Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering最新文献_第2页

A noisy label correction framework for apnea-hypopnea index estimation from sleep breathing sounds 从睡眠呼吸声估计呼吸暂停-低通气指数的噪声标签校正框架

IF 6.6 2区医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2026.01.003

Yujun Song , Jianxin Peng , Li Ding , Lijuan Song , Xiaowen Zhang

Background

Sleep breathing-sound analysis offers a non-contact option for Apnea–Hypopnea Index (AHI) estimation and obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) screening. However, labels for audio segments are typically assigned by automatic alignment with polysomnography (PSG) annotations, which can introduce label noise around apnea–hypopnea events and degrade AHI estimation performance. This work proposes an AHI estimation framework that explicitly corrects noisy labels in large-scale breathing-sound datasets.

Methods

Whole-night sleep breathing sounds from the PSG-Audio dataset were divided into fixed-length segments and automatically labeled according to PSG annotations. An ensemble noisy-label classifier based on three ConvNeXt variants was trained to identify and correct mislabeled labels. The corrected labels were then used to train a lightweight model that combines ConvNeXt with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) for apnea–hypopnea event detection. Night-level prediction summaries were then mapped to AHI using a robust RANSAC linear regression model.

Results

Approximately 8% of the audio segments had their labels corrected. On a subject-independent test set of 50 subjects, training with corrected labels improved event-detection accuracy by 4.99% and F1-score by 2.3% compared with the raw-label baseline. The estimated AHI achieved a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.85 with AHI from PSG. For severe OSAHS screening, the system achieved 0.94 sensitivity and 0.86 specificity.

Conclusions

Explicit label-noise correction improves fully non-contact AHI estimation from breathing sounds without additional sensors or substantially increased complexity. The proposed framework supports scalable AHI-based screening and triage and motivates prospective validation in diverse home settings.

背景：睡眠呼吸声分析为呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）估计和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）筛查提供了一种非接触式选择。然而，音频片段的标签通常是通过与多导睡眠图（PSG）注释自动对齐来分配的，这可能会在呼吸暂停-低通气事件周围引入标签噪声，并降低AHI估计性能。这项工作提出了一个AHI估计框架，可以明确地纠正大规模呼吸声数据集中的噪声标签。方法将PSG- audio数据集中的夜间睡眠呼吸音分成固定长度的片段，并根据PSG标注进行自动标注。训练了一个基于三个ConvNeXt变体的集成噪声标签分类器来识别和纠正错误标记的标签。然后使用校正后的标签来训练轻量级模型，该模型将ConvNeXt与长短期记忆（LSTM）相结合，用于呼吸暂停-低通气事件检测。然后使用稳健的RANSAC线性回归模型将夜间水平预测摘要映射到AHI。结果大约8%的音频片段的标签得到了纠正。在50名受试者的受试者独立测试集上，与原始标签基线相比，使用校正标签的训练使事件检测准确率提高了4.99%，f1得分提高了2.3%。估计AHI与PSG的AHI的Pearson相关系数为0.85。对于重度OSAHS筛查，该系统灵敏度为0.94，特异度为0.86。结论隐式标签噪声校正可以完全改善呼吸声的非接触式AHI估计，而无需额外的传感器或大幅增加复杂性。拟议的框架支持可扩展的基于ahi的筛查和分类，并激励在不同家庭环境中的前瞻性验证。

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引用次数: 0

Detecting, characterizing and visualizing multiple sclerosis in optical coherence tomography through biomarker selection 通过生物标志物选择在光学相干断层扫描中检测、表征和可视化多发性硬化

IF 6.6 2区医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2026.01.005

Emilio López-Varela , Noelia Barreira , Nuria Olivier Pascual , J. Quezada-Sánchez , C. Oreja-Guevara , José Rouco

