Biological Conservation最新文献

Displacement effects on an endangered cinereous vulture population in a landscape of increasing wind power development 在风力发电日益发展的景观中，迁移对濒危灰秃鹫种群的影响

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2026.111728

Anastasios Bounas , Elzbieta Kret , Lavrentis Sidiropoulos , Sylvia Zakkak , Eleftherios Kapsalis , Volen Arkumarev , Dobromir Dobrev , Anton Stamenov , Stoycho Stoychev , Dimitris Vasilakis

Wind energy is widely considered to be an integral part in global efforts to mitigate climate change, but its rapid expansion is raising concerns regarding its impacts on biodiversity and specifically soaring birds which rely on the same high-wind landscapes targeted for turbine siting. Understanding how these developments alter space use, movement behaviour, and energy expenditure is critical for mitigating impacts on threatened populations. Here, we combined two decades of telemetry data to evaluate the responses of Cinereous vultures (Aegypius monachus) in a region undergoing substantial wind power plant development. Long-term analyses (2004–2022) revealed pronounced displacement, with population utilization reduced by 85–89% within 200 m of turbines. High-resolution GPS tracking (2016–2021) provided complementary behavioural insights, showing significant reductions in crossing rates, daily flight distances and time spent near turbines once they became operational. We also identified areas of increased vulture activity that overlap with planned wind farms under licensing, suggesting that such sites may represent critical corridors for population movement and should remain undeveloped. Our findings support considering cumulative displacement and potential energetic costs in environmental assessments alongside major existing threats, including poisoning and electrocution. We recommend spatial planning that avoids core movement areas to reconcile renewable energy expansion with the conservation of large soaring raptors.

风能被广泛认为是减缓气候变化的全球努力中不可或缺的一部分，但它的迅速扩张引起了人们对其对生物多样性的影响的担忧，特别是对那些依赖于涡轮机选址的高风力景观的翱翔鸟类的影响。了解这些发展如何改变空间使用、移动行为和能源消耗，对于减轻对受威胁种群的影响至关重要。在这里，我们结合了二十年的遥测数据来评估在一个正在进行大规模风力发电厂开发的地区，埃及秃鹫（Aegypius monachus）的反应。长期分析（2004-2022）显示了明显的位移，在涡轮机200米范围内，人口利用率降低了85-89%。高分辨率GPS跟踪（2016-2021年）提供了补充的行为洞察，显示在涡轮机投入运行后，穿越率、每日飞行距离和在涡轮机附近停留的时间显著减少。我们还确定了秃鹰活动增加的地区，这些地区与已获得许可的计划风电场重叠，这表明这些地点可能是人口流动的关键走廊，应该保持不开发。我们的研究结果支持在环境评估中考虑累积位移和潜在的能量成本，以及主要的现有威胁，包括中毒和触电。我们建议空间规划避免核心运动区域，以协调可再生能源的扩张与大型猛禽的保护。

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引用次数: 0

A regional simulation modeling framework for evaluating invasive annual grass management across the sagebrush biome 山艾草群落年入侵草管理评价的区域模拟模型框架

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2026.111720

Elizabeth K. Orning , Bryan C. Tarbox , Catherine S. Jarnevich , Lindy Garner , James R. Meldrum , Cameron L. Aldridge

Invasive annual grasses (IAG) continue to spread within the sagebrush biome of the western United States, degrading plant communities and wildlife habitat, decreasing forage for ranching livelihoods, and heightening wildfire risk. Effective management of IAGs requires action and long-term strategic planning across the sagebrush biome, but the cumulative effects of IAG treatments over time and space are not well understood, especially over broad extents defined for strategies like the Sagebrush Conservation Design. We developed a simulation model and sampling framework that allow local-scale actions to be ‘scaled up’ to evaluate large-scale regional and biome-wide management strategy outcomes. We worked with natural resource managers and experts to co-develop a spatially explicit state-and-transition simulation model of IAG dynamics in sagebrush landscapes that can be used to evaluate alternative management strategies. We evaluated our framework by contrasting two baseline scenarios in terms of their long-term effects on the sagebrush biome. We show that focusing management efforts on moderate to high IAG cover was effective at reducing full conversion to IAGs but failed to prevent widespread establishment of IAGs in core sagebrush areas, exposing them to increased risk of wildfire and wildlife habitat degradation. The results of our model help quantify the extent of the problem that IAGs pose to sagebrush ecosystems given current knowledge and management efforts. Our framework provides a platform to explore alternative management strategy outcomes and can help managers develop informed conservation plans with realistic expectations for return on investment of resources committed to sagebrush landscapes.

