Biological Conservation最新文献_第2页

Integrating the spatiotemporal connectivity – component effects framework into habitat conservation of migratory species: A case study for Swan Geese along the East Asian–Australasian Flyway 将时空连通性-分量效应框架整合到迁徙物种栖息地保护中——以东亚-澳大拉西亚迁徙路线上的大雁为例

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2026.111774

Cheng Yang , Houlang Duan , Xiubo Yu

Interconnected habitats are essential for migratory species to complete their life cycles. Traditional habitat connectivity assessment methods often neglect temporal interactions, changes over time, as well as the heterogeneous ecological roles of internal habitat components. These limitations hinder the effectiveness of conservation efforts. In this study, we developed a spatiotemporal connectivity - component effects framework to assess habitat distribution, spatiotemporal connectivity, component-level contributions and generated spatially optimized conservation strategies for Swan Goose (Anser cygnoides) along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway. Our results reveal a projected 36%–46% reduction in suitable habitat for Swan Geese under future climate (2050 SSP126/245/585) scenarios compared with that in 2020. Habitat connectivity declined throughout the entire breeding migration continuum, and connectivity levels were generally highest during spring migration, followed by the breeding and wintering stages. Component analysis revealed that habitat connectivity is influenced more by direct linkages between habitat patches (52.4%–72.1%) and stepping stones (13.1%–27.2%) than by internal factors such as patch area (7.7%–24.4%). Under climate change, the contribution of direct connectivity is projected to decrease significantly by 22.0%–39.5%, and the contribution of stepping stones is expected to increase markedly by 26.6%–55.4%. We recommend prioritizing the conservation of high-connectivity habitats (including the middle-lower Yangtze River wetlands, the Yellow-Bohai Sea coastal wetlands, and the Mongolian Plateau wetlands) and key connectivity facilitators/stepping stones (the Hangzhou Bay coastal wetlands, the West Korea Bay coastal wetlands, and the Selenga River Basin wetlands). This adaptable methodology provides a scalable technical paradigm for enhancing global biodiversity conservation efforts for migratory species.

相互联系的栖息地对迁徙物种完成其生命周期至关重要。传统的生境连通性评价方法往往忽视了生境内部组分的时间相互作用、随时间的变化以及异质性生态作用。这些限制阻碍了保护工作的有效性。在本研究中，我们建立了一个时空连通性-成分效应框架，以评估东亚-澳大拉斯迁徙路线上大雁（Anser cygnoides）的栖息地分布、时空连通性、成分水平的贡献，并提出了空间优化的保护策略。研究结果表明，在未来气候（2050年SSP126/245/585）情景下，与2020年相比，雁的适宜栖息地预计减少36%-46%。在整个繁殖迁徙过程中，栖息地连通性都呈下降趋势，春季迁徙期间连通性最高，其次是繁殖期和越冬期。生境连通性主要受生境斑块与铺路石之间直接联系的影响（52.4% ~ 72.1%），而受斑块面积等内部因素的影响（7.7% ~ 24.4%）较小。气候变化条件下，直接连通的贡献将显著降低22.0% ~ 39.5%，铺路石的贡献将显著增加26.6% ~ 55.4%。我们建议优先保护高连通性栖息地（包括长江中下游湿地、黄渤海滨海湿地和蒙古高原湿地）和关键的连通性促进/垫脚石（杭州湾滨海湿地、西朝鲜湾滨海湿地和色伦尕河流域湿地）。这种适应性强的方法为加强全球迁徙物种生物多样性保护工作提供了一种可扩展的技术范式。

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引用次数: 0

Incorporating climate-driven disturbance shifts in population models reveals non-additive dynamics 在人口模型中纳入气候驱动的扰动变化揭示了非加性动态

