Biological Conservation最新文献_第6页

Species-habitat networks inform pollinator conservation strategies in cities 物种-栖息地网络为城市传粉者保护策略提供信息

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111680

Costanza Geppert , Andree Cappellari , Maurizio Mei , Dino Paniccia , Lorenzo Marini

As more people live in cities, research on the ecological role of urban green for pollinators is accumulating. However, most studies have focused on the diversity patterns at the local scale, while an urgent question is to understand how to manage whole cities to maximise pollinator conservation.

Here, we selected 105 sites belonging to 6 habitat types (abandoned meadows, crop field margins, gardens, parks, parks managed with a pollinator friendly mowing regime, and road margins) in the city of Padua (Italy). We sampled bees and hoverflies using transect walks, from spring to late summer, and analysed species-habitat networks to understand how pollinator communities were organized across urban green areas.

We found that most pollinator species interacted with most habitat types in the city, creating a highly generalistic and robust network. Compared to all other habitats, road margins had a very small influence over the network and hosted the lowest pollinator abundance and species richness. Green areas in the landscape positively affected wild bees but local patch quality, in terms of flowers and low mowing regime, was key. Network robustness decreased when the patches with the highest quality were removed first, and pollinators depended on the patches with the highest flower cover and vegetation height.

Except for road margins, all habitat patches could support pollinator species. Therefore, urban planning strategies could be tailored without considering habitat identity, for example by increasing the overall amount of green areas and by implementing management practices that enhance the floral resources across all urban green spaces.

随着越来越多的人居住在城市，关于城市绿化对传粉昆虫的生态作用的研究也在不断积累。然而，大多数研究都集中在局部尺度上的多样性模式，而如何管理整个城市以最大限度地保护传粉媒介是一个迫切的问题。在这里，我们选择了意大利帕多瓦市6种栖息地类型（废弃草甸、农田边缘、花园、公园、采用传粉媒介友好刈割制度管理的公园和道路边缘）的105个地点。从春季到夏末，我们对蜜蜂和食蚜蝇进行了取样，并分析了物种栖息地网络，以了解传粉者群落是如何在城市绿地上组织起来的。我们发现，大多数传粉媒介物种与城市中大多数栖息地类型相互作用，形成了一个高度通用和强大的网络。与所有其他生境相比，道路边缘对网络的影响非常小，并且承载的传粉媒介丰度和物种丰富度最低。景观中的绿色区域对野生蜜蜂有积极影响，但就花卉和低刈割制度而言，当地斑块的质量是关键。当首先去除质量最高的斑块时，网络鲁棒性降低，传粉者依赖于花盖度和植被高度最高的斑块。除道路边缘外，所有生境斑块均能支持传粉媒介。因此，城市规划策略可以在不考虑栖息地特征的情况下量身定制，例如通过增加绿地总面积和实施管理措施来增强所有城市绿地的花卉资源。

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引用次数: 0

Have we learned our lesson from fires of 2024 in Brazil? 我们从2024年巴西大火中吸取教训了吗？

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111691

Klécia Massi , Alessandra Fidelis , Nathália Nascimento , Vânia Pivello , Jerônimo Sansevero , Leandro Reverberi-Tambosi

The alarming 2023–2024 fire season, with over 390 million hectares burned globally, reveals a pervasive environmental crisis affecting both fire sensitive and fire adapted ecosystems. We evaluated annual burned area trends in Brazil from 1985 to 2024 using a robust trajectory analysis, revealing complex and alarming patterns. Our findings highlight significant increasing and reversal trends in critical biomes like the Amazon and Cerrado, alongside record-breaking fire seasons in regions previously considered stable, with important ecological and human health implications. The fire dynamics is a consequence of a complex interplay of land use changes, climate extremes, and environmental policies adopted later than its corresponding problems emerge. The solutions for this global crisis demand an urgent, comprehensive Integrated Fire Management (IFM) approach and its effective implementation depends on robust multi-actor governance, substantial funding for agencies, and strong international cooperation. The upcoming COP 30 in Brazil presents a pivotal opportunity to elevate wildfire prevention and management as a global priority.

