Biological Conservation最新文献_第6页

Reply to Thornton and Murray: Models for Canada lynx conservation planning require nuance 答复 Thornton 和 Murray：加拿大猞猁保护规划模型需要细微差别

IF 4.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110836

Jacob S. Ivan , Karen E. Hodges , Joseph D. Holbrook , Ron A. Moen , Lucretia E. Olson , John R. Squires , Jennifer H. Vashon

引用次数: 0

Prioritising challenges and actions for freshwater conservation in a tropical biodiversity hotspot 确定热带生物多样性热点地区淡水保护的优先挑战和行动

IF 4.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110839

Alexandra Zieritz , Christopher Gibbins , Yixiong Cai , Farah Diba , Lydia X. Gan , Manuel Lopes-Lima , Jose Christopher E. Mendoza , John Morse , Ting Hui Ng , Elysia X.P. Toh , John Pfeiffer , Bi Wei Low , Ristiyanti Marwoto , Khairul Adha A. Rahim , Brooke Shellman , Zohrah Sulaiman , Zhi Wan Tan , Daisy Wowor , Noor Syarifuddin Yusuf , Darren C.J. Yeo

Tropical fresh waters experience one of the highest rates of biodiversity loss globally. Effective tropical freshwater biodiversity conservation requires prioritised and concerted action that is informed by science, but efforts to synthesise the available expertise and knowledge remain lacking to date. Here, we identify the most important challenges for freshwater conservation in the tropical biodiversity hotspot Sundaland, and provide roadmaps towards addressing them. A Delphi technique for consensus building, adopted across a panel of 18 experts, identified challenges under the categories of threats, research needs, and social and policy-related challenges. Threats were ranked by their importance in terms of the spatial extent, severity and persistence, while research needs, and social and policy-related challenges were ranked according to how severely they impede conservation. The top-ranked challenges were (1) threats: deforestation, agriculture, urbanisation, water management; (2) research needs: lack of data on freshwater biodiversity, systematic biology, understanding multiple stressors and resilience of freshwater ecosystems; and (3) social and policy-related challenges: low priority of freshwater biodiversity, lack of expertise, lack of systematic conservation planning, and growth of population and affluence. Addressing these challenges requires an approach that integrates improved communication and collaboration among researchers and stakeholders, scientific outreach to improve public appreciation of freshwater biodiversity and build capacity, implementation of best practices to mitigate negative human impacts, systematic conservation planning, and adoption of novel tools and technologies to address important knowledge gaps. This work can serve as a model for prioritising conservation actions in other regions that lose biodiversity at similarly rapid rates.

热带淡水是全球生物多样性丧失率最高的水域之一。要有效保护热带淡水生物多样性，就必须以科学为依据，优先采取协调一致的行动，但迄今为止，我们仍然缺乏综合现有专业技术和知识的努力。在此，我们确定了热带生物多样性热点地区巽他兰淡水保护面临的最重要挑战，并提供了应对这些挑战的路线图。由 18 位专家组成的小组采用德尔菲技术达成共识，确定了威胁、研究需求以及社会和政策相关挑战等类别下的挑战。威胁根据其空间范围、严重程度和持续性的重要性进行排序，而研究需求以及社会和政策相关挑战则根据其阻碍保护的严重程度进行排序。排名靠前的挑战包括：(1) 威胁：森林砍伐、农业、城市化、水资源管理；(2) 研究需求：缺乏淡水生物多样性数据、系统生物学、了解多重压力因素和淡水生态系统的恢复能力；(3) 社会和政策相关挑战：淡水生物多样性不受重视、缺乏专业知识、缺乏系统的保护规划以及人口和富裕程度的增长。要应对这些挑战，就必须采取以下综合方法：加强研究人员和利益相关者之间的沟通与合作；开展科学宣传活动，提高公众对淡水生物多样性的认识和能力建设；实施最佳实践，减轻人类的负面影响；制定系统的保护规划；采用新型工具和技术，填补重要的知识空白。这项工作可以作为一种模式，为生物多样性以类似速度丧失的其他地区确定保护行动的优先次序。

