Biological Conservation最新文献

英文中文

Not seeing the tree for the Forest: Scattered trees can be unexpected hotspots of fungal diversity

IF 4.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111020

Edoardo Scali , Michael Johnson , Giovanni Emiliani , Douglas Schmidt , Tina Popenuck , Matteo Garbelotto

Scattered trees are hubs of biodiversity. Here, we present a study in which fungal communities in the caulosphere of scattered individual trees were compared to those of woodlands. We compared alpha and beta diversities of wood- and bark-inhabiting fungi from the stems of trees across seven vegetation types belonging to three species: Pinus muricata, Quercus agrifolia and Notholithocarpus densiflorus. Scattered pines were among the investigated vegetation types. Correlations between stand density, or other tree features, and alpha diversity matrices, were studied with six Generalized Linear Models (GLMs), while the effect of spatial dispersion of trees was studied by correlating Ripley's K values with diversity. Results show that scattered trees represent a hub for biodiversity of wood and bark fungi. We found that caulosphere fungal richness in scattered pines was higher than that of pines growing in stands and was as high as that in notoriously biodiverse oak woodlands. Beta diversity analyses showed that the high fungal diversity in scattered pines is explained by the large number of taxa unique to pines, by a significant overlap of fungi between scattered pines and other vegetation types, and by a significant number of fungi unique to scattered pines. The GLMs showed significant correlations between high species richness, Shannon's and Simpson's indices and low forest density. Finally, we show that the fungi in or on the stems of more dispersed vegetation types are more diverse. These surprising results suggest that preserving or planting scattered trees is a cost-effective strategy that could support as much, or even more, caulosphere fungal biodiversity than entire woodlands.

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引用次数: 0

Restoring genetic diversity to facilitate the implementation of the EU Nature Restoration Law

IF 4.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.110995

David O'Brien , Tsipe Aavik , Ancuta Fedorca , Martin C. Fischer , Robin Goffaux , Sean Hoban , Peter Hollingsworth , Christina Hvilsom , Robert Jehle , Belma Kalamujić Stroil , Francine Kershaw , Peter Klinga , Alexander Kopatz , Deborah M. Leigh , Ivan Paz-Vinas , Marine Robuchon , Gernot Segelbacher , Viktoria Takacs , Cristiano Vernesi , Linda Laikre

Governments and economic blocs are recognising that the world faces a biodiversity crisis. The restoration of biodiversity to the levels prior to widespread human induced damage has been incorporated as a crucial component of conservation in the Global Biodiversity Framework of the Convention of Biological Diversity. The Nature Restoration Law (NRL) forms part of the European Union's response and after its adoption by the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, it has formally become the Nature Restoration Regulation (NRR). The NRL aims to play a role in restoring ecosystems, habitats and species but does not expressly include genetic diversity, the third biodiversity component. Considering genetic diversity in strategic biodiversity planning is important to help nature adapt to rapid anthropogenic change. We have reviewed the text of the NRL and note opportunities to incorporate genetic diversity in National Restoration Plans to augment its implementation. In particular, genetic diversity assessments are well aligned with the NRL's aspiration to enhance connectivity, and genetic indicators can assess the effectiveness of its implementation. Here we give examples where restoration has incorporated genetic diversity to ensure long term wide-reaching success. This is of relevance beyond the NRL and applies generally to policy for nature restoration efforts globally, especially those related to the Global Biodiversity Framework.