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease affecting the central nervous system, which is the primary cause of non-traumatic neurological disability among young adults. Diagnosing MS is challenging yet crucial for effective patient treatment. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) has emerged as a non-invasive and efficient tool for analysing optic nerv alterations and assessing neurodegeneration in MS, particularly through changes in retinal thickness of layers such as the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL). In this work, we investigate the potential of using changes across all retinal layer thickness as a biomarker for MS detection. To accomplish this, we propose a fully automatic system consisting of an MS classification model and a pathological thickness visualization model. First, our system employs a fully convolutional neural network to segment retinal layers and choroidal vessels and to calculate the extraction of layer thickness at varying granularities. Global and local layer thickness are used as inputs for the MS classification model. A genetic multi-objective algorithm is used for effective feature selection. Concurrently, voxel-level layer thickness serves as input for the visualization model that generates a 2D probability map where the pathological regions are highlighted. This map contributes to an interactive 3D reconstruction that provides a swift overview of MS-associated thickness changes. Extensive experimentation on real clinical MS cases validates the significant potential of the proposed system for practical clinical applications and showcases its efficacy in enhancing diagnostic precision and efficiency.

多发性硬化症（MS）是一种影响中枢神经系统的慢性神经退行性疾病，是年轻人非创伤性神经功能障碍的主要原因。诊断多发性硬化症具有挑战性，但对有效治疗患者至关重要。光学相干断层扫描（OCT）已成为一种非侵入性和有效的工具，用于分析视神经改变和评估MS中的神经变性，特别是通过视网膜神经纤维层（RNFL）和神经节细胞层（GCL）等层的厚度变化。在这项工作中，我们研究了使用所有视网膜层厚度变化作为MS检测的生物标志物的潜力。为了实现这一目标，我们提出了一个由MS分类模型和病理厚度可视化模型组成的全自动系统。首先，我们的系统采用全卷积神经网络分割视网膜层和脉络膜血管，并计算不同粒度下层厚度的提取。使用全局和局部层厚度作为MS分类模型的输入。采用遗传多目标算法进行有效的特征选择。同时，体素级层厚度作为可视化模型的输入，该模型生成二维概率图，其中突出显示病理区域。该地图有助于交互式3D重建，提供ms相关厚度变化的快速概述。在真实临床MS病例上的大量实验验证了该系统在实际临床应用中的巨大潜力，并展示了其在提高诊断精度和效率方面的功效。

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引用次数: 0

Neuro-biomechanical coupling in exoskeleton assisted walking for stroke patients demonstrates adaptive compensation 脑卒中患者外骨骼辅助行走的神经-生物力学耦合表现出适应性补偿

IF 6.6 2区医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2025.11.007

Yujia Gao, Jiayi Sun, Chenhao Li, Yufeng Lin, Zilin Wang, Chenghua Jiang, Wenxin Niu

Stroke-induced decoupling of neural control and biomechanics impairs walking. The mechanism by which exoskeleton modulates neuro-biomechanical coupling through mechanical support and assistance remains unclear. This study aims to reveal the coupling relationship between neural control and biomechanics in exoskeleton assisted walking for stroke patients through multimodal analysis. Sixteen stroke and sixteen healthy subjects participated, with kinematic, surface electromyography, and cerebral hemodynamic data collected in 4 exoskeleton assisted walking conditions. We analyzed spatiotemporal parameters, movement coordination, muscle synergy, cortical activation and functional connectivity, as well as lateralization and neural network parameters using hierarchical generalized additive mixed-effects model regression and distance correlation to explore the dynamic nonlinear effects of neuro-biomechanics and symmetry associations. Subjects after stroke showed disturbed movement coordination, simplified muscle synergy, and suppressed cortical activation. The exoskeleton activated ankle anti-phase coordination and partially restores muscle synergy, but led to reduced multi-joint coordination and increased gait speed asymmetry. Cortical activation and functional connectivity decreased for stroke subjects, and cognitively oriented lateralization as well as neural network integration efficiency were increased with exoskeleton intervention. Neuro-biomechanical coupling results indicated that subjects after stroke relied on centralized modulation of supplementary motor area activation to integrate motor planning and execution, and dynamic laterality fluctuation of premotor cortex reflected motor control rhythms by regulating movement variability. The exoskeleton reconfigured neuro-biomechanical coupling, prompting a shift from pathological compensatory discoordination toward motor planning-orientated adaptive control strategy, and providing a rationale for rehabilitation assistance targeting the adaptive reorganization of motor function.