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引用次数: 0

Conservation benefits of marine reserves depend on knowledge integration of genotypic and phenotypic diversity 海洋保护区的保护效益取决于基因型和表型多样性的知识整合

IF 4.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110831

Barbara Koeck , Esben Moland Olsen , Libor Závorka , Amélie Crespel , Carla Freitas , Katja Enberg , Even Moland , Marte Sodeland , Henrik Høiberg Jessen , Héloïse Marte , Shaun S. Killen

Conserving intraspecific trait variation is vital for maintaining the viability of species. It ensures a species to adapt to warming and increasingly stochastic environments, and to recover following extreme events. Here we investigate the selective effects of spatial management on intraspecific genetic and phenotypic variation of two sympatric but genetically distinct Atlantic cod ecotypes in a Norwegian fjord. We found that phenotypic differences between sympatric cod genotypes were mainly driven by morphological and metabolic traits. Offshore cod had higher metabolic maintenance costs at cool temperatures but lower aerobic capacity at warm acclimation than coastal ecotypes, indicative of thermal constraint of aerobic physiological processes beyond metabolic maintenance. Offshore cod also had larger and thicker peduncles and better body condition. We found that protection benefits from the no-take zone (NTZ) of the Tvedestrand marine protected area were independent of individual space-use size, but instead resulted from ecotype-specific differences in habitat occupation. Results specifically show that the current delimitations of the NTZ do not cover habitats occupied by the coastal and highly resident cod ecotype which shows greater metabolic thermal tolerance but is considered to already be in a depleted state. Our study exemplifies why protecting intraspecific diversity is directly relevant for management implementations aimed at reducing the impact of further selection pressures such as ongoing environmental change. Careful investigation of intraspecific diversity and integration of such knowledge to fisheries management and design of protected areas may prevent unwanted additional selective pressures and contribute to offer broad protection to genotypes and phenotypes.

保护种内性状变异对于维持物种的生存能力至关重要。它能确保物种适应变暖和日益随机的环境，并在极端事件发生后恢复。在这里，我们研究了挪威峡湾中两种同域但基因不同的大西洋鳕鱼生态型的空间管理对种内遗传和表型变异的选择性影响。我们发现，同域鳕鱼基因型之间的表型差异主要由形态和代谢特征驱动。与沿岸生态型相比，近海鳕鱼在低温条件下的代谢维持成本较高，但在暖适应条件下的有氧能力较低，这表明有氧生理过程受到了热限制，超出了代谢维持的范围。近海鳕鱼的足柄也更大、更粗，身体状况更好。我们发现，Tvedestrand 海洋保护区的禁渔区（NTZ）所带来的保护效益与个体空间利用大小无关，而是来自于生态型在栖息地占用方面的特异性差异。研究结果特别表明，目前划定的禁渔区并不包括沿海和高度栖息的鳕鱼生态型所占据的栖息地，这种生态型表现出更强的代谢热耐受性，但被认为已经处于枯竭状态。我们的研究举例说明了为什么保护种内多样性与旨在减少进一步选择压力（如持续的环境变化）影响的管理实施直接相关。仔细调查种内多样性并将这些知识融入渔业管理和保护区设计中，可以防止不必要的额外选择压力，并有助于为基因型和表型提供广泛的保护。

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引用次数: 0

Monitoring the trade in bat taxidermy and specimens on e-commerce platforms 监测电子商务平台上的蝙蝠标本制作和标本交易

