Biological Conservation最新文献_第6页

Anthropogenic water depletion outweighs climate change as a cause of wet grassland bird decline in Lake Neusiedl – Seewinkel National Park 在Neusiedl - Seewinkel湖国家公园，人为的水资源消耗超过了气候变化，是导致湿草地鸟类减少的原因

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111632

Georg Bieringer , Erwin Nemeth , Bernhard Kohler

Changes in hydrology pose one of the greatest threats to continental wetlands. As global climate warming can affect hydrology by directly altering the hydrological cycle or by increasing agricultural water demand, it is generally difficult to correctly attribute the effects observed at site-level to either driver. We attempted to disentangle the effects of local and global factors on the regional population trends of bird species that act as indicators of semi-natural wet grasslands. Using long-term bird survey data from Lake Neusiedl – Seewinkel National Park, we analysed the effects of near-surface air temperature, spring precipitation, groundwater levels and European population trends on breeding abundance. We found that groundwater levels were the strongest predictor of Northern Lapwing and Common Redshank abundance, while Black-tailed Godwit abundance was more closely correlated with its European population trend. During the study period, groundwater levels declined significantly, a trend that could not be attributed to changes in precipitation or the climatic water balance. This strongly suggests that anthropogenic water abstraction is the actual cause. High plot-level habitat quality mitigated the effects of groundwater levels on Lapwings and Redshanks, but not the effects of European population trends on Godwits. This study demonstrates that local factors can outweigh the effects of global warming in the conservation of wet grasslands. High habitat quality can buffer periods of temporarily unfavourable conditions, and this will become increasingly important as weather extremes become more frequent. Our findings emphasise the crucial role of effective governance in wet grassland conservation.

水文变化是陆地湿地面临的最大威胁之一。由于全球气候变暖可以通过直接改变水文循环或增加农业用水需求来影响水文，通常很难将在站点水平上观察到的影响正确归因于任何一个驱动因素。以半自然湿草地为研究对象，探讨了局地因子和全球因子对区域鸟类种群变化趋势的影响。利用Neusiedl - Seewinkel湖国家公园的长期鸟类调查数据，我们分析了近地表气温、春季降水、地下水位和欧洲种群趋势对繁殖丰度的影响。我们发现地下水位是北田凫和红脚鹬丰度的最强预测因子，而黑尾Godwit丰度与其欧洲种群趋势更密切相关。在研究期间，地下水位显著下降，这一趋势不能归因于降水或气候水平衡的变化。这有力地表明，人为的取水是真正的原因。高样地水平的栖息地质量减轻了地下水位对田凫和红脚鸭的影响，但没有减轻欧洲人口趋势对高头鸭的影响。本研究表明，在保护湿草地的过程中，局部因素的影响大于全球变暖的影响。高质量的栖息地可以缓冲暂时不利条件的时期，随着极端天气变得更加频繁，这将变得越来越重要。我们的研究结果强调了有效治理在湿草地保护中的关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

A practical framework for ecological integrity monitoring in resource-limited parks 资源有限型公园生态完整性监测的实用框架

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111636

Sara K. Steel , Jérémie Gravel , Dalal E.L. Hanna

Effective ecological integrity monitoring is beneficial for conservation management, yet many parks and recreation areas outside formal protection networks face major resource constraints that limit their ability to implement robust monitoring programs. To address this challenge, we developed a six-step framework to implement new monitoring programs designed for parks with limited resources specifically dedicated to maintaining ecological integrity. This framework has been iteratively co-developed by academics and staff from a regional park in Quebec, Canada. It offers an accessible alternative to existing large-scale monitoring approaches, focused on supporting small parks that are not formally protected. By balancing scientific rigor with practical constraints, the framework provides a structured yet adaptable approach to ecological monitoring suitable for small parks and recreation areas with limited staffing and funding dedicated to monitoring. Our approach prioritizes practical implementation by combining methods from the scientific literature with local knowledge, drawing on evidence that co-developing monitoring programs with practitioners produces more effective outcomes. We outline each step of the framework while discussing its application in Poisson Blanc Regional Park (Quebec, Canada). Outcomes from this case study demonstrate the framework's effectiveness and highlight the value of engaging park staff to support program design and data collection. By incorporating local expertise and fostering affordable partnerships with academic institutions and non-governmental organizations, even parks with minimal levels of protection can establish sustainable monitoring programs that inform management decisions and support long-term conservation goals.