中风引起的神经控制和生物力学的解耦损害行走。外骨骼通过机械支持和辅助调节神经-生物力学耦合的机制尚不清楚。本研究旨在通过多模态分析揭示脑卒中患者外骨骼辅助行走中神经控制与生物力学的耦合关系。16名中风受试者和16名健康受试者参与了研究，收集了4种外骨骼辅助行走条件下的运动学、表面肌电图和脑血流动力学数据。利用层次广义加性混合效应模型回归和距离相关分析时空参数、运动协调、肌肉协同、皮质激活和功能连通性，以及侧化和神经网络参数，探讨神经生物力学和对称关联的动态非线性效应。中风后的受试者表现为运动协调障碍，肌肉协同作用简化，皮质激活抑制。外骨骼激活踝关节反相协调，部分恢复肌肉协同，但导致多关节协调减少，步态速度不对称增加。脑卒中受试者的皮质激活和功能连通性下降，外骨骼干预提高了认知定向偏侧化和神经网络整合效率。神经-生物力学耦合结果表明，卒中后受试者依靠辅助运动区激活的集中调节来整合运动规划和执行，运动前皮层的动态横向波动通过调节运动变异性反映运动控制节律。外骨骼重新配置了神经-生物力学耦合，促使病理性代偿失调向运动计划导向的适应性控制策略转变，并为针对运动功能适应性重组的康复援助提供了理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Scapulohumeral rhythm preserves glenohumeral stability: Insights from a biomechanical simulation 肩胛骨节律保持肩关节稳定性：来自生物力学模拟的见解

IF 6.6 2区医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2025.11.002

Matej Daniel , Jan Votava , Júlia Bodnárová , Adam Kratochvíll , Zbyněk Šika , David Pokorný , Petr Fulín

The shoulder’s dynamic function is largely influenced by scapulohumeral rhythm (SHR), a coordinated movement of the scapula and humerus that facilitates a safe range of motion. While SHR has been described and quantified in terms of shoulder kinematics, its specific contribution to glenohumeral joint stability. This study aims to estimate the impact of SHR on glenohumeral stability using a biomechanical model. A five-segment musculoskeletal model based on the work of Wu et al. (2016) was implemented in OpenSim. Three SHR patterns and two loading scenarios were evaluated: a fixed scapula, a humeral-to-scapular motion ratio, and an experimentally measured SHR with free abduction or abduction while holding a 2 kg weight in the hand. Muscle forces and glenohumeral stability ratios were calculated using static optimization, and the model predictions were compared to electromyography and in vivo joint force data. While glenohumeral contact forces showed minimal variation across different SHR conditions, the stability ratio analysis revealed that the absence of SHR significantly increased the risk of joint instability. In scenarios without SHR, even small shoulder elevations resulted in overloading of the superior glenoid. The addition of weight further destabilized the joint, while substantially increasing glenohumeral force. SHR does not reduce the overall glenohumeral load but plays a critical role in maintaining glenohumeral stability, particularly during early phases of shoulder elevation and when holding additional weight. These findings highlight the importance of scapular kinematics in shoulder joint function and may have implications for managing shoulder pathologies such as rotator cuff tears and impingement, where scapular motion is often compromised.

肩胛骨和肱骨的协调运动促进了安全的活动范围，肩胛骨和肱骨的协调运动在很大程度上影响了肩胛骨和肱骨的动态功能。虽然SHR已经在肩关节运动学方面被描述和量化，但它对肩关节稳定性的具体贡献。本研究旨在利用生物力学模型估计SHR对肩关节稳定性的影响。基于Wu etal .（2016）的工作，在OpenSim中实现了一个五段肌肉骨骼模型。评估了三种SHR模式和两种加载情景：固定肩胛骨，肱骨与肩胛骨的运动比，以及实验测量的自由外展或手握2 kg重量时外展的SHR。采用静态优化计算肌肉力和肩关节稳定性比，并将模型预测结果与肌电图和体内关节力数据进行比较。虽然肩关节接触力在不同SHR条件下的变化很小，但稳定性比分析显示，没有SHR会显著增加关节不稳定的风险。在没有SHR的情况下，即使是很小的肩部抬高也会导致上肩关节超载。重量的增加进一步破坏了关节的稳定性，同时大大增加了肩关节的受力。SHR不能减少肩关节的整体负荷，但在维持肩关节稳定性方面起着关键作用，特别是在肩关节抬高的早期阶段和负重时。这些发现强调了肩胛骨运动在肩关节功能中的重要性，并可能对肩关节疾病的治疗有启示，如肩袖撕裂和撞击，肩胛骨运动经常受到损害。