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2026.111770

Ryan D. O'Connell , Cecil C. Frost , Kevin Gross , William F. Morris

Climate change is anticipated to have direct impacts on future population trends, as increased temperature and changing precipitation patterns shape organisms' survival, growth, and reproduction. Yet climatic shifts also have the potential to influence other environmental drivers and ecological disturbances that shape population dynamics, and thus indirectly affect population persistence, and these indirect effects are less well explored. To assess direct and disturbance-mediated indirect effects of climate change, we used demographic data from a threatened, fire-dependent plant species to construct population models that incorporated global climate model projections of temperature, precipitation, and drought in our study area, as well as a sub-model that generates wildfire probabilities based on annual climate conditions. We then simulated population change from 2025 to 2099 in a factorial setup: running our population model without any future climate change, with direct and indirect climate change effects independently, and with direct and indirect effects together. We found that warming-induced increases in fire frequency tended to outweigh the direct impacts of climate change on demography. We also observed evidence of non-additive relationships between the effects of wildfire and climate drivers on population growth rate under some global climate forecasts. Our results highlight the importance of including potential disturbance regime shifts when assessing population persistence under projected global change scenarios.

预计气候变化将对未来的人口趋势产生直接影响，因为温度升高和降水模式的变化会影响生物的生存、生长和繁殖。然而，气候变化也有可能影响影响人口动态的其他环境驱动因素和生态干扰，从而间接影响人口的持久性，而这些间接影响尚未得到充分探讨。为了评估气候变化的直接和干扰介导的间接影响，我们使用了来自受威胁的、依赖火灾的植物物种的人口统计数据来构建种群模型，该模型包含了我们研究区域的温度、降水和干旱的全球气候模型预测，以及基于年度气候条件生成野火概率的子模型。然后，我们在一个因子设置中模拟了2025年至2099年的人口变化：在没有任何未来气候变化的情况下运行我们的人口模型，分别考虑直接和间接的气候变化影响，以及直接和间接的影响。我们发现，气候变暖导致的火灾频率增加往往超过气候变化对人口的直接影响。我们还观察到在一些全球气候预测下，野火和气候驱动因素对人口增长率的影响之间存在非加性关系。我们的研究结果强调了在预测的全球变化情景下评估种群持久性时，包括潜在干扰状态变化的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Characterizing life frames of nature values in protected areas through participatory mapping 通过参与式绘图描绘保护区自然价值的生命框架

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2026.111766

Marion Jay , Oriol Garcia-Antúnez , Gonzalo Cortés-Capano , Laure Foray , Sandra Lavorel , Margot Neyret , Christopher M. Raymond , Tobias Plieninger

The Life Framework of Values provides a set of archetypes of human-nature relationships (living in, living as, living from, and living with nature). Despite its potential for informing environmental decision-making, empirical research on life frames remains very limited. Such neglect can lead to certain human-nature relationships being under-represented in protected area management. In this study, we apply the Life Framework in combination with spatial analyses to explore links between people’s relationship with nature, and the values they associate with places in and around protected areas. Using public participation GIS (PPGIS) survey data from two regions in France and Germany, we aim to link the life frame approach to spatial assessments of landscape values. We identified three life frames that broadly show a high degree of correspondence with the four conceptual life frames defined in previous works, but also point at permeable and overlapping boundaries: living with and in, living from, and living as nature. We investigated how these life frames related to socio-demographic, recreational profiles, and mapped landscape values. The spatial analysis revealed a small-scale mosaic of overlaps between life frames. Our results support a better understanding and characterization of protected areas that are multifunctional in terms not only of their multiple land uses, but also their multiple meanings to people. We discuss implications for conservation planning, exploring new avenues for plural value assessment and operationalization of the life frames.

