Biological Conservation最新文献_第6页

A century of change: Many losers vs. few winners among Swiss grassland plants 一个世纪的变化：瑞士草原植物多输家少赢家

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111679

Stefan Widmer , Susanne Riedel , Manuel Babbi , Felix Herzog , Thomas Wohlgemuth , Michael Kessler , Jürgen Dengler

Grasslands in Europe are important habitats for a significant portion of the continent's biodiversity yet have undergone substantial transformations due to land use and climate changes during the 20th century. As plant species have been differentially impacted by these alterations, conservation efforts must not only consider overall species diversity but also assess changes at the individual species level. We resurveyed vegetation plots recorded in Switzerland between 1884 and 1931, covering a wide range of grassland types and elevations (300–2500 m a.s.l.), to identify plant species that have either increased or decreased in frequency and those that have experienced elevational shifts. Our findings reveal a predominance of decreasing species (losers) compared to increasing species (winners), with this pattern weakening at higher elevations. Notably, declines affected both rare and common species, the latter often being overlooked in conservation strategies. Decreases were most frequently associated with geophytes and species adapted to low nutrient conditions and cooler temperatures. While the proportion of neophytes increased at the expense of indigenous species and archaeophytes, it remained low overall. The upward shifts in mean elevation of many species appeared to be primarily driven by intensified land use at lower elevations, whereas climate change was likely a more significant factor at higher elevations, where human influence is less intense. The results underscore the need for enhanced conservation measures to preserve and restore grassland habitats, limit eutrophication (especially at lower elevations), and take action against climate change to allow mountain regions to function as refugia for some species.

欧洲的草原是该大陆很大一部分生物多样性的重要栖息地，但在20世纪，由于土地利用和气候变化，草原发生了重大变化。由于植物物种受到这些变化的不同影响，保护工作不仅要考虑整体物种多样性，而且要评估单个物种水平的变化。我们重新调查了瑞士1884年至1931年间记录的植被样地，覆盖了广泛的草地类型和海拔高度（300-2500 m a.s.l），以确定频率增加或减少的植物物种以及经历海拔变化的植物物种。我们的研究结果表明，减少的物种（输家）比增加的物种（赢家）占优势，这种模式在高海拔地区减弱。值得注意的是，稀有物种和普通物种都受到影响，后者往往在保护策略中被忽视。减少最常与地植物和适应低营养条件和较低温度的物种有关。虽然新植物的比例以牺牲本地物种和古植物为代价而增加，但总体上仍然很低。许多物种平均海拔的上升似乎主要是由低海拔地区土地利用的集约化驱动的，而在人类影响不那么强烈的高海拔地区，气候变化可能是一个更重要的因素。结果强调需要加强保护措施，以保护和恢复草原栖息地，限制富营养化（特别是在低海拔地区），并采取行动应对气候变化，使山区成为某些物种的避难所。

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引用次数: 0

Priorities for conservation rely heavily on discovery and assessments 保护的优先次序在很大程度上依赖于发现和评估

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111689

Harith Farooq , Craig Hilton-Taylor , Michael Hoffmann , Carsten Rahbek , Jonas Geldmann

The Red List is one of the most important and widely used sources of biodiversity information, providing conservation assessments for nearly 160,000 species. Here, we assess how the change in available Red List data can influence the selection of spatial conservation priorities and which regions are identified as most critical for conservation. We mapped biodiversity importance based on species ranges and threat status at ∼25 km, ∼50 km, and ∼ 100 km resolutions for two time points: 2010 and 2023. We then analyzed shifts in the top 10 % and 25 % most important areas for biodiversity at global and national levels between the two time points. We find that, globally, conservation priorities shifted over time from higher-income to lower-income countries. Nationally, priority areas in 2010 and 2023 were on average 60 % retained and over 40 % of countries experienced a shift in over half of their priority areas between the two years. Beyond showing large shifts within countries of which areas would be the most important to preserve, our analysis highlights an increasing focus on biodiversity research in developing nations. These shifts showcase the uneven global sampling of biodiversity, which skews our understanding of where to invest to efficiently conserve nature. We recommend increased funding for geographically representative field data collection, and the inclusion of explicit guidelines for regular updates in biodiversity frameworks to ensure conservation strategies remain effective.