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引用次数: 0

Modulation of brain-heart interaction by stimuli: Evidence from heartbeat evoked potential and bidirectional couple model 刺激对脑心相互作用的调节：来自心跳诱发电位和双向偶联模型的证据

IF 6.6 2区医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2026.01.007

Jie Wang , Liang Zhao , Xingwei An

External sensory stimuli play a critical role in modulating brain–heart interaction (BHI) and cognitive processes, yet their impact on the bidirectional nature of BHI remains poorly understood. Additionally, the association between heartbeat evoked potentials (HEP), a key metric in BHI research, and bidirectional BHI requires further validation. This study systematically investigated the effects of visual, auditory, and audiovisual stimuli on BHI, as well as the influence of the cardiac cycle on external stimulus processing, using an oddball paradigm combined with HEP analysis and synthetic data generation (SDG) modeling. Results revealed that auditory stimuli significantly enhanced late HEP amplitudes in the occipital region, while visual and audiovisual stimuli suppressed HEP responses, likely due to competition for neural resources during perceptual processing. Additionally, there was no significant difference in the P300 amplitude induced by non-target stimuli between systole and diastole, implying that the brain’s sensitivity to external stimuli may be largely unaffected by the phase of the cardiac cycle. The bidirectional BHI model further demonstrated increased heart-to-brain theta and alpha-band coupling under external stimuli, supporting the role of ascending cardiac signals in cognitive modulation. Moreover, this study introduced a novel HEP feature—heartbeat evoked intensity (HEI)—to quantify the brain’s response to cardiac signals by extracting the area under the HEP curve following the R-wave, serving as a relative index of heartbeat-related cortical activity across conditions. Strong correlations between HEI, heartbeat evoked oscillations (HEO), and heart-to-brain SDG coupling coefficients validated the bottom-up directionality of HEP. These findings highlight the differential effects of sensory modalities on BHI, advance our understanding of bidirectional brain–heart mechanisms, and provide new insights into the role of BHI in cognitive and clinical research.

外部感觉刺激在调节脑心相互作用（BHI）和认知过程中起着关键作用，但它们对BHI双向性质的影响尚不清楚。此外，心跳诱发电位（HEP）是BHI研究的一个关键指标，与双向BHI之间的关系需要进一步验证。本研究系统地研究了视觉、听觉和视听刺激对BHI的影响，以及心脏周期对外部刺激处理的影响，采用奇异范式结合HEP分析和合成数据生成（SDG）模型。结果表明，听觉刺激显著增强枕区HEP晚期振幅，而视觉和视听刺激抑制HEP反应，这可能是由于知觉加工过程中对神经资源的竞争。此外，收缩期和舒张期非靶刺激诱导的P300振幅没有显著差异，这意味着大脑对外部刺激的敏感性可能在很大程度上不受心周期阶段的影响。双向BHI模型进一步证明，在外部刺激下，心-脑θ和α波段耦合增加，支持心脏信号上升在认知调节中的作用。此外，本研究引入了一种新的HEP特征——心跳诱发强度（HEI）——通过提取r波后HEP曲线下的面积来量化大脑对心脏信号的反应，作为不同条件下心跳相关皮层活动的相对指标。HEI、心跳诱发振荡（HEO）和心脑SDG耦合系数之间的强相关性验证了HEP自下而上的方向性。这些发现强调了感觉方式对BHI的不同影响，促进了我们对脑-心双向机制的理解，并为BHI在认知和临床研究中的作用提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

A dynamic spectrum driven network for enhanced multimodal emotion recognition with EEG and ECG signals 基于脑电和心电信号的多模态情感识别的动态频谱驱动网络