入侵的一年生草（IAG）继续在美国西部的荞属植物群落中蔓延，使植物群落和野生动物栖息地退化，减少了牧场生计的饲料，并增加了野火风险。有效的人工智能管理需要采取行动，并制定长期的战略规划，但人工智能处理在时间和空间上的累积效应尚未得到很好的理解，特别是在像山艾树保护设计这样的策略所定义的广泛范围内。我们开发了一个模拟模型和抽样框架，使局部规模的行动能够“扩大规模”，以评估大规模的区域和生物群系管理战略成果。我们与自然资源管理者和专家合作，共同开发了山艾树景观中IAG动态的空间明确状态和转变模拟模型，该模型可用于评估替代管理策略。我们通过对比两种基线情景对山艾树生物群落的长期影响来评估我们的框架。研究表明，将管理工作重点放在中等到高的IAG覆盖上，可以有效地减少IAG的完全转化，但未能阻止IAG在核心山艾灌木地区的广泛建立，使其面临野火和野生动物栖息地退化的风险增加。我们的模型的结果有助于量化IAGs对山艾树生态系统造成的问题的程度，因为目前的知识和管理努力。我们的框架提供了一个探索替代管理策略结果的平台，可以帮助管理者制定明智的保护计划，并对致力于山艾树景观的资源投资回报抱有现实的期望。

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引用次数: 0

Where will they come from, when did they go? Squamate extirpations and recoveries in Singapore 他们从哪里来，什么时候去的？新加坡鳞片的灭绝和恢复

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2026.111721

Ananthanarayanan Sankar , Ryan A. Chisholm

The island nation of Singapore has experienced large-scale habitat loss over the last two centuries, accompanied by unprecedented defaunation. Nevertheless, the remnant forests have seen some recovery in the last 100 years and some species that had previously become extirpated have recolonised and re-established, particularly birds, mammals, and butterflies. Most locally extirpated squamates, being less able to recolonize islands, can only be reintroduced through human-mediated conservation translocation. Some of Singapore's several extirpated squamate species may be more suitable for reintroduction than others. However, there is a lack of objective tools for selecting candidate species for reintroduction. In this paper, we explore the novel application of a mathematical extinction model (MODGEE) to select squamate species for potential reintroduction to Singapore. The extirpation timeline identifies two periods of heightened extirpation rates (around the 1900s and the 2000s). Extirpation rates of 17% (95% CI [1 to 31%]) estimated in squamates were comparatively lower than those previously estimated for birds in Singapore, implying that squamates may be more resilient to habitat degradation. The model identifies three species of squamates that were extirpated recently and would thus experience the least “ecological memory loss” and be better able to reintegrate into a recovering landscape. We identify the Hulk forest gecko, Gekko hulk, as the best candidate for conservation translocation into Singapore from stock populations in Peninsular Malaysia.

在过去的两个世纪里，岛国新加坡经历了大规模的栖息地丧失，伴随着前所未有的破坏。尽管如此，在过去的100年里，残存的森林已经有所恢复，一些以前灭绝的物种已经重新定居并重新建立起来，特别是鸟类，哺乳动物和蝴蝶。大多数在当地灭绝的有鳞动物，由于无法在岛屿上重新定居，只能通过人类介导的保护易位重新引入。新加坡的一些灭绝的有鳞动物物种可能比其他物种更适合重新引入。然而，缺乏客观的工具来选择候选物种进行重新引入。在本文中，我们探索了数学灭绝模型（MODGEE）的新应用，以选择有可能重新引入新加坡的鳞状动物物种。灭绝时间线确定了两个灭绝率上升的时期（1900年代和2000年代左右）。鳞片类的估计灭绝率为17% (95% CI[1至31%])，相对于先前在新加坡对鸟类的估计，这意味着鳞片类可能对栖息地退化更有弹性。该模型确定了最近灭绝的三种鳞片物种，因此它们经历的“生态记忆丧失”最少，并且能够更好地重新融入正在恢复的景观中。我们确定绿巨人森林壁虎（Gekko Hulk）是马来西亚半岛种群迁移到新加坡的最佳候选者。

