通棱形结节和普通肿胀结节。钩刺上存在三种不同的节和节上的色素可被视为所研究的哥伦布科物种的关键分类特征。通过羽毛比较法，可以对所研究羽毛的翼片进行鉴定。
{"title":"Macro- and Microstructural Features from the Feathers of Four Columbidae Species","authors":"Swapna Devi Ray, Olga Silaeva, Goldin Quadros, Prateek Dey, Padmanabhan Pramod, Ram Pratap Singh","doi":"10.1134/s106235902360650x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s106235902360650x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">\u0000<b>Abstract</b>—</h3><p>Plumology is being used in a variety of avian research fields such as from ecology and evolution to prey-predator relationship. However, very few systematic studies have been conducted in India using plumology. The paper compares macro- and micro-structural feathers’ features from four species of family Columbidae viz. the Spotted dove (<i>Spilopelia chinensis</i>), Grey-fronted green pigeon (<i>Treron affinis</i>), Eurasian collared dove (<i>Streptopelia decaocto</i>) and Common pigeon (<i>Columba livia</i>) from different Indian localities. A morphometric analysis of the downy and contour feathers’ structures of the listed species was carried out. Since the feathers were taken from significantly damaged carcasses, it was necessary to determine the pterylae of the flying feathers to which the latter belong. Morphometric features of feathers viz. calamus, rachis, vane and mounted barb length were measured. An atypical for Columbidae feature presence of villi has been observed but only for <i>T. affinis</i> species<i>.</i> The presence of typical pigmented quadrilobed nodes was noted in all Columbidae species. Pigmented and non-pigmented plain pronged nodes and plain swollen nodes were observed. The presence of three different nodes on barbules and nodes’ pigmentation may be considered as key taxonomic characteristics for studied Columbidae species. The feather comparison method made it possible to identify pterylae of studied feathers.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140313728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.1134/s106235902360472x
Abstract
Pinellia ternata, as one of the traditional Chinese medicines, has a significant effect on eliminating dampness, stopping vomiting and calm the adverse-rising energy. There are few researches on the structural characteristics of the chloroplast genome of P. ternata, which is not conducive to its further development. Therefore, we studied the chloroplast genome sequence of P. ternata to provide scientific basis for the development of P. ternata and phylogenetic analysis of Araceae. We fabricate the complete chloroplast genomes of P. ternata using Illumina (HiSeq X) sequencing technology. The chloroplast genome of P. ternata has the same gene order and organization as the chloroplast genomes of other Araceae. The P. ternata complete chloroplast genomes is 163 711 bp in length, exhibits a conserved quadripartite structure with a large single-copy (LSC; 92 562 bp) region, and a small single-copy (SSC; 23 805 bp) region interspersed between inverted repeat (IRa/IRb; 25 474 bp) region. A total of 128 unique genes were annotated, including 83 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA, and 8 rRNA. 143 SSR loci were retrieved from the genome, with mononucleotide is the most frequently distributed type, and hexanucleotides are the rarest type. In addition, 50 long repeats sequences were found in tandem repeats. We made phylogenetic trees from 18 Araceae species and 2 Caldesia species using ML method. This study provides a valuable reference for the systematic location and chloroplast genome information of Pinellia ternata in Araceae.
