Biological Conservation最新文献_第3页

Scaling the web: Unraveling online reptile leather trade networks with machine learning and network analysis 扩展网络：用机器学习和网络分析解开在线爬行动物皮革交易网络

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111672

G.A. Petrossian , J. Lang , J. von Ferber , U. Gondhali , B. Lieu , K. Bernstein , J. Barbosa , K. Sharma , S. Chakraborty , J. Freire

Since COVID-19, the illegal wildlife trade (IWT) has made a massive transition from physical to online marketplaces, creating new challenges for identifying and tracking the trade of reptile leather products. Social network analysis has been used in the past to identify networks of key actors and generate strategies to dismantle these networks. However, these analyses have been limited to actors interacting in the physical space. We utilise machine learning (ML) and large language models (LLMs) to extract advertisements on potential illegal sales of small leather items on eBay as the case-study marketplace. We use social network analysis to identify key actors, products, and eBay sites where these activities occur, and network percolation analysis to determine which network disruption strategies offer the most optimal network dismantlement. We found that online reptile leather trade is highly concentrated, with a small number of species, product types, and countries dominating the market, especially for such luxury products as crocodile bags. Network percolation analyses revealed that targeted interventions focusing on high-degree product types (rather than sellers or shipping countries) are most effective at disrupting the market. These findings suggest that regulatory agencies should prioritise enforcement at key market chokepoints by requiring all online listings of reptile leather products to display valid CITES permits, include the full scientific and common species names, and show non-reusable CITES tags in product images. E-commerce platforms like eBay must enforce these requirements to ensure compliance with domestic and international wildlife trade laws.

自2019冠状病毒病以来，非法野生动物贸易已从实体市场大规模过渡到在线市场，为识别和跟踪爬行动物皮革制品贸易带来了新的挑战。社会网络分析在过去被用来识别关键行为者的网络，并产生拆除这些网络的策略。然而，这些分析仅限于在物理空间中相互作用的参与者。我们利用机器学习（ML）和大型语言模型（llm）来提取eBay上潜在的非法销售小皮革物品的广告作为案例研究市场。我们使用社会网络分析来确定这些活动发生的关键角色、产品和eBay网站，并使用网络渗透分析来确定哪种网络破坏策略提供最优的网络拆除。我们发现，网上爬行动物皮革交易高度集中，品种、产品类型和国家数量都很少，尤其是鳄鱼包等奢侈品。网络渗透分析显示，针对高程度产品类型（而不是卖家或运输国家）的有针对性干预在扰乱市场方面最有效。这些发现表明，监管机构应优先在关键的市场瓶颈处进行执法，要求所有爬行动物皮革制品的在线清单显示有效的CITES许可证，包括完整的科学和常见物种名称，并在产品图像中显示不可重复使用的CITES标签。像eBay这样的电子商务平台必须执行这些要求，以确保遵守国内和国际野生动物贸易法。

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引用次数: 0

The emergence of ecological traps in marine ecosystems: The case of seabirds and fisheries 海洋生态系统中生态陷阱的出现：以海鸟和渔业为例

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111674

Cristóbal Anguita , Alejandro Simeone , Cristián F. Estades

Human-induced rapid environmental change increasingly causes animals to select habitats of poor quality based on misleading cues, creating ecological traps that drive demographic decline and elevate extinction risk. Yet research on ecological traps has focused mainly on terrestrial and freshwater systems, while marine traps—particularly those linked to fisheries, the dominant marine industry and a potential source of traps for seabirds and other vertebrates—remain understudied. In this marine context, fisheries represent a double-edged sword for seabirds: the trophic subsidies they provide (bait, discards, and catches) offer predictable food but also attract birds to vessels, thereby increasing their risk of mortality from bycatch. Here, we analyze the interaction between seabirds' scavenging behavior and bycatch in fisheries, as well as the effect of the slow–fast life-history continuum on their vulnerability to ecological traps. Through a systematic literature review and Bayesian multilevel models accounting for phylogenetic relatedness (341 species), we show a clear preference–performance mismatch: slow-lived seabirds, such as albatrosses, are more likely to exploit fishery-derived trophic subsidies and are consequently more threatened by bycatch. Building on recent evidence that ecological traps are a common phenomenon in marine ecosystems, we propose that they should be recognized as a primary mechanism underlying seabird–fishery interactions. Moreover, incorporating ecological traps into theoretical frameworks could strengthen ecosystem-based fisheries management by clarifying the causes and consequences of fishery impacts on seabirds, enhancing the effectiveness of management and conservation strategies, and supporting the enforcement of mitigation measures.