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引用次数: 0

A framework for designing multi-objective landscapes for conservation 多目标保育景观设计框架

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2026.111717

Alienor L.M. Chauvenet , Anna R. Renwick , Hugh P. Possingham , Vanessa M. Adams , Jennifer McGowan , Vesna Gagić , Nancy A. Schellhorn

Designing landscapes to accommodate both humans and nature poses huge challenges but is increasingly recognised as an essential component of conservation and land management. The land-sparing land-sharing approach has been proposed as a tool to address this challenge. However, its focus on an ideal landscape configuration leaves a gap on what step-wise management decisions are needed to transform the existing landscape to reach that ideal endpoint. We provide a new conceptual framework amenable to the application of structured decision-making to identify the step-wise pathways between the present landscape and a desired landscape given a defined objective and fixed budget. The model can be parameterised for specific systems using information about: the current state of the landscape, the rates of change between landscape states, and the cost and effectiveness of taking actions. To demonstrate this, we apply it to three different landscape types and find that investment into one of three management actions (varying degrees of management and restoration) can move the system towards more biodiversity or more managed land depending on the objectives of the stakeholders. The dynamic and flexible nature of the framework makes it useful for decision-making in a land sparing land sharing context.

设计兼顾人类和自然的景观带来了巨大的挑战，但越来越被认为是保护和土地管理的重要组成部分。已经提出了节约土地的土地共享办法，作为应对这一挑战的一种工具。然而，它对理想景观配置的关注留下了一个空白，即需要哪些分步管理决策来转换现有景观以达到理想的终点。我们提供了一个新的概念框架，适用于结构化决策的应用，以确定在给定明确的目标和固定预算的情况下，当前景观和理想景观之间的阶梯路径。该模型可以使用以下信息为特定系统参数化：景观的当前状态、景观状态之间的变化率以及采取行动的成本和有效性。为了证明这一点，我们将其应用于三种不同的景观类型，并发现根据利益相关者的目标，对三种管理行动（不同程度的管理和恢复）中的一种进行投资可以使系统朝着更生物多样性或更受管理的土地发展。该框架的动态性和灵活性使其有助于在节约土地的土地共享背景下进行决策。

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引用次数: 0

Cold-blooded commerce: A literature review on the impacts of the amphibian and reptile pet trade in Canada and the U.S. 冷血商业：加拿大和美国两栖动物和爬行动物宠物贸易影响的文献综述

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2026.111724

Francisco Aguayo , Michèle Hamers , Angie Elwin , Neil D'Cruze

The global trade in amphibians and reptiles as pets, while offering certain private and economic benefits, also poses complex ecological, species conservation, animal welfare, and public health challenges. Although considerable research has referred to the public health and ecological impacts of this trade, such as the spread of zoonotic diseases, the introduction of invasive species, and the overharvesting of wild populations, there remains a significant gap in understanding its full spectrum of impacts. We assessed the existing literature on the amphibian and reptile pet trade in the United States and Canada, examining a range of both positive and negative impacts (both monetary and non-monetary). Our findings showed that research predominantly focused on negative impacts related to biodiversity conservation and public health, with limited attention paid to the trade's economic and animal welfare impacts. The majority of negative impacts reported constitute hidden costs of the trade, externalised to society and wild populations. Comprehensive impact analyses were virtually absent, but the available evidence indicated broadly referenced negative impacts at private and social levels, as well as a scattered, unsystematic account of positive impacts across all impact categories. We identify knowledge gaps, discuss their implications, and offer recommendations for future research. These include adopting cross-disciplinary approaches to integrate economic, ecological, and public health data; increasing research on various stages of the supply chain; and increasing focus on underrepresented taxa. Addressing these deficiencies is essential for developing sustainable and humane decision making related to amphibian and reptile trade in the U.S., Canada, and globally.