IF 4.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110827

Sara Bronwen Hunter , Julie Weeds , Fiona Mathews

Wildlife trade is a major economic activity but can pose a threat to many species. Previous research has focused on the trade of bats (Chiroptera) for food and medicine but little is known about the online, international trade in bat taxidermy and specimens, which is thought to be an emerging threat. We aimed to characterise this trade by sampling two major e-commerce platforms over an 18-month period. We used an automated pipeline, whereby data were accessed programmatically; filtered using a neural-network classifier; and the locations and species mentioned in relevant listings were identified using Named Entity Recognition. We retrieved 40,412 relevant results, representing 2363 and 2116 unique listings from Etsy and eBay, respectively. Although the accuracy of listings could not be verified, most (57 %) provided species-level information. Hence, 47 bat species were listed for sale, of which 32 are not currently identified by the IUCN Red List as traded for any purpose. The highest number of listings were sold from USA, Hong Kong and the UK, whilst traded species' ranges were predominantly located in South East Asia. We provide one of the first longitudinal datasets on the online bat trade, indicating that several species are being traded at potentially high volumes, with demand from North America and Europe driving exploitation in South East Asia. This is concerning for highly-traded species which occur at low densities, such as the painted wooly bat Kerivoula picta. Our automated pipeline can be used for subsequent monitoring of this trade, or could be adapted for monitoring of trade in other taxa.

野生动物贸易是一项重要的经济活动，但也会对许多物种构成威胁。以前的研究主要集中在蝙蝠（Chiroptera）的食物和药物贸易，但对蝙蝠标本和标本的在线国际贸易知之甚少，而这种贸易被认为是一种新出现的威胁。我们的目标是通过对两个主要电子商务平台进行为期 18 个月的抽样调查来描述这种贸易的特点。我们采用了自动化流程，通过程序访问数据，使用神经网络分类器过滤数据，并使用命名实体识别技术识别相关列表中提及的地点和物种。我们检索到了 40,412 条相关结果，分别代表了 Etsy 和 eBay 上的 2363 条和 2116 条独特的列表。虽然无法验证列表的准确性，但大多数列表（57%）都提供了物种级别的信息。因此，有 47 个蝙蝠物种被挂牌出售，其中 32 个物种目前未被《世界自然保护联盟红色名录》确定为任何目的的交易物种。美国、香港和英国出售的蝙蝠数量最多，而交易物种的分布范围主要在东南亚。我们首次提供了网上蝙蝠交易的纵向数据集，表明一些物种的交易量可能很高，北美和欧洲的需求推动了东南亚的开发。这对于出现密度较低的高交易量物种来说令人担忧，例如画眉蝠（Kerivoula picta）。我们的自动化管道可用于对这一贸易的后续监测，也可用于对其他分类群贸易的监测。

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引用次数: 0

Identifying complementary conservation and restoration priority areas for plant species 确定植物物种的补充保护和恢复优先区域

IF 4.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110826

Jian Zhou , Zijie Zhong , Huiyuan Liu , Feiling Yang , Jinyi Luo , Haining Qin , Ruidong Wu

The coverage of protected areas (PAs) remains far from the Kunming-Montreal target and degraded ecosystems are greatly limiting the conservation efficiency of PAs. Therefore, this paper proposes a method to identify conservation and restoration priority areas to supplement existing PAs. A case study was conducted focusing on Yunnan, southwestern China, which intersects with three world biodiversity hotspots. First, the spatial ranges for 3768 representative conservation plant species were mapped using species distribution models. Subsequently, planning units were classified into three restorability categories, namely no-need restoration, potentially restorable and non-restorable units, according to land cover changes between 2000 and 2020. Then, conservation and restoration priority areas were identified by applying a two-step systematic conservation planning process. Finally, replacement cost analysis was applied to compare the effectiveness of existing PAs and the overall 30 % priority areas. Northwestern, southwestern, and southeastern Yunnan have high biodiversity conservation values. Especially in eastern and southeastern Yunnan, large amounts of restoration priority areas were identified. Conservation and restoration priority areas account for 15.80 % and 3.69 % of Yunnan's land, respectively. Compared to existing PAs, conservation priority areas can increase the number of species covered from 2461 to 3277, and further to 3566 when including restoration priority areas. Compared to existing PAs, the mean species coverage in the overall 30 % priority areas has increased from 27.28 % to 72.69 %. Notably, 12.86 % of existing PAs were identified as restoration priority areas. This study indicates that in addition to conservation measures, implementing restoration strategies in high conservation-value areas is equally important.