红色名录是生物多样性信息最重要和最广泛使用的来源之一，为近16万种物种提供了保护评估。在这里，我们评估了可用红色名录数据的变化如何影响空间保护优先级的选择，以及哪些区域被认为是最重要的保护区域。我们在2010年和2023年两个时间点分别以~ 25公里、~ 50公里和~ 100公里的分辨率绘制了基于物种范围和威胁状况的生物多样性重要性图。然后，我们分析了两个时间点之间全球和国家层面生物多样性最重要的前10%和25%地区的变化。我们发现，在全球范围内，随着时间的推移，保护重点从高收入国家转移到了低收入国家。在全国范围内，2010年和2023年的优先领域平均保留了60%，超过40%的国家在两年间有一半以上的优先领域发生了变化。我们的分析除了显示出国家内部哪些地区最需要保护的巨大变化之外，还强调了发展中国家对生物多样性研究的日益关注。这些变化显示了全球生物多样性采样的不平衡，这扭曲了我们对在哪里投资以有效保护自然的理解。我们建议增加对具有地理代表性的实地数据收集的资助，并在生物多样性框架中纳入定期更新的明确指导方针，以确保保护战略保持有效。

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引用次数: 0

Açaí management intensification impoverishes Amazonian avian assemblages in estuarine forests Açaí强化管理使河口森林的亚马逊鸟类群落变得贫瘠

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2026.111710

Madson Antonio Benjamin Freitas , Raphael Vasconcelos Nunes , Maria Aparecida Lopes , Caio Crisley Moura Soares , Thiago Sanna Freire Silva , Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira , Marcelo Tabarelli , Alexander Charles Lees

Non-timber forest product (NTFP) exploitation has emerged as an alternative to deforestation in human-modified landscapes, but their overexploitation can also reduce biodiversity if it leads to chronic habitat degradation. This study investigates the effects of management intensification on the taxonomic and functional diversity of bird assemblages in Amazonian floodplain forests. The management is directed at enhancing açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) density for fruit production in the estuarine floodplains of Pará, Brazil. We explored community change across a gradient of açaí palm density ranging from 11 to 1430 clumps.ha⁻¹ and we used multimodel inference to assess its effects on the richness, abundance, and functional attributes of bird guilds. We found that increasing açaí density was negatively correlated with species richness at local and landscape scales, leading to shifts in richness and composition especially negatively impacting insectivores and ‘forest dependent species’, whilst only a few species benefitted from intensification, such as Pitangus sulphuratus. These changes in avian community structure associated with açaí management intensification indicate that demand for this NTFP is driving ecological degradation of Amazon estuarine forests at local and landscape scales. Our findings underscore the need to regulate açaí management intensity to safeguard estuarine forest biodiversity.

非木材林产品（NTFP）开发已成为人类改造景观中森林砍伐的替代方案，但如果过度开发导致栖息地长期退化，也会减少生物多样性。本研究探讨了强化管理对亚马逊河漫滩森林鸟类群落分类和功能多样性的影响。管理的目的是提高巴西帕尔河口洪泛平原果树生产的açaí棕榈（Euterpe oleracea Mart.）密度。我们探索了açaí棕榈密度梯度（11 ~ 1430丛）的群落变化。Ha−1和我们使用多模型推理来评估其对鸟类行会的丰富度、丰度和功能属性的影响。研究发现，açaí密度的增加与物种丰富度呈负相关，导致物种丰富度和组成的变化，特别是对食虫动物和“森林依赖物种”产生负面影响，而只有少数物种受益于强化，如Pitangus suluratus。这些与açaí管理强化相关的鸟类群落结构变化表明，对这种非森林保护措施的需求正在推动亚马逊河口森林在当地和景观尺度上的生态退化。我们的研究结果强调了调节açaí管理强度以保护河口森林生物多样性的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Tracking the hidden trade of non-native pet amphibians in the United States 追踪美国非本地宠物两栖动物的秘密交易