令人担忧的2023-2024年火灾季节，全球火灾面积超过3.9亿公顷，表明普遍存在的环境危机影响着火灾敏感生态系统和适应火灾的生态系统。我们评估了巴西从1985年到2024年的年度燃烧面积趋势，使用强大的轨迹分析，揭示了复杂和惊人的模式。我们的研究结果强调了亚马逊和塞拉多等关键生物群落的显着增加和逆转趋势，以及以前被认为稳定的地区破纪录的火灾季节，具有重要的生态和人类健康影响。火灾动态是土地利用变化、极端气候和环境政策的复杂相互作用的结果，而环境政策的采取晚于相应问题的出现。这场全球危机的解决方案需要紧急、全面的综合火灾管理（IFM）方法，其有效实施取决于强有力的多主体治理、为各机构提供大量资金以及强有力的国际合作。即将在巴西召开的缔约方大会第三十次会议为将野火预防和管理提升为全球优先事项提供了一个关键机会。

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引用次数: 0

Fishing patterns shaped by history, place, and access leave lasting ecological signatures on coral reef fish assemblages 受历史、地点和通道影响的捕捞模式在珊瑚礁鱼类群落中留下了持久的生态印记

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111675

Radhika Nair , Siddhi Jaishankar , Mayukh Dey , Wenzel Pinto , B.T. Rajeswari Bhai , Teresa Alcoverro , Rohan Arthur

As global demand for seafood increases, reef fisheries expand with increasing mobility and market integration. Yet, many remain small-scale and informally regulated, where place-based knowledge shapes how fishing is distributed across space and between diverse resource users. These social geographies impact reef fish assemblages, with consequences for ecosystem function. However, this is challenging to document in data-poor fisheries. We used a mixed-methods approach with i. interview surveys to characterise perceptions of catch availability, spatial patterns and intensity of reef fishing and ii. in-water surveys to quantify the impact of fishing on fish communities, in the Lakshadweep archipelago (Indian Ocean). We found that although the fishery is nominally open access, subsistence fishing was limited to a distinct ‘home resource catchment’; confined to reefs proximate to inhabited islands. The recently emerged commercial reef fishery maintains profitability by focusing on distant, uninhabited atolls that have not experienced historical pressure and are perceived as richer fishing grounds. This represents a ‘spatial fix’, where problems of overaccumulation are solved by expanding or restructuring geographical space. Historically fished, proximate reefs are associated with significantly lower biomass (up to 69.8 %) and abundance (up to 97.14 %) of target predator species than reefs of distant, uninhabited atolls. The densely populated capital atoll shows the strongest fishing impacts with significant differences in size structure and community composition as well. Our approach reveals nuances in how subsistence and commercial fishers navigate shared resources and highlights a critical need for careful understanding of the social geographies of reef use.

随着全球对海产品需求的增加，珊瑚礁渔业随着流动性和市场一体化的增加而扩大。然而，许多渔业仍然是小规模的，受到非正式的监管，基于地方的知识决定了渔业如何在空间上和不同资源使用者之间分布。这些社会地理位置影响了珊瑚鱼的聚集，从而影响了生态系统的功能。然而，在数据匮乏的渔业中记录这一情况具有挑战性。我们使用了一种混合方法的方法：1 .访谈调查来描述对捕捞可用性、空间模式和珊瑚礁捕捞强度的看法；在Lakshadweep群岛（印度洋）进行水中调查，以量化捕鱼对鱼类群落的影响。我们发现，虽然渔业名义上是开放的，但自给渔业仅限于一个独特的“家庭资源集水区”；局限于靠近有人居住的岛屿的暗礁。最近出现的商业珊瑚礁渔业通过将重点放在遥远的无人居住的环礁上来维持盈利，这些环礁没有经历过历史压力，被认为是更丰富的渔场。这代表了一种“空间修复”，通过扩大或重组地理空间来解决过度积累的问题。从历史上看，近地珊瑚礁的生物量（高达69.8%）和目标捕食者物种的丰度（高达97.14%）明显低于遥远的无人居住的环礁。人口密集的首都环礁对渔业的影响最大，其大小结构和群落组成也存在显著差异。我们的方法揭示了生计渔民和商业渔民如何在共享资源中导航的细微差别，并强调了仔细理解珊瑚礁使用的社会地理的迫切需要。