人类引起的快速环境变化越来越多地导致动物根据误导性的线索选择质量差的栖息地，造成生态陷阱，导致人口减少，增加灭绝风险。然而，对生态陷阱的研究主要集中在陆地和淡水系统，而海洋陷阱——特别是那些与渔业有关的陷阱，主要的海洋工业和海鸟和其他脊椎动物的潜在陷阱来源——仍未得到充分研究。在这种海洋环境下，渔业对海鸟来说是一把双刃剑：它们提供的营养补贴（诱饵、丢弃物和渔获物）提供了可预测的食物，但也将鸟类吸引到船只上，从而增加了它们因副渔获物而死亡的风险。本文分析了海鸟的食腐行为与渔业副渔获物之间的相互作用，以及慢-快生活史连续体对其生态陷阱脆弱性的影响。通过系统的文献回顾和贝叶斯多层模型（341种），我们发现了明显的偏好-性能不匹配：慢活海鸟，如信天翁，更有可能利用渔业来源的营养补贴，因此更容易受到副渔获物的威胁。基于最近的证据，生态陷阱是海洋生态系统中的一种常见现象，我们建议它们应该被视为海鸟-渔业相互作用的主要机制。此外，将生态陷阱纳入理论框架可以通过澄清渔业对海鸟影响的原因和后果、提高管理和养护战略的有效性以及支持执行缓解措施来加强基于生态系统的渔业管理。

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引用次数: 0

Wildfires and the natural regeneration of a terra firme forest in the eastern Amazon region 亚马逊东部地区的野火和原始森林的自然再生

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111671

Juliana M.M. de Assunção , Marcelo Tabarelli , Vynicius B. Oliveira , Ima C.G. Vieira

Tropical forests provide irreplaceable ecosystem services yet face escalating degradation from logging, edge effects, droughts, and wildfires. This paper investigates wildfire impacts on regenerating tree assemblages in eastern Amazon terra firme forest. Stems up to 1 m tall were recorded in 2500-m² plots across 24 stands: burned once, twice, and unburned old-growth forests (control). Following two wildfires, no effects emerged on stem density and species richness, with immense variation within and across habitats. However, species accumulation revealed beta diversity differences, with twice-burned forests experiencing one-third decline. Wildfires significantly impacted functional composition of seedling assemblages, though some attributes showed no response. Twice-burned forests experienced proliferation of pioneer species compared to unburned stands. Tree species depending on specialist vertebrate seed dispersal dropped by one-third. Fire significantly affected taxonomic composition, with only 13.9 % of species shared between assemblages and emergence of indicator species in burned forests. Results suggest: (1) seedling assemblages show resilience regarding abundance and richness, (2) wildfires promote homogenization and forest secondarization, (3) effects intensify with fire accumulation, and (4) changes documented for adult trees are detectable in seedlings. Long-term impacts on regeneration dynamics and traditional communities remain unknown.

热带森林提供了不可替代的生态系统服务，但却因伐木、边缘效应、干旱和野火而面临日益严重的退化。本文研究了野火对亚马逊东部原生林树木群落再生的影响。在24个林分的2500平方米的地块上记录了高达1米的茎干：燃烧一次、两次和未燃烧的原生林（对照）。在两次森林大火之后，茎密度和物种丰富度没有受到影响，但在栖息地内部和不同栖息地之间存在巨大差异。然而，物种积累显示出β多样性的差异，两次烧毁的森林减少了三分之一。野火对幼苗组合的功能组成有显著影响，但对某些属性没有影响。与未烧过的林分相比，两次烧过的林分经历了先锋物种的增殖。依赖脊椎动物种子传播的树种减少了三分之一。火灾显著影响了分类组成，在被烧毁的森林中，只有13.9%的物种在组合之间共享，并且出现了指示物种。结果表明：(1)幼苗组合在丰度和丰富度方面具有弹性；(2)野火促进均匀化和森林二次化；(3)影响随着火灾的积累而加剧；(4)成树的变化可以在幼苗中检测到。对再生动态和传统社区的长期影响尚不清楚。