{"title":"Chloroplast Genome Sequence and Phylogenetic Analysis of Medicinal Plant Pinellia ternata","authors":"","doi":"10.1134/s106235902360472x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s106235902360472x","url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3>Abstract</h3> <p><em>Pinellia ternata,</em> as one of the traditional Chinese medicines, has a significant effect on eliminating dampness, stopping vomiting and calm the adverse-rising energy. There are few researches on the structural characteristics of the chloroplast genome of <em>P. ternata</em>, which is not conducive to its further development. Therefore, we studied the chloroplast genome sequence of <em>P. ternata</em> to provide scientific basis for the development of <em>P. ternata</em> and phylogenetic analysis of Araceae. We fabricate the complete chloroplast genomes of <em>P. ternata</em> using Illumina (HiSeq X) sequencing technology. The chloroplast genome of <em>P. ternata</em> has the same gene order and organization as the chloroplast genomes of other Araceae. The <em>P. ternata</em> complete chloroplast genomes is 163 711 bp in length, exhibits a conserved quadripartite structure with a large single-copy (LSC; 92 562 bp) region, and a small single-copy (SSC; 23 805 bp) region interspersed between inverted repeat (IRa/IRb; 25 474 bp) region. A total of 128 unique genes were annotated, including 83 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA, and 8 rRNA. 143 SSR loci were retrieved from the genome, with mononucleotide is the most frequently distributed type, and hexanucleotides are the rarest type. In addition, 50 long repeats sequences were found in tandem repeats. We made phylogenetic trees from 18 Araceae species and 2 <em>Caldesia</em> species using ML method. This study provides a valuable reference for the systematic location and chloroplast genome information of <em>Pinellia ternata</em> in Araceae.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139771390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Swimming exercise is reported to have protective effects on kidney function. Previous studies have indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are important for normal development, physiology, and pathophysiology of the kidney. Previous publications reported that swimming could modify miRNA expression profiles in the heart and brain. We studied the differential expression of miRNA in the kidneys of rats following sustained swimming exercise twice a day for 6 consecutive weeks. Small RNA libraries were made from the kidneys of sedentary control (SC) and sustained swimming exercised (SE) animals to identify the expression of miRNAs using high-throughput (deep) sequencing technology. We identified 521 and 516 known miRNAs and revealed 328 and 312 novel miRNA candidates with a total of 849 and 828 miRNAs in the kidneys of rats from the SC and SE libraries, respectively. Seventeen miRNAs were differentially expressed, of which 10 miRNAs were increased and 7 miRNAs were decreased in response to swimming exercise. The results showed that sustained swimming exercise could modulate renal miRNAs in rats. These differentially modified miRNA-s were investigated employing Gene Ontology (GO) terminologies and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. The results implied that these swimming-responsive miRNAs may interact with many types of target genes to regulate renal functions. Analysis of KEGG pathways found that the significantly enriched target genes of the modified miRNAs were involved in the thyroid signaling (ko04919) and Hippo signaling pathways (ko04390). Our study data suggest that sustained swimming exercise could induce deferential expression of renal miRNAs, which might modulate an adaptive response of the kidney.
{"title":"Differential Expression of MicroRNAs in the Kidneys of Rats Following Sustained Swimming Exercise","authors":"Junling Li, Fengyuan Sun, Rongguang Hu, Xianwei Zhou, Anmin Zhang","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023603063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023603063","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Swimming exercise is reported to have protective effects on kidney function. Previous studies have indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are important for normal development, physiology, and pathophysiology of the kidney. Previous publications reported that swimming could modify miRNA expression profiles in the heart and brain. We studied the differential expression of miRNA in the kidneys of rats following sustained swimming exercise twice a day for 6 consecutive weeks. Small RNA libraries were made from the kidneys of sedentary control (SC) and sustained swimming exercised (SE) animals to identify the expression of miRNAs using high-throughput (deep) sequencing technology. We identified 521 and 516 known miRNAs and revealed 328 and 312 novel miRNA candidates with a total of 849 and 828 miRNAs in the kidneys of rats from the SC and SE libraries, respectively. Seventeen miRNAs