有效的生态完整性监测有利于保护管理，但许多公园和休闲区在正式的保护网络之外面临着主要的资源限制，限制了他们实施强有力的监测计划的能力。为了应对这一挑战，我们制定了一个六步框架来实施新的监测计划，这些计划是为资源有限的公园设计的，专门用于维护生态完整性。这个框架是由加拿大魁北克省一个地区公园的学者和工作人员反复共同开发的。它为现有的大规模监测方法提供了一种可访问的替代方案，重点是支持未得到正式保护的小型公园。通过平衡科学的严谨性和实际的限制，该框架提供了一种结构化但适应性强的生态监测方法，适用于人员和资金有限的小型公园和休闲区。我们的方法将科学文献中的方法与当地知识相结合，并利用与从业人员共同制定监测计划产生更有效结果的证据，从而优先考虑实际实施。我们概述了框架的每一步，同时讨论了它在泊松白朗地区公园（加拿大魁北克省）的应用。本案例研究的结果证明了该框架的有效性，并强调了让公园工作人员参与支持项目设计和数据收集的价值。通过吸收当地的专业知识，并与学术机构和非政府组织建立负担得起的伙伴关系，即使是保护水平最低的公园也可以建立可持续的监测项目，为管理决策提供信息，并支持长期保护目标。

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引用次数: 0

De-extinction and the risk of moral hazard 物种灭绝和道德风险

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111637

Christopher H. Lean , Andrew J. Latham , Annie Sandrussi , Wendy A. Rogers

Moral hazard occurs when the presence or promise of a new technology or policy reduces incentives for responsible behaviour, because the consequences of risky behaviour are perceived to be reduced, transferred, or mitigated. Moral hazard risk has been widely empirically investigated in the case of geoengineering for climate change, but other novel technologies have not been subject to such scrutiny. Ever since de-extinction was announced to the public as a viable possibility with modern biotechnology, a series of commentators have argued that the promise of de-extinction will create a moral hazard. The thought is that extinction has been perceived as permanent. Any change in this belief, such as the idea that species can be brought back, potentially undermines the motivation for current conservation efforts. This is an empirical claim that we investigate. Our study assesses the public's support for conservation in scenarios that promise the use of de-extinction to address actions that are likely to cause extinction. We did not find that people were more likely to accept the extinction of a species if its de-extinction was promised in the future. We did, however, find an association between extinction acceptance and judgments that de-extinction could successfully resurrect species. The findings of this study represent a crucial step in assessing the risks novel biotechnology creates.

当一项新技术或政策的存在或承诺减少了对负责任行为的激励时，就会发生道德风险，因为人们认为风险行为的后果会减少、转移或减轻。在气候变化的地球工程案例中，道德风险已经得到了广泛的实证调查，但其他新技术还没有受到这样的审查。自从向公众宣布利用现代生物技术进行生物灭绝恢复是一种可行的可能性以来，一系列评论家就一直认为，生物灭绝恢复的承诺将带来道德风险。人们认为灭绝是永久的。这种信念的任何改变，比如物种可以恢复的想法，都有可能破坏当前保护工作的动机。这是我们研究的经验主义主张。我们的研究评估了公众对保护动物的支持程度，在这些情况下，人们承诺使用反灭绝措施来解决可能导致灭绝的行动。我们没有发现，如果一个物种在未来得到恢复灭绝的承诺，人们更有可能接受这个物种的灭绝。然而，我们确实发现了在接受灭绝和判断去灭绝可以成功地使物种复活之间的联系。这项研究的发现代表了评估新型生物技术带来的风险的关键一步。

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引用次数: 0

Structured habitats provide thermal refuges and mitigate effects of heatwaves 结构化的栖息地提供热避难所，减轻热浪的影响