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引用次数: 0

Inbred source populations result in genetic rescue of imperiled trout populations 近交系源种群导致濒危鳟鱼种群的遗传拯救

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111677

Donovan A. Bell , Ryan P. Kovach , Zachary Robinson , Anthony Dangora , Jason Mullen , Alex Poole , Jim Olsen , Ronald Spoon , Coltan Pipinich , Lee Nelson , Andrew R. Whiteley

Genetic rescue—assisted translocation to reduce inbreeding and increase population viability—is a promising conservation strategy for mitigating the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation. Most empirical studies of genetic rescue conducted in the wild focus on single populations, where environmental variability and concurrent management actions confound results. Moreover, nearly all genetic rescue studies in wild populations rely on outbred sources, but inbred donor populations are often the only available option for imperiled species. We conducted a rare experimental test of genetic rescue using wild, isolated westslope cutthroat trout populations with severely elevated levels of inbreeding. A small number of fish were translocated from inbred sources into four isolated recipient populations spanning a gradient of genetic variation and inbreeding. To explicitly evaluate effects of genetic rescue, we developed an integrated population model (IPM) that incorporates Mendelian inheritance and ancestry-specific vital rates. Three recipient populations with the highest degrees of inbreeding showed increased genetic variation, aggregate fitness, and abundance. There was a scaling effect of genetic rescue, with the strongest responses in the most inbred populations. Importantly, we provide strong evidence that inbred donor populations can facilitate genetic rescue, providing critical empirical support for genetic rescue as a viable conservation strategy for many threatened taxa in which ideal (outbred) donor populations no longer exist.

遗传救援-辅助易位以减少近亲繁殖和增加种群生存能力-是一种很有前途的保护策略，可以减轻栖息地丧失和破碎化的影响。大多数在野外进行的遗传救援实证研究都集中在单个种群上，其中环境的可变性和同时进行的管理行动会混淆结果。此外，几乎所有野生种群的遗传救援研究都依赖于近亲繁殖，但近亲繁殖的供体种群往往是濒危物种的唯一选择。我们进行了一项罕见的遗传救援实验，使用野生的，孤立的西坡切喉鳟鱼种群，近亲繁殖水平严重升高。少数鱼类从近交系转移到四个孤立的受体群体，跨越遗传变异和近交系的梯度。为了明确评估遗传拯救的效果，我们开发了一个综合种群模型（IPM），该模型结合了孟德尔遗传和祖先特异性生命率。近交程度最高的3个受体群体遗传变异、总体适应度和丰度均有所增加。遗传拯救存在规模效应，在大多数近亲繁殖的种群中反应最强。重要的是，我们提供了强有力的证据，表明近交供体群体可以促进遗传救援，为遗传救援作为一种可行的保护策略提供了关键的经验支持，在许多受威胁的分类群中，理想的（近交）供体群体不再存在。

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引用次数: 0

The responsibility of Western European coastal states for the conservation of two emblematic migratory seabirds in the context of offshore wind farms 在海上风力发电场的背景下，西欧沿海国家对保护两种具有象征意义的候鸟的责任

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111678

Alice Bernard , Nicolas Courbin , Jérémy Tornos , Tristan J.B. Martin , Mathilde Lejeune , Aurélien Prudor , Pascal Provost , Adrien Lambrechts , Chris P. Gaskin , Jérôme Cabelguen , Matthieu Bécot , Frédéric Jiguet , David Grémillet

Studying fine-scale movements of seabirds during migration is logistically challenging, but GPS technologies allow accurate tracking of individuals on their migratory journeys. Such data provide essential information in the context of offshore wind farm (OWF) developments, notably to anticipate spatial OWF overlap with migratory corridors and main foraging areas used along the routes of vulnerable species. Using high-precision GPS-GSM tags, we investigated the end of summer, southbound migration of two emblematic seabirds of French waters: Juvenile and adult Northern gannets Morus bassanus, and adult Balearic shearwaters Puffinus mauretanicus. Both species travel along the Southwestern European coast, between the Bay of Biscay and Western Africa, or the Mediterranean Sea. Adult gannets thereby migrate through the EEZ of up to 10 countries, six for juvenile gannet, and four for shearwaters. Combining behavioural segmentation based on hidden Markov models and utilization distribution modelling, we found that between two and 6 % of migration routes overlapped with proposed OWFs, with similar impacts on transit and foraging/resting areas. Studied seabirds were most at risk within Portuguese compared to Spanish waters, as they flew closest to OWFs (<10 km on average). While massive OWF developments are being planned within Western European coastal areas, our study suggests that offshore developments should be set >22 km away from the coast, to preserve transnational seabird migratory corridors.

