Biological Conservation最新文献_第2页

Managing multiple threats: Evaluating the efficacy of broad-scale introduced predator management in improving native mammal resilience to fire 管理多重威胁：评估大范围引进捕食者管理对提高本地哺乳动物抵御火灾能力的效果

IF 4.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110847

Vishnu Menon , Kate Giljohann , Jack Pascoe , Brendan Wintle , Alan Robley , Laura Town-Hopkinson , Bronwyn Hradsky

Preventing further biodiversity loss requires understanding which processes threaten biodiversity and the effectiveness of management actions in mitigating them. Threatening processes can interact in complex and unexpected ways, but different threats are often managed independently. Here, we develop a conceptual model to identify the conditions needed for management of a single threat to achieve a net conservation benefit in systems with multiple interacting threats, and demonstrate its relevance in a replicated case-study experiment. In Australia, introduced red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and feral cats (Felis catus) may hunt vulnerable native mammals more effectively after fire, due to loss of understory vegetation. However, the efficacy of broad-scale control of introduced predators in improving native mammal resilience to fire has not been quantified. Using a natural before-after control-impact experiment with 14 prescribed fires, each >200 ha, we tested whether existing landscape-scale fox baiting programs influenced the immediate effects of prescribed fire on these two introduced predators and five medium-sized native mammals, including the threatened long-nosed potoroo (Potorous tridactylus) and southern brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus). Fox occupancy increased across both treatments post-fire, but baiting reduced the magnitude of increase. In contrast, mean feral cat occupancy remained constant in unbaited areas post-fire, but nearly doubled in fox-controlled areas. Existing landscape-scale fox control programs did not clearly improve the short-term resilience of native mammals to prescribed fire (at least under the current fire and fox management regimes in our study landscapes). In the presence of acute disturbances such as fire, threatened native mammals may require more intensive and integrated management of fire and introduced predators, such as targeted predator control around fire events or protection using natural or artificial refuges).

要防止生物多样性进一步丧失，就必须了解哪些过程会威胁生物多样性，以及管理行动在减轻这些威胁方面的效果。威胁过程可能以复杂和意想不到的方式相互作用，但不同的威胁通常是独立管理的。在此，我们建立了一个概念模型，以确定在具有多种相互作用威胁的系统中，管理单一威胁以实现净保护效益所需的条件，并在一个复制的案例研究实验中证明了该模型的相关性。在澳大利亚，引入的红狐（Vulpes vulpes）和野猫（Felis catus）可能会在火灾后因林下植被的损失而更有效地捕食脆弱的本地哺乳动物。然而，大范围控制引进的捕食者对提高本地哺乳动物抵御火灾能力的效果尚未量化。我们利用14次处方火（每次200公顷）前后的自然控制-影响实验，测试了现有的景观规模狐狸诱饵计划是否会影响处方火对这两种外来掠食者和五种中型本地哺乳动物（包括濒危的长鼻袋狸（Potorous tridactylus）和南方褐袋狸（Isoodon obesulus））的直接影响。火灾后，狐狸的栖息率在两种处理方法中都有所增加，但诱饵降低了增加的幅度。相比之下，火灾后未投放诱饵地区的野猫平均栖息率保持不变，但在狐狸控制区则几乎翻了一番。现有的景观尺度狐狸控制项目并没有明显改善本地哺乳动物对规定火灾的短期适应能力（至少在我们研究的景观中目前的火灾和狐狸管理制度下是这样）。在火灾等严重干扰的情况下，受威胁的本地哺乳动物可能需要对火灾和引入的捕食者进行更密集、更综合的管理，例如在火灾事件周围进行有针对性的捕食者控制，或利用自然或人工庇护所进行保护）。

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引用次数: 0

Present distribution of common hippopotamus populations in southern Africa, and the need for a centralised database 南部非洲常见河马种群的分布现状以及建立中央数据库的必要性

