Biological Conservation最新文献_第4页

When coping means breaking the rules: Understanding conservation crime through strain 当应对意味着打破规则：通过紧张理解保护犯罪

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111687

Judith J. Rakowski , Michelle Anagnostou , Trong Dat Cao Tien , Trung Cao Tien , Laure Joanny , Ha Trang Nguyen , James L. Slade , Luan Van Nguyen , Elle Jingjing Xu , Meredith L. Gore

Conservation crime, including outlawed hunting, logging, and natural resource use, poses a direct threat to biodiversity worldwide. Reducing this harmful behavior and understanding the motivations of offenders is crucial, yet drivers remain underexamined. This study applies General Strain Theory to explore how social and environmental strains shape coping strategies, including conservation crime, among communities in and around Pù Mát National Park, Vietnam, a hotspot for conservation crime. We conducted three phases of qualitative fieldwork in 2023 and 2024 across 16 communities, using semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and member-checking workshops with 218 participants. We identified nine distinct strains, ranging from unmet basic needs and economic hardship to land accessibility, environmental stressors, and insufficient medical care. Four of them are novel, ecologically embedded forms, such as road and remoteness strain or environmental stressors. Participants described four main coping strategies: conservation crime, outmigration, reliance on aid, and lifestyle adaptation. While participants did not always explicitly connect specific strains to illegal behavior, basic needs, economic, land, and road and remoteness strains emerged as particularly salient and were most frequently discussed in relation to conservation crime. These findings suggest that broader structural inequalities—such as poverty, limited access to services, and spatial marginalization—may influence vulnerability to illegal resource use and merit attention as potentially criminogenic stressors. By applying General Strain Theory to conservation and extending it with ecologically grounded and spatially situated drivers of strain, this study offers a new lens for identifying, anticipating, and potentially addressing risks of conservation crime in protected areas.

保护犯罪，包括非法狩猎、伐木和自然资源利用，对全球生物多样性构成直接威胁。减少这种有害行为和了解违法者的动机是至关重要的，然而司机仍然没有得到充分的研究。本研究运用一般应变理论，探讨社会和环境应变如何影响越南Pù Mát国家公园及其周边社区的应对策略，包括保护犯罪。Pù Mát国家公园是保护犯罪的热点。我们在2023年和2024年对16个社区进行了三个阶段的定性实地调查，使用了半结构化访谈、焦点小组和218名参与者的成员检查研讨会。我们确定了9种不同的压力，从未满足的基本需求和经济困难到土地可及性、环境压力因素和医疗保健不足。其中四种是新颖的、生态嵌入式的形式，如道路和偏远的压力或环境压力。与会者描述了四种主要的应对策略：保护犯罪、外迁、依赖援助和适应生活方式。虽然参与者并不总是明确地将特定的压力与非法行为联系起来，但基本需求、经济、土地、道路和偏远地区的压力显得尤为突出，并且与保护犯罪相关的讨论最为频繁。这些发现表明，更广泛的结构性不平等——如贫困、获得服务的机会有限和空间边缘化——可能会影响对非法资源使用的脆弱性，并作为潜在的犯罪压力因素值得关注。通过将一般应变理论应用于保护，并将其扩展到生态基础和空间定位的应变驱动因素，本研究为识别、预测和潜在解决保护区保护犯罪风险提供了一个新的视角。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing the effectiveness of strictly protected areas in preventing forest loss and degradation across different forest types in the Caucasus 评估严格保护区在防止高加索不同森林类型的森林损失和退化方面的有效性

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111685

Johanna Buchner , Katarzyna Ewa Lewińska , Van Butsic , Zuzana Buřivalová , Arash Ghoddousi , Natalia Rogova , Afag Rizayeva , Eugenia V. Bragina , Volker C. Radeloff