研究海鸟在迁徙过程中的精细运动在后勤上是具有挑战性的，但GPS技术可以精确地跟踪个体的迁徙旅程。这些数据为海上风电场（OWF）的发展提供了必要的信息，特别是预测海上风电场与迁徙走廊和沿脆弱物种路线使用的主要觅食区域的空间重叠。利用高精度GPS-GSM标签，研究了夏末法国海域两种标志性海鸟：幼鱼和成年塘鹅Morus bassanus，以及成年巴利阿里海鸥Puffinus mauretanicus的南下迁徙。这两个物种都沿着欧洲西南部海岸，比斯开湾和西非之间，或地中海旅行。因此，成年塘鹅通过多达10个国家的专属经济区迁徙，6个为幼塘鹅，4个为海鸥。结合基于隐马尔可夫模型的行为分割和利用分布模型，我们发现2%至6%的迁徙路线与建议的owf重叠，对过境和觅食/休息区域的影响相似。与西班牙水域相比，被研究的海鸟在葡萄牙水域的风险最大，因为它们飞得离owf最近（平均10公里）。虽然西欧沿海地区正在规划大规模的海洋生物保护区开发，但我们的研究表明，离岸开发应设置在距离海岸22公里的地方，以保护跨国海鸟迁徙走廊。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating the ecological effectiveness of landscape-level collaborative conservation: A case study targeting wild bees 景观级协同保护的生态效益评价：以野生蜜蜂为例

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111682

Klara Leander Oh , Ivo Raemakers , Jeroen Scheper , Mats de Boer , Joan Díaz-Calafat , Anne Hage , Ruud van Kats , David Kingma , Hanna Keurhorst-van Krimpen , Thirza M. de Kruijff , Wouter G. Oe , Frank Rooijakkers , Maarten Frank van der Schee , Janneke Scheeres , David Kleijn

Collaborative multi-actor conservation has been heralded as an effective way to address historical biodiversity loss because it makes landscape-level multi-habitat management strategies possible. However, its ecological effectiveness is not well understood. We examine a multi-actor approach in which 11 organisations collaborated to enhance wild bees in a 30 km² landscape in the south of the Netherlands. Using a novel study design for landscape-level conservation initiatives, we compared six-year trends in wild bee abundance and species richness and flower cover and species richness in 47 sites with bee-friendly management aimed at increasing the spatio-temporal availability of flowers in five habitats (extensive pastures, road verges, field margins, hedgerows, water retention sites) with trends in similar numbers of conventionally managed controls inside and outside the landscape. Overall, wild bee abundance and species richness increased in sites with bee-friendly management relative to controls, though effectiveness varied by habitat. Across all sites, bee-friendly management resulted in significantly more positive trends in flower cover than in control sites, yet trends in managed sites were stable rather than increasing and flower cover declined by approximately 46 % in control sites. The implementation success of bee-friendly management varied by habitat type and year, and was a key factor underlying the ecological effectiveness of said management. Our results suggest that coordinated collaborative approaches across complementary habitats can produce conservation benefits, but that success depends on effective communication with and consistent participation of actors, guidance by a coordinator, and continuous monitoring of management implementation and ecological outcomes.