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2026.111714

Devin Edmonds , Jane Du , Samuel Stickley , Samuel Sucre

The global wildlife trade is contributing to biodiversity loss, with amphibians especially vulnerable and overlooked in trade regulations. The trade in pet amphibians is a growing area of concern, and though there are notable benefits from keeping amphibians, the trade is also associated with introducing invasive species, spreading diseases, and overexploiting wild populations. Despite such risks, we lack a full understanding of the origins of traded species and the ways they enter markets. We combined online ads and import records to analyze the sourcing and pricing of pet amphibians traded in the United States, identifying species likely sourced from domestic production and unrecorded channels. Of the 301 species sold online, we identified 30 advertised more often than expected from import records, indicating they are primarily produced domestically. We also found 18.1% of traded non-native species had no import record and were sold at a 40.4% premium. Brazil, China, and Colombia stood out as countries with native species that were unrecorded in import records. Import at the genus-level was the most common way unrecorded species arrived in U.S. markets, but we also found instances of mislabeling, laundering, and suspected smuggling. The greatest number of imports at the genus-level were from Madagascar, Malaysia, Tanzania, and Vietnam. Our findings show the value of combining classifieds data with import records to identify illicit trade pathways and a need for improved record keeping. To move toward sustainable trade, we advocate engaging with domestic breeders and consumers while improving amphibian identification tools for inspecting wildlife shipments.

全球野生动物贸易正在导致生物多样性丧失，两栖动物尤其脆弱，在贸易法规中被忽视。宠物两栖动物的贸易日益引起人们的关注，尽管饲养两栖动物有显著的好处，但这种贸易也与引入入侵物种、传播疾病和过度开发野生种群有关。尽管存在这些风险，但我们对交易物种的起源以及它们进入市场的方式缺乏充分的了解。我们结合在线广告和进口记录，分析了在美国交易的宠物两栖动物的来源和价格，确定了可能来自国内生产和未记录渠道的物种。在网上销售的301个品种中，我们发现有30个品种的广告比进口记录中预期的要频繁，这表明它们主要是在国内生产的。18.1%的非本土物种没有进口记录，以40.4%的溢价出售。巴西、中国和哥伦比亚的本地物种在进口记录中未被记录。以属为单位进口是未记录物种进入美国市场最常见的方式，但我们也发现了贴错标签、洗钱和涉嫌走私的情况。在属水平上进口数量最多的是马达加斯加、马来西亚、坦桑尼亚和越南。我们的研究结果表明，将分类数据与进口记录结合起来识别非法贸易途径的价值，以及改进记录保存的必要性。为了实现可持续贸易，我们提倡与国内饲养者和消费者合作，同时改进两栖动物识别工具，以检查野生动物运输。

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引用次数: 0

Potential of recording acoustic complexity index to monitor agri-environmental scheme effectiveness in grasslands 记录声复杂性指数监测草原农业环境方案有效性的潜力

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2026.111723

Sibylle Stoeckli , Sina Helfenberger , Eliane Meier , Eva Knop

To counteract the ongoing biodiversity loss due to intensified agricultural practices, agri-environmental schemes have been introduced in most European countries. A systematic monitoring is needed to optimise their effectiveness in promoting biodiversity. New and automated methods, such as passive acoustic monitoring (PAM), offer a promising alternative to traditional, labour-intensive, and costly methods. However, we know relatively little about whether differences in biodiversity due to land use can be related to differences in acoustic indices, and whether spatio-temporal factors are modifying the relationship. To assess the potential of PAM as an alternative to traditional methods for evaluating the effectiveness of agri-environmental measures, we explored whether bird and grasshopper species richness and insect abundance as grassland diversity indicators are related to the acoustic complexity index and to land use at local scales (e.g., fertilisation), and landscape scales (e.g., percentage of woody structure). We also examined whether these relationships depend on the peak vocalisation activity of the indicator group (morning vs. midday). Local vegetation structure increased insect abundance, which was related to an increased acoustic complexity index at midday. A higher percentage of agri-environmental schemes in the landscape increased bird species diversity, which was related to an increased acoustic complexity index in the morning. Passive acoustic methods to monitor biodiversity and evaluate the effectiveness of conservation measures are a promising tool. This study demonstrates that the acoustic complexity index is able to indirectly show changes in land-use via species richness or abundance. Furthermore we would like to point out that thesuitability depends on the indicator group and its activity patterns.