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引用次数: 0

Conservation priority mapping in Argentina to guide gazetting, upgrading, and upsizing of protected areas 在阿根廷绘制保护优先级地图，以指导保护区的公报发布、升级和扩大

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111670

Germán Baldi , Roxana Aragón

Protected areas are a widely adopted strategy for safeguarding biodiversity and sustaining ecosystem services, yet their effectiveness depends on how well they capture environmental gradients. Argentina, the world's eighth-largest country with remarkable environmental diversity, has a protected-area system historically biased toward regions of low agricultural suitability or international frontiers. We developed an environmental framework to assess the representativeness of the national network and to identify strategic actions for improvement. Our objectives were to quantify representation deficits, identify areas where new designations would be most effective (gazetting), and evaluate the contribution of existing units to representativeness, highlighting candidates for strengthening (upgrading) or expanding (upsizing). We compiled 21 physical variables, aggregated them to a common 2.5 km grid, and calculated priorities under three nested scenarios: (A) strictly protected public areas, (B) inclusion of all public and private areas with less restrictive categories, and (C) further inclusion of other conservation figures. National area coverage increased from 2.2 % to 14.6 % across scenarios. However, severe representation deficits persist in the Pampas, Espinal, and Monte ecoregions, where improvements depend on the gazetting of new areas. The largest gains across scenarios occurred in the Monte, where upgrading and upsizing existing units produced the highest increases in representativeness (up to 7 %). Our findings indicate that expanding coverage alone is insufficient and that effective conservation requires upgrading key areas to stricter categories while strengthening their governance and management capacity. This approach can guide Argentina, and other countries facing similar imbalances, toward more equitable and ecologically robust conservation systems.

保护区是一种广泛采用的保护生物多样性和维持生态系统服务的战略，但其有效性取决于它们对环境梯度的捕捉程度。阿根廷是世界第八大国家，拥有显著的环境多样性，其保护区制度历来偏重于农业适宜性低的地区或国际边界地区。我们制定了一个环境框架，以评估国家网络的代表性，并确定改进的战略行动。我们的目标是量化代表性不足，确定新名称最有效的领域（宪报），并评估现有单位对代表性的贡献，突出候选人加强（升级）或扩大（扩大）。我们编制了21个物理变量，将它们汇总到一个2.5公里的公共网格中，并计算了三种嵌套情景下的优先级：(a)严格保护的公共区域，(B)包括所有限制较少的公共和私人区域，以及(C)进一步纳入其他保护数据。在不同情景下，全国面积覆盖率从2.2%增加到14.6%。然而，潘帕斯、埃斯皮纳尔和蒙特地区仍然存在严重的代表性不足，这些地区的改善取决于新地区的宪报。在所有情况下，最大的收益发生在蒙特州，升级和扩大现有单位的代表性产生了最高的增长（高达7%）。我们的研究结果表明，仅仅扩大覆盖范围是不够的，有效的保护需要将关键区域升级到更严格的类别，同时加强其治理和管理能力。这种方法可以引导阿根廷和其他面临类似失衡的国家走向更加公平和生态健全的保护体系。

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引用次数: 0

Designing for diversity: Wetland ageing and habitat features at multiple scales influence the use of constructed wetlands by breeding waterfowl 多样性设计：湿地老化和生境特征在多个尺度上影响着人工湿地的利用

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111669

Prakhar Rawal , Toni Laaksonen , Ineta Kačergytė , Tuomas Seimola , Veli-Matti Väänänen , Andreas Lindén