Protected areas are a cornerstone of conservation, designed to preserve ecosystems such as forests. While their effectiveness to stem forest loss is well understood, preventing forest degradation is less clear, although selective logging can alter forest structure and affect biodiversity. It is also unclear how effectiveness varies among forest types. We assessed whether strictly protected areas established before the collapse of the Soviet Union were effective in preventing forest loss and degradation in coniferous, mixed, and deciduous forests across the Caucasus, a biodiversity hotspot. We used an available land-cover classification dataset from 1987 to 2015 to assess forest loss, and mapped degradation using spectral mixture analysis of Landsat imagery from 1988 to 2019 specifically for this study. To assess effectiveness, we applied propensity score matching and panel regressions. We found that protected areas in Armenia and Azerbaijan were effective in preventing forest loss but largely ineffective in preventing degradation. Protected areas in Georgia and Russia were ineffective in preventing forest loss and degradation. Among forest types, degradation was only lower in mixed forests in protected areas across the Caucasus. Our results suggest that (a) including forest degradation in assessments provides important insights into forest threats, and (b) the level of effectiveness varies among forest types. Rare forest types with economically valuable tree species may be disproportionately affected, and their threats can only be detected when looking beyond forest loss. Information on degraded forests can support both monitoring and future restoration, highlighting the need for various indictors when assessing protection outcomes.

保护区是自然保护的基石，旨在保护森林等生态系统。虽然它们在阻止森林损失方面的有效性得到了充分的了解，但防止森林退化却不太清楚，尽管选择性采伐可以改变森林结构并影响生物多样性。目前还不清楚不同森林类型的有效性如何不同。我们评估了苏联解体前建立的严格保护区是否能有效防止高加索地区针叶林、混交林和落叶林的森林损失和退化。高加索地区是生物多样性的热点地区。我们使用1987年至2015年的可用土地覆盖分类数据集来评估森林损失，并专门为本研究使用1988年至2019年Landsat图像的光谱混合分析来绘制退化图。为了评估有效性，我们应用了倾向评分匹配和面板回归。我们发现，亚美尼亚和阿塞拜疆的保护区在防止森林损失方面有效，但在防止退化方面基本无效。格鲁吉亚和俄罗斯的保护区在防止森林损失和退化方面是无效的。在森林类型中，只有整个高加索保护区的混交林的退化程度较低。我们的研究结果表明：(a)在评估中纳入森林退化提供了对森林威胁的重要见解；(b)不同森林类型的有效性水平不同。拥有具有经济价值树种的稀有森林类型可能受到不成比例的影响，它们的威胁只有在森林损失之外才能发现。关于退化森林的信息可以支持监测和未来的恢复，强调在评估保护成果时需要各种指标。

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引用次数: 0

Priorities for conservation rely heavily on discovery and assessments 保护的优先次序在很大程度上依赖于发现和评估

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111689

Harith Farooq , Craig Hilton-Taylor , Michael Hoffmann , Carsten Rahbek , Jonas Geldmann

The Red List is one of the most important and widely used sources of biodiversity information, providing conservation assessments for nearly 160,000 species. Here, we assess how the change in available Red List data can influence the selection of spatial conservation priorities and which regions are identified as most critical for conservation. We mapped biodiversity importance based on species ranges and threat status at ∼25 km, ∼50 km, and ∼ 100 km resolutions for two time points: 2010 and 2023. We then analyzed shifts in the top 10 % and 25 % most important areas for biodiversity at global and national levels between the two time points. We find that, globally, conservation priorities shifted over time from higher-income to lower-income countries. Nationally, priority areas in 2010 and 2023 were on average 60 % retained and over 40 % of countries experienced a shift in over half of their priority areas between the two years. Beyond showing large shifts within countries of which areas would be the most important to preserve, our analysis highlights an increasing focus on biodiversity research in developing nations. These shifts showcase the uneven global sampling of biodiversity, which skews our understanding of where to invest to efficiently conserve nature. We recommend increased funding for geographically representative field data collection, and the inclusion of explicit guidelines for regular updates in biodiversity frameworks to ensure conservation strategies remain effective.

红色名录是生物多样性信息最重要和最广泛使用的来源之一，为近16万种物种提供了保护评估。在这里，我们评估了可用红色名录数据的变化如何影响空间保护优先级的选择，以及哪些区域被认为是最重要的保护区域。我们在2010年和2023年两个时间点分别以~ 25公里、~ 50公里和~ 100公里的分辨率绘制了基于物种范围和威胁状况的生物多样性重要性图。然后，我们分析了两个时间点之间全球和国家层面生物多样性最重要的前10%和25%地区的变化。我们发现，在全球范围内，随着时间的推移，保护重点从高收入国家转移到了低收入国家。在全国范围内，2010年和2023年的优先领域平均保留了60%，超过40%的国家在两年间有一半以上的优先领域发生了变化。我们的分析除了显示出国家内部哪些地区最需要保护的巨大变化之外，还强调了发展中国家对生物多样性研究的日益关注。这些变化显示了全球生物多样性采样的不平衡，这扭曲了我们对在哪里投资以有效保护自然的理解。我们建议增加对具有地理代表性的实地数据收集的资助，并在生物多样性框架中纳入定期更新的明确指导方针，以确保保护战略保持有效。