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引用次数: 0

EU nature restoration law fails to recognize missing large herbivore functions

IF 4.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111026

Pablo Garrido , Carl-Gustaf Thulin , Juan José Negro

引用次数: 0

Umbrella, keystone, or flagship? An integrated framework for identifying effective surrogate species

IF 4.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111025

Minyi Kau , Byron V. Weckworth , Sheng Li , Mathias M. Pires , Daiying Jin , Michela Pacifici , Carlo Rondinini , Luigi Boitani , Thomas M. McCarthy , Zhi Lu , George B. Schaller , Steven R. Beissinger , Juan Li

The global biodiversity crisis demands targeted conservation strategies that maximize impact despite limited resources. Surrogate species approaches, particularly using umbrella, keystone, and flagship species, offer practical targets for conservation planning that may indirectly benefit ecosystems. However, selecting target species is often hindered by conceptual ambiguities and inconsistent methodologies. To address these challenges, we present an integrative framework that systematically identifies effective surrogate species through Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) combined with big data. Our framework quantifies each species' conservation potential using three indices: an Umbrella index, a Keystone index, and a Flagship index. The Umbrella index assesses habitat overlap using Area of Habitat (AOH) data, the Keystone index is calculated through a network analysis of predator-prey relationships, and the Flagship index analyzes public interest via Google Trends and Baidu Index. These indices are integrated into a composite Effectiveness index using the Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) model, with sensitivity analysis to evaluate the robustness of species rankings. We applied this framework to Three-River-Source National Park in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Our results identified the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) as the most effective surrogate species among mammals, ranking first in both the Flagship and Keystone indices, and tenth in the Umbrella index, leading to its top position in the composite Effectiveness index. This data-driven, transparent approach enhances objectivity in surrogate species selection, promising more strategic and impactful biodiversity conservation efforts worldwide.

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引用次数: 0

Ecological mechanisms of canopy thinning: Insights into biodiversity recovery in neglected coppice

IF 4.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111003

Jan Šipoš , Ondřej Košulič , Markéta Chudomelová , Ondřej Dorňák , Radim Hédl

Abandonment of traditional management is among the major causes of the loss of temperate forest biodiversity. While numerous studies highlight the positive impact of restoring traditional forest management on biodiversity, there is a notable gap in research focusing on the ecological mechanisms underlying the benefits to taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity.

In this study, we applied canopy thinning of various intensity in an abandoned coppice to examine the response of vascular plant, ant, carabid and spider communities to the thinning intensity.

Our results showed that the increase of functional diversity following canopy thinning is driven by the increased presence, rather than abundance, of species exhibiting unique combinations of ecological traits. Plant and invertebrate communities were not clustered or overdispersed within the phylogenetic or functional space delimited by the species pool, indicating the dominant effect of stochastic processes on community assembly.

Our multispecies study demonstrates for the first time that ecological mechanism maintaining biodiversity following forest thinning are mainly governed by stochastic processes. Notably, our research reveals that the increase in species richness after tree thinning is due to the presence of species with unique ecological trait combinations. Furthermore, we identified distinct mechanisms driving community changes: carabid beetles and ants mainly experience shifts in species composition, while plants and spiders are more affected by species loss.

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引用次数: 0

Quantifying impacts of seabird bycatch using genetic assignment: A case study of black-footed albatross in U.S. fisheries

IF 4.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.110965

Jessie N. Beck , Diana S. Baetscher , Claire Tobin , Scott V. Edwards , Simon Yung Wa Sin , Shannon Fitzgerald , Vanessa J. Tuttle , John Peschon , Wesley A. Larson

引用次数: 0

Compassionate conservation in practice: A values-driven, interdisciplinary, pluralistic, and deliberative community

IF 4.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111002

William S. Lynn , Liv Baker , William T. Borrie , Adam P.A. Cardilini , Shelley M. Alexander , Simon Coghlan , Paul Cryer , Gavin T. Bonsen , Tristan T. Derham , Oded Keynan , Christine M. Reed , Sophie Riley , Erin A. Ryan , Francisco J. Santiago-Ávila , Kristen Walker , Amaroq E. Weiss , Nadia Xenakis