作为宠物的两栖动物和爬行动物的全球贸易在提供某些私人和经济利益的同时，也带来了复杂的生态、物种保护、动物福利和公共卫生挑战。虽然大量研究提到了这种贸易的公共卫生和生态影响，例如人畜共患疾病的传播、入侵物种的引入和野生种群的过度捕捞，但在了解其全面影响方面仍然存在重大差距。我们评估了美国和加拿大两栖动物和爬行动物宠物贸易的现有文献，检查了一系列积极和消极的影响（货币和非货币）。我们的研究结果表明，研究主要集中在与生物多样性保护和公共卫生相关的负面影响上，对贸易的经济和动物福利影响的关注有限。报告的大多数负面影响构成了贸易的隐性成本，外部化到社会和野生种群。几乎没有全面的影响分析，但现有的证据表明，在私人和社会层面上有广泛参考的负面影响，以及对所有影响类别的积极影响的分散、非系统的说明。我们识别知识差距，讨论其影响，并为未来的研究提供建议。这些措施包括采用跨学科方法整合经济、生态和公共卫生数据；加强对供应链各阶段的研究；并且越来越关注代表性不足的分类群。解决这些缺陷对于在美国、加拿大和全球范围内发展与两栖动物和爬行动物贸易相关的可持续和人道决策至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Glare more than uplight attracts flying insects to artificial lights 眩光比阳光更能吸引飞虫到人造光上

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2026.111722

Brett M. Seymoure , John F. Deitsch , Paul Hyder , Braulio Sanchez , Kajaya Pollard , Isabella Rios , Evan Robinson-Griffiths , Sol Saenz-Arreola , L. Miles Horne , Oceane Da Cunha , Oliver Neria , Joshua J. Mead , Imogen Daszak , Avalon C.S. Owens

Artificial lighting at night (ALAN) from residential, commercial, transportation, and other sources has substantially altered nocturnal light environments, threatening biodiversity and ecosystem services. Insects are especially susceptible to light pollution for numerous reasons including their maladaptive flight-to-light response. Insects attracted to lights at night experience both sublethal and lethal consequences, with direct mortality estimated at 30%. Despite this evident cost, the best mitigation approach for reducing insect phototaxis remains an open question. Here we test the effectiveness of recessing and shielding individual light sources on insect attraction in a section of the Chihuahuan Desert that experiences minimal light pollution. We deployed four light treatments (unshielded, shielded (∼135°), recessed (∼100°), and a dark control) across two seasons (spring and summer) in 2024. We sampled flying insects attracted to each light source with aerial flight intercept traps and ground-dwelling insects with pitfall traps. Recessed lighting reduced aerial insect attraction by over 50% relative to unshielded lighting, but there were no consistent differences between shielded and unshielded treatments. Furthermore, no light treatments influenced ground-dwelling insect attraction. We conclude that recessing lighting can reduce but not eliminate the flight-to-light response of insects, as orders of magnitude more insects still aggregated at recessed lights compared to dark controls. Thus, while recessing lighting can be an effective method of mitigating the negative consequences of light pollution for insect populations, additional efforts are necessary to fully conserve at-risk species and ecosystem services.

来自住宅、商业、交通和其他来源的夜间人工照明（ALAN）已经极大地改变了夜间光环境，威胁着生物多样性和生态系统服务。昆虫特别容易受到光污染，原因有很多，包括它们对光的不适应飞行反应。夜间被灯光吸引的昆虫会经历亚致命和致命的后果，直接死亡率估计为30%。尽管如此，减少昆虫趋光性的最佳缓解方法仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。在这里，我们测试了在奇瓦瓦沙漠的一段经历最小光污染的区域，隐藏和屏蔽单个光源对昆虫吸引力的有效性。我们在2024年的两个季节（春季和夏季）进行了四种光照处理（无屏蔽、屏蔽（~ 135°）、隐蔽（~ 100°）和黑暗对照）。我们用空中飞行拦截器对每个光源吸引的飞虫进行取样，用陷阱对地栖昆虫进行取样。与未遮挡的照明相比，隐蔽照明可减少50%以上的空中昆虫吸引，但在遮挡和未遮挡的处理之间没有一致性差异。此外，光处理对地栖昆虫的吸引力没有影响。我们得出的结论是，隐性照明可以减少但不能消除昆虫对光线的飞行反应，因为与黑暗控制相比，隐性照明下聚集的昆虫数量仍然更多。因此，虽然隐蔽照明可以有效地减轻光污染对昆虫种群的负面影响，但还需要额外的努力来充分保护濒危物种和生态系统服务。