《生命价值框架》提供了一套人与自然关系的原型（生活在自然中、生活在自然中、生活在自然中、生活在自然中、生活在自然中、生活在自然中）。尽管它有可能为环境决策提供信息，但对生命框架的实证研究仍然非常有限。这种忽视可能导致某些人与自然的关系在保护区管理中没有得到充分体现。在这项研究中，我们将生命框架与空间分析相结合，探索人与自然的关系，以及他们与保护区内外的地方相关联的价值观之间的联系。利用来自法国和德国两个地区的公众参与GIS （PPGIS）调查数据，我们旨在将生命框架方法与景观价值的空间评估联系起来。我们确定了三种生命框架，它们与之前作品中定义的四种概念生命框架广泛地表现出高度的对应关系，但也指向可渗透和重叠的边界：与自然共存，与自然共存，与自然共生，与自然共生，与自然共生。我们调查了这些生命框架与社会人口统计学、娱乐概况和景观价值的关系。空间分析揭示了生命框架之间的小规模重叠。我们的研究结果支持更好地理解和表征多功能保护区，不仅在其多种土地用途方面，而且在其对人们的多重意义方面。我们讨论了保护规划的意义，探索了多元价值评估和生命框架运作的新途径。

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引用次数: 0

Conservation potential of offshore windfarms for epibenthic invertebrates and fish communities in a heavily used regional sea 海上风电场对大量使用的区域海洋中底栖无脊椎动物和鱼类群落的保护潜力

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2026.111771

W. Nikolaus Probst , Jennifer Rehren , Casper Kraan , Holger Haslob , Hermann Neumann , Carsten Lemmen , Shubham Krishna , Maren Kruse , Kai Wirtz , Vanessa Stelzenmüller

The Southern North Sea (SNS) has become a hub for installation of offshore renewables (OWF). Until 2040 large proportions of the SNS seascape will host fixed marine infrastructure for offshore wind farms. In parallel, the European Union urges member states to implement spatially conservation policies, leading to a network of marine protected areas (MPA). In MPA and OWF, demersal trawling will be restricted or prohibited and thereby could provide refuge for epibenthic invertebrates and demersal fish. Here we analysed the potential of the MPA and OWF networks to protect these two species groups by analysing the overlap between species' core areas (CA) and MPA/OWF sites. We defined core areas (CA) of species distributions based on modelled distributions of 177 epibenthic invertebrate and fish species, of which we identified 19 species of conservation concern. We further used a spatial optimisation algorithm to identify the areal demand for two coverage targets for the 19 species of conservation concern (10% and 30%). A 10%-CA coverage for all but three out of 19 species of could be achieved within the existing MPA network, a 30%-coverage could be achieved for only 13 species. Including existing and OWF planned until 2040 could help to achieve a coverage of 10% for all 19 species and would at least a 25%-coverage for all 19 species. Our results demonstrate the potential to co-locate areas of human activities with conservation areas by applying species distribution models in combination with spatial optimization tools to support regional conservation targets.

北海南部（SNS）已成为海上可再生能源（OWF）的安装中心。到2040年，SNS的大部分海景将为海上风力发电场提供固定的海洋基础设施。与此同时，欧盟敦促成员国实施空间保护政策，形成海洋保护区（MPA）网络。在海洋保护区和自然保护区，底栖拖网捕鱼将受到限制或禁止，从而为底栖无脊椎动物和底栖鱼类提供庇护。本文通过分析物种核心区（CA）与保护区/野生动物保护区之间的重叠，分析了保护区和野生动物保护区网络对这两个物种群的保护潜力。基于177种底栖无脊椎动物和鱼类的分布模型，我们确定了物种分布的核心区（CA），其中我们确定了19种受保护的物种。我们进一步使用空间优化算法来确定19个受保护物种的两个覆盖目标（10%和30%）的面积需求。在现有的保护区网络中，19个物种中只有3个物种的ca覆盖率达到10%，只有13个物种的ca覆盖率达到30%。包括现有的和计划到2040年的OWF，可以帮助实现所有19个物种10%的覆盖率，并至少达到所有19个物种25%的覆盖率。研究结果表明，物种分布模型与空间优化工具相结合，可以为区域保护目标提供支持，从而实现人类活动区域与保护区的共定位。