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111634

Benjamin A. Belgrad , Nolan Cooper , Delbert L. Smee

Heatwaves are an increasingly common threat for many species, particularly those in intertidal regions. In terrestrial systems, shading by vegetation can provide beneficial microclimates for other organisms, and artificial shading is often used in agriculture, but has not been tested in a marine restoration context. We tested how increased shading affected the survival of a model foundation species, oysters (Crassostrea virginica). We conducted a field experiment to compare the relative effects of predators and sun exposure on oyster survival across tidal elevations. Juvenile oysters were planted at two tidal elevations in predator–exposed and predator–protected cages. Half the oysters in each cage were exposed to sunlight while the other half were shaded to reduce heat stress, and individual survivorship was assessed periodically over their first month of planting when oysters are most vulnerable to abiotic stressors and predation. Predators were the greatest source of mortality: uncaged oysters initially experienced twice the mortality rate of caged oysters and these survivorship differences intensified over the month. Nevertheless, shading significantly increased survivorship by 32–93 %, with shading benefits increasing with tidal elevation (i.e. aerial exposure time during low tide). Additionally, temperatures in the shaded treatments matched temperatures within the reef shell-matrix, which were up to 4.66 °C cooler than in direct sunlight. Thus, shading can be a valuable tool to improve the restoration success of marine species during vulnerable stages by mimicking natural thermal refuges from healthy, structured oyster reefs. These results highlight how habitat degradation can increase risk to climate change.

对于许多物种，尤其是潮间带地区的物种来说，热浪是一个日益普遍的威胁。在陆地系统中，植被遮阳可以为其他生物提供有益的小气候，人工遮阳通常用于农业，但尚未在海洋恢复环境中进行试验。我们测试了增加的阴影如何影响模型基础物种牡蛎（Crassostrea virginica）的生存。我们进行了一项野外实验，比较了掠食者和阳光照射对牡蛎生存的相对影响。在两个潮汐高度将幼牡蛎种植在暴露于捕食者和保护捕食者的笼子中。每个笼子里一半的牡蛎暴露在阳光下，另一半则被遮蔽以减少热应激，在种植的第一个月里，个体的存活率被定期评估，因为牡蛎最容易受到非生物压力和捕食的影响。捕食者是最大的死亡来源：最初，未笼养牡蛎的死亡率是笼养牡蛎的两倍，这种生存差异在一个月内加剧了。然而，遮荫显著增加了32 - 93%的存活率，遮荫的好处随着潮汐高度的增加而增加（即退潮时的空中暴露时间）。此外，阴影处理下的温度与珊瑚礁壳基质内的温度相匹配，比阳光直射下的温度低4.66℃。因此，遮阳可以是一个有价值的工具，通过模仿健康的、结构化的牡蛎礁的自然热避难所，在脆弱阶段提高海洋物种的恢复成功率。这些结果突出了栖息地退化如何增加气候变化的风险。

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引用次数: 0

Research-driven habituation linked to abandonment of high-altitude refuge in Indochinese gray langurs 研究驱动的习惯化与印度支那灰叶猴放弃高海拔避难所有关

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111642

Chi Ma , Yuxin Wang , Haigang Ma , Pengfei Fan

Various human disturbances are displacing animals from suitable lowlands to high-altitude refuges worldwide. However, the mechanisms underlying this upward shift remain poorly understood, limiting the development of effective conservation strategies. Studying how animals adjust their habitat selection and utilization patterns in response to human disturbances offer critical insights into the ecological processes shaping their distribution in human-dominated environments. We investigated altitudinal ranging patterns of endangered Indochinese gray langurs (Trachypithecus crepusculus) in Wuliangshan National Nature Reserve (WNNR), China, from 2010 to 2019, across early, middle, and late habituation stages. Although vegetation surveys showed substantially higher food availability at 1750 m than at 2150 m and 2550 m, langurs preferred higher altitudes (2000–2600 m) farther from human settlements during early and middle stages. This vertical refuge selection reversed dramatically in the late habituation stage, with langurs shifted to lower altitudes, increased feeding activities there, and exhibited preference for areas below 2000 m outside the WNNR. This downward shift was associated with an increased intake of high-quality food resources (fruits and seeds). Our findings indicate that human activity initially displaced langurs to high-altitude refuges, and that continued habituation by researchers may have facilitated the reoccupation of resource-rich low-altitude habitats. These results underscore that species distribution models and resource selection functions relying solely on species occurrence data risks prioritizing refuges over ecologically superior habitats. We call for more field studies to document the behavioral shifts of study subjects in human-dominated habitats and their cascading impacts on local ecological communities and human societies.