多主体协作保护被认为是解决历史上生物多样性丧失的有效途径，因为它使景观级多生境管理战略成为可能。然而，其生态效益尚未得到很好的了解。我们研究了一种多参与者方法，其中11个组织合作在荷兰南部30平方公里的景观中增强野生蜜蜂。采用一种新颖的景观级保护举措研究设计，我们比较了47个蜜蜂友好型管理地点的野生蜜蜂丰度、物种丰富度、花覆盖和物种丰富度的6年趋势，这些管理旨在增加5种栖息地（广阔的牧场、道路边缘、田野边缘、树篱、蓄水点）的花的时空可用性，并与景观内外类似数量的常规管理控制的趋势进行了比较。总体而言，在蜜蜂友好管理的地点，野生蜜蜂的丰度和物种丰富度相对于对照有所增加，尽管有效性因栖息地而异。在所有样点中，蜜蜂友好型管理导致花盖度的积极趋势明显高于对照样点，但管理样点的趋势保持稳定而不是增加，对照样点的花盖度下降了约46%。不同生境类型和年份对蜜蜂友好管理的实施效果不同，这是影响蜜蜂友好管理生态效果的关键因素。我们的研究结果表明，跨互补栖息地的协调合作方法可以产生保护效益，但这一成功取决于行动者之间的有效沟通和持续参与，协调者的指导，以及管理实施和生态结果的持续监测。

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引用次数: 0

Context matters: German public perceptions of trophy hunting in sub-Saharan Africa 背景很重要：德国公众对撒哈拉以南非洲战利品狩猎的看法

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111681

Emu-Felicitas Ostermann-Miyashita , Sophia Hibler , Lovemore Sibanda , Darragh Hare

Proposed bans on the import of hunting trophies from African countries to Europe continue to spark international political tensions and public debate. Despite heated debates in Germany, Europe's largest and the world's second largest importer, empirical evidence on public perceptions is limited. Using an experimental vignette approach, we administered an online questionnaire to 882 rural and urban German participants and used ordinal regression to assess the acceptability of trophy hunting of African elephants and zebras. Overall acceptability was low, with 59.7–90.8 % of participants rating the hunting scenarios as unacceptable to a certain extent, but varied by context: while hunting a zebra was more acceptable than an elephant, participants showed consistency in whether they prioritised the need of people or that of wildlife, both in the usage of the hunted meat and the allocation of the revenue of the hunt. We did not find evidence for a rural-urban divide, while acceptability between zebra and elephant hunts was more pronounced among rural participants. Acceptability was higher among male participants, those who prioritised the interests of people over the interests of wild animals, and those who identified as hunters. Our findings emphasise the international complexities of public opinion on contentious issues in conservation and illuminate challenges decision-makers face when balancing the interests and perspectives of multiple publics.

禁止从非洲国家向欧洲进口狩猎战利品的提议继续引发国际政治紧张局势和公众辩论。尽管在欧洲最大、世界第二大进口国德国国内争论激烈，但有关公众看法的经验证据有限。采用实验小片段法，我们对882名德国农村和城市参与者进行了在线问卷调查，并使用有序回归来评估非洲象和斑马的战利品狩猎的可接受性。总体可接受性较低，59.7 - 90.8%的参与者认为狩猎场景在一定程度上是不可接受的，但因环境而异：虽然狩猎斑马比大象更可接受，但参与者在优先考虑人的需求还是野生动物的需求方面表现出一致性，无论是在狩猎肉的使用还是狩猎收入的分配上。我们没有发现农村和城市之间存在差异的证据，而在农村参与者中，对斑马和大象狩猎的接受程度更为明显。男性参与者、那些将人类利益置于野生动物利益之上的人，以及那些自认为是猎人的人，接受度更高。我们的研究结果强调了在有争议的保护问题上公众舆论的国际复杂性，并阐明了决策者在平衡多个公众的利益和观点时所面临的挑战。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing restoration outcomes in the Brazilian Cerrado: A spatial planning framework integrating endemic lizard biodiversity, connectivity, and costs 优化巴西塞拉多地区的恢复结果：一个整合地方性蜥蜴生物多样性、连通性和成本的空间规划框架

