Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Hemodynamic simulation for plantar arteries by anatomical structure based mathematical model","authors":"Lei Sun ,&nbsp;Xiang Geng ,&nbsp;Yichong Wang ,&nbsp;Daoyuan Wang ,&nbsp;Xin Ma ,&nbsp;Gangmin Ning","doi":"10.1016/j.bbe.2025.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbe.2025.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diabetic foot is a kind of common complications in diabetic patients, manifesting as ischemic lesions in plantar tissue. The plantar tissue ischemia can be estimated by the perfusion of plantar blood flow. Currently, it lacks effective methods to monitor and assess plantar blood flow perfusion in practice and detailed information is not available. This study intends to address this problem from the view of mathematical modelling. It aims to provide quantitative approach to investigate the risk of ischemia in diabetic foot by simulating the hemodynamic status along the plantar vascular network. A simplified topological structure map of the main plantar arteries was established considering the anatomical structure and physical data of each vessel. Aided by bond graph technology, a Poiseuille’s law based hemodynamic model of the plantar vessels was constructed. The model simulated the blood flow distribution in the feet of healthy individuals and diabetic patients. Compared with healthy individuals, diabetic patients show increased plantar blood pressure and decreased blood supply. The reduction in blood flow on the lateral side of the foot is greater than on the medial side in diabetic patients. The study marks the first application of vascular modeling in the plantar region, providing a quantitative method for investigating foot hemodynamics in diabetic patients and offering new potential for assessing the progression of diabetic foot and the risk of tissue ulceration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55381,"journal":{"name":"Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering","volume":"45 3","pages":"Pages 390-398"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144131213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can cerebral autoregulation be monitored with non-linear correlation indices? A proof-of-concept study","authors":"Karol Sawicki ,&nbsp;Arkadiusz Syta ,&nbsp;Pawel Dzienis ,&nbsp;Lukasz Tymiński ,&nbsp;Bartlomiej Ambrożkiewicz ,&nbsp;Andrzej Koszewnik ,&nbsp;Magdalena Maria Sawicka ,&nbsp;Tomasz Łysoń ,&nbsp;Zofia Czosnyka ,&nbsp;Marek Czosnyka","doi":"10.1016/j.bbe.2025.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbe.2025.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Cerebral autoregulation (CA) is the mechanism by which cerebral vessels self-regulate blood flow to maintain adequate brain perfusion. Although CA monitoring is recommended in neurocritical care as a means to improve therapy, there is currently no consensus on the most effective computational technique. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of measuring CA using recurrence quantification analysis (RQA)—a non-linear method for analysing complex systems—as an alternative to traditional, linear correlation-based indices.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective analysis was conducted on a database of head-injured patients treated in a neurocritical care unit who developed spontaneous intracranial pressure (ICP) elevations known as plateau waves. Signals from arterial blood pressure, ICP, and cerebral blood flow velocity were segmented into stable phases of elevated ICP (associated with CA deterioration) and the preceding baseline. Non-linear RQA correlations were calculated for both periods, and the results were statistically compared. For reference, well-established linear CA indices were assessed in the same manner.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The non-linear correlations followed a similar pattern to the linear CA indices and successfully differentiated the plateau wave phase with a comparable, high level of statistical significance (p &lt; 0.0001), while demonstrating higher values and reduced data dispersion.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Non-linear RQA correlation is feasible<!--> <!-->for CA assessment.<!--> <!-->To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first evaluation of RQA feasibility in CA research. In the pursuit of a reliable<!--> <!-->index suitable for widespread implementation in neurocritical care, a non-linear approach may offer a promising alternative to traditional linear correlation-based indices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55381,"journal":{"name":"Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering","volume":"45 3","pages":"Pages 485-495"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lumbar intervertebral disc biomechanics: Geometry and collagen fiber orientation configurations effects","authors":"Zhongwei Sun ,&nbsp;Jiabao Pan ,&nbsp;Weishi Liang ,&nbsp;Changwen Mi ,&nbsp;Peng Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.bbe.2025.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbe.2025.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a probabilistic biphasic-swelling parameterized finite element framework, with the aim of which is to systematically evaluate the impact of lumbar intervertebral disc (L-IVD) geometry and annulus fibrosus collagen fiber configuration on multi-axial biomechanical behavior. Thirty anatomical L-IVD geometric sets were sampled via Latin hypercube sampling of clinical anatomical variations. Three annulus fibrosus layer-wise fiber configurations were implemented: Constant <span><math><msup><mn>30</mn><mo>∘</mo></msup></math></span>, Circumferential variation (<span><math><mrow><msup><mn>25</mn><mo>∘</mo></msup><mo>−</mo><mo>−</mo><msup><mn>45</mn><mo>∘</mo></msup></mrow></math></span>), and Circumferential-radial variation (<span><math><mrow><msup><mn>23</mn><mo>∘</mo></msup><mo>−</mo><mo>−</mo><msup><mn>50</mn><mo>∘</mo></msup></mrow></math></span>). Consequently, the construction of three groups, comprising a total of ninety biphasic L-IVD finite element models, was undertaken. Five loading protocols were then simulated to reveal the critical dependencies of L-IVD biomechanical behavior. A statistical comparative analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of disc geometries and orientation strategies. The findings demonstrated that fiber orientation configuration exerts a substantial influence on swelling responses, compression stiffness, and flexion stiffness (<span><math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mo>.