保护区（PAs）的覆盖范围与昆明-蒙特利尔的目标仍相差甚远，退化的生态系统极大地限制了保护区的保护效率。因此，本文提出了一种确定保护和恢复优先区域的方法，以补充现有的保护区。本文以中国西南部与世界三大生物多样性热点地区交汇的云南为重点开展了案例研究。首先，利用物种分布模型绘制了 3768 种代表性保护植物的空间分布范围。随后，根据 2000 年至 2020 年的土地覆被变化，将规划单元划分为三个可恢复性类别，即无需恢复、潜在可恢复和不可恢复单元。然后，采用两步系统保护规划流程确定保护和恢复优先区域。最后，采用重置成本分析法比较现有保护区和总体 30% 优先区域的有效性。云南西北部、西南部和东南部具有较高的生物多样性保护价值。特别是在云南东部和东南部，确定了大量的恢复优先区域。保护优先区和恢复优先区分别占云南土地面积的 15.80% 和 3.69%。与现有保护区相比，保护优先区可覆盖的物种数量从 2461 种增加到 3277 种，如果包括恢复优先区，则可进一步增加到 3566 种。与现有保护区相比，总体 30% 优先区域的平均物种覆盖率从 27.28% 增加到 72.69%。值得注意的是，12.86% 的现有保护区被确定为恢复优先区域。这项研究表明，除保护措施外，在高保护价值地区实施恢复战略也同样重要。

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引用次数: 0

Argentina's rejection of 2030 agenda undermines environmental sustainability and human well-being 阿根廷拒绝 2030 年议程有损环境可持续性和人类福祉

IF 4.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110832

Javier Nori , Alejandro E.J. Valenzuela , Micaela Camino , Elena Abraham , Gabriela Agostini , Marcelo A. Aizen , Virginia Alonso-Roldán , Julieta R. Arcamone , Yanina Arzamendia , German Baldi , Diego Baldo , Matías C. Baranzelli , Marcelo Cabido , Daniel Cáceres , Anibal E. Carbajo , Atilio Pedro Castagnaro , Claudia Campos , Juan Corley , Javier M. Cordier , Sandra M. Díaz , Christopher B. Anderson

In a recent speech to the UN General Assembly, Argentine President Javier Milei rejected the Pact for the Future and the 2030 Agenda, a comprehensive global framework for sustainable development encompassing ‘people, planet, and prosperity.’ This position undermines Argentina’s capacity to tackle urgent socio-environmental challenges like poverty, deforestation, biodiversity loss, and wildfires. By walking away from this international initiative, Argentina risks isolation and exacerbating these interconnected crises.

阿根廷总统哈维尔-米莱（Javier Milei）最近在联合国大会上发表讲话，拒绝接受《未来契约》和《2030 年议程》这一涵盖 "人类、地球和繁荣 "的全球可持续发展综合框架。这一立场削弱了阿根廷应对贫困、森林砍伐、生物多样性丧失和野火等紧迫的社会环境挑战的能力。退出这一国际倡议，阿根廷将面临孤立的风险，并加剧这些相互关联的危机。

引用次数: 0

Climatic drought and trophic disruption in an endemic subalpine Hawaiian forest bird 夏威夷亚高山森林特有鸟类的气候干旱和营养障碍

IF 4.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110823

Kyle S. Van Houtan , Tyler O. Gagné , Paul Banko , Molly E. Hagemann , Robert W. Peck , Christopher T. Yarnes