IF 4.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110878

Hannah Lacy , Maria Beger , Lochran W. Traill

The geographical range of common hippopotamus' (Hippopotamus amphibius) has retracted over the last century as a result of anthropogenic pressures. At present, extant common hippopotamus (hereafter, hippo) populations are fragmented and largely constrained to Protected Areas. There is an urgent need for conservation management, but data and information on the spatial ecology of hippos to base conservation strategies on are lacking. Without a centralised and collaborative database that documents their distribution and abundance, comprehensive population assessments remain a challenge. This study establishes a detailed spatial database of hippo population estimates and distribution across southern Africa, by collating recent survey data from a range of sources, facilitating population monitoring and informed conservation decision making. Drawing from a review of the primary literature, grey literature, aerial surveys, websites, and expert input, we provide a comprehensive geographic range map for hippos and evaluate hippo distribution within Protected Areas. Our review reveals several discrepancies between our data and previous hippo distribution and abundance estimates. We also highlight inconsistent methods used to survey hippo populations across southern Africa. By identifying twelve regions with large populations of hippos (>1000 individuals), our findings underscore the importance of extensive and well-connected Transfrontier Conservation Areas to support large, dense hippo populations. We encourage the IUCN SSC Hippo Specialist Group to promote standardised and coordinated surveys and progress a spatial database of hippo distribution and abundance across the rest of Africa.

在过去的一个世纪里，由于人类活动的压力，普通河马（Hippopotamus amphibius）的地理范围有所缩小。目前，现存的普通河马（以下简称 "河马"）种群已经支离破碎，主要局限于保护区内。保护管理工作迫在眉睫，但却缺乏河马空间生态学方面的数据和信息作为保护战略的基础。没有一个记录河马分布和数量的集中式协作数据库，全面的种群评估仍然是一项挑战。这项研究通过整理来自不同来源的最新调查数据，建立了一个详细的空间数据库，用于评估整个南部非洲的河马数量和分布情况，从而为河马数量监测和保护决策提供便利。通过对主要文献、灰色文献、航空调查、网站和专家意见的回顾，我们提供了一份全面的河马地理分布图，并评估了河马在保护区内的分布情况。我们的研究揭示了我们的数据与以往河马分布和丰度估计之间的一些差异。我们还强调了南部非洲河马种群调查方法的不一致。通过确定 12 个拥有大量河马种群（1000 头）的地区，我们的研究结果强调了广阔且连接良好的跨境保护区对于支持大量密集河马种群的重要性。我们鼓励世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）河马专家小组促进标准化和协调的调查，并在整个非洲其他地区建立河马分布和丰度的空间数据库。

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引用次数: 0

Spatial distribution of tree-related microhabitats in European beech-dominated forests 欧洲以山毛榉为主的森林中与树木有关的微生境的空间分布

IF 4.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2024-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110867

Laurent Larrieu , Christophe Bouget , Benoit Courbaud , Inken Doerfler , Nicolas Gouix , Michel Goulard , Sylvie Ladet , Fabien Laroche , Amandine Acloque , Rita Bütler , Daniel Kozák , Daniel Kraus , Frank Krumm , Thibault Lachat , Maxence Martin , Jörg Müller , Yoan Paillet , Andreas Schuck , Jonas Stillhard , Miroslav Svoboda , Sergey Zudin

Tree-related Microhabitats (TreMs) are of prime concern for biodiversity since they host thousands of taxa. TreMs are discrete habitat patches borne by trees and cover a wide range of lifespans, from days to decades to centuries. The taxa associated with such discrete and sometimes highly ephemeral habitat patches are likely to be sensitive to spatial distribution because they need to search for new habitats after the occupied one disappears. Although many studies have recently been dedicated to TreMs, only very few have investigated their spatial distribution. Focusing on European beech-dominated forests, we used a European TreM database with 12,362 trees and 296 plots (ranging from local (0.1–1 ha) to landscape scale (10,000 ha)) to assess TreM spatial distribution patterns in long unmanaged forests. Then, with a TreM sub-database with 6828 trees and 21 plots, we assessed whether and if so, how harvesting changes spatial patterns at the plot scale. In long unmanaged forests, most TreMs showed a regular pattern at the plot scale and an aggregated pattern at larger scales. Tree diameter was the most influential factor for spatial patterns in TreMs. Spatial patterns at the plot scale in harvested forests differed slightly from those observed in unmanaged forests. To favor TreM-dwelling taxa in harvested stands, our results suggest retaining habitat trees in a regular spatial pattern to mimic the natural pattern. However, some TreMs should be conserved in an aggregate pattern; we specify the spatial scale at which this should be done.