为了抵消由于集约化农业做法造成的生物多样性的持续丧失，大多数欧洲国家都引入了农业环境计划。需要进行系统的监测，以优化它们在促进生物多样性方面的有效性。新的自动化方法，如被动声学监测（PAM），为传统的、劳动密集型的、昂贵的方法提供了一个有前途的替代方案。然而，我们对土地利用导致的生物多样性差异是否与声学指标的差异有关，以及时空因素是否在调节这种关系，我们知之甚少。为了评估PAM作为评估农业环境措施有效性的传统方法的替代方法的潜力，我们探索了鸟类和蚱蜢物种丰富度和昆虫丰富度作为草地多样性指标是否与声学复杂性指数以及当地尺度（如施肥）和景观尺度（如木本结构百分比）的土地利用有关。我们还研究了这些关系是否取决于指标组（早晨与中午）的峰值发声活动。当地植被结构增加了昆虫丰度，这与正午声复杂性指数增加有关。景观中较高比例的农业环境方案增加了鸟类物种多样性，这与早晨声复杂性指数增加有关。被动声学方法是监测生物多样性和评价保护措施有效性的一种很有前途的工具。研究表明，声学复杂性指数能够通过物种丰富度或丰度间接反映土地利用的变化。此外，我们要指出，适用性取决于指标组及其活动模式。

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引用次数: 0

A framework for designing multi-objective landscapes for conservation 多目标保育景观设计框架

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2026.111717

Alienor L.M. Chauvenet , Anna R. Renwick , Hugh P. Possingham , Vanessa M. Adams , Jennifer McGowan , Vesna Gagić , Nancy A. Schellhorn

Designing landscapes to accommodate both humans and nature poses huge challenges but is increasingly recognised as an essential component of conservation and land management. The land-sparing land-sharing approach has been proposed as a tool to address this challenge. However, its focus on an ideal landscape configuration leaves a gap on what step-wise management decisions are needed to transform the existing landscape to reach that ideal endpoint. We provide a new conceptual framework amenable to the application of structured decision-making to identify the step-wise pathways between the present landscape and a desired landscape given a defined objective and fixed budget. The model can be parameterised for specific systems using information about: the current state of the landscape, the rates of change between landscape states, and the cost and effectiveness of taking actions. To demonstrate this, we apply it to three different landscape types and find that investment into one of three management actions (varying degrees of management and restoration) can move the system towards more biodiversity or more managed land depending on the objectives of the stakeholders. The dynamic and flexible nature of the framework makes it useful for decision-making in a land sparing land sharing context.

设计兼顾人类和自然的景观带来了巨大的挑战，但越来越被认为是保护和土地管理的重要组成部分。已经提出了节约土地的土地共享办法，作为应对这一挑战的一种工具。然而，它对理想景观配置的关注留下了一个空白，即需要哪些分步管理决策来转换现有景观以达到理想的终点。我们提供了一个新的概念框架，适用于结构化决策的应用，以确定在给定明确的目标和固定预算的情况下，当前景观和理想景观之间的阶梯路径。该模型可以使用以下信息为特定系统参数化：景观的当前状态、景观状态之间的变化率以及采取行动的成本和有效性。为了证明这一点，我们将其应用于三种不同的景观类型，并发现根据利益相关者的目标，对三种管理行动（不同程度的管理和恢复）中的一种进行投资可以使系统朝着更生物多样性或更受管理的土地发展。该框架的动态性和灵活性使其有助于在节约土地的土地共享背景下进行决策。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental recolonization of secondary forests by a Caribbean anole follows predictions from range expansion theory 加勒比变色蜥对次生林的实验性再殖民遵循范围扩展理论的预测