</mo><mn>050</mn></mrow></math></span>). Disc height exhibited strong inverse correlations with intradiscal pressure (<span><math><mrow><mi>r</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>0.80</mn></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mo>.</mo><mn>001</mn></mrow></math></span>) and compression stiffness (<span><math><mrow><mi>r</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>0.85</mn></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mo>.</mo><mn>001</mn></mrow></math></span>). Anterior-posterior length emerged as the primary predictor of sagittal stiffness (flexion: <span><math><mrow><mi>r</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>0.70</mn></mrow></math></span>; extension: <span><math><mrow><mi>r</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>0.75</mn></mrow></math></span>) and torsional resistance (<span><math><mrow><mi>r</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>0.50</mn></mrow></math></span>), linked to altered moment arm mechanics. The nucleus pulposus volume ratio moderately affected intradiscal pressure (<span><math><mrow><mi>r</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>0.30</mn></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mo>.</mo><mn>05</mn></mrow></math></span>) but showed negligible impact on segmental stiffness. This parametric modelling framework facilitates systematic investigation of L-IVD biomechanics across anatomical variations. Additionally, these findings advocate for microstructure-informed computational models to optimize personalized implant designs and biomechanical assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55381,"journal":{"name":"Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering","volume":"45 3","pages":"Pages 496-506"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Movement and force dynamics in bimanual cooperative tasks in chronic stroke and healthy individuals","authors":"J. Podobnik,&nbsp;M. Munih,&nbsp;M. Mihelj","doi":"10.1016/j.bbe.2025.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbe.2025.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stroke rehabilitation often involves the use of haptic robots to improve motor control and bimanual coordination. This study examines how damping affects movement and force dynamics in bimanual tasks performed by healthy participants and participants with chronic stroke using a haptic robotic system equipped with force sensors for each hand. Participants completed tasks at three damping levels: <span><math><mrow><mn>0</mn><mspace></mspace><mfrac><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>s</mi></mrow></mfrac></mrow></math></span> (no damping), <span><math><mrow><mn>20</mn><mspace></mspace><mfrac><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>s</mi></mrow></mfrac></mrow></math></span> (low damping), and <span><math><mrow><mn>40</mn><mspace></mspace><mfrac><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>s</mi></mrow></mfrac></mrow></math></span> (moderate damping). Key parameters for trajectory of movement, velocity, manipulation force, and internal force were analyzed to assess movement stability and control. The results revealed that damping <span><math><mrow><mn>20</mn><mspace></mspace><mfrac><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>s</mi></mrow></mfrac></mrow></math></span> effectively stabilized movements in persons with stroke, reducing velocity deviations and making their performance more comparable to healthy participants, without introducing excessive resistance. In contrast, damping <span><math><mrow><mn>40</mn><mspace></mspace><mfrac><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>s</mi></mrow></mfrac></mrow></math></span> acted as resistance training. Participants with stroke exhibited consistently higher internal forces than healthy participants, reflecting compensatory strategies and inefficient motor control. These findings demonstrate that low damping (<span><math><mrow><mn>20</mn><mspace></mspace><mfrac><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>s</mi></mrow></mfrac></mrow></math></span>) offers an optimal balance between movement stabilization and resistance, highlighting its potential as a rehabilitation strategy, while moderate damping (<span><math><mrow><mn>40</mn><mspace></mspace><mfrac><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>s</mi></mrow></mfrac></mrow></math></span>) may be reserved for resistance training.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55381,"journal":{"name":"Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering","volume":"45 3","pages":"Pages 476-484"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of familiarity and repetition on neural activity during visual face perception","authors":"Fatemeh Ghorbani,&nbsp;Andry Rakotonirainy,&nbsp;Mohammed Elhenawy","doi":"10.1016/j.bbe.2025.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbe.2025.