与树木相关的微生境（TreMs）是生物多样性的首要关注点，因为它们承载着数以千计的类群。树木相关微生境是由树木形成的离散栖息地斑块，其寿命范围很广，从几天、几十年到几百年不等。与这种离散且有时极短暂的栖息地斑块相关的分类群很可能对空间分布很敏感，因为它们需要在被占据的栖息地消失后寻找新的栖息地。虽然最近有很多研究都是针对树瘤的，但只有极少数研究调查了树瘤的空间分布。我们以欧洲以山毛榉为主的森林为研究对象，利用一个包含 12,362 棵树和 296 个地块（从局部（0.1-1 公顷）到景观尺度（10,000 公顷））的欧洲树瘤数据库，评估了树瘤在长期无人管理的森林中的空间分布模式。然后，我们利用包含 6828 棵树木和 21 个地块的树木监测子数据库，评估了采伐是否会改变地块尺度上的空间分布模式，如果会，又是如何改变的。在长期无人管理的森林中，大多数树冠变化在地块尺度上呈现规则模式，而在更大尺度上呈现聚集模式。树木直径是影响树木分类群空间格局的最大因素。在采伐森林中，地块尺度上的空间格局与在非经营性森林中观察到的略有不同。我们的研究结果表明，为了使采伐林分中的树木群落更有利于树木群落的栖息，应按一定的空间模式保留栖息地树木，以模仿自然模式。然而，有些树木应该以集合的模式保留；我们明确了应该在何种空间尺度上这样做。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing demographic analysis in the face of missing data years to improve conservation of threatened species 面对数据缺失年优化人口分析，改善受威胁物种的保护工作

IF 4.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2024-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110855

April M. Goebl , Michelle DePrenger-Levin , Rebecca A. Hufft , Daniel F. Doak

Quantification of population dynamics and predictions of species viability rely on estimates of vital rates and an understanding of the ecological drivers of these rates. Most standard methods for assessing impacts of drivers, such as climate, on vital rates require annual demographic data for many individuals over multiple years. However, many real studies have either planned or unplanned data gaps. Vital rates are usually estimated over annual transitions, therefore one year of missing data results in two missing estimates. Additionally, relating annual climate variation to changes in vital rates is challenging if studies do not collect data annually. To avoid this loss of information due to missing data, we developed and then tested a Bayesian modeling approach for a dataset with missing years. Using an 18-year study of the rare plant Eriogonum brandegeei we estimate vital rates, their relationship to annual climate, and stochastic population growth. By comparing model performance across data subsets, as well as in tests using simulated data, we find that the approach works well with missing years of demographic data and removes the need to ignore information from multi-year transitions. This generalizable approach increases the useability of available data to study species dynamics despite patchy demographic data.

种群动态的量化和物种生存能力的预测依赖于对生命率的估计和对这些生命率的生态驱动因素的了解。评估气候等驱动因素对生命率影响的大多数标准方法都需要许多个体多年的年度人口统计数据。然而，许多实际研究都存在计划内或计划外的数据缺口。生命率通常是通过年度转换来估算的，因此一年的数据缺失会导致两个估算值的缺失。此外，如果研究不是每年收集数据，将年度气候变异与生命率变化联系起来就具有挑战性。为了避免因数据缺失而造成的信息损失，我们开发了一种贝叶斯建模方法，并对缺失年份的数据集进行了测试。我们利用对稀有植物 Eriogonum brandegeei 长达 18 年的研究，估算了其生命率、生命率与年度气候的关系以及随机种群增长。通过比较不同数据子集的模型性能，以及使用模拟数据进行的测试，我们发现该方法在人口数据缺失年份也能很好地发挥作用，而且无需忽略多年过渡信息。这种可推广的方法提高了可用数据的利用率，从而可以在人口数据不完整的情况下研究物种动态。

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引用次数: 0

Population increases of the threatened American burying beetle (Nicrophorus americanus) linked to large-scale collaborations in a working lands ecoregion 受威胁的美洲掩埋甲虫（Nicrophorus americanus）种群增加与工作地生态区的大规模合作有关

IF 4.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2024-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110865

Caleb P. Roberts , Alison K. Ludwig , Dillon T. Fogarty , Erica F. Stuber , Daniel R. Uden , Thomas L. Walker Jr , Dirac Twidwell