IF 6.6 2区医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2026.01.002

Priyadarsini Samal, Mohammad Farukh Hashmi

For effective human–machine interaction, utilizing various physiological cues to recognize emotions is crucial. Using many physiological signals yields more accurate outcomes when recognizing human emotional states. This study introduces a new approach called DSDNet (Dynamic spectrum driven network) to emotion recognition using Electroencephalogram (EEG) and Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. The method involves a dynamic time frequency analysis technique that combines synchrosqueezed transform with short time fast fractional Fourier transform. The signals are divided into segments, and the corresponding time–frequency spectrograms from EEG and ECG signals are combined for additional assessment and the importance of these spectrogram features are visualized by using SHAP deep explainer. Subsequently, these spectrogram features are provided to a simple efficient convolutional neural network for classification. The proposed approach utilized the DREAMER and AMIGOS datasets for development and comparison with several high-performance algorithms. This approach surpassed the most notable results in the existing literature, with an accuracy of 98.6%, 98.9%, and 99.2% for the valence, arousal, and dominance categories respectively, when applied to the DREAMER dataset. Similarly, when applied to the AMIGOS dataset, it achieved accuracies of 98.8%, 99.5%, and 99.4% for all three categories. Therefore, the findings of this research indicate that by incorporating various physiological signals and modern approaches in the field of human–machine interaction, it is possible to greatly enhance the accuracy of emotion detection results.

为了有效的人机交互，利用各种生理线索来识别情绪是至关重要的。在识别人类情绪状态时，使用许多生理信号会产生更准确的结果。本研究引入了一种新的方法，称为DSDNet（动态频谱驱动网络），利用脑电图（EEG）和心电图（ECG）信号进行情绪识别。该方法采用同步压缩变换和短时快速分数阶傅里叶变换相结合的动态时频分析技术。将信号分割成多个片段，将EEG和ECG信号对应的时频谱图结合起来进行附加评估，并使用SHAP深度解释器将这些谱图特征的重要性可视化。然后，将这些谱图特征提供给一个简单高效的卷积神经网络进行分类。该方法利用dream和AMIGOS数据集进行开发，并与几种高性能算法进行比较。该方法超越了现有文献中最显著的结果，当应用于dream数据集时，效价、唤醒和优势类别的准确率分别为98.6%、98.9%和99.2%。同样，当应用于AMIGOS数据集时，它对所有三个类别的准确率分别为98.8%、99.5%和99.4%。因此，本研究结果表明，通过结合各种生理信号和人机交互领域的现代方法，可以大大提高情绪检测结果的准确性。

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引用次数: 0

Monitoring stroke volume continuously and autonomously using an epicardial accelerometer 使用心外膜加速度计连续自主监测脑卒中量

IF 6.6 2区医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2026.01.001

Vetle Christoffer Frostelid , Lars-Egil R. Hammersboen , Manuel Villegas-Martinez , Fred-Johan Pettersen , Ole Jakob Elle , Per Steinar Halvorsen , Espen W. Remme

The incorporation of miniaturised accelerometers into cardiac implants used in current clinical practice endows access to continuous measurement of heart wall motion and vibrations which may be used to monitor cardiac function without additional risk to patient safety. In this work the path length travelled throughout a heartbeat by an accelerometer attached to the lateral epicardium of the left ventricle is presented as a surrogate for stroke volume, a fundamental parameter of cardiac function. A strong correlation was found between path length and stroke volume in experimental animal data (n=13). Additionally, mathematical models for path length and stroke volume were derived using physiological and geometrical principles, and validated against a measured ground truth. Using the models, path length and stroke volume were both shown to respond similarly to changes in the size of the left ventricle and its contraction, further supporting and explaining the link between the two. The theoretical and empirical evidence presented therefore supports the use of epicardially attached accelerometers for continuous and autonomous monitoring of stroke volume, encouraging further development of epicardial motion sensors for the purpose of clinical or remote assessment of cardiac function.