各种各样的人为干扰正在把动物从适合的低地转移到世界各地的高海拔避难所。然而，这种向上转移的机制仍然知之甚少，限制了有效保护策略的发展。研究动物如何调整其栖息地选择和利用模式以响应人类干扰，为人类主导环境中形成其分布的生态过程提供了重要见解。研究了2010 - 2019年中国无梁山国家级自然保护区濒危印度支那灰叶猴（Trachypithecus crepusculus）生境适应早期、中期和后期的海拔分布格局。尽管植被调查显示1750米的食物可得性明显高于2150米和2550米，但叶猴在早期和中期更倾向于远离人类住区的高海拔地区（2000-2600米）。在习性化后期，叶猴的垂直避难选择发生了明显的逆转，叶猴向海拔较低的地区迁移，在海拔较低的地区增加了取食活动，并表现出对WNNR以外2000 m以下地区的偏好。这种向下的转变与高质量食物资源（水果和种子）的摄入增加有关。我们的研究结果表明，人类活动最初将叶猴转移到高海拔的避难所，而研究人员的持续适应可能促进了资源丰富的低海拔栖息地的重新占领。这些结果强调，仅仅依赖物种发生数据的物种分布模型和资源选择函数存在优先考虑避难所而不是生态优越栖息地的风险。我们呼吁进行更多的实地研究，以记录研究对象在人类主导的栖息地的行为转变及其对当地生态群落和人类社会的级联影响。

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引用次数: 0

Human presence and habitat availability modulate dog-wildlife interactions 人类的存在和栖息地的可用性调节狗与野生动物的相互作用

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111625

Esteban I. Cortés , Viviana Vásquez-Ibarra , Ariel A. Farías , Eduardo A. Silva-Rodríguez

The high abundance and free-ranging behavior of domestic dogs facilitate frequent interactions with wildlife through both lethal and non-lethal mechanisms, potentially altering wildlife space and time use. While previous studies have focused on habitat-scale effects, landscape-level occupancy impacts remain less explored. We investigated whether dog abundance and activity influence the spatial and temporal use of wild mammals at multiple scales across 253 sites nested within 57 landscapes in southern Chile. Dog metrics were estimated using N-mixture models and detection rates, while wild mammal responses were assessed using multi-scale occupancy and generalized linear models. Dog abundance increased with housing density and decreased with distance from houses. At the landscape scale, southern pudu (Pudu puda) occupancy declined with increasing dog activity, whereas space use at finer scales was driven by habitat variables. Chilla (Lycalopex griseus) and Darwin's foxes (Lycalopex fulvipes) responded mainly to habitat features; chillas were associated with human-modified areas and thus positively correlated with dogs, while Darwin's foxes were strongly associated with native forest. Guignas (Leopardus guigna) were present in all landscapes regardless of dog or habitat characteristics. Temporal overlap between pudus and dogs was lower than expected when co-occurring, while chilla foxes and guignas showed no temporal shifts. Our findings suggest that dog-wildlife interactions are shaped by human presence and habitat availability. Species like the southern pudu appear highly vulnerable to dog presence, whereas others, such as guignas and chillas, persist through behavioral adaptations. We highlight dog confinement as a critical conservation strategy for vulnerable species.

家犬的高数量和自由放养行为通过致命和非致命机制促进了与野生动物的频繁互动，潜在地改变了野生动物的空间和时间使用。虽然以前的研究主要集中在栖息地尺度上的影响，但景观水平的占用影响仍然很少被探索。我们在智利南部57个景观的253个地点调查了狗的丰度和活动是否影响野生哺乳动物的时空利用。使用n -混合模型和检出率估计狗的度量，而使用多尺度占用和广义线性模型评估野生哺乳动物的响应。狗的数量随房屋密度的增加而增加，随距离房屋的远近而减少。在景观尺度上，南浦都（pudu puda）占用率随狗活动的增加而下降，而在更细尺度上，空间利用受栖息地变量的驱动。灰狐（Lycalopex griseus）和达尔文狐（Lycalopex fulvipes）主要对生境特征作出反应；chillas与人类改造的区域相关，因此与狗呈正相关，而达尔文狐狸与原始森林密切相关。无论犬类或生境特征如何，所有景观中都有金斑羚的存在。当同时发生时，普多斯和狗之间的时间重叠比预期的要低，而辣椒狐狸和豚鼠之间没有时间变化。我们的研究结果表明，狗与野生动物的互动是由人类的存在和栖息地的可用性决定的。像南方普渡这样的物种在狗的存在下显得非常脆弱，而其他物种，如鬣蜥和chillas，则通过行为适应而坚持下来。我们强调狗的禁闭作为一个关键的保护策略，为脆弱的物种。