Woody plant encroachment and row-crop agricultural land conversion are existential threats to species that rely on grassland ecosystems. The American Burying Beetle (Nicrophorus americanus) is a threatened species whose largest remnant populations are predominantly located in grassland ecoregions comprised of privately-owned ranching lands. Here, we seek to determine functional scaling patterns and population trends of the American Burying Beetle in the face of conservation threats and grassland restoration. We used 13 years (2007–2019) of American Burying Beetle abundance data collected from permanent sampling locations across the Loess Canyons ecoregion (Nebraska, USA), where a network of ranchers have been restoring large-scale grasslands. To estimate beetle abundance relative to land cover variables, we developed a Bayesian N-mixture model, incorporating the Bayesian latent indicator scale selection (BLISS) method to probabilistically determine at which scales land cover variables best explained beetle abundance. American Burying Beetle abundance exhibited high interannual variation but overall significantly increased across the ecoregion. Increases in beetle abundance were associated with large-scale (1149 ha extent) grassland cover. Decreases in abundance were associated with large-scale crop conversion (590 ha extent) and large-scale increases in woody cover (1149 ha extent). This study provides the first evidence of ecoregion-scale population increases of the American Burying Beetle. These increases are tied to landscape variables that are managed in a large-scale, coordinated private lands grassland restoration effort. Our results suggest that successful grassland restoration will depend on coordinating across property boundaries to implement conservation at scales necessary to conserve species that require large-scale, unfragmented grasslands.

木本植物蚕食和连作农田转换对依赖草原生态系统的物种构成了生存威胁。美洲埋甲虫（Nicrophorus americanus）是一种濒危物种，其最大的残存种群主要位于由私有牧场组成的草原生态区。在此，我们试图确定美洲埋甲虫在面临保护威胁和草原恢复时的功能缩放模式和种群趋势。我们使用了从黄土峡谷生态区（美国内布拉斯加州）永久性采样点收集的 13 年（2007-2019 年）美洲埋甲虫丰度数据，该生态区的牧场主网络一直在恢复大规模草地。为了估算甲虫丰度与土地覆被变量的相关性，我们建立了一个贝叶斯 N-混杂模型，并结合贝叶斯潜指标尺度选择（BLISS）方法，以概率方式确定在哪个尺度上土地覆被变量最能解释甲虫丰度。美洲埋甲虫丰度的年际变化很大，但在整个生态区域总体上显著增加。甲虫丰度的增加与大规模（1149 公顷范围）草地覆盖有关。甲虫数量的减少与大规模作物转化（590 公顷范围）和大规模林木覆盖面积增加（1149 公顷范围）有关。这项研究首次提供了生态区域范围内美洲埋甲虫种群数量增加的证据。这些增长与大规模、协调的私人土地草地恢复工作中管理的景观变量有关。我们的研究结果表明，成功的草原恢复将取决于跨越财产边界的协调，以必要的规模实施保护，从而保护那些需要大规模、未被分割的草原的物种。

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引用次数: 0

Consequences of fire and grazing to conservation of arthropod functional diversity in a protected Afrotropical savanna 火灾和放牧对保护非洲热带稀树草原节肢动物功能多样性的影响

IF 4.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110885

Ludzula Mukwevho , Tatenda Dalu , Mduduzi Ndlovu , Frank Chidawanyika

Fires and grazing disrupt the diversity and composition of biological organisms and their functions in the savannas. In the current study, we assessed the impact of fire and grazing intensities on the abundance, species richness and assemblages of eight functional groups of arthropods in Kruger National Park. Pitfalls and active searches were used to collect arthropods at the experimental burnt plots (EBPs) and grazed plots that were undisturbed, minimally or heavily disturbed in Mopane and Skukuza regions. Omnivores constituted the highest proportion (40 %) of individuals, whilst detritivores, granivores, hematophagous, herbivores, nectarivores, predators and scavengers constituted between 0.5 % and 31.4 %. The abundance, species richness and assemblages of different functional groups significantly varied among EBPs and grazed sites in Mopane and Skukuza. The abundance and species richness of arthropods were higher at EBPs compared to grazed plots in Mopane and Skukuza. Furthermore, abundance was higher at the undisturbed compared to disturbed plots and a contrary pattern was observed for species richness. Results showed a distinct variation in the assemblage of detritivores, nectarivores, omnivores and predators between EBPs and grazed plots, with a clear separation between Mopane and Skukuza. However, the composition of granivores and herbivores was neither influenced by fires nor grazing in the Mopane and Skukuza. The intensity of disturbances by fire and grazing failed to drive arthropod assemblages within different functional groups. We conclude that fire and grazing are potent drivers of assemblages of arthropod functional groups in Afrotropical savannas requiring evidence-based manipulation for the conservation of key species.