Over the past few decades, Europe has made significant efforts to restore and construct wetlands to halt the ongoing habitat and biodiversity losses. These endeavours require considerable time, investment, and effort, making it crucial to ensure that they are highly effective in achieving their objectives, one of which is biodiversity conservation, including waterbirds. We monitored waterfowl communities at 146 constructed wetlands in unprotected landscapes across Finland. We studied the effects of habitat and landscape (at two spatial scales) variables on four breeding waterfowl metrics – species richness, pair abundance, brood abundance, and mean brood size. We also investigated how these metrics vary as wetlands age over time, and depending on gull populations. We found that wetlands with larger perimeters, more islands, and greater gull abundance supported higher species richness and more breeding pairs and broods. However, mean brood size was unexpectedly lower at wetlands with more islands. Pair and brood abundance peaked seven and four years after establishment, respectively, while species richness declined linearly with age. At the local scale (200 m), wetlands surrounded by more peat-associated elements and built-up cover had lower species richness and mean brood size, respectively. Brood abundance was higher in wetlands surrounded by broad-leaved forest at both the local and regional (2 km) scale, while regional marsh cover positively influenced species richness and pair abundance. Such findings provide valuable feedback on wetland construction and restoration projects, helping to ensure that future initiatives can improve their biodiversity conservation outcomes.

在过去的几十年里，欧洲为恢复和建设湿地做出了巨大的努力，以阻止正在发生的栖息地和生物多样性的丧失。这些努力需要大量的时间、投资和努力，因此确保它们能够高效地实现其目标至关重要，其中一个目标是保护生物多样性，包括水鸟。我们在芬兰各地未受保护的146个人工湿地中监测水禽群落。在两个空间尺度上，研究了生境和景观对水禽物种丰富度、配对丰度、育雏丰度和平均育雏大小的影响。我们还研究了这些指标如何随着湿地年龄的推移而变化，以及取决于海鸥的数量。我们发现，更大的周长、更多的岛屿和更多的海鸥丰度支持更高的物种丰富度和更多的繁殖对和孵蛋。然而，在岛屿较多的湿地，平均产卵量出乎意料地低。种群丰富度随着年龄的增长呈线性下降，对和幼鸟的丰度分别在种群建立后的第7年和第4年达到峰值。在局地尺度（200 m）上，泥炭相关元素较多的湿地和建筑覆盖较多的湿地物种丰富度较低，平均孵化规模较小。在局地和区域（2 km）尺度上，被阔叶林包围的湿地的幼鸟丰度较高，而区域沼泽覆盖对物种丰富度和对丰度均有正向影响。这些发现为湿地建设和恢复项目提供了宝贵的反馈，有助于确保未来的举措能够改善其生物多样性保护成果。

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引用次数: 0

Integrating multidimensional biodiversity into spatial conservation planning to bridge conservation gaps in China 将多维生物多样性纳入空间保护规划以弥补中国的保护缺口

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111664

Yunzhi Liu , Jiechen Wang , Zhaoning Wu , Ziyi Xu , Kamilan Abulike

Recent studies have increasingly emphasized the value of incorporating taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity into conservation planning. However, few national-scale studies jointly consider these biodiversity dimensions with species-level representation and real-world cost constraints. To address this gap, we developed a scenario-based spatial prioritization framework that jointly considers multidimensional biodiversity indicators, species distributions, and implementation feasibility for terrestrial mammals in China. We designed six spatial prioritization scenarios using the prioritizr package, applying a minimum shortfall objective under fixed budget constraints. In cost-free scenarios, the budget was set to 30 % of planning units by area, while cost-informed scenarios allocated 10 % of total implementation cost. We identified priority areas totaling ~2,576,300 km² (27.21 % of the national study area), classified by consistency across scenarios into three levels: level 1 (131,400 km², high agreement), level 2 (440,200 km², moderate agreement), and level 3 (2,004,700 km², lower agreement but complementary value). When combined with existing protected areas, the integrated network covers ~3,916,200 km² (41.37 % of the national study area). Priority areas were mainly concentrated in the southwestern, western, and southern regions of China, including Yunnan, Sichuan, Xizang, Hainan, Guizhou, Guangxi, and Taiwan. This framework demonstrates how the integration of multidimensional biodiversity and implementation constraints can influence spatial conservation priorities, helping identify feasible and ecologically representative areas for expanding protected area networks. It provides a practical and scalable tool for supporting national and global 30 × 30 targets, and can be readily adapted for conservation planning in other countries facing diverse socio-ecological conditions.