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引用次数: 0

Exposure and sensitivity of threatened plant species to changing drought regimes: A global analysis 濒危植物物种对干旱变化的暴露和敏感性：一项全球分析

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111684

Susan E. Everingham , Ian J. Wright , Lina Teckentrup , Stuart Allen , Rachael V. Gallagher

Climate change is driving substantial impacts on plants, including widespread increases in drought frequency, duration, and intensity. Changes to these elements of the drought regime can elevate plant mortality and extinction risk, yet they remain largely overlooked in International Union for the Conservation of Nature's (IUCN) Red List assessments. We quantified the exposure of Red Listed plant species to future drought regimes by intersecting species' geographic ranges with global projections of drought duration and frequency. Across climate scenarios (SSP2–4.5, SSP5–8.5) 96 % of threatened species examined were projected to experience increases in drought frequency and duration in at least part of their range. On average, drought duration is projected to increase by 2–4 weeks, with one additional drought every 25–30 years across species ranges. The most exposed species include 28 threatened palms, 20 of which are Critically endangered, and 454 Proteaceae species, including four Critically endangered proteas (Protea holosericea, P. inopina, P. odorata, P. namaquana). Trees, shrubs and geophytes are most exposed of all plant growth forms to drought regime shifts. In threatened trees and shrubs species, data on hydraulic measures of sensitivity to drought are scarce, with key data available for only six species assessed for expsoure. Of these, three Endangered species (Coffea arabica, Eucalyptus albida, Isopogon gardneri) exhibit sensitivity to changing drought regimes. Our findings highlight the substantial risk to threatened plants posed by increased drought exposure, with important implications for conservation planning. Incorporating drought-regime shifts into future threat assessments will more accurately capturing emerging climate-related extinction risk.

气候变化正在对植物产生重大影响，包括干旱频率、持续时间和强度的普遍增加。干旱制度中这些因素的变化可能会提高植物死亡率和灭绝风险，但在国际自然保护联盟（IUCN）的红色名录评估中，它们在很大程度上被忽视了。我们通过将物种的地理范围与全球干旱持续时间和频率预测相交叉，量化了红色名录植物物种对未来干旱制度的暴露程度。在不同的气候情景（SSP2-4.5、SSP5-8.5）中，预计96%的受威胁物种至少在其部分范围内经历干旱频率和持续时间的增加。平均而言，干旱持续时间预计将增加2-4周，在物种范围内每25-30年增加一次干旱。暴露最多的物种包括28种受威胁的棕榈树，其中20种为极度濒危物种；454种变形科植物，包括4种极度濒危的变形科植物（变形科）（holosericea， P. inopina， P. odorata， P. namaquana）。在所有植物生长形式中，树木、灌木和地生植物最容易受到干旱变化的影响。在受威胁的树木和灌木物种中，关于干旱敏感性的水力测量数据很少，只有六种物种的关键数据可供评估。其中，三种濒危物种（阿拉比卡咖啡、蓝桉、加特纳等）对不断变化的干旱状况表现出敏感。我们的发现强调了干旱增加对受威胁植物造成的巨大风险，对保护规划具有重要意义。将干旱变化纳入未来的威胁评估将更准确地捕捉与气候相关的新灭绝风险。

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引用次数: 0

Endemic bird species are far more threatened than previously thought across the semiarid Caatinga dry forest domain 在半干旱的Caatinga干旱森林地区，特有的鸟类物种受到的威胁远比以前想象的要大