火灾和放牧破坏了热带稀树草原生物的多样性和组成及其功能。在本研究中，我们评估了火灾和放牧强度对克鲁格国家公园八个节肢动物功能群的数量、物种丰富度和组合的影响。我们在莫帕内和斯库库扎地区未受干扰、干扰较小或干扰严重的试验性烧毁地块（EBPs）和放牧地块采用陷阱和主动搜索的方法采集节肢动物。杂食性个体所占比例最高（40%），而食腐动物、食粒动物、食血动物、食草动物、食蜜动物、食肉动物和食腐动物则占 0.5% 至 31.4%。不同功能群的丰度、物种丰富度和组合在莫帕内和斯库库扎的 EBPs 和放牧地之间存在显著差异。与莫帕内和斯库扎的放牧地相比，EBP的节肢动物丰度和物种丰富度更高。此外，未受干扰地块的节肢动物丰度高于受干扰地块，物种丰富度则与之相反。结果表明，在EBPs和放牧地块之间，食腐动物、食蜜动物、杂食动物和食肉动物的组合存在明显差异，在Mopane和Skukuza之间差异明显。然而，在莫帕内和斯库库扎，食谷动物和食草动物的组成既不受火灾的影响，也不受放牧的影响。火灾和放牧造成的干扰强度未能影响不同功能群中节肢动物的组合。我们的结论是，火灾和放牧是非洲热带稀树草原节肢动物功能群集合的强大驱动力，需要在保护关键物种的过程中采取循证措施。

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引用次数: 0

IUCN Red List criteria fail to recognise most threatened and extinct species 世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）红色名录标准未能识别大多数濒危和灭绝物种

IF 4.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110880

Graham J. Edgar

Many species have benefited from management actions associated with listing as threatened on the IUCN Red List, resulting in fewer extinctions relative to business as usual. Red List criteria used to categorise threat status have, however, been designed with primary focus on higher vertebrates, and consequently produce inconsistent and deficient threat assessments for other taxa. Equally valid decisions on population trend shape, generation length, period of assessment, and habitat quality can result in threat status determinations ranging from Least Concern to Critically Endangered. Moreover, inconspicuous species exhibiting catastrophic population decline to below detection limits can ultimately be regarded as Data Deficient, thus categorised as neither extinct nor threatened. Under-estimation of extinction frequency biases our understanding of global environmental change and the urgent need for societal action. Improved extinction risk assessments can be achieved with changes and simplification of Red List criteria, and detailed case examples that guide progress through decision-points.

世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）红色名录将许多物种列为濒危物种，并采取了相关的管理措施，从而减少了物种灭绝的数量。然而，红色名录的威胁状态分类标准主要针对高等脊椎动物，因此对其他类群的威胁评估并不一致且存在缺陷。对种群趋势形状、世代长短、评估周期和栖息地质量等因素做出同样有效的决定，可导致从 "最不关注 "到 "极度濒危 "的威胁状况判定。此外，表现出灾难性种群下降至检测极限以下的不显眼物种最终可被视为数据不足，从而被归类为既未灭绝也未受威胁的物种。对物种灭绝频率估计不足会影响我们对全球环境变化和社会行动紧迫性的理解。通过改变和简化红色名录标准，并通过详细的案例指导决策点的进展，可以改进灭绝风险评估。

引用次数: 0

One to rule them all? Assessing the performance of sustainable forest management indicators against multitaxonomic data for biodiversity conservation 一统天下？根据生物多样性保护的多分类数据评估可持续森林管理指标的绩效

IF 4.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110874

Yoan Paillet , Livia Zapponi , Peter Schall , Jean-Matthieu Monnet , Christian Ammer , Lorenzo Balducci , Steffen Boch , Gediminas Brazaitis , Alessandro Campanaro , Francesco Chianucci , Inken Doerfler , Markus Fischer , Marion Gosselin , Martin M. Gossner , Jacob Heilmann-Clausen , Jeňýk Hofmeister , Jan Hošek , Kirsten Jung , Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas , Peter Odor , Sabina Burrascano

Several regional initiatives and reporting efforts assess the state of forest biodiversity through broad-scale indicators based on data from national forest inventories. Although valuable, these indicators are essentially indirect and evaluate habitat quantity and quality rather than biodiversity per se. Therefore, their link to biodiversity may be weak, which decreases their usefulness for decision-making.

