Biological Conservation最新文献_第3页

Small grants advance global ocean conservation and management equity 小额赠款促进全球海洋保护和管理平等

IF 4.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110845

Elizabeth H. Stephenson , Bess-Lyn Edwards , Emily Duwan , Benny Berger , Asha de Vos , Kerstin Forsberg , Nelly Isigi Kadagi , Michael F. Tlusty , Jessica V. Redfern

Threats to ocean health are not distributed equally among nations: low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are disproportionately impacted by conservation threats, which are frequently driven by high-income countries (HICs). These inequities and resultant challenges have been driven by a long history of colonialism and resource exploitation by HICs. There has been a growing recognition that these colonial practices and inequities have been perpetuated in the ocean science and conservation fields. This recognition has led to increased discourse about the need for social equity in ocean science and conservation. We explore the potential of small grants programs to address conservation challenges in a manner that promotes management equity (one component of social equity) by reviewing the characteristics and outcomes of projects funded in the first 21 years (1999–2020) of the Marine Conservation Action Fund (MCAF), a small grants program focused on global ocean conservation. Our review of MCAF provides evidence that small grants advance global ocean conservation and management equity. We highlight characteristics of grants programs that enable lasting conservation impacts: openness to risk and responsiveness to emerging conservation needs. To promote management equity in conservation science and practice, we recommend ensuring funding is accessible to project leaders and local organizations in LMICs, providing flexibility in proposal and reporting structures, supporting the design and implementation of projects that are driven by local priorities, providing support to projects that engage stakeholders in developing solutions, and seeking input from the leaders the program serves.

海洋健康所面临的威胁在各国之间的分布并不均等：中低收入国家（LMICs）受保护威胁的影响尤为严重，而这些威胁往往是由高收入国家（HICs）造成的。长期的殖民主义和高收入国家对资源的掠夺导致了这些不平等现象和由此带来的挑战。越来越多的人认识到，这些殖民主义做法和不公平现象在海洋科学和保护领域长期存在。这种认识促使人们越来越多地讨论海洋科学和保护领域社会公平的必要性。海洋保护行动基金（MCAF）是一个专注于全球海洋保护的小额赠款项目，我们通过回顾该基金前 21 年（1999-2020 年）资助项目的特点和成果，探讨了小额赠款项目以促进管理公平（社会公平的一个组成部分）的方式应对保护挑战的潜力。我们对 MCAF 的审查提供了小额赠款促进全球海洋保护和管理公平的证据。我们强调了能够产生持久保护影响的赠款计划的特点：对风险的开放性和对新出现的保护需求的响应性。为了促进保护科学和实践中的管理公平，我们建议确保低收入和中等收入国家的项目领导者和当地组织能够获得资金，在提案和报告结构方面提供灵活性，支持由当地优先事项驱动的项目设计和实施，为让利益相关者参与制定解决方案的项目提供支持，并寻求项目所服务的领导者的意见。

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引用次数: 0

A perverse effect of captive propagation? The federally unprotected status of the eastern hellbender (Cryptobranchus a. alleganiensis) 人工繁殖的反常效应？东部地狱蝠（Cryptobranchus a. alleganiensis）的联邦非保护地位

IF 4.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110864

Ryan Gunderson

Some scientists worry that the use of captive propagation as a conservation tool can unintentionally divert attention and resources from habitat protection. This concern was vindicated in the case of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's April 2019 decision that the eastern hellbender, a giant, aquatic salamander that has experienced population declines for decades, does not warrant listing as endangered or threatened under the Endangered Species Act. This paper examines the case history, resulting lawsuit, social context, and paradoxes of this listing determination, where the aspirations of well-intentioned captive rearing programs were used as a pretext for denying the need for additional protections, a result that is best understood in light of discussions about perverse effects and unintended consequences in biodiversity policy and law.