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111673

Ana Caroline Cardoso Aragão , Ticiane de Lima Costa , Guarino Rinaldi Colli

Given the extensive loss and fragmentation of natural areas in the Brazilian Cerrado, ecological restoration of degraded lands is essential to halt biodiversity decline in this globally significant hotspot. Ambitious restoration targets, limited financial resources, and data-limited contexts demand strategies that address these challenges while ensuring cost-effectiveness. We developed an innovative spatial prioritization framework using the prioritizr package in R to identify priority areas for restoration in the Cerrado, integrating endemic lizard biodiversity, functional connectivity, and restoration costs. For species with few occurrence records, we built Species Distribution Models (SDMs) based on phylogenetic inference, applying the ENphylo method recently proposed in the literature, while conventional SDMs were used for species with sufficient records. By combining total species richness and the richness of threatened species as proxies for biodiversity value, we accounted for both conservation urgency and representativeness. Functional connectivity was assessed by quantifying the contribution of each restorable area to landscape connectivity, whereas restoration cost was estimated using natural regeneration potential as a proxy. The optimization produced an efficient and replicable solution that identified four focal regions for restoration—central, southeastern, western, and northern Cerrado—balancing ecological value with implementation feasibility. These results highlight the need for strategic restoration in regions under heavy agricultural pressure and habitat fragmentation. Our approach advances restoration planning in data-limited contexts by integrating cutting-edge biodiversity modeling and optimization tools, offering a robust framework to inform national and global restoration policies and biodiversity planning efforts across tropical ecosystems facing similar conservation and socio-economic challenges.

鉴于巴西塞拉多自然区域的广泛丧失和破碎化，退化土地的生态恢复对于阻止这一全球重要热点地区生物多样性下降至关重要。雄心勃勃的恢复目标、有限的财政资源和数据有限的环境需要在确保成本效益的同时解决这些挑战的策略。我们开发了一个创新的空间优先级框架，利用R中的优先级包来确定塞拉多的优先恢复区域，综合当地蜥蜴的生物多样性、功能连通性和恢复成本。对于发生记录较少的物种，采用文献中提出的ENphylo方法建立基于系统发育推断的物种分布模型（species Distribution Models, SDMs），而对于发生记录较多的物种则采用常规的物种分布模型。通过将物种总丰富度和受威胁物种丰富度作为生物多样性价值的代表，我们兼顾了保护的紧迫性和代表性。通过量化每个可恢复区域对景观连通性的贡献来评估功能连通性，而使用自然再生潜力作为代理来估计恢复成本。优化产生了一个高效且可复制的解决方案，确定了塞拉多中部、东南部、西部和北部四个重点恢复区域，以平衡生态价值和实施可行性。这些结果强调了在农业压力大、栖息地破碎化的地区进行战略恢复的必要性。我们的方法通过整合尖端的生物多样性建模和优化工具，在数据有限的背景下推进恢复规划，为面临类似保护和社会经济挑战的热带生态系统的国家和全球恢复政策和生物多样性规划工作提供了一个强大的框架。

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引用次数: 0

Scaling the web: Unraveling online reptile leather trade networks with machine learning and network analysis 扩展网络：用机器学习和网络分析解开在线爬行动物皮革交易网络

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111672

G.A. Petrossian , J. Lang , J. von Ferber , U. Gondhali , B. Lieu , K. Bernstein , J. Barbosa , K. Sharma , S. Chakraborty , J. Freire

Since COVID-19, the illegal wildlife trade (IWT) has made a massive transition from physical to online marketplaces, creating new challenges for identifying and tracking the trade of reptile leather products. Social network analysis has been used in the past to identify networks of key actors and generate strategies to dismantle these networks. However, these analyses have been limited to actors interacting in the physical space. We utilise machine learning (ML) and large language models (LLMs) to extract advertisements on potential illegal sales of small leather items on eBay as the case-study marketplace. We use social network analysis to identify key actors, products, and eBay sites where these activities occur, and network percolation analysis to determine which network disruption strategies offer the most optimal network dismantlement. We found that online reptile leather trade is highly concentrated, with a small number of species, product types, and countries dominating the market, especially for such luxury products as crocodile bags. Network percolation analyses revealed that targeted interventions focusing on high-degree product types (rather than sellers or shipping countries) are most effective at disrupting the market. These findings suggest that regulatory agencies should prioritise enforcement at key market chokepoints by requiring all online listings of reptile leather products to display valid CITES permits, include the full scientific and common species names, and show non-reusable CITES tags in product images. E-commerce platforms like eBay must enforce these requirements to ensure compliance with domestic and international wildlife trade laws.