were differentially expressed, of which 10 miRNAs were increased and 7 miRNAs were decreased in response to swimming exercise. The results showed that sustained swimming exercise could modulate renal miRNAs in rats. These differentially modified miRNA-s were investigated employing Gene Ontology (GO) terminologies and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. The results implied that these swimming-responsive miRNAs may interact with many types of target genes to regulate renal functions. Analysis of KEGG pathways found that the significantly enriched target genes of the modified miRNAs were involved in the thyroid signaling (ko04919) and Hippo signaling pathways (ko04390). Our study data suggest that sustained swimming exercise could induce deferential expression of renal miRNAs, which might modulate an adaptive response of the kidney.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139771401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mitochondria are essential components of bioenergetic and biosynthetic pathways and are capable of making quick adjustments to accommodate the cell’s changing metabolic requirements. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that conduct a variety of functions, including adenosine triphosphate synthesis, calcium homeostasis management, apoptosis, and population maintenance via fission and fusion. Mitochondrial malfunction manifested as oxidative stress and mutations can contribute to the aetiology of a variety of catastrophic disorders, including neurological disease, neuromuscular disease, ischemia-reperfusion damage, cancer, and the ageing process. This mitochondrial dysfunction prompted a thorough search for novel strategies that utilize critical facets of mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, mitophagy, redox metabolism, and the unfolded protein response to restore mitochondrial function. In the literature, from cardiovascular to neurodegenerative illnesses, targeting mitochondria as a therapeutic intervention to avoid cellular damage or cell death has been mentioned more frequently. For mitochondrial delivery currently, both passive and active targeting has been used. But due to the physical characteristics of mitochondria, passive targeting is challenging. In this review, we explore approaches and techniques for directing drugs and genetic materials to the mitochondria for mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of various disorders associated with mitochondria.
{"title":"An Insight into the Approach Taken to Appurtenances Disorders Linked to Mitochondria","authors":"El Bethel Lalthavel Hmar, Sujata Paul, Rofiqul Islam, Hemanta Kumar Sharma","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023604962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023604962","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Mitochondria are essential components of bioenergetic and biosynthetic pathways and are capable of making quick adjustments to accommodate the cell’s changing metabolic requirements. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that conduct a variety of functions, including adenosine triphosphate synthesis, calcium homeostasis management, apoptosis, and population maintenance via fission and fusion. Mitochondrial malfunction manifested as oxidative stress and mutations can contribute to the aetiology of a variety of catastrophic disorders, including neurological disease, neuromuscular disease, ischemia-reperfusion damage, cancer, and the ageing process. This mitochondrial dysfunction prompted a thorough search for novel strategies that utilize critical facets of mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, mitophagy, redox metabolism, and the unfolded protein response to restore mitochondrial function. In the literature, from cardiovascular to neurodegenerative illnesses, targeting mitochondria as a therapeutic intervention to avoid cellular damage or cell death has been mentioned more frequently. For mitochondrial delivery currently, both passive and active targeting has been used. But due to the physical characteristics of mitochondria, passive targeting is challenging. In this review, we explore approaches and techniques for directing drugs and genetic materials to the mitochondria for mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of various disorders associated with mitochondria.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139766836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.1134/s1062359023605347
M. Meço, E. Dosti Hyska, E. Ibrahimi
Abstract