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引用次数: 0

The landscape of no worries? Increased recreation exposure decreases the landscape of human fear in wildlife 无忧无虑的风景？增加娱乐活动减少了人类对野生动物的恐惧

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2026.111718

Mark A. Ditmer , Katherine A. Zeller , Heather N. Abernathy , James Wilder , Ashley Egan , Julia N.D. Daniell , Jesse R. Barber , William L. Rice , Michael K. Schwartz , George Wittemyer

Recreation's expanding footprint increasingly overlaps habitats once considered refuges from human disturbance. Yet our ability to predict wildlife responses across broad spatial scales to balance recreational opportunities and wildlife refugia remains limited. We integrated data from an experimental audio playback study quantifying antipredator responses of large mammals to recreation noise with estimates of human use derived from fine-scale GPS data from smartphone applications. We tested whether variation in responses to recreation noises was mediated by exposure history to human presence and the reliability of human-associated cues. To evaluate potential behavioral mechanisms, we compared three competing hypotheses: (a) habituation or filtering, where responses decline with increased exposure or less tolerant individuals are excluded from high-use areas; (b) sensitization, where responses intensify with greater exposure; and (c) no relationship to exposure, with responses instead reflecting individual differences or seasonal drivers. Exposure intensity strongly influenced the probability of fleeing when recreation noises were played. Fleeing behavior was 22% lower in high-use areas relative to low-use areas during the previous month, with the reduction especially pronounced in species generally more sensitive to human presence. By combining behavioral experiments with human mobility data, we scaled predictions of wildlife behavior across an expansive National Forest and revealed how recreation reshapes the landscape of fear. Our results highlight a practical framework for managing human–wildlife coexistence. Strategic spatial or temporal zoning of recreation, including densification of new trail systems, may help preserve refugia for sensitive species while sustaining recreation access.

娱乐活动不断扩大的足迹越来越多地与曾经被认为是躲避人类干扰的栖息地重叠。然而，我们预测野生动物在广泛空间尺度上的反应，以平衡娱乐机会和野生动物保护区的能力仍然有限。我们整合了一项实验性音频回放研究的数据，该研究量化了大型哺乳动物对娱乐噪音的反捕食反应，并从智能手机应用程序的精细GPS数据中估计了人类对娱乐噪音的使用。我们测试了对娱乐噪音的反应变化是否与人类存在的暴露历史和人类相关线索的可靠性有关。为了评估潜在的行为机制，我们比较了三种相互竞争的假设：(a)习惯化或过滤，其中反应随着暴露的增加而下降，或者不耐受的个体被排除在高使用区域之外；(b)敏化，即接触程度越高，反应越强烈；(c)与暴露无关，反应反映了个体差异或季节性驱动因素。当播放娱乐噪音时，暴露强度强烈影响逃跑的可能性。在前一个月，高利用区域的逃跑行为比低利用区域低22%，对人类存在更敏感的物种的减少尤其明显。通过将行为实验与人类活动数据相结合，我们在广阔的国家森林中对野生动物的行为进行了预测，并揭示了娱乐活动如何重塑了恐惧的景观。我们的研究结果强调了管理人类与野生动物共存的实用框架。策略性的休闲空间或时间分区，包括新步道系统的密集化，可能有助于保护敏感物种的避难所，同时维持休闲通道。

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引用次数: 0

From digital decision-support to policy implementation: An operational framework for agri-environmental schemes 从数字决策支持到政策实施：农业环境计划的操作框架

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2026.111712

A.C. Wartenberg , C. Cheng , C. Marples , H. Dettmann , K. Hemminger , F. Ghafarian , L. Schaan , M. Scoville , S.D. Bellingrath-Kimura