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引用次数: 0

Contribution and applications of demographic concepts to conservation 人口统计学概念对自然保护的贡献和应用

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2026.111776

Christie Le Coeur , Jan Perret , Aurélien Besnard , Sarah Cubaynes , Célian Monchy , Marwan Naciri , Mónia Nakamura , Olivier Gimenez

Studying the demographic processes that shape how populations respond to environmental changes has long provided insights for conservation biology. Recent theoretical advances have deepened our understanding of these processes, yet their application in conservation remains unclear. We conducted a literature search to examine how six key demographic concepts — life-history trade-offs, the fast–slow continuum, temporal covariation among demographic parameters, demographic buffering and lability, individual heterogeneity and transient dynamics — have been used in conservation, and discussed their potential benefits and limitations.

Their applications fall into three main categories: improving estimates of demographic parameters, population dynamics, and extinction risk; predicting the magnitude and duration of population responses to disturbances or conservation actions; and identifying the demographic processes most relevant for guiding conservation decisions. Individual heterogeneity and the fast–slow continuum were widely used, likely due to their low data and analytical requirements, allowing broad predictions of species' vulnerability and informing conservation decisions. Trade-offs explained how populations adapt to anthropogenic disturbances, invasions or conservation actions. Conversely, temporal covariation and buffering–lability were rarely applied, despite their value for improving projections and assessing populations' capacity to cope with environmental variability. Limited use reflects data and modelling needs, and, for temporal covariation, lack of direct conservation guidance. Transient dynamics, highlighting short-term responses and demographic resilience, are relevant because they match the timescale of many conservation projects.

We argue that even modest monitoring efforts can capture essential demographic processes, and that their systematic integration, directly or via inference from related systems, could strengthen long-term conservation outcomes.

长期以来，研究影响人口对环境变化的反应的人口过程为保护生物学提供了见解。最近的理论进展加深了我们对这些过程的理解，但它们在保护中的应用仍不清楚。我们进行了文献检索，研究了六个关键的人口统计学概念——生活史权衡、快-慢连续体、人口参数间的时间共变、人口缓冲和不稳定性、个体异质性和瞬态动态——如何在保护中使用，并讨论了它们的潜在好处和局限性。它们的应用主要分为三大类：改进对人口参数、种群动态和灭绝风险的估计；预测种群对干扰或保护行动的反应程度和持续时间；并确定与指导保护决策最相关的人口统计过程。个体异质性和快慢连续体被广泛使用，可能是因为它们对数据和分析的要求较低，可以对物种的脆弱性进行广泛的预测，并为保护决策提供信息。权衡解释了种群如何适应人为干扰、入侵或保护行动。相反，时间共变和缓冲不稳定性很少得到应用，尽管它们在改进预测和评估人口应对环境变化的能力方面具有价值。有限的使用反映了数据和建模的需要，并且，对于时间共变，缺乏直接的保护指导。瞬态动态，强调短期反应和人口弹性，是相关的，因为它们符合许多保护项目的时间尺度。我们认为，即使是适度的监测工作也可以捕捉到基本的人口过程，并且它们的系统整合，直接或通过相关系统的推断，可以加强长期的保护结果。

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引用次数: 0

The ecological effects of the release and management of large numbers of mallard Anas platyrhynchos for recreational hunting 大量放养休闲狩猎绿头鸭的生态效应及管理