Hypericum haplophylloides Halácsy & Bald is an endemic St. John’s wort of Albania described by Halácsy in 1892, with locus classicus in Llogara, Vlora district. According to Meyer, the distribution of this species is wider in Albania, and it’s represented by two subspecies: H. haplophylloides subps. haplophylloides and H. haplophylloides subsp. devollense, which are phyto-geographically divided and grow in different substrate types. Described almost a century later, there are still a lot of scientific discussions about accepting of these subspecies as new taxa, considering them as ecotypes or just high phenotypic plasticity of the species. In this study we aim to notice if there is any significant statistical difference between them based on some parametric measurements of leaves, sepals, and fruits; features that make the differences according to F.K. Meyer. The results indicated that: there is no significant difference between the two subspecies related to length of leaves, but the leaves width of subsp. devollense is significantly bigger. There is a significant difference between subspecies concerning the fruit’s size. They are larger to subsp. haplophylloides, but significant differences of fruit’s size exist even between different populations of the same subspecies. Subsp. haplophylloides results to have lengthier sepals than subsp. devollense, but the sepals are wider to subsp. devollense. These wide variations which are not considered by Meyer, probably reflection of different ecological conditions of habitats where H. haplophylloides grows, supporting the presence of different ecotypes and/or high phenotypic plasticity. Genetics studies are highly recommended.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of the Morphological Features of Hypericum haplophylloides in Different Populations","authors":"M. Meço, E. Dosti Hyska, E. Ibrahimi","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023605347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023605347","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p><i>Hypericum haplophylloides</i> Halácsy & Bald is an endemic St. John’s wort of Albania described by Halácsy in 1892, with locus classicus in Llogara, Vlora district. According to Meyer, the distribution of this species is wider in Albania, and it’s represented by two subspecies: <i>H. haplophylloides</i> subps. <i>haplophylloides</i> and <i>H. haplophylloides</i> subsp<i>. devollense</i>, which are phyto-geographically divided and grow in different substrate types. Described almost a century later, there are still a lot of scientific discussions about accepting of these subspecies as new taxa, considering them as ecotypes or just high phenotypic plasticity of the species. In this study we aim to notice if there is any significant statistical difference between them based on some parametric measurements of leaves, sepals, and fruits; features that make the differences according to F.K. Meyer. The results indicated that: there is no significant difference between the two subspecies related to length of leaves, but the leaves width of subsp. <i>devollense</i> is significantly bigger. There is a significant difference between subspecies concerning the fruit’s size. They are larger to subsp. <i>haplophylloides</i>, but significant differences of fruit’s size exist even between different populations of the same subspecies. Subsp. <i>haplophylloides</i> results to have lengthier sepals than subsp. <i>devollense</i>, but the sepals are wider to subsp. <i>devollense</i>. These wide variations which are not considered by Meyer, probably reflection of different ecological conditions of habitats where <i>H. haplophylloides</i> grows, supporting the presence of different ecotypes and/or high phenotypic plasticity. Genetics studies are highly recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139771718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Medicinal plants have been proposed as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment and prevention of various oxidative stress-related disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Echinops persicus (Ec.P) extract on catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in different rat tissues after carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxication. A total of 38 rats weighing 180–210 g were randomly divided into eight groups of five. Rats in group 1 received only a standard diet and served as the control group, those in group 2 were given olive oil, and the rats in group 3 received olive oil + CCl4. Groups 4 to 8 were experimental groups. Rats of the experimental groups received olive oil + CCl4 in a ratio of 1 : 1 v/v daily for 7 days. After this period, vitamins C and E were given in 10 mg/kg doses to groups 4 and 5, respectively. Rats of groups 6, 7, and 8 were also treated with 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg body weight of Ec.P extract, respectively, for the next seven days. The kidney, liver, and heart supernatants of all rats were used to measure enzyme activities. Results: Decreased activity of SOD, CAT, and GPx were found in the liver, kidney, and heart after CCl4 intoxication. The aqueous extract of Ec.P showed a significant protective effect by elevating antioxidant enzyme activities, compared to vitamins C and E in a dose and tissue-dependent manner. The obtained results of the current study highlighted the protective effect of Ec.P extract on antioxidant enzyme activities. The Ec.P could probably be significant in treating oxidative stress-related disorders.