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111690

Mônica da Costa Lima , Carlos A. Peres , Helder Farias P. Araujo

Biodiversity loss is a hallmark of human impacts on natural landscapes worldwide, particularly in dry tropical forest regions which have been historically neglected by ecological and conservation science, concealing the true history of local extinctions. Here, we (1) assess the magnitude and spatial extent of local extinctions of the endemic forest birds of the Caatinga dry forest domain of northeastern Brazil, one of the most biodiverse and densely populated semi-arid regions on Earth; and (2) explore the drivers of local extinctions of these species. We quantified differences between the contemporary and reconstructed historical distributions of these species using species distribution models to estimate the regional-scale spatial extent of local extinctions. We also assessed the importance of positive and negative environmental predictors of local extinctions using gradient boosting machine models, which are algorithms that combine multiple decision trees to improve predictive performance. Most of these species lost over 50 % of their historical range, which exacerbates regional scale extinction threat. Ten of the 13 endemic species considered are likely far more threatened than suggested in previous Red List assessments. Additionally, 88 % of the Caatinga domain has already recorded local extinctions of endemic forest birds. We show this is attributed to loss of aboveground phytomass, causing irreversible damage to dry forest habitats. Unexpectedly, local persistence of endemic forest birds was not positively affected by protected areas, likely because the historical regional-scale extinction filter predates their creation and establishment. Due to reduced ranges, these species have become more susceptible to global extinctions. Therefore, integrated conservation measures should be adopted, including natural resource management and forest restoration, to avert further historical losses of this unique biodiversity.

生物多样性丧失是人类对世界各地自然景观影响的一个标志，特别是在干旱的热带森林地区，这些地区历史上一直被生态和保护科学所忽视，掩盖了当地物种灭绝的真实历史。在此，我们(1)评估了巴西东北部Caatinga干旱森林域特有森林鸟类局部灭绝的程度和空间范围，这是地球上生物多样性最丰富、人口最密集的半干旱地区之一；(2)探索这些物种在当地灭绝的驱动因素。我们使用物种分布模型量化了这些物种的当代和重建历史分布之间的差异，以估计区域尺度的局部灭绝的空间范围。我们还使用梯度增强机器模型评估了当地灭绝的正面和负面环境预测因素的重要性，这些模型是结合多个决策树来提高预测性能的算法。这些物种大多失去了其历史范围的50%以上，这加剧了区域范围的灭绝威胁。在被考虑的13种特有物种中，有10种受到的威胁可能远比以前红色名录评估中所建议的严重。此外，88%的Caatinga地区已经记录了当地特有森林鸟类的灭绝。我们的研究表明，这是由于地上生物量的减少，对干燥的森林栖息地造成了不可逆转的损害。出乎意料的是，当地特有森林鸟类的持久性没有受到保护区的积极影响，可能是因为历史区域尺度的灭绝过滤器早于它们的创建和建立。由于分布范围的缩小，这些物种更容易受到全球灭绝的影响。因此，应采取综合保护措施，包括自然资源管理和森林恢复，以避免这种独特的生物多样性进一步的历史损失。

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引用次数: 0

Species-habitat networks inform pollinator conservation strategies in cities 物种-栖息地网络为城市传粉者保护策略提供信息

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111680

Costanza Geppert , Andree Cappellari , Maurizio Mei , Dino Paniccia , Lorenzo Marini

As more people live in cities, research on the ecological role of urban green for pollinators is accumulating. However, most studies have focused on the diversity patterns at the local scale, while an urgent question is to understand how to manage whole cities to maximise pollinator conservation.

Here, we selected 105 sites belonging to 6 habitat types (abandoned meadows, crop field margins, gardens, parks, parks managed with a pollinator friendly mowing regime, and road margins) in the city of Padua (Italy). We sampled bees and hoverflies using transect walks, from spring to late summer, and analysed species-habitat networks to understand how pollinator communities were organized across urban green areas.

We found that most pollinator species interacted with most habitat types in the city, creating a highly generalistic and robust network. Compared to all other habitats, road margins had a very small influence over the network and hosted the lowest pollinator abundance and species richness. Green areas in the landscape positively affected wild bees but local patch quality, in terms of flowers and low mowing regime, was key. Network robustness decreased when the patches with the highest quality were removed first, and pollinators depended on the patches with the highest flower cover and vegetation height.

Except for road margins, all habitat patches could support pollinator species. Therefore, urban planning strategies could be tailored without considering habitat identity, for example by increasing the overall amount of green areas and by implementing management practices that enhance the floral resources across all urban green spaces.