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引用次数: 0

Land cover mediates predator effects on urban deer mouse abundance 土地覆盖调节捕食者对城市鹿鼠丰度的影响

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111640

Rachel N. Larson , Heather A. Sander , Mason Fidino

Urbanization alters biodiversity, contributing to habitat loss and fragmentation and non-native species introductions. Despite these changes, urban environments provide habitat for many species and could be managed to support diverse wildlife communities. However, we do not fully understand species' responses to urban environments or the mechanisms that drive them, particularly how species interactions (e.g., predation) affect urban populations. This lack of understanding restricts our ability to manage urban habitats to support wildlife communities rather than individual species. We sought to understand how urbanization affects and interacts with predator distributions to influence the abundance of small mammalian prey. We identified the impacts of urban land cover and predator occurrence on population persistence and recruitment of deer mice (Peromyscus spp.) using a hierarchical Bayesian abundance model. Mouse population persistence was lower when domestic cat (Felis catus) occupancy was high. However, persistence probabilities increased as native vegetation cover increased, even when cat occupancy was high at those naturally-vegetated sites. In contrast, mouse persistence was unrelated to red fox (Vulpes vulpes) occupancy. Our results strengthen mounting evidence that free-ranging cats negatively affect native prey populations, especially where human-modified land cover is high, and demonstrate a loss of prey population regulation for urban native mammalian predators. We further provide the first evidence that urban mouse populations exhibit low persistence and high recruitment, and thus are spatially and temporally dynamic. Managing free-ranging cats and providing structural heterogeneity in vegetation are critical for maintaining urban small mammalian prey and trophic systems in cities.

城市化改变了生物多样性，导致栖息地丧失和破碎化以及非本地物种的引入。尽管有这些变化，城市环境为许多物种提供了栖息地，并且可以管理以支持多样化的野生动物群落。然而，我们并不完全了解物种对城市环境的反应或驱动它们的机制，特别是物种相互作用（例如，捕食）如何影响城市人口。这种缺乏理解限制了我们管理城市栖息地以支持野生动物群落而不是单个物种的能力。我们试图了解城市化如何影响并与捕食者分布相互作用，从而影响小型哺乳动物猎物的丰度。利用贝叶斯丰度模型，研究了城市土地覆盖和捕食者发生对鹿鼠种群持久性和招募的影响。当家猫（Felis catus）占用率高时，小鼠种群持久性较低。然而，随着原生植被覆盖的增加，即使在那些自然植被覆盖的地点，猫的占用率很高，持续的可能性也会增加。相比之下，小鼠持久性与红狐（Vulpes Vulpes）的占用无关。我们的研究结果进一步证实了自由放养的猫对本地猎物种群的负面影响，特别是在人类改造土地覆盖率高的地方，并证明了城市本地哺乳动物捕食者猎物种群调节的丧失。我们进一步提供了第一个证据，表明城市小鼠种群表现出低持久性和高招募性，因此在空间和时间上是动态的。管理自由放养的猫和提供植被结构异质性对于维持城市小型哺乳动物猎物和城市营养系统至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

From local species monitoring to global value chain impacts: A starting point for assessing biodiversity impacts of higher education institutions 从本地物种监测到全球价值链影响：高等教育机构生物多样性影响评估的起点

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111613

Valentin Schlecht , David Becker , Jan Lask , Jan Weik , Luca Pollozek , Moritz von Cossel , Iris Lewandowski , Ann-Catrin Fender

The loss of biodiversity threatens global environmental stability and socio-economic resilience. The protection of ecosystems and their services through habitat conservation and species preservation requires all stakeholders to assess and disclose their impacts on biodiversity. Higher education institutions (HEIs) play a critical role in this, acting as research centres, educators, sustainability leaders, and stewards of local ecosystems. Although many organizations monitor their carbon footprints, biodiversity and habitat assessments remain underutilized in decision-making, despite their importance in identifying conservation priorities and supporting nature-positive strategies.

This study compares insights from a direct, campus-level biodiversity survey (BioBlitz) with those of an indirect, consumption-based, environmentally extended input–output life cycle assessment (EEIO-LCA). While local surveys yield site-specific, actionable data, they often lack systematic coverage and baseline reference conditions. By contrast, EEIO-LCA identifies procurement-related biodiversity pressures but suffers from aggregation and limited ecological interpretability. Integrating these complementary perspectives remains challenging due to mismatches in scale and metrics.