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2026.111744

Joah R. Madden , Tom C. Cameron , Chas A. Holt

Millions of Mallard Anas platyrhynchos are artificially reared and released annually in the USA, Europe and, at particularly high densities, the UK, for recreational shooting. These releases and associated management practices have both positive and negative ecological impacts—locally through direct effects and more broadly through ecological interactions. These may affect wild conspecifics, other waterbirds, and the wider aquatic ecosystem. While we have a moderate understanding of the ecological effects of releasing other gamebirds (e.g. pheasants Phasianus colchicus, red-legged partridge Alectoris rufa), knowledge about Mallard rear-and-release impacts is limited. Our systematic review found little relevant evidence, especially regarding high-density UK releases, but identified three key patterns. First, released Mallards often interbreed with wild conspecifics. If hybridisation reduces survival or reproductive fitness, it could harm wild populations, though field and population-level evidence is limited. Second, released birds exert direct effects on release areas. Aside from eutrophication, evidence for impacts like resource competition, disease transmission, predation, and support of generalist predators is limited. Third, management by gamekeepers or landowners – such as wetland creation, supplementary feeding, and predator control - has associated effects on other waterbirds and aquatic species more generally. However, motivations for these actions may relate to other gamebird or wild waterbird shooting, making net ecological impacts hard to assess. We call for markedly more research into Mallard release and management effects and identify five key knowledge gaps that that need addressing to provide a robust evidence base for stakeholders, policymakers, and legislators about this widespread, culturally significant, and economically important activity.

在美国、欧洲和英国，每年都有数百万头绿头鸭被人工饲养和放生，以供休闲射击。这些排放和相关的管理实践对生态既有积极的影响，也有消极的影响——局部的直接影响和更广泛的生态相互作用。这些可能会影响野生同种物种、其他水鸟和更广泛的水生生态系统。虽然我们对放养其他野禽（如野鸡、红腿鹧鸪）的生态影响有一定的了解，但对绿头鸭放养的影响了解有限。我们的系统回顾发现很少有相关证据，特别是关于高密度的英国释放，但确定了三个关键模式。首先，放生的绿头鸭经常与野生同种品种杂交。如果杂交降低了生存或生殖适应性，它可能会危害野生种群，尽管现场和种群水平的证据有限。第二，放生鸟类对放生区域产生直接影响。除了富营养化，资源竞争、疾病传播、捕食和支持多面手捕食者等影响的证据有限。第三，猎场看守人或土地所有者的管理——如湿地创造、补充喂养和捕食者控制——对其他水鸟和水生物种有更普遍的相关影响。然而，这些行为的动机可能与其他野鸟或野生水鸟射击有关，这使得净生态影响难以评估。我们呼吁对绿头鸭的释放和管理效果进行更多的研究，并确定需要解决的五个关键知识缺口，为利益相关者、政策制定者和立法者提供强有力的证据基础，以了解这一广泛、具有文化意义和经济重要性的活动。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing key demographic parameters and viability of a wolf population in a highly human-dominated landscape 在高度人类主导的景观中评估狼种群的关键人口参数和生存能力

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2026.111784

Mónia Nakamura , Pedro Monterroso , Helena Rio-Maior , Raquel Godinho , Francisco Álvares , José Vicente López-Bao , Olivier Gimenez

The persistence of large carnivores in human-dominated landscapes is particularly sensitive to the impact of humans on key demographic parameters, such as survival, which is strongly influenced by legal and illegal killing. However, estimating demographic parameters is challenging, requiring remarkable logistical and economic efforts. We developed a Bayesian integrated population model for wolves persisting in a human-dominated landscape at the edge of their European range. We incorporated multiple long-term datasets (2007–2019) of population counts, fecundity, molecular individual identification, and dead recoveries of GPS-collared wolves. With the IPM, we estimated population size and structure, growth rate, survival and emigration rates, the latter two being largely unknown parameters for wolves persisting in these landscapes. We estimated a growth rate of 1.04 (95%BCI: 1.03–1.05). Estimated survival rates were 0.72 (95%BCI: 0.66–0.77) for adults and 0.53 (95%BCI: 0.30–0.71) for pups, and the emigration rate was 0.13 (95%BCI: 0.06–0.21). The low emigration rates estimated may contribute to explaining the cryptic population structure documented in the Iberian wolf population. By forecasting population growth over a ten-year period (2020–2029) under different fecundity and survival rate scenarios, we identified adult survival as a key factor influencing wolf persistence in human-dominated landscapes. Conflicts around wolf depredation on livestock, which may boost retaliatory killing and public pressure to reduce wolf populations, together with other anthropogenic mortality causes and the impacts of infrastructure development, can reduce wolf survival rates to an unknown extent and, therefore, jeopardize wolf recovery.