自2019冠状病毒病以来，非法野生动物贸易已从实体市场大规模过渡到在线市场，为识别和跟踪爬行动物皮革制品贸易带来了新的挑战。社会网络分析在过去被用来识别关键行为者的网络，并产生拆除这些网络的策略。然而，这些分析仅限于在物理空间中相互作用的参与者。我们利用机器学习（ML）和大型语言模型（llm）来提取eBay上潜在的非法销售小皮革物品的广告作为案例研究市场。我们使用社会网络分析来确定这些活动发生的关键角色、产品和eBay网站，并使用网络渗透分析来确定哪种网络破坏策略提供最优的网络拆除。我们发现，网上爬行动物皮革交易高度集中，品种、产品类型和国家数量都很少，尤其是鳄鱼包等奢侈品。网络渗透分析显示，针对高程度产品类型（而不是卖家或运输国家）的有针对性干预在扰乱市场方面最有效。这些发现表明，监管机构应优先在关键的市场瓶颈处进行执法，要求所有爬行动物皮革制品的在线清单显示有效的CITES许可证，包括完整的科学和常见物种名称，并在产品图像中显示不可重复使用的CITES标签。像eBay这样的电子商务平台必须执行这些要求，以确保遵守国内和国际野生动物贸易法。

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引用次数: 0

The emergence of ecological traps in marine ecosystems: The case of seabirds and fisheries 海洋生态系统中生态陷阱的出现：以海鸟和渔业为例

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111674

Cristóbal Anguita , Alejandro Simeone , Cristián F. Estades

Human-induced rapid environmental change increasingly causes animals to select habitats of poor quality based on misleading cues, creating ecological traps that drive demographic decline and elevate extinction risk. Yet research on ecological traps has focused mainly on terrestrial and freshwater systems, while marine traps—particularly those linked to fisheries, the dominant marine industry and a potential source of traps for seabirds and other vertebrates—remain understudied. In this marine context, fisheries represent a double-edged sword for seabirds: the trophic subsidies they provide (bait, discards, and catches) offer predictable food but also attract birds to vessels, thereby increasing their risk of mortality from bycatch. Here, we analyze the interaction between seabirds' scavenging behavior and bycatch in fisheries, as well as the effect of the slow–fast life-history continuum on their vulnerability to ecological traps. Through a systematic literature review and Bayesian multilevel models accounting for phylogenetic relatedness (341 species), we show a clear preference–performance mismatch: slow-lived seabirds, such as albatrosses, are more likely to exploit fishery-derived trophic subsidies and are consequently more threatened by bycatch. Building on recent evidence that ecological traps are a common phenomenon in marine ecosystems, we propose that they should be recognized as a primary mechanism underlying seabird–fishery interactions. Moreover, incorporating ecological traps into theoretical frameworks could strengthen ecosystem-based fisheries management by clarifying the causes and consequences of fishery impacts on seabirds, enhancing the effectiveness of management and conservation strategies, and supporting the enforcement of mitigation measures.

人类引起的快速环境变化越来越多地导致动物根据误导性的线索选择质量差的栖息地，造成生态陷阱，导致人口减少，增加灭绝风险。然而，对生态陷阱的研究主要集中在陆地和淡水系统，而海洋陷阱——特别是那些与渔业有关的陷阱，主要的海洋工业和海鸟和其他脊椎动物的潜在陷阱来源——仍未得到充分研究。在这种海洋环境下，渔业对海鸟来说是一把双刃剑：它们提供的营养补贴（诱饵、丢弃物和渔获物）提供了可预测的食物，但也将鸟类吸引到船只上，从而增加了它们因副渔获物而死亡的风险。本文分析了海鸟的食腐行为与渔业副渔获物之间的相互作用，以及慢-快生活史连续体对其生态陷阱脆弱性的影响。通过系统的文献回顾和贝叶斯多层模型（341种），我们发现了明显的偏好-性能不匹配：慢活海鸟，如信天翁，更有可能利用渔业来源的营养补贴，因此更容易受到副渔获物的威胁。基于最近的证据，生态陷阱是海洋生态系统中的一种常见现象，我们建议它们应该被视为海鸟-渔业相互作用的主要机制。此外，将生态陷阱纳入理论框架可以通过澄清渔业对海鸟影响的原因和后果、提高管理和养护战略的有效性以及支持执行缓解措施来加强基于生态系统的渔业管理。

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引用次数: 0