随着越来越多的人居住在城市，关于城市绿化对传粉昆虫的生态作用的研究也在不断积累。然而，大多数研究都集中在局部尺度上的多样性模式，而如何管理整个城市以最大限度地保护传粉媒介是一个迫切的问题。在这里，我们选择了意大利帕多瓦市6种栖息地类型（废弃草甸、农田边缘、花园、公园、采用传粉媒介友好刈割制度管理的公园和道路边缘）的105个地点。从春季到夏末，我们对蜜蜂和食蚜蝇进行了取样，并分析了物种栖息地网络，以了解传粉者群落是如何在城市绿地上组织起来的。我们发现，大多数传粉媒介物种与城市中大多数栖息地类型相互作用，形成了一个高度通用和强大的网络。与所有其他生境相比，道路边缘对网络的影响非常小，并且承载的传粉媒介丰度和物种丰富度最低。景观中的绿色区域对野生蜜蜂有积极影响，但就花卉和低刈割制度而言，当地斑块的质量是关键。当首先去除质量最高的斑块时，网络鲁棒性降低，传粉者依赖于花盖度和植被高度最高的斑块。除道路边缘外，所有生境斑块均能支持传粉媒介。因此，城市规划策略可以在不考虑栖息地特征的情况下量身定制，例如通过增加绿地总面积和实施管理措施来增强所有城市绿地的花卉资源。

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引用次数: 0

Have we learned our lesson from fires of 2024 in Brazil? 我们从2024年巴西大火中吸取教训了吗？

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111691

Klécia Massi , Alessandra Fidelis , Nathália Nascimento , Vânia Pivello , Jerônimo Sansevero , Leandro Reverberi-Tambosi

The alarming 2023–2024 fire season, with over 390 million hectares burned globally, reveals a pervasive environmental crisis affecting both fire sensitive and fire adapted ecosystems. We evaluated annual burned area trends in Brazil from 1985 to 2024 using a robust trajectory analysis, revealing complex and alarming patterns. Our findings highlight significant increasing and reversal trends in critical biomes like the Amazon and Cerrado, alongside record-breaking fire seasons in regions previously considered stable, with important ecological and human health implications. The fire dynamics is a consequence of a complex interplay of land use changes, climate extremes, and environmental policies adopted later than its corresponding problems emerge. The solutions for this global crisis demand an urgent, comprehensive Integrated Fire Management (IFM) approach and its effective implementation depends on robust multi-actor governance, substantial funding for agencies, and strong international cooperation. The upcoming COP 30 in Brazil presents a pivotal opportunity to elevate wildfire prevention and management as a global priority.

令人担忧的2023-2024年火灾季节，全球火灾面积超过3.9亿公顷，表明普遍存在的环境危机影响着火灾敏感生态系统和适应火灾的生态系统。我们评估了巴西从1985年到2024年的年度燃烧面积趋势，使用强大的轨迹分析，揭示了复杂和惊人的模式。我们的研究结果强调了亚马逊和塞拉多等关键生物群落的显着增加和逆转趋势，以及以前被认为稳定的地区破纪录的火灾季节，具有重要的生态和人类健康影响。火灾动态是土地利用变化、极端气候和环境政策的复杂相互作用的结果，而环境政策的采取晚于相应问题的出现。这场全球危机的解决方案需要紧急、全面的综合火灾管理（IFM）方法，其有效实施取决于强有力的多主体治理、为各机构提供大量资金以及强有力的国际合作。即将在巴西召开的缔约方大会第三十次会议为将野火预防和管理提升为全球优先事项提供了一个关键机会。

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引用次数: 0

Fishing patterns shaped by history, place, and access leave lasting ecological signatures on coral reef fish assemblages 受历史、地点和通道影响的捕捞模式在珊瑚礁鱼类群落中留下了持久的生态印记

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111675

Radhika Nair , Siddhi Jaishankar , Mayukh Dey , Wenzel Pinto , B.T. Rajeswari Bhai , Teresa Alcoverro , Rohan Arthur

