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Neural correlates for word-frequency effect in Chinese natural reading. 中文自然阅读中词频效应的神经相关性。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02894-7
Xiaolin Mei, Shuyuan Chen, Xinyi Xia, Bo Yang, Yanping Liu

Word frequency effect has always been of interest for reading research because of its critical role in exploring mental processing underlying reading behaviors. Access to word frequency information has long been considered an indicator of the beginning of lexical processing and the most sensitive marker for studying when the brain begins to extract semantic information Sereno & Rayner, Brain and Cognition, 42, 78-81, (2000), Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7, 489-493, (2003). While the word frequency effect has been extensively studied in numerous eye-tracking and traditional EEG research using the RSVP paradigm, there is a lack of corresponding evidence in studies of natural reading. To find the neural correlates of the word frequency effect, we conducted a study of Chinese natural reading using EEG and eye-tracking coregistration to examine the time course of lexical processing. Our results reliably showed that the word frequency effect first appeared in the N200 time window and the bilateral occipitotemporal regions. Additionally, the word frequency effect was reflected in the N400 time window, spreading from the occipital region to the central parietal and frontal regions. Our current study provides the first neural correlates for word-frequency effect in natural Chinese reading so far, shedding new light on understanding lexical processing in natural reading and could serve as an important basis for further reading study when considering neural correlates in a realistic manner.

词频效应一直是阅读研究的兴趣所在,因为它在探索阅读行为背后的心理加工过程中起着至关重要的作用。词频信息的获取一直被认为是词汇加工开始的指标,也是研究大脑何时开始提取语义信息的最敏感标记 Sereno & Rayner, Brain and Cognition, 42, 78-81, (2000), Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7, 489-493, (2003)。虽然词频效应已在大量眼动跟踪和使用 RSVP 范式的传统脑电图研究中得到广泛研究,但在自然阅读研究中却缺乏相应的证据。为了找到词频效应的神经相关因素,我们利用脑电图和眼动追踪核心定位技术对中文自然阅读进行了研究,以考察词汇加工的时间过程。我们的结果可靠地表明,词频效应首先出现在 N200 时间窗和双侧枕颞区。此外,词频效应还反映在 N400 时间窗中,并从枕叶区扩散到中央顶叶区和额叶区。我们目前的研究首次提供了汉语自然阅读中词频效应的神经相关性,为理解自然阅读中的词汇加工提供了新的启示,并可作为进一步阅读研究中考虑神经相关性的重要依据。
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引用次数: 0
Invariant contexts reduce response time variability in visual search in an age-specific way: A comparison of children, teenagers, and adults 不变情境以特定年龄的方式减少视觉搜索中的反应时间变异:儿童、青少年和成年人的比较。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02926-2
Chengyu Fan, Artyom Zinchenko, Lihan Chen, Jiao Wu, Yeke Qian, Xuelian Zang

Contextual cueing is a phenomenon in which repeatedly encountered arrays of items can enhance the visual search for a target item. This is widely attributed to attentional guidance driven by contextual memory acquired during visual search. Some studies suggest that children may have an immature ability to use contextual cues compared to adults, while others argue that contextual learning capacity is similar across ages. To test the development of context-guided attention, this study compared contextual cueing effects among three age groups: adults (aged 18–33 years, N = 32), teenagers (aged 15–17 years, N = 41), and younger children (aged 8–9 years, N = 43). Moreover, this study introduced a measure of response time variability that tracks fluctuations in response time throughout the experiment, in addition to the conventional analysis of response times. The results showed that all age groups demonstrated significantly faster responses in repeated than non-repeated search contexts. Notably, adults and teenagers exhibited smaller response time variability in repeated contexts than in non-repeated ones, while younger children did not. This implies that children are less efficient at consolidating contextual information into a stable memory representation, which may lead to less stable attentional guidance during visual search.

情境提示是一种现象,在这种现象中,重复出现的物品阵列可以增强对目标物品的视觉搜索。人们普遍认为,这是由于在视觉搜索过程中获得的情境记忆驱动了注意引导。一些研究表明,与成人相比,儿童使用情境线索的能力可能还不成熟,而另一些研究则认为,情境学习能力在不同年龄段是相似的。为了测试情境引导注意力的发展,本研究比较了三个年龄组的情境提示效果:成人(18-33 岁,32 人)、青少年(15-17 岁,41 人)和低龄儿童(8-9 岁,43 人)。此外,除了常规的反应时间分析外,本研究还引入了反应时间变异性测量,以跟踪整个实验过程中反应时间的波动。结果显示,所有年龄组在重复搜索情境中的反应速度都明显快于非重复搜索情境。值得注意的是,成人和青少年在重复情境中的反应时间波动小于非重复情境,而年龄较小的儿童则不然。这意味着,儿童将情境信息巩固为稳定记忆表征的效率较低,这可能会导致他们在视觉搜索过程中的注意力引导不够稳定。
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引用次数: 0
Other ethnicity effects in ensemble coding of facial expressions 面部表情集合编码中的其他种族效应。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02920-8
Zhenhua Zhao, Kelun Yaoma, Yujie Wu, Edwin Burns, Mengdan Sun, Haojiang Ying