For several decades, Forest Europe indicators assessed the state of European forests, in particular their biodiversity. However, no extensive study has been conducted to date to assess their performance – i.e. the capacity of the indicators to reflect variations in biodiversity – against multitaxonomic data. We hypothesized that no single biodiversity indicator from Forest Europe can represent overall forest biodiversity, but that several indicators would reflect habitat quality for at least some taxa in a comprehensive way. We tested the set of Forest Europe's indicators against the species richness of six taxonomic and functional groups across several hundreds of sampling units over Europe. We showed that, while some indicators perform relatively well across groups (e.g. deadwood volume), no single indicator represented all biodiversity at once, and that a combination of several indicators performed better.

Forest Europe indicators were chosen for their availability and ease of understanding for most people. However, we showed that gaps in the monitoring framework persist, and that surveying certain taxa along with stand structure is necessary to support policymaking and tackle forest biodiversity loss at the large scale. Adding context (e.g. forest type) may also contribute to increase the performance of biodiversity indicators.

一些区域性倡议和报告工作通过基于国家森林资源清查数据的大范围指标来评估森林生物多样性状况。尽管这些指标很有价值，但基本上都是间接的，它们评估的是栖息地的数量和质量，而不是生物多样性本身。因此，这些指标与生物多样性之间的联系可能很薄弱，从而降低了它们对决策的有用性。几十年来，欧洲森林指标一直在评估欧洲森林的状况，特别是其生物多样性。然而，迄今为止还没有进行过广泛的研究来评估这些指标的性能，即这些指标反映生物多样性变化的能力。我们假设，欧洲森林的任何一个生物多样性指标都不能代表整个森林的生物多样性，但多个指标至少可以全面反映某些类群的栖息地质量。我们根据欧洲数百个取样单位中六个分类群和功能群的物种丰富度测试了森林欧洲的一系列指标。我们发现，虽然某些指标在不同类别中表现相对较好（如枯木量），但没有一个指标能同时代表所有生物多样性，而多个指标的组合表现更好。然而，我们的研究表明，监测框架中的差距依然存在，调查某些分类群和林分结构对于支持政策制定和解决大规模森林生物多样性丧失问题十分必要。增加背景信息（如森林类型）也有助于提高生物多样性指标的性能。

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引用次数: 0

Spatiotemporal distribution patterns of large and medium-sized mammals in a biodiversity hotspot: Implications for conservation 生物多样性热点地区大中型哺乳动物的时空分布模式：对保护的影响

IF 4.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110863

Wenqiang Hu , Xueyou Li , Kenneth Otieno Onditi , Hongjiao Wang , Wenyu Song , Zhechang Hu , Changzhe Pu , Mingjing Pu , Yun Xiong , Suhua Yang , Lin Zhu , Jianqiang Yin , Lifan He , Haoyang Song , Yueti Li , Ge Gao , William V. Bleisch , Xuelong Jiang

Understanding wildlife distribution patterns in relation to human disturbance and environmental variables across varying spatial and temporal dimensions is crucial for advancing effective conservation strategies. Here, we employed multi-species occupancy models on an extensive dataset derived from a systematic camera trapping survey across the Gaoligong Mountains to examine the effects of human modification (settlements and farmland) and human presence (camera detections of humans and livestock), latitude, and elevation on the diversity and distribution of large and medium-sized mammal species. We divided the study area into three sections (northern, middle and southern), 12 altitude zones, and sampling years into wet and dry seasons. We used spatial and temporal β diversity indices to quantify changes in species assemblages. From 375 stations over 113,204 camera days, we recorded 34 large and medium-sized mammal species. Throughout the year, the community mean occupancy showed a strong negative response to latitude. The dry season community mean occupancy negatively responded to latitude, elevation, and human modification and presence. Species turnover was the primary driver of diversity changes across all sections. Importantly, lower altitude zones from 1700 to 2300 m gained more species in the dry seasons, compared with wet seasons. These findings underscore the critical importance of low-elevation habitats for mammal conservation, emphasizing the need for targeted protection and restoration efforts in these areas. Effective conservation strategies should incorporate spatial heterogeneity and temporal dynamics, with particular attention to the varying habitat requirements of species across different seasons.