Advances in digital technologies have the potential to address shortcomings of current agri-environment schemes (AES) designed to promote biodiversity conservation and ecosystem health in agricultural landscapes. We identify three major barriers that currently hinder broader implementation of AES: gaps in the current understanding and reflections of locally-specific agro-ecological complexities; spatial scale mismatches between ecological scales of change and individual and administrative scales of implementation; and administrative and logistical hurdles. The Digital Agricultural Knowledge and Information System (DAKIS) is an integrated decision support system (DSS) which generates localised land management recommendations designed to simultaneously support sustainable agricultural production, biodiversity conservation and ecosystem resilience. We here draw on core concepts and components of the DAKIS to formulate a guiding framework for leveraging digital technologies to support the implementation, monitoring and valorisation of sustainable agricultural practices across farm and landscape scales. We present the five central steps of the framework and illustrate its technical application through a case study examining the implementation of the EU's Nature Restoration Regulation in Brandenburg, Germany. We then discuss its advantages and challenges, its potential to overcome multi-scalar barriers to AES planning and implementation, and potential contributions to scaling up sustainable agricultural land management beyond individual farms.

数字技术的进步有可能解决当前旨在促进农业景观中生物多样性保护和生态系统健康的农业环境计划（AES）的缺陷。我们确定了目前阻碍AES广泛实施的三个主要障碍：目前对当地特定农业生态复杂性的理解和反映存在差距；生态变化尺度与个体和行政实施尺度的空间错配还有行政和后勤方面的障碍。数字农业知识和信息系统（DAKIS）是一个综合决策支持系统（DSS），它产生本地化的土地管理建议，旨在同时支持可持续农业生产、生物多样性保护和生态系统复原力。我们在此借鉴DAKIS的核心概念和组成部分，制定一个指导框架，以利用数字技术支持在农场和景观尺度上实施、监测和评估可持续农业做法。我们提出了该框架的五个核心步骤，并通过一个案例研究来说明其技术应用，该案例研究了欧盟在德国勃兰登堡实施的自然恢复条例。然后，我们讨论了它的优势和挑战，它克服AES规划和实施的多标量障碍的潜力，以及它对扩大个体农场以外的可持续农业用地管理的潜在贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Timing of attraction to light of nocturnal insects is spectrum and taxon dependent: implications for mitigating light pollution 夜行昆虫对光的吸引时间取决于光谱和分类群：减轻光污染的意义

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2026.111711

Gabriel A. Charvalakis , Nina van Boxem , Marcel E. Visser , Roelof A. Hut , Kamiel Spoelstra

Nocturnal insects provide major ecosystem services but are vulnerable to artificial light at night as it disrupts their nocturnal activity, mostly via positive phototaxis. Although the attraction of nocturnal insects to artificial light at night is known to vary by taxon, light intensity, and colour, the temporal distribution of spectrum specific phototaxis throughout the night remains largely uncharted. Understanding the interaction between taxon and light spectrum on temporal patterns in phototaxis is critical for developing time-scheduled, spectrally adjustable lighting systems in order to mitigate the negative effects of artificial light at night.

We examined how spectrum-dependent phototaxis in nocturnal insects varies over time depending on the taxonomic group. We used custom camera-light traps equipped with LED strips capable of emitting four monochromatic spectra, and one dichromatic spectrum with a calibrated radiant output to assess phototactic activity. We recorded the timing of attraction for twelve non-consecutive nights at four forested locations in the Netherlands.

Phototactic activity intensified from the early to the middle of the night but varied with taxon. For example, Diptera (midges) exhibited an earlier centre of phototactic activity than Lepidoptera (moths). Notably, Diptera were earlier attracted to especially ultraviolet and red light, and later to green and amber light. Interestingly, the timing of Lepidopteran phototaxis was unaffected by light colour.

These findings reveal taxon and spectrum-dependent variation in the timing of insect phototaxis and highlight the potential of targeted spectral tuning and light curfews, or emission reductions especially in the early and middle parts of the night.