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined the temporal dynamics of face perception using event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate how familiarity and repetition influence early and late stages of face processing. A generalised linear mixed-effects (GLME) model was employed to assess the amplitude and latency of the P100, N170, and N250 ERP components across three stimulus types (famous, non-famous, and scrambled faces), three repetition conditions (first presentation, immediate repeat, delayed repeat), and two brain hemispheres. The P100 component, associated with early visual processing, showed no significant modulation by stimulus familiarity or repetition, suggesting stable perceptual encoding across conditions. In contrast, N170 and N250 amplitudes were significantly affected by repetition, indicating enhanced neural responses during repeated exposure, particularly in the right hemisphere. Latency analyses revealed that N250 component was also sensitive to repetition timing, with delayed repetitions eliciting shorter response time, implying shifts in processing efficiency and memory engagement. Multivariate time-series decoding further demonstrated higher discriminability between scrambled and familiar faces compared to non-famous faces, particularly during first and delayed repeat conditions. Notably, decoding performance declined for immediate repeats, suggesting reduced neural differentiation during short-interval repetition. These findings provide new insights into how repetition and familiarity modulate the neural underpinnings of face perception, emphasizing the role of temporal dynamics and hemispheric specialization in face processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55381,"journal":{"name":"Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering","volume":"45 3","pages":"Pages 399-413"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence models for wound infection recognition and their comparison with human results","authors":"Piotr Foltynski ,&nbsp;Karolina Kruszewska ,&nbsp;Arkadiusz Krakowiecki ,&nbsp;Bozena Czarkowska-Paczek ,&nbsp;Piotr Ladyzynski","doi":"10.1016/j.bbe.2025.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbe.2025.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recognizing an infected wound based solely on a photograph can be a challenge and the aim of this work was to develop a machine learning model that would enable that. We selected 899 wound photographs taken at PODOS Wound Care Clinic (Warsaw, Poland). There were 445 photographs showing uninfected wounds, whereas 454 photographs showed infected wounds with positive microbiological test and antibiotic treatment. A test set was created by randomly selecting 82 photographs representing 42 uninfected and 40 infected wounds. From the remaining photographs, 154 were randomly selected for the validation set, and the remaining 663 formed the training set. Initially we used five pretrained YOLO models from generation 8 and five from generation 11. The 8th generation models performed better than 11th generation models and were then compared with the results of 6 experts and 6 nursing students. The post-hoc analysis revealed that AI models outperformed both specialists and students in terms of mean averaged precision (mAP), accuracy and F1 score, while the results of specialists and students did not differ significantly. For specialists, the medians of mAP, F1 score, and accuracy were 74.1 %, 76.4 %, and 74.4 %, respectively. For Students the medians were 68.4 %, 59.4 %, and 67.7 %, respectively; and for AI models the medians were 92.7 %, 92.9 %, and 92.7 %, respectively. The highest accuracy of 95.1 % of YOLOv8n model was significantly higher than the best specialist’s result of 84.1 %. These results suggest that artificial intelligence can significantly help caregivers recognize wound infection, so they can take appropriate action more quickly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55381,"journal":{"name":"Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering","volume":"45 3","pages":"Pages 572-579"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144860747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A potential approach to detecting of gastrointestinal slow waves based on optically pumped magnetometers array","authors":"Yixiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinlei He ,&nbsp;Haoyue Li ,&nbsp;Linke Zhang ,&nbsp;Bing Yan ,&nbsp;Yuming Peng ,&nbsp;Qinggang Ge ,&nbsp;Ming Ding ,&nbsp;Yuxin Leng","doi":"10.1016/j.bbe.2025.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbe.2025.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gastrointestinal slow wave (SW) can be used to evaluate human gastrointestinal function. Compared with electrogastrogram and electroenterogram, SW magnetic signals measurement can obtain higher-quality results. Optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) based on the spin exchange relaxation-free method have comparable weak magnetic detection capabilities to superconducting quantum interference devices, and does not require liquid helium. Therefore, this study developed a gastrointestinal SW signals measurement system using OPM sensors. Our system measured rat intestinal SW signals with a frequency of approximately 34.24 cpm, and simultaneously extracted human gastric SW signals of approximately 3 cpm and intestinal SW signals of 8–12 cpm for the first time. It was also observed that the postprandial gastrointestinal SW signals were significantly enhanced compared with the fasting state. The results exhibited consistent power and time–frequency characteristics with previous reports. In summary, the gastrointestinal SW signals measurement system based on OPM provides a new technical approach for detecting gastrointestinal SWs and diagnosing related diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55381,"journal":{"name":"Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering","volume":"45 3","pages":"Pages 549-559"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144810052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward the integration of mixed reality and brain-computer interfaces based on code-modulated visual evoked potentials","authors":"Selene Moreno-Calderón ,&nbsp;Víctor Martínez-Cagigal ,&nbsp;Ana Martín-Fernández ,&nbsp;Eduardo Santamaría-Vázquez ,&nbsp;Roberto Hornero","doi":"10.1016/j.bbe.2025.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbe.2025.