了解野生动物的分布模式与不同时空维度的人类干扰和环境变量的关系，对于推进有效的保护策略至关重要。在此，我们在高黎贡山系统性相机诱捕调查的广泛数据集上使用了多物种占据模型，以研究人类活动（定居点和农田）、人类存在（相机检测到的人类和牲畜）、纬度和海拔对大中型哺乳动物物种多样性和分布的影响。我们将研究区域划分为三个部分（北部、中部和南部）、12 个海拔区，并将采样年份划分为雨季和旱季。我们使用空间和时间 β 多样性指数来量化物种组合的变化。在 113,204 个照相日的 375 个站点中，我们记录了 34 种大型和中型哺乳动物。全年中，群落平均占有率与纬度呈强烈的负相关。旱季群落平均占有率与纬度、海拔、人类活动和存在呈负相关。物种更替是所有地段多样性变化的主要驱动因素。重要的是，与雨季相比，海拔 1700 至 2300 米的低海拔区在旱季增加了更多物种。这些发现凸显了低海拔栖息地对哺乳动物保护的重要性，强调了在这些地区开展有针对性的保护和恢复工作的必要性。有效的保护战略应结合空间异质性和时间动态，特别关注物种在不同季节对栖息地的不同要求。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of multidimensional diversity and conservation of threatened timber trees in China under climate change 气候变化下中国濒危用材树种的多维多样性评估与保护

IF 4.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110871

Jian-Lin Hu , Xiu-Qin Ci , Xiao-Yan Zhang , Run Zhou , Jian-Hua Xiao , Zhi-Fang Liu , Can-Yu Zhang , Xuan Jin , Jie Li

Understanding spatial patterns of multidimensional diversity is crucial for effective conservation planning, especially in mountainous regions that are often biodiversity hotspots. This study focused on assessing the impact of climate change on the distribution of 110 threatened timber tree species in China, combining species distribution models and phylogenetic frameworks to quantify multidimensional diversity indices. The research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of these indices in guiding the prioritization of protected areas and conservation strategies in the face of climate change. The findings revealed that Chinese protected areas are projected to experience a significant decline in their ability to protect the top 15 % hotspots for evolutionarily distinct and globally endangered (EDGE) species under future climate scenarios. This decline ranges from 17.11 % to 29.93 %, highlighting the urgent need for adaptive conservation strategies. Energy-related factors, particularly annual mean temperature and temperature annual range, were identified as key drivers of timber tree distribution patterns. Based on these results, the study advocate for the integration of multidimensional diversity indices into conservation priority evaluation frameworks and considering species' evolutionary history and vulnerability when determining regional biodiversity targets. This approach can help improve the effectiveness of conservation efforts in the face of ongoing climate change.

了解多维多样性的空间模式对于有效的保护规划至关重要，尤其是在通常是生物多样性热点地区的山区。本研究重点评估了气候变化对中国110种濒危用材树种分布的影响，结合物种分布模型和系统发育框架量化了多维多样性指数。研究旨在评估这些指数在指导保护区优先排序和面对气候变化的保护战略方面的有效性。研究结果表明，在未来气候情景下，中国保护区保护前15%的进化独特和全球濒危（EDGE）物种热点地区的能力预计将大幅下降。下降幅度从17.11%到29.93%不等，这凸显了对适应性保护战略的迫切需要。研究发现，与能源相关的因素，尤其是年平均气温和气温年变化范围，是影响用材林分布模式的关键因素。基于这些结果，研究提倡将多维多样性指数纳入保护优先评估框架，并在确定区域生物多样性目标时考虑物种的进化历史和脆弱性。这种方法有助于在面对持续的气候变化时提高保护工作的有效性。

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引用次数: 0