一些科学家担心，将人工繁殖作为一种保护工具会无意中转移对栖息地保护的关注和资源。美国鱼类和野生动物管理局于 2019 年 4 月做出决定，根据《濒危物种法》，东部地狱蝾螈--一种数十年来经历了种群数量下降的巨大水生蝾螈--不需要被列为濒危或受威胁物种，这一案例证明了这种担忧是正确的。本文探讨了这一案例的历史、由此引发的诉讼、社会背景以及列入决定的悖论，其中善意的人工饲养项目的愿望被用作否认需要额外保护的借口，这一结果最好从生物多样性政策和法律中的反常效应和意外后果的讨论中加以理解。

引用次数: 0

Engaging citizens to monitor pollinators through a nationwide BioBlitz: Lessons learned and challenges remaining after four years 通过全国范围内的 "生物闪电战"，让公民参与监测授粉昆虫：四年后的经验教训和挑战

IF 4.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110868

Francisco E. Fontúrbel , José P.A. García , Juan L. Celis-Diez , Maureen M. Murúa , Lorena Vieli , Javiera Díaz-Forestier

Pollination is a key mutualistic interaction between animals and flowering plants, generating biodiversity and providing valuable ecosystem services. However, a pollination crisis occurs because anthropogenic disturbance affects pollinators and their habitats, risking biodiversity and food security. Also, the lack of evidence-based knowledge may worsen disturbance effects by delaying decision-making and conservation actions. Citizen science plays an important role in data gathering by engaging volunteers in obtaining such information. Here, we present the results of four years of pollinator occurrence data from a series of targeted BioBlitz events conducted each November from 2020 to 2023 in Chile. We obtained a total of 6327 records (identified to the species or genus level), corresponding to 569 species from 44 families, collected along the Chilean territory, a 10-fold increase compared to the pre-BioBlitz period (2016–2019). The most frequent species were the butterfly Vanessa carye, the invasive bees Bombus terrestris and Apis mellifera, and the native bumblebee Bombus dahlbomii. Despite inter-annual abundance fluctuations, species composition was similar over time. The most recorded families were Apidae, Syrphidade, Nymphalidae, and Buprestidae. This nationwide multi-year citizen science survey allowed us to collect an impressive dataset that would have been unattainable by scientists alone. Furthermore, we obtained valuable information for monitoring threatened (e.g., B. dahlbomii) or invasive species (e.g., B. terrestris) over space and time, aiding decision-making and conservation efforts. Engaging people in pollinator monitoring strengthens human-nature connections and fosters conservation attitudes.

授粉是动物与开花植物之间的一种重要的互利互动关系，可产生生物多样性并提供宝贵的生态系统服务。然而，授粉危机的出现是因为人为干扰影响了授粉者及其栖息地，危及生物多样性和粮食安全。此外，缺乏以证据为基础的知识可能会延误决策和保护行动，从而加剧干扰的影响。通过让志愿者参与获取此类信息，公民科学在数据收集方面发挥了重要作用。在此，我们介绍了从 2020 年到 2023 年每年 11 月在智利开展的一系列有针对性的生物 "闪电"（BioBlitz）活动所获得的四年传粉昆虫发生数据的结果。我们在智利境内共收集到 6327 条记录（鉴定到种或属一级），对应 44 科 569 种，与生物litz 活动前（2016-2019 年）相比增加了 10 倍。最常见的物种是蝴蝶 Vanessa carye、入侵蜂 Bombus terrestris 和 Apis mellifera 以及本地熊蜂 Bombus dahlbomii。尽管年际丰度会有波动，但物种组成在不同时期是相似的。记录最多的科是蛛科、蚜科、蛱蝶科和熊蜂科。这项全国范围的多年公民科学调查让我们收集到了一个令人印象深刻的数据集，而单靠科学家的力量是无法实现的。此外，我们还获得了宝贵的信息，可用于监测濒危物种（如 B.dahlbomii）或入侵物种（如 B.terrestris）的空间和时间，为决策和保护工作提供帮助。让人们参与授粉昆虫监测可以加强人与自然的联系，培养保护态度。

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引用次数: 0

Vaccination of endangered wildlife as a conservation tool: Hindsights and new horizons in the pandemic era 将濒危野生动物疫苗接种作为一种保护工具：大流行病时代的后见之明和新视野

IF 4.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110842

Frances M.D. Gulland , Michelle Barbieri , Sarah Cleaveland , Martin Gilbert , Ailsa J. Hall , Tonie E. Rocke

Vaccines are an established conservation tool that can reduce the threat of infectious disease in endangered wildlife populations. Vaccines exist for many infectious pathogens, and at a time of rapid technological advances in vaccinology, developing vaccines and vaccination programs for free-living endangered wildlife could help efforts to prevent extinctions from disease threats. Vaccination efforts could focus on protecting members of the target species or could be directed at reservoir populations to prevent pathogen spillover. Vaccination strategies need to be substantiated by research on safety and effectiveness, include risk and feasibility assessments, account for differences in host biology and disease epidemiology, and align with relevant regulatory frameworks. Engagement with stakeholders and the public is important to ensure the success of endangered species vaccination programs. Challenges such as funding, regulation, and societal acceptance are barriers to progress in vaccination programs for some species and geographic regions. We recommend the development of scientifically based international guidelines and a transdisciplinary forum with a specific emphasis on endangered wildlife vaccination. New technologies could be used collaboratively to prevent transmission of diseases for which vaccines are not currently available. Careful approaches and enhanced collaborations could help ensure the successful development of wildlife vaccination programs and promote resilience of endangered wildlife populations to increasing anthropogenic and environmental stressors on biodiversity.