在人类主导的景观中，大型食肉动物的持续存在对人类对关键人口参数的影响特别敏感，例如生存，这受到合法和非法杀戮的强烈影响。然而，估计人口参数是具有挑战性的，需要显著的后勤和经济努力。我们开发了一个贝叶斯综合种群模型，用于狼群在欧洲活动范围边缘的人类主导的景观中生存。我们整合了多个长期数据集（2007-2019），包括种群数量、繁殖力、分子个体鉴定和gps项圈狼的死亡恢复。利用IPM，我们估计了狼群的数量和结构、生长率、存活率和迁出率，后两者在很大程度上是狼群在这些景观中生存的未知参数。我们估计增长率为1.04 （95%BCI: 1.03-1.05）。成虫存活率为0.72 (95%BCI: 0.66 ~ 0.77)，幼崽存活率为0.53 (95%BCI: 0.30 ~ 0.71)，迁移率为0.13 （95%BCI: 0.06 ~ 0.21）。估计的低迁移率可能有助于解释伊比利亚狼种群中记录的隐种群结构。通过对未来10年（2020-2029年）不同繁殖力和存活率情景下狼的种群增长进行预测，我们发现在人类主导的景观中，成年狼的生存是影响狼持久性的关键因素。围绕狼捕食牲畜的冲突可能会增加报复性杀戮和公众减少狼数量的压力，再加上其他人为死亡原因和基础设施发展的影响，可能会在未知程度上降低狼的存活率，从而危及狼的恢复。

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引用次数: 0

Urbanisation magnifies the effect of innovative behaviour on avian persistence and extinction risk 城市化放大了创新行为对鸟类持久性和灭绝风险的影响

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2026.111783

Lingxue Li , Jiaxuan Jiang , Xinyu Guo , Xinyu Zhang , Yanfang Li , Ke Rong

Urbanisation is reshaping global biodiversity, yet species differ markedly in their ability to enter and persist in cities, with important consequences for conservation outcomes. Behaviourally innovative species are disproportionately likely to occur in urban environments, but previous global analyses have linked innovation directly to extinction risk without explicitly modelling the mechanisms through which urban entry and urbanisation shape this relationship. Here we integrate a global avian innovation database with IUCN Red List assessments, BirdLife habitat classifications and range-weighted national urbanisation indices derived from World Bank data to test a moderated mediation framework linking behaviour, cities and extinction risk. Using mixed-effects models with country and family as random intercepts, we relate behavioural innovation to urban occurrence (realised use of urban habitats), global extinction risk and population trend. Behavioural innovation strongly increased the probability of urban occurrence and, via this pathway, was associated with lower extinction risk and more stable or improving population trends, indicating that much of the innovation–risk association is channelled through urban habitat use. The conservation advantage of innovation intensified along national urbanisation gradients. Innovation types were functionally complementary: consumer (food-related) innovations broadly promoted entry into cities, whereas technical innovations conferred additional benefits in highly urbanised contexts. A continuous, effort-adjusted innovation score revealed a monotonic dose–response within innovative species. Together, these results identify when and where behavioural innovation yields the largest conservation benefits and reveal a mechanistic pathway from behaviour to urban habitat use and conservation status relevant to Red List assessment, urban biodiversity planning and invasion early-warning systems.