Overexploitation, habitat conversion, and introduced species have caused unprecedented extinctions and heavily degraded native bird populations in island ecosystems. In the Hawaiian Islands, stemming these losses has proven difficult as the highly specialized avifauna are often impacted – among other things – by poorly understood trophic disruptions as well as persistent climatic shifts. Here we investigate these dynamics by examining the trophic positions of 7 different taxa of producers and consumers across the last century in the subalpine māmane (Sophora chrysophylla) forest ecosystem on the island of Hawaiʻi. From museum collections and contemporary sampling, we analyzed the stable nitrogen (δ¹⁵N) values of producers and consumers to identify trophic and source amino acids and derive trophic enrichment constants specific to this food web. This enables us to reconstruct the diet of the palila (Loxioides bailleui), a critically endangered finch whose population recently declined 90 %. Our results show that from 1890 to 2006, the palila trophic position declined from 2.6 to 2.2, with cascading implications for its diet. Bayesian mixing model reconstructions indicate that palila trophic position changes likely arose from a 76 % decline (69.3 % to 16.6 % of diet) in the consumption of native moth caterpillars, and a 172 % increase (30.7 % to 83.4 %) in native plants. From the available ecosystem variables, exploratory Bayesian multiple regressions selected surface temperature changes, and the interactions of surface temperatures with drought and caterpillar parasitism as the primary drivers of these trophic changes. Despite the predicted increases of warming and drought, management interventions may build resiliency in this unique island ecosystem.

过度开发、栖息地转换和引进物种造成了前所未有的鸟类灭绝，并使岛屿生态系统中的本地鸟类种群严重退化。在夏威夷群岛，由于高度专业化的鸟类经常受到人们知之甚少的营养干扰和持续的气候变化等因素的影响，要阻止这些损失已被证明是很困难的。在这里，我们通过考察上个世纪夏威夷岛亚高山马曼尼（Sophora chrysophylla）森林生态系统中 7 个不同类群的生产者和消费者的营养状况来研究这些动态。通过博物馆藏品和当代取样，我们分析了生产者和消费者的稳定氮（δ15N）值，以确定营养氨基酸和来源氨基酸，并推导出该食物网特有的营养富集常数。这使我们能够重建棕榈雀（Loxioides bailleui）的食物结构，棕榈雀是一种极度濒危的雀类，其数量最近下降了 90%。我们的研究结果表明，从1890年到2006年，棕榈鸦的营养级从2.6级下降到2.2级，对其食物产生了连锁影响。贝叶斯混合模型重建表明，棕榈鸦营养位置的变化可能是由于食用本地蛾类毛虫减少了 76%（占食物的 69.3% 降至 16.6%），而食用本地植物增加了 172%（占食物的 30.7% 升至 83.4%）。从可用的生态系统变量中，探索性贝叶斯多元回归选择了地表温度变化以及地表温度与干旱和毛虫寄生的交互作用作为这些营养变化的主要驱动因素。尽管预计气候变暖和干旱会加剧，但管理干预措施可能会增强这一独特岛屿生态系统的恢复能力。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring a grassland biodiversity hotspot in the Serbian Carpathians: Interdisciplinary perspectives and conservation implications 探索塞尔维亚喀尔巴阡山脉的草原生物多样性热点：跨学科视角和保护意义

IF 4.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110822

Monika Janišová , Annemarie Sorescu-Marinković , Svetlana Aćić , Barbora Hubáčková , Martin Magnes , Šimon Opravil , Pavel Širka

Land-use changes resulted in a decline of biodiversity in recent European agricultural landscapes. Nevertheless, regions practicing sustained low-input farming continue to harbor most of Europe's high-nature-value grasslands. The Serbian Carpathians represent one such relatively undiscovered region, boasting a well-preserved valuable bio-cultural heritage. Through novel interdisciplinary research that integrates botany, ecology, remote sensing, history, and ethnology, we explored two villages (Radenka, Suvi Do) with different ethnic backgrounds. Our primary objectives were to assess grassland plant diversity, correlate it with applied farming practices, and highlight the importance of interdisciplinary research in conservation of semi-natural grasslands. We focused on vascular plants, bryophytes, and lichens that occur within randomly selected nested plot series, covering seven different spatial scales. The semi-natural grasslands in both villages exhibited remarkable plant diversity compared to other temperate meso-xeric and mesic grasslands in Europe. Integral parts of the historic farming system, such as the ancient practice of spring and autumn grazing of hay meadows, are still preserved there. Similarly, the timing of mowing and grazing based on traditional feasts continues to be observed. However, comparison of management intensity over the last 36 years indicates gradual abandonment in all studied parcels, due to severe depopulation, decline in livestock numbers, and a shift from milk to meat production. We advocate encouraging traditional grassland management practices to maintain high plant diversity. Our study underscores the need for interdisciplinary research, integrating social sciences to comprehend human influences on semi-natural grasslands, and remote sensing to assess temporal variations in management practices and their intensity.