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Background and objective</em>: Brain-computer interface (BCI) systems can assist individuals with severe motor disabilities by enabling communication through their brain signals using spellers, which allow selecting commands from a set of options. For this technology, accuracy, speed and user comfort are essential. Code-modulated visual evoked potentials (c-VEPs) have demonstrated promising performance in BCI control. Integrating BCI systems with mixed reality (MR) could provide portability and autonomy. However, to the best of our knowledge, no existing studies have explored the feasibility of combining MR with c-VEP-based BCIs. This study aims to: (1) evaluate the performance of integrating MR with c-VEP-based BCIs and (2) study the visual fatigue induced by c-VEPs compared to traditional screen. <em>Methods</em>: Twenty participants used a 36-character speller to select words in both MR and traditional screen conditions. Metrics like accuracy and information transfer rate (ITR) were measured. Usability and eyestrain were evaluated through questionnaires. <em>Results</em>: The integration of MR with c-VEPs achieved an accuracy of 96.71 % and an ITR of 27.55 bits/min, compared to 95.98 % accuracy and 27.10 bits/min for the conventional screen condition. The questionnaires revealed minimal levels of visual fatigue in both conditions and high usability. No significant differences were observed between conditions in terms of performance or visual fatigue. <em>Conclusions</em>: The c-VEP-based speller with MR-BCI technology proved feasible, achieving performance levels similar to the conventional setup, with high accuracy in both conditions. The study also found comparable visual fatigue between MR and traditional screens, supporting the practicality of MR integration in BCI systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55381,"journal":{"name":"Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering","volume":"45 3","pages":"Pages 528-538"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144713606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MRS thermometry – Importance of scanner-specific calibrations for accurate brain temperature estimations","authors":"Marcin Sińczuk ,&nbsp;Jacek Rogala ,&nbsp;Piotr Bogorodzki","doi":"10.1016/j.bbe.2025.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbe.2025.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the importance of scanner-specific calibration measurements for Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Thermometry (MRST) in human brain temperature estimations. Data acquisition was conducted on a 3-T GE scanner. Calibration constants for the water-chemical shift were obtained using a temperature-controlled phantom containing an aqueous solution of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), Creatine (Cr), and Choline (Cho), and data from three different research groups using the same metabolites. Temperatures were estimated utilizing correlation of water chemical shift with NAA, Cr and Cho. For data acquisition, commercially available single-voxel point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) sequences were used for calibrations and in vivo temperature estimations. Each sequence included spectras without (WU) and with (WS) water suppression. In vivo study consisted of two PRESS sequences, one before and one after extensive 30-minute fMRI task acquisition. Significant differences were found between absolute brain temperatures measured using scanner-specific calibrations and those from other researchers, varying from −0.68 °C to + 0.37 °C for NAA, −0.92 °C to 0.37 °C for Cr, and −0.78 °C to 0.7 °C for Cho. Each method reported a similar temperature decrease of −0.26 ∓ 0.03 °C between before and after fMRI measurements. These findings suggest that while absolute temperatures from non-scanner specific calibrations may be inaccurate, comparative estimates are valid.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55381,"journal":{"name":"Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering","volume":"45 3","pages":"Pages 451-456"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144489482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhythmic physical exercise as a protocol to study synchronization phenomenon","authors":"Judyta Sobiech,&nbsp;Teodor Buchner","doi":"10.1016/j.bbe.2025.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbe.2025.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The phenomenon of synchronization, which appears during the coupling of two or more oscillators, is often observed in nature and many fields of science. The case of several rhythms is particularly interesting, as the synchronizations may compete. In this work, we report the occurrence of the phase coupling between three biological rhythms: heart rate, respiration and locomotor rhythm. We analyzed its appearance during cycling on a stationary bike with stepwise increasing speed. Presence of synchronization was investigated using the synchrogram in order to detect phase-locking epochs.</div><div>Study group consisted of 21 young healthy volunteers (15 women and 6 men). Specific subgroups were also defined.</div><div>During exercise synchronization between all rhythms appeared in all subjects. Cardiolocomotor synchronization occurred significantly more often, which underlines the role of cardiac entrainment to phasic baroreflex input. In cardiolocomotor synchronization we observed a direct phase coupling (1:1) lasting at least 20 s. It occurred in 76 % of subjects, which manifests a dominant role of this type of synchronization. Additionally, we observed subjects, in whom epochs of simultaneous synchronization of all rhythms appeared.</div><div>Total duration of synchronization was significantly larger in men than in women and in less experienced cyclists. No significant difference in age or BMI was observed, however the group was relatively uniform. During the post-exercise epoch, cardiorespiratory synchronization appeared in nine subjects. Due to its frequent occurence, synchronization is a good candidate for an objective estimator of physical stress, applicable in diagnostic, therapeutical and lifestyle scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55381,"journal":{"name":"Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering","volume":"45 3","pages":"Pages 380-389"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}