在目前的临床实践中，将微型加速度计集成到心脏植入物中，可以连续测量心脏壁的运动和振动，这可以用来监测心脏功能，而不会对患者安全造成额外的风险。在这项工作中，通过附着在左心室外侧心外膜上的加速计，通过心跳传播的路径长度被提出作为卒中容量的替代品，卒中容量是心功能的基本参数。实验动物数据显示路径长度与脑卒中量之间存在很强的相关性（n=13）。此外，利用生理学和几何原理推导出路径长度和冲程体积的数学模型，并根据测量的真实情况进行验证。使用这些模型，路径长度和中风量都显示出对左心室大小及其收缩的变化有相似的反应，进一步支持和解释了两者之间的联系。因此，提出的理论和经验证据支持心外膜附着加速度计用于连续和自主监测脑卒中容量，鼓励进一步开发心外膜运动传感器，用于临床或远程心功能评估。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of non-Newtonian rheological models on pulsatile hemodynamics in patients-specific venous models of pulsatile tinnitus 非牛顿流变学模型对搏动性耳鸣患者特异性静脉模型搏动血流动力学的影响

IF 6.6 2区医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2025.10.002

Zhenxia Mu , Ben Liu , Yicheng Han , Lihui Zhuang , Xiaoyu Qiu , Heyu Ding , Shusheng Gong , Guopeng Wang , Bin Gao , Youjun Liu , Shifeng Yang , Zhenchang Wang , Pengfei Zhao , Ximing Wang

Hemodynamic factors play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of venous pulsatile tinnitus (PT). The selection of an appropriate blood viscosity model is therefore essential for accurately capturing hemodynamic characteristics in numerical simulations. This study aimed to investigate and compare the effects of different blood rheology models on hemodynamic parameters in patients with venous PT. Numerical simulation of pulsatile blood flow was conducted in three-dimensional patient-specific models with sigmoid sinuses wall dehiscence (SSWD) accompanied by sigmoid sinuses diverticulum (SSD) or transverse sinus stenosis. Different blood rheology models were employed in the simulations, including the Newtonian, Power law, Carreau, and Herschel-Bulkley models. Results demonstrated that unfavorable hemodynamics, characterized by high-velocity patterns and abnormal distributions of wall pressure, wall shear stress (WSS), and time-average WSS (TAWSS) in specific SSD and SSWD regions, could increase the risk of venous PT. Both Newtonian and non-Newtonian models predicted comparable distributions of hemodynamic parameters. However, differences in magnitude were observed, particularly in the SSD and SSWD regions. The Power law model exhibited the most pronounced differences, predicting the lowest velocity in the SSD region and the highest wall pressure, WSS, and TAWSS in the SSWD region. The Herschel-Bulkley model showed similar trends but with less extreme magnitudes. The Carreau model was closely aligned with the Newtonian model. Although the Newtonian model generally predicted hemodynamic parameter distributions comparable to those of non-Newtonian models, marked differences were observed in key regions (SSD and SSWD) critically involved in venous PT pathogenesis. Therefore, selecting an appropriate viscosity model is essential for accurately assessing hemodynamic characteristics within these specific regions.

血流动力学因素在静脉搏动性耳鸣的发病机制中起着至关重要的作用。因此，选择合适的血液粘度模型对于在数值模拟中准确捕获血流动力学特性至关重要。本研究旨在探讨和比较不同血液流变学模型对静脉PT患者血流动力学参数的影响，在乙状窦壁裂（SSWD）伴乙状窦憩室（SSD）或横窦狭窄的三维患者特异性模型中，对脉动血流进行数值模拟。在模拟中采用了不同的血液流变学模型，包括牛顿模型、幂律模型、careau模型和Herschel-Bulkley模型。结果表明，在特定的SSD和SSWD区域，以高速模式和壁压、壁剪切应力（WSS）和时间平均WSS （TAWSS）的异常分布为特征的不利血流动力学可增加静脉PT的风险。牛顿模型和非牛顿模型预测的血流动力学参数分布相似。然而，观察到的幅度差异，特别是在SSD和SSWD区域。幂律模型表现出最明显的差异，预测了SSD区域的最低速度，以及SSWD区域的最高壁压、WSS和TAWSS。Herschel-Bulkley模型显示了类似的趋势，但幅度没有那么极端。卡罗模型与牛顿模型非常接近。尽管牛顿模型预测的血流动力学参数分布与非牛顿模型一般相当，但在静脉PT发病的关键区域（SSD和SSWD）中观察到显著差异。因此，选择合适的粘度模型对于准确评估这些特定区域的血流动力学特性至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