夜行性昆虫提供了主要的生态系统服务，但在夜间容易受到人造光的影响，因为人造光主要通过正向趋光性干扰了它们的夜间活动。虽然夜行昆虫对夜间人造光的吸引力已知因分类单元、光强度和颜色而异，但整个夜间光谱特异性趋光性的时间分布在很大程度上仍然未知。了解分类群与光谱之间的相互作用对趋光性时间模式的影响，对于开发定时、光谱可调的照明系统以减轻夜间人造光的负面影响至关重要。我们研究了夜行昆虫的光谱依赖性趋光性如何随时间变化，这取决于分类群。我们使用了定制的相机光阱，配备了能够发射四个单色光谱的LED条，以及一个具有校准辐射输出的二色光谱，以评估光敏活性。我们在荷兰的四个森林地点记录了12个非连续的夜晚的吸引力时间。光致活性在清晨至午夜增强，但因分类群而异。例如，双翅目（蠓）比鳞翅目（蛾）表现出更早的光致活动中心。值得注意的是，双翅目较早被紫外线和红光吸引，较晚被绿光和琥珀光吸引。有趣的是，鳞翅目趋光的时间不受光线颜色的影响。这些发现揭示了昆虫趋光性时间的分类群和光谱依赖性变化，并强调了有针对性的光谱调整和灯光宵禁或减排的潜力，特别是在夜间的早期和中期。

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引用次数: 0

Integrating noninvasive genetics and SECR to estimate snow leopard population in Pakistan 整合非侵入遗传学和SECR估算巴基斯坦雪豹种群

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2026.111709

Shakeel Ahmad , Katherine A. Solari , Ian Durbach , Hussain Ali , Shoaib Hameed , Jaffar Ud Din , Muhammad Asif , Dmitri A. Petrov , Muhammad Ali Nawaz

Knowledge of the abundance and density of large carnivores, such as the globally vulnerable snow leopard (Panthera uncia), is crucial for their conservation and for evaluating management measures. The snow leopard inhabits remote and harsh terrain in high-altitude regions of South and Central Asia across 12 countries. It is one of the least studied large mammals in Pakistan, and reliable data on its populations are scarce across its range. The current study adopted a new noninvasive genetics approach—a snow leopard-specific SNP (single-nucleotide polymorphism) panel designed for individual identification. Over one thousand putative snow leopard scats were collected along transects across the species' distribution range in Pakistan from 2017 to 2023, of which 235 were genetically identified as belonging to snow leopards. A total of 179 snow leopard samples were successfully genotyped, yielding 56 unique individuals, comprising 63% males. Model averaging over top Spatially Explicit Capture-Recapture (SECR) model predicted an average density of 0.17 snow leopards per 100 km² potential habitat (95% CL 0.130–0.225) across the species' range in Pakistan, with an estimated population of 167.9 (95% CI 129.0–220.6). Current study findings suggest that the new SNP panel, in combination with SECR, provides an effective means of monitoring snow leopard populations. The results validate camera trap-derived population estimates and establish a reliable baseline for monitoring the snow leopard population in Pakistan. Additionally, we recommend enhancing the surveillance of protected areas, which are home to most of the snow leopard populations, to decrease poaching and facilitate the growth of both snow leopards and their prey.

了解大型食肉动物的丰富度和密度，如全球脆弱的雪豹（Panthera uncia），对它们的保护和评估管理措施至关重要。雪豹生活在南亚和中亚12个国家高海拔地区偏远而恶劣的地形上。它是巴基斯坦被研究最少的大型哺乳动物之一，关于其分布范围内的数量的可靠数据很少。目前的研究采用了一种新的非侵入性遗传学方法——设计用于个体鉴定的雪豹特异性SNP（单核苷酸多态性）面板。从2017年到2023年，在巴基斯坦的物种分布范围内，沿横断面收集了1000多张假定的雪豹粪便，其中235张经基因鉴定属于雪豹。对179个雪豹样本进行基因分型，得到56个独特个体，其中雄性占63%。在空间明确捕获-再捕获（SECR）模型上进行平均模型预测，在巴基斯坦的物种范围内，每100平方公里潜在栖息地的平均密度为0.17只雪豹（95% CI 0.130-0.225），估计种群为167.9只（95% CI 129.0-220.6）。目前的研究结果表明，新的SNP面板，结合SECR，提供了监测雪豹种群的有效手段。研究结果验证了摄像机捕获的种群估计，并为监测巴基斯坦雪豹种群建立了可靠的基线。此外，我们建议加强对保护区的监控，这些保护区是大多数雪豹的家园，以减少偷猎，促进雪豹和它们的猎物的生长。

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引用次数: 0