疫苗是一种成熟的保护工具，可以减少传染病对濒危野生动物种群的威胁。在疫苗学技术飞速发展的今天，为自由生活的濒危野生动物开发疫苗和疫苗接种计划有助于防止疾病威胁造成的物种灭绝。疫苗接种工作可以侧重于保护目标物种的成员，也可以针对蓄养种群以防止病原体外溢。疫苗接种策略需要得到安全性和有效性研究的证实，包括风险和可行性评估，考虑宿主生物学和疾病流行病学的差异，并与相关监管框架保持一致。利益相关者和公众的参与对于确保濒危物种疫苗接种计划的成功非常重要。资金、监管和社会接受度等挑战阻碍了某些物种和地理区域疫苗接种计划的进展。我们建议制定以科学为基础的国际指南，并建立一个跨学科论坛，特别强调濒危野生动物疫苗接种。可以合作使用新技术来预防目前还没有疫苗的疾病的传播。谨慎的方法和加强合作有助于确保野生动物疫苗接种计划的成功制定，并促进濒危野生动物种群抵御生物多样性所面临的日益增加的人为和环境压力。

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引用次数: 0

Biological invasion is eroding the unique assembly of island herpetofauna worldwide 生物入侵正在侵蚀世界各地岛屿爬行动物的独特组合

IF 4.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110853

Weishan Tu , Yuanbao Du , Yoel E. Stuart , Yanxia Li , Yanping Wang , Qingfa Wu , Baocheng Guo , Xuan Liu

Island ecosystems have significant conservation value owing to their higher endemic biotas. Moreover, studies of regional communities that compare differences in species composition (species dissimilarity) among islands and the mainland suggest that community assembly on islands is different from that on the mainland. However, the uniqueness of island biotic assembly has been little studied at the global scale, nor have phylogenetic information or alien species been considered in these patterns. We evaluate taxonomic and phylogenetic change from one community to the next, focusing on differences in species composition between mainland-mainland (M-M) pairs compared to differences between mainland-island pairs (M-I) and between island-island pairs (I-I), using herpetofauna on islands and adjacent mainland areas worldwide. Our analyses detect greater taxonomic and phylogenetic dissimilarity for M-I and I-I comparisons than predicted by M-M model, indicating different island herpetofauna assembly patterns compared with mainland counterparts across the world. However, this higher M-I dissimilarity has been significantly decreased after considering alien species. Our results provide global evidence on the importance of island biodiversity conservation from the aspect of both the taxonomic and phylogenetic uniqueness of island biotic assembly.

岛屿生态系统因其特有生物种类较多而具有重要的保护价值。此外，比较岛屿和大陆物种组成差异（物种差异性）的区域群落研究表明，岛屿上的群落组合与大陆上的群落组合不同。然而，在全球范围内对岛屿生物组合的独特性研究很少，在这些模式中也没有考虑系统发育信息或外来物种。我们利用全球岛屿和邻近大陆地区的爬行动物，评估了从一个群落到另一个群落的分类和系统发育变化，重点是大陆-大陆（M-M）之间物种组成的差异，以及大陆-岛屿（M-I）之间和岛屿-岛屿（I-I）之间物种组成的差异。我们的分析发现，与 M-M 模型预测的结果相比，M-I 和 I-I 比较的分类学和系统发育差异更大，这表明全球岛屿爬行动物的集结模式与大陆爬行动物的集结模式不同。然而，在考虑了外来物种之后，这种较高的 M-I 差异性明显降低。我们的研究结果从岛屿生物集结的分类学和系统发育独特性两方面为岛屿生物多样性保护的重要性提供了全球性证据。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing efficacy in MPA design decisions using a bespoke and interactive fisheries management tool 利用定制的交互式渔业管理工具评估海洋保护区设计决策的有效性