As global demand for seafood increases, reef fisheries expand with increasing mobility and market integration. Yet, many remain small-scale and informally regulated, where place-based knowledge shapes how fishing is distributed across space and between diverse resource users. These social geographies impact reef fish assemblages, with consequences for ecosystem function. However, this is challenging to document in data-poor fisheries. We used a mixed-methods approach with i. interview surveys to characterise perceptions of catch availability, spatial patterns and intensity of reef fishing and ii. in-water surveys to quantify the impact of fishing on fish communities, in the Lakshadweep archipelago (Indian Ocean). We found that although the fishery is nominally open access, subsistence fishing was limited to a distinct ‘home resource catchment’; confined to reefs proximate to inhabited islands. The recently emerged commercial reef fishery maintains profitability by focusing on distant, uninhabited atolls that have not experienced historical pressure and are perceived as richer fishing grounds. This represents a ‘spatial fix’, where problems of overaccumulation are solved by expanding or restructuring geographical space. Historically fished, proximate reefs are associated with significantly lower biomass (up to 69.8 %) and abundance (up to 97.14 %) of target predator species than reefs of distant, uninhabited atolls. The densely populated capital atoll shows the strongest fishing impacts with significant differences in size structure and community composition as well. Our approach reveals nuances in how subsistence and commercial fishers navigate shared resources and highlights a critical need for careful understanding of the social geographies of reef use.

随着全球对海产品需求的增加，珊瑚礁渔业随着流动性和市场一体化的增加而扩大。然而，许多渔业仍然是小规模的，受到非正式的监管，基于地方的知识决定了渔业如何在空间上和不同资源使用者之间分布。这些社会地理位置影响了珊瑚鱼的聚集，从而影响了生态系统的功能。然而，在数据匮乏的渔业中记录这一情况具有挑战性。我们使用了一种混合方法的方法：1 .访谈调查来描述对捕捞可用性、空间模式和珊瑚礁捕捞强度的看法；在Lakshadweep群岛（印度洋）进行水中调查，以量化捕鱼对鱼类群落的影响。我们发现，虽然渔业名义上是开放的，但自给渔业仅限于一个独特的“家庭资源集水区”；局限于靠近有人居住的岛屿的暗礁。最近出现的商业珊瑚礁渔业通过将重点放在遥远的无人居住的环礁上来维持盈利，这些环礁没有经历过历史压力，被认为是更丰富的渔场。这代表了一种“空间修复”，通过扩大或重组地理空间来解决过度积累的问题。从历史上看，近地珊瑚礁的生物量（高达69.8%）和目标捕食者物种的丰度（高达97.14%）明显低于遥远的无人居住的环礁。人口密集的首都环礁对渔业的影响最大，其大小结构和群落组成也存在显著差异。我们的方法揭示了生计渔民和商业渔民如何在共享资源中导航的细微差别，并强调了仔细理解珊瑚礁使用的社会地理的迫切需要。

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引用次数: 0

Inbred source populations result in genetic rescue of imperiled trout populations 近交系源种群导致濒危鳟鱼种群的遗传拯救

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111677

Donovan A. Bell , Ryan P. Kovach , Zachary Robinson , Anthony Dangora , Jason Mullen , Alex Poole , Jim Olsen , Ronald Spoon , Coltan Pipinich , Lee Nelson , Andrew R. Whiteley

Genetic rescue—assisted translocation to reduce inbreeding and increase population viability—is a promising conservation strategy for mitigating the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation. Most empirical studies of genetic rescue conducted in the wild focus on single populations, where environmental variability and concurrent management actions confound results. Moreover, nearly all genetic rescue studies in wild populations rely on outbred sources, but inbred donor populations are often the only available option for imperiled species. We conducted a rare experimental test of genetic rescue using wild, isolated westslope cutthroat trout populations with severely elevated levels of inbreeding. A small number of fish were translocated from inbred sources into four isolated recipient populations spanning a gradient of genetic variation and inbreeding. To explicitly evaluate effects of genetic rescue, we developed an integrated population model (IPM) that incorporates Mendelian inheritance and ancestry-specific vital rates. Three recipient populations with the highest degrees of inbreeding showed increased genetic variation, aggregate fitness, and abundance. There was a scaling effect of genetic rescue, with the strongest responses in the most inbred populations. Importantly, we provide strong evidence that inbred donor populations can facilitate genetic rescue, providing critical empirical support for genetic rescue as a viable conservation strategy for many threatened taxa in which ideal (outbred) donor populations no longer exist.