We discuss a pathway towards integration through harmonized habitat baselines, improved supplier and regional data granularity, regionalized characterization factors, and hybrid LCA approaches. A staged roadmap that strengthens each method independently, standardizes uncertainty translation, and cautiously tests bridging indicators can guide HEIs towards robust, integrated biodiversity accounting. By contributing our baseline and discussion to the Nature Positive Universities Alliance's common repository of methods and case studies, we can benchmark progress, harmonize data standards (e.g. supplier origin disclosure, monitoring design) and co-create scalable interventions.

生物多样性的丧失威胁着全球环境的稳定和社会经济的复原力。通过栖息地保护和物种保护来保护生态系统及其服务，需要所有利益攸关方评估和披露其对生物多样性的影响。高等教育机构（HEIs）在这方面发挥着关键作用，充当着研究中心、教育工作者、可持续发展领导者和当地生态系统的管理者。尽管许多组织监测其碳足迹，但生物多样性和栖息地评估在决策中仍未得到充分利用，尽管它们在确定保护优先事项和支持自然积极战略方面具有重要意义。本研究比较了直接的校园级生物多样性调查（BioBlitz）与间接的、基于消费的、环境扩展的投入产出生命周期评估（EEIO-LCA）的见解。虽然当地调查产生了具体地点的、可操作的数据，但它们往往缺乏系统的覆盖范围和基准参考条件。相比之下，EEIO-LCA识别了与采购相关的生物多样性压力，但存在聚集性和有限的生态可解释性。由于规模和度量的不匹配，整合这些互补的观点仍然具有挑战性。我们通过协调栖息地基线、改进供应商和区域数据粒度、区区化特征因子和混合LCA方法讨论了实现整合的途径。一个分阶段的路线图可以独立地加强每种方法，使不确定性转换标准化，并谨慎地测试桥接指标，从而指导高等教育机构建立健全、综合的生物多样性核算。通过将我们的基线和讨论贡献给自然积极大学联盟的共同方法和案例研究库，我们可以对进展进行基准测试，协调数据标准（例如供应商来源披露、监测设计），并共同创建可扩展的干预措施。

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引用次数: 0

Forest-to-agriculture conversion drives collapse of regenerative and adult tropical tree communities 森林向农业的转变导致再生和成年热带树木群落的崩溃

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111624

Tom Grandjean , Víctor Arroyo-Rodríguez , Juan Núñez-Farfán , Miguel Martínez-Ramos

Understanding the effects of landscape-scale forest loss on the regenerative potential of tropical rainforests—measured through the abundance, species diversity, and composition of infant and juvenile trees—is essential for biodiversity conservation in human-modified landscapes. However, this topic remains poorly understood, particularly with regard to ecological thresholds, i.e., levels of forest cover below which regenerative potential may collapse. We sampled infant (<130 cm in height), juvenile (≥130 cm height and <10 cm DBH), and adult (≥10 cm DBH) trees across fourteen 1-km2 landscapes spanning a gradient of ∼0 to 100% forest cover in a biodiverse tropical rainforest region of southeastern Mexico. We assessed the impact of forest loss on tree density, species diversity, compositional integrity—defined as the proportion of species shared between fully forested and increasingly deforested landscapes—for each life stage, and compositional differences between them. All community attributes declined with forest loss across life stages, with more pronounced decreases in highly degraded landscapes. Our results indicate that maintaining more than 30% forest cover is critical to preserving the forest's regenerative potential. Below this threshold, assemblage density and species composition in regenerating communities sharply decline and begin to diverge from adult assemblages. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating forest cover thresholds into conservation strategies in human-modified tropical rainforest landscapes.

了解景观尺度森林损失对热带雨林再生潜力的影响——通过丰富度、物种多样性和幼树和幼树的组成来衡量——对于人类改造景观的生物多样性保护至关重要。然而，人们对这个问题的了解仍然很少，特别是关于生态阈值，即低于再生潜力可能崩溃的森林覆盖水平。在墨西哥东南部一个生物多样性的热带雨林地区，我们在14个1平方公里的景观中取样了幼树（高度为130厘米）、幼树（高度≥130厘米，胸径≥10厘米）和成树（胸径≥10厘米）。我们评估了森林损失对每个生命阶段树木密度、物种多样性、组成完整性的影响，以及它们之间的组成差异。组成完整性被定义为完全森林和日益森林砍伐的景观之间共有的物种比例。在整个生命阶段，所有群落属性都随着森林损失而下降，在高度退化的景观中下降更为明显。我们的研究结果表明，保持30%以上的森林覆盖率对保护森林的再生潜力至关重要。低于这个阈值，再生群落的群落密度和物种组成急剧下降，并开始与成虫群落分化。这些发现强调了将森林覆盖阈值纳入人类改造的热带雨林景观保护战略的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Drivers of human-saiga antelope conflict in semi-arid rangelands of West Kazakhstan 哈萨克斯坦西部半干旱草原上人类与赛加羚羊冲突的驱动因素