IF 4.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110848

Oliver T. Hogg , Matthew Kerr , Lenka Fronkova , Roi Martinez , William Procter , Lisa Readdy , Christopher Darby

Large marine protected areas (LMPAs) represent one of the main strategic options for achieving international targets on mitigating biodiversity loss and ensuring habitat protection. Many LMPAs incorporate some multi-use elements within their design, such as provisions for managed fisheries. This adds complexity to MPA design, requiring prioritisation of spatial closures to ensure design efficacy. Using a subantarctic island case study, here we present a novel, bespoke and interactive ‘Risk Tool’. The tool utilises historic fisheries data to quantify the ecosystem impacts of current longline fishing and simulates the change in risk profile due to fishing displacement resulting from potential MPA redesigns on associated species and ecosystems.

大型海洋保护区（LMPAs）是实现减缓生物多样性丧失和确保栖息地保护的国际目标的主要战略选择之一。许多大型海洋保护区在其设计中纳入了一些多用途元素，如管理渔业的规定。这增加了海洋保护区设计的复杂性，需要确定空间封闭的优先次序，以确保设计的有效性。通过对一个亚南极岛屿的案例研究，我们在此介绍一种新颖、定制和互动的 "风险工具"。该工具利用历史渔业数据对当前延绳钓捕鱼对生态系统的影响进行量化，并模拟潜在 MPA 重新设计对相关物种和生态系统造成的捕捞转移所带来的风险概况变化。

引用次数: 0

Conservation in agricultural landscapes: Impact of privately managed interventions on habitat condition and woody cover 农业景观的保护：私人管理干预措施对生境条件和林木覆盖的影响

IF 4.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110850

Natasha Stoudmann , Pierre Defourny , Matt Appleby , Jason Byrne , Vanessa Adams

Agricultural landscapes often overlap with areas of high biodiversity. Conservation efforts in these areas have the potential to play a pivotal role in mitigating biodiversity loss and supporting global conservation targets. This study investigates the effectiveness of private conservation interventions established in an agricultural landscape and biodiversity hotspot of Tasmania, Australia. Using a synthetic control design, we assessed two interventions: conservation covenants, which limit disturbances, and a stewardship program emphasizing active management. Our analysis, segmented by dominant vegetation group, examines both habitat condition and woody cover. Results indicate substantial variability both within and between programmes. The stewardship programme generally improved habitat conditions for native grasslands and grassy woodlands, although increased woody cover in native grasslands was a negative outcome. Conservation covenants had positive effects on grassy woodlands and modified agricultural land but were less effective in native grasslands. The study highlights challenges in private conservation, such as balancing landowner engagement with conservation goals and ensuring consistent monitoring. Long-term monitoring and adaptive management are crucial for sustainable ecological benefits, and integrating privately managed conservation efforts with public reserves has the potential to help achieving global biodiversity targets. Insights from this research can guide future conservation strategies, promoting effective management practices in working landscapes.

农业景观往往与生物多样性丰富的地区重叠。这些地区的保护工作有可能在减少生物多样性损失和支持全球保护目标方面发挥关键作用。本研究调查了在澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚的农业景观和生物多样性热点地区建立的私人保护干预措施的有效性。通过合成对照设计，我们评估了两种干预措施：限制干扰的保护契约和强调积极管理的监管计划。我们的分析按主要植被群组划分，同时考察了栖息地条件和林木覆盖率。结果表明，方案内部和方案之间都存在很大差异。管理计划总体上改善了原生草地和草地林地的栖息地条件，但原生草地林木覆盖率的增加是一个负面结果。保护契约对草地林地和改良农田有积极影响，但对原生草地的效果较差。该研究强调了私人保护所面临的挑战，如在土地所有者的参与与保护目标之间取得平衡，以及确保一致的监测。长期监测和适应性管理对实现可持续生态效益至关重要，将私人管理的保护工作与公共保护区结合起来有可能有助于实现全球生物多样性目标。这项研究的启示可以指导未来的保护战略，促进工作景观的有效管理实践。

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引用次数: 0

Identification of biodiversity priority conservation areas in China by integrating genetic, species and ecosystem diversity 综合基因、物种和生态系统多样性，确定中国生物多样性优先保护区