Conservation biology's purported remit is conserving nature by protecting species, habitats, and ecosystems. Because of this the field has historically given short shrift to the wellbeing of individual animals themselves and their role in nature protection. This approach ignores substantial scientific and ethical evidence showing that many animals are sentient, sapient and social beings who have intrinsic value and individual wellbeing. Compassionate conservation (CC) is an emergent paradigm of conservation arising to redress this absolute or relative dismissal of wild lives. Noting that the practice of CC is not well characterized, we used a modified Delphi method to explore the meaning and significance of such practices. Contrary to the stereotypes of critics, CC is not a “do nothing” but a “do better and do right” approach to working in the field. Recognizing that all science is value-laden, CC is self-consciously guided by a bounded pluralism of ethical values that inform its practice. We characterize these values as a commitment to the intrinsic moral value of people, animals and nature, and an ethics of care for their wellbeing. CC emphasizes the alignment of values and practice, coexistence as an overall goal, cooperation in the sense of working with and not against nature, honesty about the competing demands of individuals and groups in ecological and social communities, humility about the extent of our knowledge, restraint in undertaking interventions that lack efficacy, and strict scrutiny of both the ethical and scientific justifications for actions affecting animal wellbeing.

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引用次数: 0

Triangulating habitat suitability for the locally extirpated California grizzly bear

IF 4.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.110989

Alex McInturff , Peter S. Alagona , Scott D. Cooper , Kaitlyn M. Gaynor , Sarah E. Anderson , Elizabeth S. Forbes , Robert Heilmayr , Elizabeth H.T. Hiroyasu , Bruce E. Kendall , Alexis M. Mychajliw , Molly Hardesty-Moore

Reintroducing locally extirpated wildlife species is often necessary to meet recovery goals. However, because current field data cannot be gathered about these species, efforts to identify suitable habitat are often complicated and controversial. Here we present a case study examining a novel approach for identifying suitable habitat for the locally extirpated brown bear, known as the “grizzly,” in California, USA. Once home to a large population of grizzlies, the last credible sighting of a grizzly in California was in 1924, but recent discussions have explored a reintroduction. To study potential grizzly bear habitat suitability in California, we use a multi-model approach in which we consider three indirect methods, or “analogies,” each of which incorporates both environmental and social variables. In the “historical analogy,” we use a unique record of human encounters and museum specimens to build a habitat model of grizzlies in California 150 years ago. In the “geographic analogy,” we use data about contemporary brown bears in Europe and North America to identify potential suitable habitat in California. In the “taxonomic analogy,” we examine data from other large carnivores currently extant in California to draw conclusions about grizzlies. Because these methods yield varying results, we adopt a process known in the social sciences as “triangulation” to compare them. We show that a triangulation approach can improve our understanding of potential suitable habitat, clarifying the strengths and weaknesses of various methods and producing robust yet conservative estimates. Our findings suggest that large areas of suitable habitat for grizzlies exist in California. However, we note that place-based social science research and long-term investment in co-existence would be necessary to maintain suitability. The “analogy and triangulation” process demonstrates the value of multi-model approaches for evaluating habitat suitability, especially for reintroductions.

{"title":"Triangulating habitat suitability for the locally extirpated California grizzly bear","authors":"Alex McInturff , Peter S. Alagona , Scott D. Cooper , Kaitlyn M. Gaynor , Sarah E. Anderson , Elizabeth S. Forbes , Robert Heilmayr , Elizabeth H.T. Hiroyasu , Bruce E. Kendall , Alexis M. Mychajliw , Molly Hardesty-Moore","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.110989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocon.2025.110989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reintroducing locally extirpated wildlife species is often necessary to meet recovery goals. However, because current field data cannot be gathered about these species, efforts to identify suitable habitat are often complicated and controversial. Here we present a case study examining a novel approach for identifying suitable habitat for the locally extirpated brown bear, known as the “grizzly,” in California, USA. Once home to a large population of grizzlies, the last credible sighting of a grizzly in California was in 1924, but recent discussions have explored a reintroduction. To study potential grizzly bear habitat suitability in California, we use a multi-model approach in which we consider three indirect methods, or “analogies,” each of which incorporates both environmental and social variables. In the “historical analogy,” we use a unique record of human encounters and museum specimens to build a habitat model of grizzlies in California 150 years ago. In the “geographic analogy,” we use data about contemporary brown bears in Europe and North America to identify potential suitable habitat in California. In the “taxonomic analogy,” we examine data from other large carnivores currently extant in California to draw conclusions about grizzlies. Because these methods yield varying results, we adopt a process known in the social sciences as “triangulation” to compare them. We show that a triangulation approach can improve our understanding of potential suitable habitat, clarifying the strengths and weaknesses of various methods and producing robust yet conservative estimates. Our findings suggest that large areas of suitable habitat for grizzlies exist in California. However, we note that place-based social science research and long-term investment in co-existence would be necessary to maintain suitability. The “analogy and triangulation” process demonstrates the value of multi-model approaches for evaluating habitat suitability, especially for reintroductions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55375,"journal":{"name":"Biological Conservation","volume":"303 ","pages":"Article 110989"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143348197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Habitat disturbance alters movement behaviour in a social Afrotropical forest bird