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111631

Alyona Koshkina , Ilya Smelansky , Aida Tabelinova , Genevieve Stephens , Sorrel Jones , Albert Salemgareev , Michele Bowe , Adam Devenish

The saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica), a keystone species of the Eurasian steppe biome, has recovered from near extinction in the early 2000s to a population of 2.8 million by 2024. This remarkable recovery has transformed the species into a global conservation success story. However rapidly increasing populations have also reshaped the nature of human-wildlife interactions and intensified conflicts in parts of their range, particularly in western Kazakhstan, which hosts over half of the global saiga population.

To assess the extent, nature and drivers of this human-saiga conflict we conducted an interdisciplinary study combining semi-structured interviews (n = 112; thematically coded), participatory mapping, and geospatial analyses across four districts of the West Kazakhstan Province during 2022–23. We identified four main conflict drivers: (1) damage to haymaking lands, (2) competition with livestock over scarce freshwater resources, (3) competition for grazing lands and (4) the perceived risk of saiga spreading zoonotic diseases to livestock. Spatial mapping identified over 60 potential hotspots of water usage conflicts due to overlapping saiga-livestock densities, limited water availability, and intense grazing pressure. These conflicts are exacerbated during drought conditions and peak in seasons of heightened resource demand, such as saiga calving and winter grazing periods.

Our findings extend beyond the immediate context of saiga-human interactions. By combining spatial ecological data (saiga occurrence, livestock densities, and water availability) with local community perceptions, we identified areas of conflict and their underlying drivers, offering actionable insights into mitigation strategies. These include restoring water infrastructure, implementing participatory management approaches, and developing compensation mechanisms to offset resource losses. The study underscores the urgent need for adaptive conservation frameworks that balance the ecological imperatives of species recovery with the livelihoods of pastoralist communities. These insights are critical for addressing similar conservation challenges globally, particularly in comparable rangeland systems experiencing rapid ecological and socio-economic change.

赛加羚羊（saiga tatarica）是欧亚草原生物群系的重要物种，从21世纪初的濒临灭绝恢复到2024年的280万。这种显著的恢复使该物种成为全球保护的成功案例。然而，人口的迅速增长也改变了人类与野生动物相互作用的性质，并加剧了其部分活动范围内的冲突，特别是在拥有全球一半以上赛加羚羊种群的哈萨克斯坦西部。为了评估这种人类与赛加羚羊冲突的程度、性质和驱动因素，我们在2022-23年期间在西哈萨克斯坦省的四个地区进行了一项跨学科研究，结合半结构化访谈（n = 112；主题编码）、参与式绘图和地理空间分析。我们确定了四个主要的冲突驱动因素：(1)对干草地的破坏；(2)与牲畜争夺稀缺的淡水资源；(3)对牧场的竞争；(4)赛加羚羊向牲畜传播人畜共患疾病的感知风险。空间制图确定了60多个水资源利用冲突的潜在热点，原因是赛加羚羊与牲畜密度重叠、水资源可用性有限和放牧压力大。这些冲突在干旱条件下加剧，在资源需求增加的季节（如赛加羚羊产犊和冬季放牧期）达到高峰。我们的发现超越了赛加羚羊与人类互动的直接背景。通过将空间生态数据（赛加羚羊发生、牲畜密度和水资源供应）与当地社区的看法相结合，我们确定了冲突地区及其潜在驱动因素，为缓解战略提供了可行的见解。这些措施包括恢复水基础设施、实施参与性管理方法以及制定补偿机制以抵消资源损失。该研究强调，迫切需要建立适应性保护框架，以平衡物种恢复的生态需求与牧民社区的生计。这些见解对于解决全球类似的保护挑战至关重要，特别是在经历快速生态和社会经济变化的类似牧场系统中。

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引用次数: 0