遗传救援-辅助易位以减少近亲繁殖和增加种群生存能力-是一种很有前途的保护策略，可以减轻栖息地丧失和破碎化的影响。大多数在野外进行的遗传救援实证研究都集中在单个种群上，其中环境的可变性和同时进行的管理行动会混淆结果。此外，几乎所有野生种群的遗传救援研究都依赖于近亲繁殖，但近亲繁殖的供体种群往往是濒危物种的唯一选择。我们进行了一项罕见的遗传救援实验，使用野生的，孤立的西坡切喉鳟鱼种群，近亲繁殖水平严重升高。少数鱼类从近交系转移到四个孤立的受体群体，跨越遗传变异和近交系的梯度。为了明确评估遗传拯救的效果，我们开发了一个综合种群模型（IPM），该模型结合了孟德尔遗传和祖先特异性生命率。近交程度最高的3个受体群体遗传变异、总体适应度和丰度均有所增加。遗传拯救存在规模效应，在大多数近亲繁殖的种群中反应最强。重要的是，我们提供了强有力的证据，表明近交供体群体可以促进遗传救援，为遗传救援作为一种可行的保护策略提供了关键的经验支持，在许多受威胁的分类群中，理想的（近交）供体群体不再存在。

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引用次数: 0

The responsibility of Western European coastal states for the conservation of two emblematic migratory seabirds in the context of offshore wind farms 在海上风力发电场的背景下，西欧沿海国家对保护两种具有象征意义的候鸟的责任

IF 4.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Biological Conservation

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111678

Alice Bernard , Nicolas Courbin , Jérémy Tornos , Tristan J.B. Martin , Mathilde Lejeune , Aurélien Prudor , Pascal Provost , Adrien Lambrechts , Chris P. Gaskin , Jérôme Cabelguen , Matthieu Bécot , Frédéric Jiguet , David Grémillet

Studying fine-scale movements of seabirds during migration is logistically challenging, but GPS technologies allow accurate tracking of individuals on their migratory journeys. Such data provide essential information in the context of offshore wind farm (OWF) developments, notably to anticipate spatial OWF overlap with migratory corridors and main foraging areas used along the routes of vulnerable species. Using high-precision GPS-GSM tags, we investigated the end of summer, southbound migration of two emblematic seabirds of French waters: Juvenile and adult Northern gannets Morus bassanus, and adult Balearic shearwaters Puffinus mauretanicus. Both species travel along the Southwestern European coast, between the Bay of Biscay and Western Africa, or the Mediterranean Sea. Adult gannets thereby migrate through the EEZ of up to 10 countries, six for juvenile gannet, and four for shearwaters. Combining behavioural segmentation based on hidden Markov models and utilization distribution modelling, we found that between two and 6 % of migration routes overlapped with proposed OWFs, with similar impacts on transit and foraging/resting areas. Studied seabirds were most at risk within Portuguese compared to Spanish waters, as they flew closest to OWFs (<10 km on average). While massive OWF developments are being planned within Western European coastal areas, our study suggests that offshore developments should be set >22 km away from the coast, to preserve transnational seabird migratory corridors.

研究海鸟在迁徙过程中的精细运动在后勤上是具有挑战性的，但GPS技术可以精确地跟踪个体的迁徙旅程。这些数据为海上风电场（OWF）的发展提供了必要的信息，特别是预测海上风电场与迁徙走廊和沿脆弱物种路线使用的主要觅食区域的空间重叠。利用高精度GPS-GSM标签，研究了夏末法国海域两种标志性海鸟：幼鱼和成年塘鹅Morus bassanus，以及成年巴利阿里海鸥Puffinus mauretanicus的南下迁徙。这两个物种都沿着欧洲西南部海岸，比斯开湾和西非之间，或地中海旅行。因此，成年塘鹅通过多达10个国家的专属经济区迁徙，6个为幼塘鹅，4个为海鸥。结合基于隐马尔可夫模型的行为分割和利用分布模型，我们发现2%至6%的迁徙路线与建议的owf重叠，对过境和觅食/休息区域的影响相似。与西班牙水域相比，被研究的海鸟在葡萄牙水域的风险最大，因为它们飞得离owf最近（平均10公里）。虽然西欧沿海地区正在规划大规模的海洋生物保护区开发，但我们的研究表明，离岸开发应设置在距离海岸22公里的地方，以保护跨国海鸟迁徙走廊。

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引用次数: 0