最近的研究越来越强调将分类、系统发育和功能多样性纳入保护规划的价值。然而，很少有国家尺度的研究将这些生物多样性维度与物种水平表征和现实世界的成本约束结合起来考虑。为了解决这一差距，我们开发了一个基于场景的空间优先级框架，该框架综合考虑了中国陆生哺乳动物的多维生物多样性指标、物种分布和实施可行性。我们使用优先排序包设计了六个空间优先排序场景，在固定预算约束下应用最小缺口目标。在无成本方案中，预算设定为按面积划分的规划单位的30%，而成本知情方案则分配总实施成本的10%。我们确定了总计约2,576,300平方公里（占全国研究面积的27.21%）的优先区域，根据不同情景的一致性分为三个级别：1级（131,400平方公里，高度一致），2级（440,200平方公里，中等一致）和3级（2,004,700平方公里，一致性较低但具有互补价值）。与现有保护区相结合，综合网络覆盖面积约391.62万平方公里，占全国研究面积的41.37%。重点地区主要集中在中国的西南、西部和南部地区，包括云南、四川、西藏、海南、贵州、广西和台湾。该框架展示了多维生物多样性和实施限制的整合如何影响空间保护优先事项，帮助确定扩大保护区网络的可行和具有生态代表性的地区。它为支持国家和全球30 × 30目标提供了实用和可扩展的工具，并且可以很容易地适用于面临不同社会生态条件的其他国家的保护规划。

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引用次数: 0

The Bird Gap: Using U.S. State Birds as Indicators of Climate Impacts and Nature Access Across racial groups 鸟类差距：使用美国州鸟作为气候影响和跨种族自然获取的指标

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111667

Abby Luna, Tyler N. McFadden

Biodiversity and access to nature are often distributed unequally by race, income, age, and other socioeconomic factors. Climate change and associated biodiversity losses may reshape human-biodiversity interactions and exacerbate existing inequalities. In this study, we examined the combined effects of climate change and race on access to nature in the United States. Specifically, we used U.S. state birds as a case study illustrating a novel approach for measuring access to culturally relevant species. By overlaying published species distribution models with U.S. Census data, we quantified access to state birds for 328 million U.S. residents and analyzed how access changed under multiple warming scenarios. We found that 84.6 % of residents have access to their state bird under the current climate. Access decreased to 79.4, 75.4, and 71.4 % under 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0 °C warming scenarios, respectively. In the 3.0 °C scenario, 43.3 million fewer people would be able to see their state bird in their own neighborhood. People of Color and White residents currently experience similar access in most states (6 have a racial gap of >5 %) and climate change had inconsistent effects on racial disparities. However, access to state birds is likely contingent on species ecology, patterns of human settlement, and people's capability, opportunity, and motivation to observe their state bird. We discuss three case studies that exemplify common patterns of changing access to state birds. Our study underscores the deep human cost of biodiversity loss and demonstrates an approach assessing inequities in access to culturally important species.

生物多样性和对自然的获取往往因种族、收入、年龄和其他社会经济因素而分配不均。气候变化和相关的生物多样性丧失可能重塑人类与生物多样性的相互作用，并加剧现有的不平等。在这项研究中，我们研究了气候变化和种族对美国大自然的综合影响。具体来说，我们使用美国州鸟作为案例研究，说明了一种测量文化相关物种获取的新方法。通过将已发表的物种分布模型与美国人口普查数据叠加，我们量化了3.28亿美国居民对州鸟的获取，并分析了在多种变暖情景下获取途径的变化。我们发现，在目前的气候条件下，84.6%的居民可以接触到他们的州鸟。在1.5°C、2.0°C和3.0°C变暖情景下，获取率分别降至79.4、75.4和71.4%。在3.0°C的情况下，4330万人将无法在自己的社区看到他们的州鸟。目前，在大多数州，有色人种和白人居民的入学机会相似（6个州的种族差距为5%），气候变化对种族差异的影响并不一致。然而，是否能接触到州鸟可能取决于物种生态、人类居住模式以及人们观察其州鸟的能力、机会和动机。我们讨论了三个案例研究，说明了州鸟获取途径变化的常见模式。我们的研究强调了生物多样性丧失对人类造成的巨大损失，并展示了一种评估文化上重要物种获取不平等的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Social media data reveal novel habitats for invasive species 社交媒体数据揭示了入侵物种的新栖息地