城市化正在重塑全球生物多样性，但物种进入城市并在城市中生存的能力存在显著差异，这对保护结果产生了重要影响。行为创新物种不成比例地出现在城市环境中，但之前的全球分析将创新与灭绝风险直接联系起来，而没有明确模拟城市进入和城市化形成这种关系的机制。在这里，我们将全球鸟类创新数据库与IUCN红色名录评估、BirdLife栖息地分类和来自世界银行数据的范围加权国家城市化指数相结合，以测试一个将行为、城市和灭绝风险联系起来的适度中介框架。使用以国家和家庭为随机截点的混合效应模型，我们将行为创新与城市发生（城市栖息地的实现利用）、全球灭绝风险和人口趋势联系起来。行为创新极大地增加了城市发生的可能性，并通过这一途径与更低的灭绝风险和更稳定或改善的人口趋势相关，这表明大部分创新风险关联是通过城市栖息地的使用来引导的。创新的保护优势沿国家城市化梯度增强。创新类型在功能上是互补的：消费者（食品相关）创新广泛促进了进入城市，而技术创新在高度城市化的背景下带来了额外的好处。一个连续的、经过努力调整的创新得分揭示了创新物种内部单调的剂量反应。总之，这些结果确定了行为创新在何时何地产生最大的保护效益，并揭示了从行为到城市栖息地利用和与红色名录评估、城市生物多样性规划和入侵预警系统相关的保护状况的机制途径。

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引用次数: 0

Wildlife consumption is widespread across Equatorial Guinea and hunted species are more threatened now than 35 years ago 野生动物消费在赤道几内亚很普遍，被猎杀的物种现在比35年前更受威胁

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2026.111775

José L. Tella , Iñigo Palacios-Martínez , Pedro Romero-Vidal , Guillermo Blanco , Javier Juste

Assessing temporal and spatial changes is essential to understand the real impact of wildlife hunting for human consumption and trade across tropical regions. We found 56 species of wild-trapped vertebrates offered for sale in Equatorial Guinea in 2025, by surveying urban markets and rural areas, and recorded their use, prices, and conservation status. Most of the animals (94.2%) were offered for meat consumption, while animals offered for medicine/rituals or for the pet trade reached 4.4% and 1.4% of the individuals recorded, respectively. The taxonomic composition of wild meat differed between the two main urban markets, in Malabo and Bata cities, and between these markets and their surrounding rural areas. Worryingly, the supply of globally endangered pangolins was four times greater in the source rural areas than in the Bata market. Prices were higher in urban markets than in rural areas, and higher for globally threatened species regardless of their market availability. We also compared taxonomic composition of wild meat with that collected 35 years earlier from the same two urban markets. The range of hunted species was similar, but their conservation status has worsened according to the IUCN Red List. While only two of the species recorded in 2025 were globally threatened in 1990, wildlife hunting is now involving at least 15 globally threatened and 8 near threatened species, representing 27% and 14% respectively of all the species recorded and 17% and 4% respectively of all individuals trapped. While hunting these threatened species is prohibited by law, they are sold at higher prices and with impunity due to the lack of effective law enforcement. Targeted educational campaigns to reduce demand, by changing consumer attitudes towards wild meat, together with cultural-, and development-based strategies tailored to specific taxa and user groups are urgently needed to halt the unsustainable hunting of threatened species in Equatorial Guinea.