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2026.111702

Miguel A. Acevedo , Carly Fankhauser , Isla Hession , Gabriela Echevarría Colón , Ben L. Gonzalez , Julia Ball , Victor Remley , Brooke DeMoor , Cooper Johnson , Riccardo Papa

Recovery dynamics are a defining feature of the Anthropocene landscape. These processes, shaped by ecological and evolutionary mechanisms, can be investigated through multiple theoretical frameworks. Among them, range expansion theory is increasingly recognized as a powerful lens for understanding recovery, particularly the recolonization of fauna. While previous studies have documented the spatial patterns of fauna recolonization, the underlying eco-evolutionary mechanisms remain less well understood. Range expansion theory predicts that the individuals recolonizing recovering forests are not random representatives of the source population. Instead, they are expected to exhibit lower initial densities, possess phenotypic traits favoring dispersal, and experience reduced parasitism. We experimentally tested these predictions using Anolis gundlachi, a shade-dwelling lizard recolonizing regenerating forests in Puerto Rico. We established small forest patches at varying distances from an old-growth reference site and compared lizard traits between the source and recolonizing populations. We assessed capture rates, dispersal-related morphology (e.g., limb and body size), and parasitic infection by Plasmodium spp. among individuals in the source population and those using the newly planted forest patches. Our results revealed that the individuals from the old-growth population that ventured to the young forests were a non-random subset of the source population with distinct traits related to movement capacity. While such results support predictions of trait-based dispersal during early recolonization, we observed no significant differences in parasitism across treatments. Our findings support range expansion theory as an appropriate framework to study early-stage recolonization and highlight the dynamic interplay of density, phenotypic filtering, and local conditions.

恢复动态是人类世景观的一个决定性特征。这些由生态和进化机制形成的过程可以通过多种理论框架进行研究。其中，范围扩展理论越来越被认为是理解恢复，特别是动物群再定殖的有力视角。虽然以前的研究已经记录了动物再定居的空间格局，但潜在的生态进化机制仍然不太清楚。范围扩展理论预测，重新定居恢复森林的个体不是原始种群的随机代表。相反，它们预计会表现出较低的初始密度，具有有利于扩散的表型特征，并且经历较少的寄生。我们用Anolis gundlachi来测试这些预测，Anolis gundlachi是一种栖息在树荫下的蜥蜴，在波多黎各的再生森林中重新定居。我们在距离原始参考点不同距离的地方建立了小的森林斑块，并比较了原始种群和重新定居种群之间的蜥蜴特征。我们评估了源种群和新种植的森林斑块中个体的捕获率、分散相关形态（如肢体和身体大小）以及疟原虫的寄生虫感染情况。我们的研究结果表明，冒险进入年轻森林的原始种群个体是原始种群的一个非随机子集，具有与移动能力相关的独特特征。虽然这些结果支持在早期再定居过程中基于性状的分散预测，但我们观察到不同处理之间的寄生性没有显着差异。我们的研究结果支持范围扩展理论作为研究早期再殖民的适当框架，并强调密度，表型过滤和当地条件的动态相互作用。

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引用次数: 0

Genetic forensics for ocean protection: A meta-review of DNA-based identification methods to combat seafood fraud in the Eastern South Pacific 海洋保护的遗传法医：南太平洋东部打击海鲜欺诈的基于dna的鉴定方法的元综述

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2026.111706

Alan Marín

The Eastern South Pacific Ocean (ESPO) is a nutrient-rich and highly diverse region that plays a pivotal role in the global seafood trade. Despite its importance, the seafood industry in this region is hindered by complex supply chains and insufficient regulation frameworks, which facilitate illegal practices, including mislabeling. DNA-based methods have emerged as essential tools for seafood authentication, helping to mitigate mislabeling and supporting conservation strategies. This study provides the first comprehensive review of DNA-based methods used globally to identify seafood species from the ESPO. Historical and current techniques were systematically examined, with a focus on emerging technologies that offer promising applications in the field. Nearly three decades of research have enabled the successful identification of over 200 commercially valuable species using more than ten distinct DNA-based methods. Fish and mollusks constituted the most extensively studied seafood groups, with DNA sequencing emerging as the predominant technique. Furthermore, a global mislabeling meta-analysis, encompassing 1806 seafood products from the ESPO, revealed an estimated mislabeling rate of 24.8% (95% CI [22.9–26.9]). Notably, a substantial proportion of mislabeled and substituted products corresponds to highly threatened shark species, with the highest rates recorded in Colombia and Peru. This raises serious conservation concerns, particularly given that nations bordering the ESPO are major players in the global shark trade. Overall, the findings of this review underscore the urgent need to integrate advanced DNA-based techniques into existing regulatory frameworks. They also establish a solid foundation for developing targeted policies and encouraging collaborative efforts among nations in this region.