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111668

Shawan Chowdhury , Rochita Debnath , Niloy Hawladar , Scarlett R. Howard , Kathryn A. Hodgins , Bob B.M. Wong , Ivan Jarić

Invasive alien species pose significant threats to biodiversity, yet their distributions remain poorly documented across much of the tropics. Using Bangladesh, a megapopulated tropical country, we combine species distribution data from Facebook and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) to evaluate how data integration improves invasive alien species distribution. Our compiled dataset contains 11,455 occurrence records for 65 species. Although Facebook contributed only 6 % of the total records, it provided more data than GBIF for two-thirds of the species and served as the unique source of distribution data for 23 species. Incorporating Facebook data increased estimated range sizes for 44 species and expanded the spatial extent of species distributions by 14 %. Facebook records also exhibited distinct environmental patterns, often in urban and human-impacted areas. We demonstrate that social media can help fill critical biodiversity data gaps in under-sampled regions and should be integrated into invasive species monitoring and conservation planning frameworks.

外来入侵物种对生物多样性构成了重大威胁，但它们在热带大部分地区的分布记录却很少。我们利用人口众多的热带国家孟加拉国，结合Facebook和全球生物多样性信息设施（GBIF）的物种分布数据，评估数据整合如何改善外来入侵物种分布。我们编译的数据集包含65个物种的11,455条发生记录。虽然Facebook只贡献了全部记录的6%，但它提供了比GBIF更多的三分之二物种的数据，并且是23个物种分布数据的唯一来源。结合Facebook数据增加了44个物种的估计范围大小，并将物种分布的空间范围扩大了14%。Facebook的记录也显示出不同的环境模式，通常是在城市和受人类影响的地区。我们证明，社交媒体可以帮助填补采样不足地区的关键生物多样性数据空白，并应纳入入侵物种监测和保护规划框架。

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引用次数: 0

Balancing renewable energy and biodiversity: Assessing solar farm effects on bat activity 平衡可再生能源和生物多样性：评估太阳能农场对蝙蝠活动的影响

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111661

Alice Baudouin , Nicolas Hette-Tronquart , Céline Brun , Nicolas Gay , Vivien Chartendrault , Christian Kerbiriou

Rapid expansion of renewable energy infrastructure is essential for climate change mitigation but may lead to trade-offs with biodiversity conservation. Although solar energy is among the fastest-growing renewable technologies worldwide, its ecological impacts remain poorly understood. Recent studies indicate that ground-mounted solar farms can reduce bat activity and alter community composition, with effects varying among species and site contexts (Barré & Baudouin et al., 2024; Szabadi et al., 2023; Tinsley et al., 2023). However, these findings are limited geographically and rarely cover Mediterranean ecosystems. To address this knowledge gap, this study investigates the effects of ground-mounted solar farms on bat activity in the French Mediterranean region—a hotspot for photovoltaic installations, by conducting standardized acoustic surveys at 15 solar farms. Bat activity was measured both inside solar farm cores/edges and in surrounding habitats, and the effects of farm size, panel technology, vegetation management, and farm age were analyzed using Generalized Linear Mixed Models. Results revealed that bat activity was significantly lower within solar farms for multiple species and guilds, with further reductions toward the core zones; fixed panel systems were associated with more bat activity than single-axis trackers, and vegetation management had species-specific outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of strategic planning, environmental impact assessments using Before-After-Control-Impact designs, and the prioritization of brownfields for solar development to minimize negative effects on bat populations. Integrating ecological mitigation strategies in solar farm design and management is crucial to achieving sustainable energy transition aligned with biodiversity conservation.