土地使用的变化导致近代欧洲农业景观的生物多样性减少。尽管如此，实行持续低投入耕作的地区仍然拥有欧洲大部分具有高自然价值的草原。塞尔维亚喀尔巴阡山脉就是这样一个相对未被发现的地区，拥有保存完好的宝贵生物文化遗产。通过整合植物学、生态学、遥感、历史和民族学的新型跨学科研究，我们探索了两个具有不同民族背景的村庄（Radenka 和 Suvi Do）。我们的主要目标是评估草原植物多样性，将其与应用的耕作方式联系起来，并强调跨学科研究在保护半自然草原方面的重要性。我们重点研究了随机选择的嵌套地块系列中出现的维管束植物、真菌和地衣，涵盖七个不同的空间尺度。与欧洲其他温带中湿性和中湿性草原相比，这两个村庄的半天然草原表现出显著的植物多样性。历史上农耕系统的重要组成部分，如干草草场春秋两季放牧的古老习俗，在这里依然得以保留。同样，根据传统节日确定的割草和放牧时间也继续得到遵守。然而，对过去 36 年管理强度的比较表明，由于严重的人口减少、牲畜数量下降以及从牛奶生产向肉类生产的转变，所有研究的地块都在逐渐废弃。我们主张鼓励传统的草原管理方法，以保持较高的植物多样性。我们的研究强调了跨学科研究的必要性，即结合社会科学来理解人类对半自然草地的影响，并结合遥感技术来评估管理方法及其强度的时间变化。

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引用次数: 0

Native plants play crucial role in buffering against severity of exotic plant invasions in freshwater ecosystems 本土植物在缓冲淡水生态系统中外来植物入侵的严重性方面发挥着至关重要的作用

IF 4.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110824

Shufeng Fan, Haihao Yu, Tian Lv, Lei Yang, Yang Li, Ligong Wang, Chunhua Liu, Dan Yu

Few studies have evaluated the relative importance of various factors in the invasion of exotic plants in freshwater ecosystems due to the difficulty of observing numerous factors simultaneously. In this study, we surveyed 236 exotic aquatic plant communities using 2267 quadrats in China's freshwater ecosystems to explore the roles and relative importance of various biotic and abiotic factors in the invasion of exotic aquatic plants. We found that competition from native plants was the most important factor determining the mean biomass of all exotic plants in communities, as well as the biomass of the submerged plant Cabomba caroliniana and the free-floating plant Eichhornia crassipes. Whereas competition from co-occurring exotic plants was the most important for the biomass of the emergent plant Alternanthera philoxeroides. Elevated water nutrient status accelerated the invasion of exotic plants by directly favoring them and indirectly weakening the resistance of native plants. Exotic plants responded differently to climate. Moreover, water depth, habitat area, herbivory, and anthropogenic disturbance had relatively weak impacts on the biomass of exotic plants. Our study highlights the necessity and priority of biodiversity conservation and vegetation restoration in controlling invasive aquatic plants. It also emphasizes the significance of considering interactions between invaders in the research and management of invasive species.