评估时间和空间变化对于了解热带地区用于人类消费和贸易的野生动物狩猎的实际影响至关重要。通过对赤道几内亚城市市场和农村地区的调查，我们在2025年发现了56种可供出售的野生捕获脊椎动物，并记录了它们的使用、价格和保护状况。大多数动物（94.2%）用于肉类消费，而用于医药/仪式或宠物贸易的动物分别占记录个体的4.4%和1.4%。在马拉博和巴塔两个主要城市市场之间，以及这些市场与其周围农村地区之间，野生肉类的分类组成存在差异。令人担忧的是，全球濒危穿山甲在农村地区的供应量是巴塔市场的四倍。城市市场的价格高于农村地区，全球受威胁物种的价格高于农村地区，无论其市场供应情况如何。我们还将野肉的分类组成与35年前从相同的两个城市市场收集的野肉进行了比较。被猎杀的物种范围相似，但根据世界自然保护联盟的红色名录，它们的保护状况已经恶化。在2025年记录的物种中，只有两种在1990年受到全球威胁，而野生动物狩猎现在涉及至少15种全球受威胁物种和8种近受威胁物种，分别占所有记录物种的27%和14%，分别占所有捕获个体的17%和4%。虽然狩猎这些濒危物种是被法律禁止的，但由于缺乏有效的执法，它们被以更高的价格出售，而且不受惩罚。赤道几内亚迫切需要开展有针对性的教育活动，通过改变消费者对野生肉类的态度来减少需求，同时还需要针对特定分类群和用户群体制定以文化和发展为基础的战略，以制止对濒危物种的不可持续狩猎。

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引用次数: 0

Connectivity structure in fragmented forest areas in the Brazilian Amazon 巴西亚马逊破碎森林地区的连通性结构

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2026.111747

Mario Arthur Favretto , Marina Hirota

Tropical forests in the Amazon face severe fragmentation in the region known as Arc of Deforestation, which impacts biodiversity and ecological processes. This study evaluates the functional connectivity of forest fragments across Amazonian regions under forest fragmentation and deforestation. We analyzed forest fragmentation in Pará, Mato Grosso, and Rondônia states, using visually selected areas, spatial metrics (eg, Euclidean distance, fragment size, shape index) and connectivity metrics (modularity, probability of connectivity, number of components), with one of the highest resolutions applied so far in the Amazon (30 m). Distance thresholds for pollen dispersal (1530 m), seed dispersal (490 m) and animal gap-crossing capacity (310 m), based on literature, were applied to assess connectivity, first time with information on species that actually occur in the Brazilian Amazon is used to assess its forest connectivity. Western Pará exhibited the highest connectivity, with larger fragments (158.36 [±9,04] ha) and shorter distances between them (122 [±99] m). The eastern Mato Grosso and Rondônia showed the highest fragmentation, with smaller fragments (30.39 [±1,18] ha) and greater distances (up to 4924 m). The probability of connectivity was highest in less disturbed regions (western Pará) and lowest in highly fragmented areas. The modularity increased with fragmentation, what was unexpected considering that this metric is associated with greater resilience. Deforestation reduces connectivity, but can create modular structures that may limit disturbance spread. Conservation efforts should prioritize the maintenance of large fragments and the restoration of degraded areas to improve ecological connectivity.

亚马逊地区的热带森林在被称为“毁林弧”的地区面临严重的破碎化，这影响了生物多样性和生态过程。本研究评估了在森林破碎化和森林砍伐的影响下亚马逊地区森林碎片的功能连通性。我们分析了帕尔、马托格罗索州和Rondônia州的森林破碎化，使用视觉选择的区域、空间指标（如欧几里得距离、碎片大小、形状指数）和连通性指标（模块化、连通性概率、组件数量），其中亚马逊地区的分辨率最高（30米）。基于文献，应用花粉传播距离阈值（1530 m）、种子传播距离阈值（490 m）和动物穿越距离阈值（310 m）来评估连通性，并首次结合巴西亚马逊地区实际发生的物种信息来评估其森林连通性。西部段连通性最高，片段较大（158.36[±9,04]ha），片段间距离较短（122[±99]m）。马托格罗索州东部和Rondônia破碎度最高，破碎度较小（30.39[±1,18]ha），破碎距离较大（4924 m）。连通性的可能性在受干扰较少的地区（西par）最高，在高度碎片化的地区最低。模块化随着碎片的增加而增加，考虑到这个度量与更大的弹性相关，这是出乎意料的。森林砍伐减少了连通性，但可以创建模块化结构，可能会限制干扰的传播。保护工作应优先维护大片区和恢复退化区，增强生态连通性。

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引用次数: 0