东南太平洋（ESPO）是一个营养丰富且高度多样化的地区，在全球海产品贸易中发挥着关键作用。尽管其重要性，但该地区的海产品产业受到复杂供应链和监管框架不足的阻碍，助长了包括错误标签在内的非法行为。基于dna的方法已经成为海产品认证的基本工具，有助于减少错误标签和支持保护策略。这项研究首次全面回顾了全球用于从ESPO鉴定海产品物种的基于dna的方法。系统地研究了历史和当前的技术，重点是在该领域提供有前途的应用的新兴技术。近三十年的研究已经使用十多种不同的基于dna的方法成功鉴定了200多种具有商业价值的物种。鱼类和软体动物构成了最广泛研究的海产品群体，DNA测序成为主要技术。此外，一项涵盖ESPO 1806种海产品的全球误标荟萃分析显示，误标率估计为24.8% （95% CI[22.9-26.9]）。值得注意的是，大量贴错标签和被取代的产品对应的是高度濒危的鲨鱼物种，哥伦比亚和秘鲁记录的比例最高。这引发了严重的保护问题，特别是考虑到ESPO周边国家是全球鲨鱼贸易的主要参与者。总的来说，本综述的发现强调了将先进的基于dna的技术整合到现有监管框架中的迫切需要。它们还为制定有针对性的政策和鼓励本地区国家之间的合作努力奠定了坚实的基础。

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引用次数: 0

How high techs change conservation strategies? A scoping review of the philosophical trace behind a rewilding 4.0 高科技如何改变保护策略？对荒野4.0背后哲学轨迹的范围审查

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2026.111725

Cristian Moyano-Fernández , Manuel García Domínguez

Rewilding is a novel approach aimed at recovering wildlife with minimal human intervention. Despite the philosophical roots of rewilding, the ongoing biodiversity decline motivates some advocates to incorporate emerging technologies, including de-extinction, into conservation efforts. This new artificial management of nature seems ethically counterintuitive according to the philosophy of rewilding. We conducted a scoping review to map how many academic publications addressed rewilding dependence on high tech, and selected a final amount of 37 studies out of 1279. While the search spanned 1999–2024, all included studies were published up to 2014. We found differences in purposes, expectations and ethical stances between each rewilding strategy (Pleistocene, trophic and passive) regarding technological applications. We consider that these disparities in how academic publications understand high-tech rewilding can lead to significant implications on conservation theory, practice and policy, raising up philosophical discussions. From the literature screened, we first categorized four recurrent views identified behind the high-tech rewilding approach (control and domination, ecomodernism, human-nature dualistic or hybrid ontology, and human interventionism) and we discussed them from philosophical analysis; and second, we reviewed five biases and limitations explicitly mentioned in the literature (methodological, economic, political, animal welfare, and anthropocentric). Given the boom of recent publications in academic literature and mass media taking for granted a rewilding based on high tech, there is a need for further research to discern what we mean by rewilding and what are the consequences of each understanding.