Cultural difference in ensemble emotion perception is an important research question, providing insights into the complexity of human cognition and social interaction. Here, we conducted two experiments to investigate how emotion perception would be affected by other ethnicity effects and ensemble coding. In Experiment 1, two groups of Asian and Caucasian participants were tasked with assessing the average emotion of faces from their ethnic group, other ethnic group, and mixed ethnicity groups. Results revealed that participants exhibited relatively accurate yet amplified emotion perception of their group faces, with a tendency to overestimate the weight of the faces from the other ethnic group. In Experiment 2, Asian participants were instructed to discern the emotion of a target face surrounded by faces from Caucasian and Asian faces. Results corroborated earlier findings, indicating that while participants accurately perceived emotions in faces of their ethnicity, their perception of Caucasian faces was noticeably influenced by the presence of surrounding Asian faces. These findings collectively support the notion that the other ethnicity effect stems from differential emotional amplification inherent in ensemble coding of emotion perception.

合集情绪感知中的文化差异是一个重要的研究问题,它有助于深入了解人类认知和社会互动的复杂性。在此,我们进行了两项实验来研究其他种族效应和集合编码会如何影响情绪感知。在实验 1 中,两组亚裔和高加索裔参与者分别负责评估本民族、其他民族和混合民族面孔的平均情绪。结果显示,参与者对本民族面孔的情绪感知相对准确,但却有所放大,而对其他民族面孔的情绪感知则倾向于高估。在实验 2 中,亚裔被试被要求辨别被白种人和亚裔面孔包围的目标面孔的情绪。实验结果证实了之前的研究结果,表明虽然参与者能准确感知本民族面孔的情绪,但他们对高加索人面孔的感知明显受到周围亚裔面孔的影响。这些发现共同支持了这样一种观点,即他族效应源于情绪感知的集合编码中固有的不同情绪放大。
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引用次数: 0
Non-symbolic estimation of big and small ratios with accurate and noisy feedback 利用准确的噪声反馈对大比率和小比率进行非符号估算。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02914-6
Nicola J. Morton, Matt Grice, Simon Kemp, Randolph C. Grace

The ratio of two magnitudes can take one of two values depending on the order they are operated on: a ‘big’ ratio of the larger to smaller magnitude, or a ‘small’ ratio of the smaller to larger. Although big and small ratio scales have different metric properties and carry divergent predictions for perceptual comparison tasks, no psychophysical studies have directly compared them. Two experiments are reported in which subjects implicitly learned to compare pairs of brightnesses and line lengths by non-symbolic feedback based on the scaled big ratio, small ratio or difference of the magnitudes presented. Results of Experiment 1 showed all three operations were learned quickly and estimated with a high degree of accuracy that did not significantly differ across groups or between intensive and extensive modalities, though regressions on individual data suggested an overall predisposition towards differences. Experiment 2 tested whether subjects learned to estimate the operation trained or to associate stimulus pairs with correct responses. For each operation, Gaussian noise was added to the feedback that was constant for repetitions of each pair. For all subjects, coefficients for the added noise component were negative when entered in a regression model alongside the trained differences or ratios, and were statistically significant in 80% of individual cases. Thus, subjects learned to estimate the comparative operations and effectively ignored or suppressed the added noise. These results suggest the perceptual system is highly flexible in its capacity for non-symbolic computation, which may reflect a deeper connection between perceptual structure and mathematics.

两个量级的比值可以有两种,取决于它们的操作顺序:较大量级与较小量级的 "大 "比值,或较小量级与较大量级的 "小 "比值。尽管大比例尺度和小比例尺度具有不同的度量特性,并且在知觉比较任务中具有不同的预测结果,但还没有心理物理研究对它们进行过直接比较。本文报告了两个实验,在这两个实验中,受试者通过非符号反馈,根据呈现的大小比、小比或差的比例,潜移默化地学会了比较一对亮度和线的长度。实验 1 的结果表明,受试者很快就学会了所有这三种操作,而且估算的准确度很高,不同组别之间、密集模式和广泛模式之间没有显著差异,但对个体数据的回归表明,总体上存在差异倾向。实验 2 测试了受试者是学会了估计训练过的操作,还是学会了将刺激对与正确反应联系起来。对于每种操作,反馈中都添加了高斯噪声,这种噪声在每对刺激的重复中都是恒定的。对所有被试来说,如果将添加的噪声成分与训练过的差异或比率一起输入回归模型,其系数都是负的,并且在 80% 的个别情况下具有统计学意义。因此,受试者学会了估计比较操作,并有效地忽略或抑制了附加噪声。这些结果表明,知觉系统具有高度灵活的非符号计算能力,这可能反映了知觉结构与数学之间更深层次的联系。
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引用次数: 0
Endogenous attention enhances contrast appearance regardless of stimulus contrast 无论刺激物的对比度如何,内源性注意力都会增强对比度的外观。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02929-z
Zi-Xi Luo, Wang-Nan Pan, Xiang-Jun Zeng, Liang-Yu Gong, Yong-Chun Cai