迅速扩大可再生能源基础设施对于减缓气候变化至关重要，但可能导致与生物多样性保护之间的权衡。尽管太阳能是世界上发展最快的可再生能源技术之一，但人们对它的生态影响知之甚少。最近的研究表明，地面太阳能农场可以减少蝙蝠的活动并改变群落组成，其影响因物种和地点环境而异（barr等人，2024；Szabadi等人，2023；Tinsley等人，2023）。然而，这些发现在地理上是有限的，很少涵盖地中海生态系统。为了解决这一知识差距，本研究通过对15个太阳能农场进行标准化声学调查，调查了法国地中海地区地面太阳能农场对蝙蝠活动的影响，该地区是光伏装置的热点。研究人员测量了太阳能农场核心/边缘和周围栖息地的蝙蝠活动，并使用广义线性混合模型分析了农场规模、面板技术、植被管理和农场年龄的影响。结果表明，在多个物种和行会的太阳能发电场内，蝙蝠的活动显著降低，向核心区进一步减少；固定面板系统比单轴跟踪器与更多蝙蝠活动相关，植被管理具有物种特异性结果。这些发现强调了战略规划的重要性，采用控制前后影响设计进行环境影响评估，以及优先考虑棕地的太阳能开发，以尽量减少对蝙蝠种群的负面影响。将生态缓解战略纳入太阳能发电场的设计和管理，对于实现与生物多样性保护相一致的可持续能源转型至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Demographic patch size thresholds from a wader population guide optimal management areas for grasslands 从涉水人口统计斑块大小阈值指导最佳管理区域的草原

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111662

Veli-Matti Pakanen , Mikko Oranen , Nelli Rönkä , Kari Koivula

Habitat management alone is often unable to reverse wader population declines because it doesn't address high predation rates of eggs and chicks. Focusing restoration on habitat features that reduce predation may be the key for successful management. Breeding patch size may be crucial for the reproductive success of waders, but very few studies have considered all important demographic variables when estimating patch size thresholds. We used long-term life-history data from an endangered Southern Dunlin (Calidris alpina schinzii) population breeding on Baltic coastal meadows to find optimal patch sizes for management. We tested for patch size effects on nest survival, nest predation, juvenile survival (from hatching to age one) and adult survival. We then used matrix models to examine patch size thresholds on predicted population growth rates and give guidelines on management decisions regarding patch size. Nest survival increased strongly with patch size among early nests from 24 % (10 ha) to 62 % (200 ha), but the effect became smaller as the breeding season progressed. Nest predation rates were the main determinant of the nest survival pattern. Juvenile survival was highest among chicks originating from medium sized meadows (120-150 ha) whereas adult survival showed no response to the natal patch size. Predicted population growth rates summarizing these responses showed clear patch size thresholds: population growth rates were < 1 among patches smaller than 90 ha. Hence, we recommend that managed grassland habitat patches for breeding birds should be an absolute minimum of 90 ha but preferably 120–150 ha in size to maintain population viability.

栖息地管理本身往往无法扭转涉禽数量的下降，因为它不能解决鸡蛋和小鸡的高捕食率。将恢复重点放在减少捕食的栖息地特征上可能是成功管理的关键。繁殖斑块的大小可能对涉禽的繁殖成功至关重要，但很少有研究在估计斑块大小阈值时考虑到所有重要的人口统计学变量。本研究利用波罗的海沿岸草甸上濒临灭绝的南杜林（Calidris alpina schinzii）种群繁殖的长期生活史数据，寻找适合管理的最佳斑块大小。我们测试了斑块大小对巢穴生存、巢穴捕食、幼崽生存（从孵化到1岁）和成虫生存的影响。然后，我们使用矩阵模型来检验预测人口增长率的斑块大小阈值，并给出有关斑块大小的管理决策指南。早期巢的成活率随着斑块大小的增加而显著增加，从24%（10公顷）增加到62%（200公顷），但随着繁殖季节的推进，这种影响逐渐减小。巢捕食率是巢生存模式的主要决定因素。来自中等大小草地（120-150公顷）的雏鸟存活率最高，而成虫存活率与出生斑块大小没有关系。综合这些响应，预测的人口增长率显示出明确的斑块大小阈值：在小于90 ha的斑块中，人口增长率为1。因此，我们建议用于繁殖鸟类的管理草原栖息地斑块的绝对最小面积应为90公顷，但最好为120-150公顷，以保持种群的生存能力。

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引用次数: 0