IF 4.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110854

Yunzhi Liu , Jiechen Wang , Zhaoning Wu , Siqing Li , Wenyu Dai

Genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity are the three fundamental levels of biodiversity, each crucial for identifying priority conservation areas (PCAs). Globally or regionally, the areas with the highest genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity are not necessarily the same. To comprehensively represent biodiversity, this study fully considers these three fundamental levels from the foundational concept of biodiversity. We applied systematic conservation planning theory to develop an integrated framework for identifying PCAs for key protected species in China. We used species richness (SR), weighted endemism (WE), phylogenetic diversity (PD), evolutionary distinctiveness (ED), phylogenetic endemism (PE), and ecosystem service value (ESV) as conservation indicators and built different scenarios in Zonation. The results show that the total area of PCAs is approximately 3.29 million km², accounting for about 34.29 % of China's total land area. More than half (approximately 52.21 %) of existing protected areas (PAs) overlap with the PCAs, indicating that current PAs are somewhat effective in biodiversity protection. However, there are still some PCAs that are not located within PAs, suggesting a significant potential for expanding the PAs network. Additionally, the distribution of newly established national park pilot areas aligns well with that of the PCAs, demonstrating the effectiveness of national park policies in protecting biodiversity. This study bridges traditional ecological theory with practical conservation planning, offering new insights into the theoretical methods and practical applications for identifying PCAs. It also provides valuable guidance for the selection and adjustment of PCAs in other regions globally.

遗传、物种和生态系统多样性是生物多样性的三个基本层面，对于确定优先保护区（PCA）至关重要。在全球或区域范围内，遗传、物种和生态系统多样性最高的地区并不一定相同。为了全面体现生物多样性，本研究从生物多样性的基本概念出发，充分考虑了这三个基本层次。我们运用系统保护规划理论建立了一个综合框架，用于确定中国重点保护物种的 PCA。我们将物种丰富度（SR）、加权特有性（WE）、系统发育多样性（PD）、进化独特性（ED）、系统发育特有性（PE）和生态系统服务价值（ESV）作为保护指标，并在 Zonation 中构建了不同的方案。研究结果表明，PCA 总面积约为 329 万平方公里，约占中国陆地总面积的 34.29%。半数以上（约 52.21%）的现有保护区与保护区重叠，表明现有保护区在一定程度上有效地保护了生物多样性。然而，仍有一些保护区不在保护区内，这表明扩大保护区网络的潜力巨大。此外，新建立的国家公园试点区的分布与保护区的分布十分吻合，表明国家公园政策在保护生物多样性方面的有效性。本研究将传统生态理论与实际保护规划相结合，为确定保护区的理论方法和实际应用提供了新的见解。它还为全球其他地区选择和调整保护区提供了宝贵的指导。

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引用次数: 0

Troubled waters in the land down under: Pervasive threats and high extinction risks demand urgent conservation actions to protect Australia's native freshwater fishes 这片土地上的水域问题重重：无处不在的威胁和极高的灭绝风险要求采取紧急保护行动，以保护澳大利亚本土淡水鱼类

IF 4.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110843

Mark Lintermans , Maiko Lutz , Nick S. Whiterod , Bernd Gruber , Michael P. Hammer , Mark J. Kennard , David L. Morgan , Tarmo A. Raadik , Peter Unmack , Steven Brooks , Brendan C. Ebner , Dean Gilligan , Gavin L. Butler , Glenn Moore , Culum Brown , Rob Freeman , Adam Kerezsy , Chris M. Bice , Matthew C. Le Feuvre , Stephen Beatty , David G. Chapple

We conducted the first comprehensive global assessment of the extinction risk of Australia's native freshwater fishes. Using International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) criteria, 37 % (88 species) of the 241 assessed species were threatened (Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable), with one being Extinct. Lepidogalaxiidae and Neoceratodontidae had the highest level of threat (100 %, both single species families), followed by Galaxiidae (78 % of 40 species), Percichthyidae (62 % of 22 species) and Melanotaeniidae (53 % of 19 species). Northern Australia supported greater species richness, while a concentration of threatened species occurred in the more human-populated areas across southern and eastern drainage divisions, including South West Coast (55 % of species assessed as threatened), Tasmania (54 %) and South East Coast (Victoria) (45 %). Most threatened freshwater fishes qualified for listing based on their restricted geographic ranges (Criterion B: 70 % of all assessments; Criterion D2: 7 %) although population size reduction (Criterion A) was identified in 21 % of species assessments. Key threats to species included invasive and other problematic native species, genes and diseases (92 % of threatened, Near Threatened or Data Deficient species), natural system modifications (82 %), and climate change and severe weather (54 %). Despite the high level of extinction risk, implemented conservation measures for threatened species are presently very limited. A further 17 species were assessed as Near Threatened. This study highlights the imperilled nature of Australian native freshwater fishes and emphasises that targeted conservation measures are urgently needed to avoid imminent extinctions.