野化是一种新颖的方法，旨在以最小的人为干预恢复野生动物。尽管野生化的哲学根源是存在的，但生物多样性的持续下降促使一些倡导者将新兴技术（包括反灭绝）纳入保护工作中。根据野化的哲学，这种对自然的新的人工管理在伦理上似乎是违反直觉的。我们进行了一项范围审查，以确定有多少学术出版物涉及对高科技的重新依赖，并从1279项研究中选择了37项研究。虽然这项研究的时间跨度为1999年至2024年，但所有纳入的研究都是在2014年之前发表的。我们发现，在技术应用方面，每种野化策略（更新世、营养型和被动型）在目的、期望和伦理立场上存在差异。我们认为，这些学术出版物对高科技野化的理解差异可能会对保护理论、实践和政策产生重大影响，引发哲学讨论。从文献筛选中，我们首先分类了高科技野化方法背后的四种反复出现的观点（控制和支配、生态现代主义、人-自然二元或混合本体论和人类干预主义），并从哲学分析的角度对它们进行了讨论；其次，我们回顾了文献中明确提到的五种偏见和局限性（方法论、经济、政治、动物福利和人类中心主义）。鉴于最近学术文献和大众媒体出版物的繁荣，认为基于高科技的再野生化是理所当然的，有必要进一步研究，以辨别我们所说的再野生化是什么意思，以及每种理解的后果是什么。

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引用次数: 0

Water sparing versus sharing: Depolarising wetland management with novel environment-agriculture policy 节水与共享：新型环境农业政策下的去极化湿地管理

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2026.111701

Matthew W. Herring , Stephen T. Garnett , Kerstin K. Zander

Land sparing centres on agricultural intensification to increase yields and free land for conservation, while land sharing integrates farming and biodiversity but needs larger areas. Although the debate has matured to consider social-ecological systems and potential synergies, water has been almost entirely neglected. We develop a ‘water sparing versus sharing’ concept, propose new water sharing policies, and assess public values towards them in Australia's Murray–Darling Basin. Here, water sparing dominates and fuels polarised debate, especially around environmental water recovery, where increased conservation—typically in protected areas—occurs while farming becomes more intensive and water-efficient. Conversely, we introduce water sharing, which transcends this binary approach and, under certain conditions, could offer greater environmental, economic and social benefits. We show that water sharing challenges the key premise of land sparing because additional water to integrate biodiversity can increase yields, requiring less land. We illustrate our arguments with three policy options to conserve threatened species dependent on both traditional rice farming and natural wetlands supported by environmental water: (1) amalgamating environmental and irrigation water; (2) using environmental water in artificial refuges; and (3) subsidising water to incentivise multifunctional benefits. Using biodiversity benefits per megalitre, alongside social and economic metrics, scenarios could be prioritised. A survey of Australians (n = 1478) showed strong public support for such amendments. A multinomial logit model indicated younger people with higher environmental values and lower incomes were most supportive. Water sharing policy can depolarise management, maximise multifunctional water-use efficiency and offer a political conduit between conflicting interests.

土地节约以农业集约化为中心，以提高产量和腾出土地用于保护，而土地共享将农业和生物多样性结合起来，但需要更大的面积。尽管关于社会生态系统和潜在协同效应的讨论已经成熟，但水几乎完全被忽视了。我们提出了“水资源节约与共享”的概念，提出了新的水资源共享政策，并评估了澳大利亚墨累-达令盆地的公众价值观。在这里，节约用水占主导地位，并引发了两极分化的争论，尤其是围绕环境水恢复的争论，在这种情况下，随着农业变得更加集约化和节水，保护区域的水资源保护得到了加强。相反，我们引入水资源共享，它超越了这种二元方法，在某些条件下，可以提供更大的环境、经济和社会效益。我们发现，水资源共享挑战了土地节约的关键前提，因为额外的水可以整合生物多样性，从而增加产量，需要更少的土地。为了保护依赖传统水稻种植和自然湿地的濒危物种，我们提出了三种政策选择：(1)将环境用水和灌溉用水混合使用；（二）人工避难所使用环境水；(3)补贴用水以激励多功能效益。利用每百万升的生物多样性效益以及社会和经济指标，可以优先考虑各种情景。一项针对澳大利亚人的调查（n = 1478）显示，公众强烈支持此类修正案。一项多项逻辑模型显示，环境价值较高、收入较低的年轻人最支持环保。水资源共享政策可以消除管理的两极分化，最大限度地提高多功能水资源利用效率，并在相互冲突的利益之间提供政治渠道。

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引用次数: 0