IF 4.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.110996

Gladys Nyakeru Kung'u , Christina Fischer , Janne Heiskanen , Laurence Cousseau , Mwangi Githiru , Jan Christian Habel , Kim G. Mortega , Peter Njoroge , Linda Alila , Petri Pellikka , Luc Lens , Beate Apfelbeck

Animal movement is crucial for fitness and is influenced by resource availability and social dynamics. Habitat degradation changes resource availability, impacting movement behaviour and habitat use. However, responses vary among species, and the role of sociality is unclear. Thus, a better understanding of how and why habitat degradation affects animal movement patterns is important for effective conservation. We studied the impact of forest degradation on the movement behaviour of the placid greenbul Phyllastrephus placidus, a cooperatively breeding bird, in the cloud forest fragments of the Taita Hills in Kenya, which are part of the Eastern Arc Mountains biodiversity hotspot. Individuals covered greater distances and occupied larger home ranges in heavily degraded than in less degraded forest. This was probably due to decreased canopy cover in degraded forest as travel distance and home-range size were inversely related to canopy cover within the home range. In addition, in the degraded forest, individuals were found preferentially in sites with higher mean canopy height than the mean canopy height calculated over the entire home range. Group sizes were not related to home-range size or travel distances. Thus, forest degradation seems to reduce the availability of suitable foraging patches and increase resource dispersion, but not resource richness within foraging patches. The study highlights the need to develop strategies to prevent further degradation of canopy cover in the Taita Hills and other tropical forest ecosystems to ensure the long-term persistence of tropical forest species.

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引用次数: 0

Diverse land uses and connectivity allow urban wildlife populations to meet minimum area requirements

IF 4.9 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110909

Rachel Peterson, Margaret E. Andrew

A number of native species, including species of conservation concern, are found in cities worldwide. However, the persistence of these populations is uncertain given the extinction debt fragmented urban ecosystems are likely to face. We used species distribution modelling and graph theory to evaluate the ability of connected habitat networks to sustain viable populations of quenda (Isoodon fusciventer), a priority near-threatened mammal species, in the urban and peri-urban landscapes of Perth, Western Australia. Quenda habitat was associated with native remnants and adjacent perennial vegetation in the urban matrix, and occurred most prominently on commercial, education, and industrial land uses. We evaluated connectivity models corresponding to two movement behaviours: routine daily movements within the home range and annual home range shifts, finding that annual scale movements are most important for connectivity. At this scale, quenda habitat was relatively well connected. Most (68–80 %) of the suitable habitat (9–10 % of the study area) met minimum viable area (MVA) requirements when assessed as part of a connected habitat network. However, this is divided into 10–30 disconnected populations and quenda are unlikely to persist in the most densely developed areas. Our results can be used to guide planning so that viable populations are not lost or subdivided by ongoing urban development. They also highlight where urban greening might restore connectivity to ‘rescue’ declining populations that do not currently have access to an MVA. Quenda are beloved by urban residents; their sustained presence throughout Perth enhances people's connection to nature and may strengthen support for conservation.

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