我们首次对澳大利亚本土淡水鱼类的灭绝风险进行了全面的全球评估。根据世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）的标准，在241个评估物种中，37%（88个物种）受到威胁（极度濒危、濒危或易危），其中一个物种已经灭绝。Lepidogalaxiidae和Neoceratodontidae受威胁程度最高（100%，均为单一物种科），其次是Galaxiidae（40个物种中的78%）、Percichthyidae（22个物种中的62%）和Melanotaeniidae（19个物种中的53%）。澳大利亚北部的物种更为丰富，而受威胁物种则主要集中在南部和东部排水分区中人口较多的地区，包括西南海岸（55%的物种被评估为受威胁）、塔斯马尼亚（54%）和东南海岸（维多利亚）（45%）。大多数濒危淡水鱼类因其有限的地理范围而被列入名录（标准 B：占所有评估的 70%；标准 D2：7%），但有 21% 的物种评估发现其种群数量减少（标准 A）。物种面临的主要威胁包括入侵物种和其他有问题的本地物种、基因和疾病（占受威胁、接近受威胁或数据不足物种的 92%）、自然系统改变（82%）以及气候变化和恶劣天气（54%）。尽管濒临灭绝的风险很高，但目前针对受威胁物种实施的保护措施非常有限。另有 17 个物种被评估为濒危物种。这项研究凸显了澳大利亚本土淡水鱼类濒临灭绝的现状，并强调急需采取有针对性的保护措施，以避免物种濒临灭绝。

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引用次数: 0

Uncovering the conservation effectiveness of community forests: A case study from Shan State in Myanmar 揭示社区森林的保护成效：缅甸掸邦案例研究

IF 4.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110846

Khin Thu Wint Kyaw, Tetsuji Ota, Nobuya Mizoue, Santos Daniel Chicas

Community forestry is a regime of forest management that engages local communities to conserve forests and improve their livelihoods. As the number of community-conserved forests grows, a growing body of evidence indicates the positive effects of community forests in reducing deforestation. However, there is little analysis encompassing the comprehensive effectiveness of community forests (CFs) in terms of deforestation, forest degradation, forest cover change and forest increase. Here, we conducted a comprehensive analysis to investigate the influence of CFs on these aspects between 2015 and 2019 in two watershed conservation forests in Myanmar. We used visual interpretation of very high-resolution satellite imagery and applied propensity score matching to ensure a balanced distribution of covariates. When compared directly, deforestation inside CFs (5.08 %) were higher than those outside CFs (3.89 %), while forest degradation (23.73 %) and forest increase (11.86 %) inside CFs were lower than those outside CFs (24.9 % and 16.34 %, respectively). However, these differences were not significant, and the matching results showed that CFs did not exhibit significant control over deforestation, forest degradation, forest cover change, and improvements in forest cover compared to areas outside CFs. We conclude that establishing community forests alone does not guarantee forest conservation in the short term. Therefore, community-based forest management practices are needed to address deforestation and forest degradation and achieve effective forest conservation aligned with local needs.

社区林业是一种森林管理制度，让当地社区参与保护森林并改善其生计。随着社区保护林数量的增加，越来越多的证据表明社区森林在减少森林砍伐方面具有积极作用。然而，很少有分析涵盖社区森林在森林砍伐、森林退化、森林植被变化和森林增长方面的综合效果。在此，我们进行了一项综合分析，以调查 2015 年至 2019 年期间社区森林在缅甸两个流域保护森林中对这些方面的影响。我们对高分辨率卫星图像进行了直观解读，并采用倾向得分匹配法确保协变量的均衡分布。直接比较发现，流域保护林内的森林砍伐率（5.08%）高于流域保护林外的森林砍伐率（3.89%），而流域保护林内的森林退化率（23.73%）和森林增加率（11.86%）低于流域保护林外的森林退化率（24.9%）和森林增加率（16.34%）。然而，这些差异并不显著，比对结果表明，与社区森林外的地区相比，社区森林对森林砍伐、森林退化、森林植被变化和森林植被改善的控制并不明显。我们的结论是，仅仅建立社区森林并不能在短期内保证森林保护。因此，需要以社区为基础的森林管理实践来解决森林砍伐和森林退化问题，并根据当地需求实现有效的森林保护。

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引用次数: 0