A wireless, implantable, dual-channel phrenic nerve stimulator for diaphragm pacing using electromagnetic resonance coupling 一种无线、可植入、双通道膈神经刺激器，用于使用电磁共振耦合的膈神经起搏

IF 6.6 2区医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2025.08.007

Xiaoyu Gu , Wei Zhong , Yan Shi , Meng Xu , Zhaohui Tong , Yixuan Wang

Objectives

Implantable diaphragm pacing (DP) system can effectively restore patients’ breathing.

Conventional diaphragm pacemakers have some practical limitations, such as transmission stability and high price. This study proposes an innovative, wirelessly powered dual-channel and inexpensive DP system to overcome some of these constraints.

Methods

The system realizes wireless power supply based on electromagnetic resonance coupling to improve stability. It comprised an external controller, two off-body transmitters and two in-vivo rectifier-integrated receivers. PCB spiral coils are used for energy transmission in wireless systems to ensure system stability and convenient processing. Receiver encapsulated with biocompatible PDMS convert received power into electrical stimulation energy. Stimulation waveform, multi-media environment and animal experimental tests were conducted to validate system’s performance. Specific absorption rate (SAR) in human tissue was calculated to confirm safety of implantation.

Results

Electrical stimulation parameters of the proposed DP system can be precisely adjusted. The stimulation amplitude range is 3–12 V with 0.1 V step resolution. Pulse width and frequency are adjustable from 100-300 µs and 10–100 Hz respectively. The breathing cycle and inhalation time can also be set individually. Wireless energy transmission has wide transmission distance (＞14 mm), good anti-offset capability (horizontal offset＞8mm) and implantation safety (SAR＜1.6 W/kg). Further time series of stimulation signals issued by the two channels are synchronized. The developed system effectively realizes respiratory response of animals to bilateral phrenic nerve stimulation with 17 mm wireless energy transmission distance and implantation of two receivers in vivo.

Conclusion

Our work provides a new optimization scheme for the design of implantable diaphragm pacemaker.

目的植入式膈肌起搏（DP）系统能有效恢复患者的呼吸。传统的膜片起搏器在实际应用中存在传输不稳定、价格昂贵等局限性。本研究提出了一种创新的、无线供电的双通道和廉价的DP系统来克服这些限制。方法实现基于电磁谐振耦合的无线供电，提高系统的稳定性。它包括一个外部控制器，两个离体发射器和两个体内整流集成接收器。无线系统中的能量传输采用PCB螺旋线圈，保证了系统的稳定性和处理的便捷性。用生物相容性PDMS封装的接收器将接收的功率转换为电刺激能量。通过刺激波形、多媒体环境和动物实验验证了系统的性能。计算人体组织的比吸收率（SAR）以确认植入的安全性。结果所提出的DP系统的电刺激参数可精确调节。刺激幅度范围为3 ~ 12v，步进分辨率为0.1 V。脉冲宽度和频率分别在100-300µs和10-100 Hz范围内可调。呼吸周期和吸入时间也可以单独设置。无线能量传输具有传输距离宽（> 14mm）、抗偏移能力好（水平偏移>8mm）和植入安全性（SAR<1.6 W/kg）等优点。两个通道发出的刺激信号的进一步时间序列是同步的。该系统通过17毫米无线能量传输距离，在体内植入两个接收器，有效地实现了动物对双侧膈神经刺激的呼吸反应。结论本工作为植入式隔膜起搏器的优化设计提供了一种新的方案。