由于难以同时观测众多因素，很少有研究评估各种因素在淡水生态系统外来植物入侵中的相对重要性。本研究利用 2267 个四分格调查了中国淡水生态系统中的 236 个外来水生植物群落，探讨了各种生物和非生物因素在外来水生植物入侵中的作用和相对重要性。我们发现，来自本地植物的竞争是决定群落中所有外来植物平均生物量的最重要因素，也是决定沉水植物卡本巴（Cabomba caroliniana）和自由浮游植物蟋蟀草（Eichhornia crassipes）生物量的最重要因素。而共生外来植物的竞争对出水植物 Alternanthera philoxeroides 的生物量影响最大。水体营养状况的升高直接有利于外来植物，间接削弱了本地植物的抵抗力，从而加速了外来植物的入侵。外来植物对气候的反应不同。此外，水深、栖息地面积、食草动物和人为干扰对外来植物生物量的影响相对较小。我们的研究强调了生物多样性保护和植被恢复在控制入侵水生植物方面的必要性和优先性。它还强调了在研究和管理入侵物种时考虑入侵者之间相互作用的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Tree and stand characteristics jointly predict tree-related microhabitats on retention trees in production forests 树木和林分特征共同预测生产林保留树上与树木相关的微生境

IF 4.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110821

M. Trinidad Torres-García , Per-Ola Hedwall , Laurent Larrieu , Erik Öckinger , Henrik Johansen , Mats Niklasson , Lisa Petersson , Emil Svensson , Jaime Uría-Díez , Adam Felton

Retention forestry emerged as a means of ameliorating the biodiversity impacts of clearcutting 30 years ago and has become an integrated part of forest management in many countries. Nowadays, there is still an increasing need to assess to what extent retention trees contribute to biodiversity in production forests. We used tree-related microhabitats (TreMs), as an indicator of the potential of the forest to host taxonomic biodiversity, to better understand the effect of broadleaf retention trees, and surrounding conditions derived from stand management, on biodiversity. We inventoried TreM types on 114 retention trees of four broadleaf tree taxa (Betula spp., Fagus sylvatica, Quercus spp., and Populus tremula) located within 20 even-aged conifer-dominated production forests (Picea abies) in southern Sweden. We evaluated the effect of retention tree attributes (species and age) and of the surrounding environment (production tree density and distance to the retained trees) on the diversity of TreM types and groups. We found that retention tree species with different characteristics and physiological niche (light-demanding vs. shade-tolerant and pioneer vs. late-successional) developed distinct TreM assemblages. TreM diversity increased significantly with increasing retention tree age and surrounding tree density. Higher surrounding tree density is particularly related to some TreMs either positively (crown deadwood, bryophytes) or negatively (buttress-root concavities, lichens). Overall, the extent that retention forestry potentially contributes to forest biodiversity will depend on promoting different broadleaved retention tree species and managing surrounding trees accordingly to allow retention trees to become older and maintain TreMs in the long term.

30 年前，保留林作为一种改善砍伐对生物多样性影响的手段出现，并已成为许多国家森林管理的一个组成部分。如今，人们仍然越来越需要评估保留林在多大程度上促进了生产林的生物多样性。我们利用与树木相关的微生境（TreMs）作为森林承载生物分类多样性潜力的指标，以更好地了解阔叶保留树以及林分管理所产生的周边条件对生物多样性的影响。我们调查了瑞典南部 20 个以针叶树为主的偶数年生生产林（欧洲冷杉）中四种阔叶树类（桦树属、法桐属、柞树属和山杨属）的 114 棵保留树的 TreM 类型。我们评估了保留树属性（树种和树龄）和周围环境（生产树密度和与保留树的距离）对 TreM 类型和组群多样性的影响。我们发现，具有不同特征和生理生态位的保留树种（需光树种与耐荫树种、先锋树种与晚成树种）会形成不同的树木多样性。随着保留树树龄和周围树木密度的增加，树胶多样性也明显增加。较高的周围树木密度尤其与某些树木形态有正相关（树冠枯死木、红叶植物）或负相关（根部凹陷、地衣）。总体而言，留存林对森林生物多样性的潜在贡献程度将取决于推广不同的阔叶留存树种，并对周围树木进行相应管理，使留存树变老并长期保持树木形态。

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引用次数: 0