{"title":"Protective Effect of Echinops persicus Extract on Oxidative Stress Enzymes in Various Rat Tissues after Carbon Tetrachloride Intoxication","authors":"Maryam Soori, Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi, Hassan Mehrad-Majd, Hossein Abbaspour, Seyed Hossein Hashemi, Zeynab Soori","doi":"10.1134/s1062359023602562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062359023602562","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Medicinal plants have been proposed as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment and prevention of various oxidative stress-related disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of <i>Echinops persicus</i> (<i>Ec.P</i>) extract on catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in different rat tissues after carbon tetrachloride (CCl<sub>4</sub>) intoxication. A total of 38 rats weighing 180–210 g were randomly divided into eight groups of five. Rats in group 1 received only a standard diet and served as the control group, those in group 2 were given olive oil, and the rats in group 3 received olive oil + CCl<sub>4</sub>. Groups 4 to 8 were experimental groups. Rats of the experimental groups received olive oil + CCl<sub>4</sub> in a ratio of 1 : 1 v/v daily for 7 days. After this period, vitamins C and E were given in 10 mg/kg doses to groups 4 and 5, respectively. Rats of groups 6, 7, and 8 were also treated with 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg body weight of <i>Ec.P</i> extract, respectively, for the next seven days. The kidney, liver, and heart supernatants of all rats were used to measure enzyme activities. Results: Decreased activity of SOD, CAT, and GPx were found in the liver, kidney, and heart after CCl<sub>4</sub> intoxication. The aqueous extract of <i>Ec.P</i> showed a significant protective effect by elevating antioxidant enzyme activities, compared to vitamins C and E in a dose and tissue-dependent manner. The obtained results of the current study highlighted the protective effect of <i>Ec.P</i> extract on antioxidant enzyme activities. The <i>Ec.P</i> could probably be significant in treating oxidative stress-related disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139766839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.1134/s106235902360352x
Abstract
The red palm weevil (RPW) Rhynchophorusferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a species of beetle that depends on palm trees to complete its life cycle. RPW larvae feed on palm trunks and can cause tree death, with significant impacts on both wild and cultivated palms. The larvae burrow into the trunk of the palm and feed on the delicate tissue and sap of the palm, killing the host tree. Herbivore insect gut microbiota play important roles in host physiological characteristics such as nutritional needs, immunity, growth and developmental mechanisms, and mating behavior. The aim of this study was to determine the gut microbiota diversity of RPW larvae sampled in Sistan and Baluchistan province, Iran. Analysis of 16S rRNA amplified directly from the intestine showed the presence of Serratia sp., Klebsiella sp., and Shigella sp. from the Enterobacteriaceae family, Bacillus sp. from the Bacillacea family, Enterococcus sp. from the Enterococcaceae family, and Kocuria sp. from the Micrococcaceae family. The results of their cultivation on a modified CMCAgar medium showed that Kocuria, Serratia, Bacillus, Shigella genera have the ability to degrade cellulose. Identifying the bacterial flora and determining their role can be essential to controlling and reducing the population of this pest.
{"title":"Investigation on Gut Microbiota Diversity of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Larvae","authors":"","doi":"10.1134/s106235902360352x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s106235902360352x","url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3>Abstract</h3> <p>The red palm weevil (RPW) <em>Rhynchophorus</em> <em>ferrugineus</em> (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a species of beetle that depends on palm trees to complete its life cycle. RPW larvae feed on palm trunks and can cause tree death, with significant impacts on both wild and cultivated palms. The larvae burrow into the trunk of the palm and feed on the delicate tissue and sap of the palm, killing the host tree. Herbivore insect gut microbiota play important roles in host physiological characteristics such as nutritional needs, immunity, growth and developmental mechanisms, and mating behavior. The aim of this study was to determine the gut microbiota diversity of RPW larvae sampled in Sistan and Baluchistan province, Iran. Analysis of 16S rRNA amplified directly from the intestine showed the presence of <em>Serratia</em> sp., <em>Klebsiella</em> sp., and <em>Shigella</em> sp. from the Enterobacteriaceae family, <em>Bacillus</em> sp. from the Bacillacea family, <em>Enterococcus</em> sp. from the Enterococcaceae family, and <em>Kocuria</em> sp. from the Micrococcaceae family. The results of their cultivation on a modified CMCAgar medium showed that <em>Kocuria</em>, <em>Serratia</em>, <em>Bacillus</em>, <em>Shigella</em> genera have the ability to degrade cellulose. Identifying the bacterial flora and determining their role can be essential to controlling and reducing the population of this pest.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":55366,"journal":{"name":"Biology Bulletin","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139771389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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