{"title":"A wireless, implantable, dual-channel phrenic nerve stimulator for diaphragm pacing using electromagnetic resonance coupling","authors":"Xiaoyu Gu , Wei Zhong , Yan Shi , Meng Xu , Zhaohui Tong , Yixuan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.bbe.2025.08.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbe.2025.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Implantable diaphragm pacing (DP) system can effectively restore patients’ breathing.</div><div>Conventional diaphragm pacemakers have some practical limitations, such as transmission stability and high price. This study proposes an innovative, wirelessly powered dual-channel and inexpensive DP system to overcome some of these constraints.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The system realizes wireless power supply based on electromagnetic resonance coupling to improve stability. It comprised an external controller, two off-body transmitters and two in-vivo rectifier-integrated receivers. PCB spiral coils are used for energy transmission in wireless systems to ensure system stability and convenient processing. Receiver encapsulated with biocompatible PDMS convert received power into electrical stimulation energy. Stimulation waveform, multi-media environment and animal experimental tests were conducted to validate system’s performance. Specific absorption rate (SAR) in human tissue was calculated to confirm safety of implantation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Electrical stimulation parameters of the proposed DP system can be precisely adjusted. The stimulation amplitude range is 3–12 V with 0.1 V step resolution. Pulse width and frequency are adjustable from 100-300 µs and 10–100 Hz respectively. The breathing cycle and inhalation time can also be set individually. Wireless energy transmission has wide transmission distance (＞14 mm), good anti-offset capability (horizontal offset＞8mm) and implantation safety (SAR＜1.6 W/kg). Further time series of stimulation signals issued by the two channels are synchronized. The developed system effectively realizes respiratory response of animals to bilateral phrenic nerve stimulation with 17 mm wireless energy transmission distance and implantation of two receivers in vivo.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our work provides a new optimization scheme for the design of implantable diaphragm pacemaker.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55381,"journal":{"name":"Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering","volume":"45 4","pages":"Pages 593-607"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144916952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interferometric speckle contrast optical spectroscopy (iSCOS) in continuous-wave parallel interferometric near-infrared spectroscopy (CW-πNIRS) 连续波平行干涉近红外光谱（CW-πNIRS）中的干涉散斑对比光谱（iSCOS）

IF 6.6 2区医学 Q1 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2025.11.001

Klaudia Nowacka-Pieszak , Saeed Samaei , Dawid Borycki

Optical methods enable continuous, noninvasive cerebral blood flow (CBF) monitoring. Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) estimates CBF through temporal correlation analysis of scattered light but is limited by low detection throughput. Parallelizing DCS enhances performance but requires costly ultra-fast (∼1 MHz) detectors, complicating continuous measurements. An alternative approach analyzes spatial correlations using speckle contrast, inversely proportional to blood flow, captured with slower two-dimensional sensors. In this study, we present continuous-wave parallel interferometric near-infrared spectroscopy (CW-πNIRS), employing interferometry combined with a high-speed 2D camera, as a novel method uniquely suited for spatial correlation measurements. By leveraging interferometric detection, our approach provides a synthetic multi-exposure capability for direct quantitative comparisons between spatial (speckle contrast) and temporal (autocorrelation) methods for CBF monitoring. Numerical simulations, incorporating interferometric reference fields, and tissue-mimicking phantom validations demonstrated robust, and stable speckle contrast estimates. Finally, in vivo experiments confirmed the method’s potential for effective human cerebral blood flow monitoring, highlighting practical advantages and providing a clear pathway towards clinical implementation.

光学方法可以实现连续的、无创的脑血流（CBF）监测。漫射相关光谱学（DCS）通过散射光的时间相关分析来估计CBF，但受低检测吞吐量的限制。并行DCS提高了性能，但需要昂贵的超高速（~ 1 MHz）检测器，使连续测量复杂化。另一种方法是使用散斑对比度分析空间相关性，与血流成反比，用较慢的二维传感器捕获。在这项研究中，我们提出了连续波平行干涉近红外光谱（CW-πNIRS），该方法采用干涉测量与高速二维相机相结合，是一种独特适用于空间相关测量的新方法。通过利用干涉检测，我们的方法为CBF监测的空间（散斑对比）和时间（自相关）方法之间的直接定量比较提供了综合的多曝光能力。结合干涉参考场的数值模拟和组织模拟幻象验证证明了鲁棒和稳定的散斑对比度估计。最后，体内实验证实了该方法有效监测人脑血流量的潜力，突出了实用性优势，为临床应用提供了明确的途径。

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引用次数: 0