There has been enduring debate on how attention alters contrast appearance. Recent research indicates that exogenous attention enhances contrast appearance for low-contrast stimuli but attenuates it for high-contrast stimuli. Similarly, one study has demonstrated that endogenous attention heightens perceived contrast for low-contrast stimuli, yet none have explored its impact on high-contrast stimuli. In this study, we investigated how endogenous attention alters contrast appearance, with a specific focus on high-contrast stimuli. In Experiment 1, we utilized the rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) paradigm to direct endogenous attention, revealing that contrast appearance was enhanced for both low- and high-contrast stimuli. To eliminate potential influences from the confined attention field in the RSVP paradigm, Experiment 2 adopted the letter identification paradigm, deploying attention across a broader visual field. Results consistently indicated that endogenous attention increased perceived contrast for high-contrast stimuli. Experiment 3 employed equiluminant chromatic letters as stimuli in the letter identification task to eliminate potential interference from contrast adaption, which might have occurred in Experiment 2. Remarkably, the boosting effect of endogenous attention persisted. Combining the results from these experiments, we propose that endogenous attention consistently enhances contrast appearance, irrespective of stimulus contrast levels. This stands in contrast to the effects of exogenous attention, suggesting that mechanisms through which endogenous attention alters contrast appearance may differ from those of exogenous attention.

关于注意力如何改变对比度外观的争论由来已久。最近的研究表明,外源性注意会增强低对比度刺激物的对比度外观,但会减弱高对比度刺激物的对比度外观。同样,一项研究表明,内源性注意会增强低对比度刺激物的感知对比度,但没有任何研究探讨过内源性注意对高对比度刺激物的影响。在本研究中,我们研究了内源性注意如何改变对比度外观,并特别关注高对比度刺激。在实验 1 中,我们使用了快速序列视觉呈现(RSVP)范式来引导内源性注意,结果发现低对比度和高对比度刺激物的对比度外观都会增强。为了消除 RSVP 范式中有限注意区域的潜在影响,实验 2 采用了字母识别范式,在更广阔的视野中部署注意。结果一致表明,内源性注意增加了对高对比度刺激的感知对比度。实验 3 在字母识别任务中使用了等亮度的色度字母作为刺激物,以消除实验 2 中可能出现的对比度适应的潜在干扰。值得注意的是,内源性注意的增强效应依然存在。综合这些实验的结果,我们认为无论刺激物的对比度水平如何,内源性注意都会持续增强对比度的出现。这与外源性注意的效果形成鲜明对比,表明内源性注意改变对比度外观的机制可能与外源性注意不同。
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引用次数: 0
ATLAS: Mapping ATtention’s Location And Size to probe five modes of serial and parallel search ATLAS:映射注意力的位置和大小,探索串行和并行搜索的五种模式。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02921-7
Gregory Davis

Conventional visual search tasks do not address attention directly and their core manipulation of ‘set size’ – the number of displayed items – introduces stimulus confounds that hinder interpretation. However, alternative approaches have not been widely adopted, perhaps reflecting their complexity, assumptions, or indirect attention-sampling. Here, a new procedure, the ATtention Location And Size (‘ATLAS’) task used probe displays to track attention’s location, breadth, and guidance during search. Though most probe displays comprised six items, participants reported only the single item they judged themselves to have perceived most clearly – indexing the attention ‘peak’. By sampling peaks across variable ‘choice sets’, the size and position of the attention window during search was profiled. These indices appeared to distinguish narrow- from broad attention, signalled attention to pairs of items where it arose and tracked evolving attention-guidance over time. ATLAS is designed to discriminate five key search modes: serial-unguided, sequential-guided, unguided attention to ‘clumps’ with local guidance, and broad parallel-attention with or without guidance. This initial investigation used only an example set of highly regular stimuli, but its broader potential should be investigated.

传统的视觉搜索任务并不直接针对注意力,其核心操作 "集合大小"--显示项目的数量--会带来刺激混淆,从而妨碍解释。然而,替代方法并没有被广泛采用,这或许反映了它们的复杂性、假设或间接注意取样。在这里,一种新的程序--"注意位置和大小"(ATLAS)任务使用探针显示来跟踪搜索过程中的注意位置、广度和引导。虽然大多数探针显示由六个项目组成,但参与者只报告他们认为自己感知最清晰的单个项目--即注意力 "峰值"。通过对不同 "选择集 "中的峰值进行取样,可以分析出搜索过程中注意力窗口的大小和位置。这些指数似乎可以区分狭义注意和广义注意,对出现注意的项目对发出信号,并跟踪随时间演变的注意引导。ATLAS 设计用于区分五种关键的搜索模式:无引导的连续搜索、有引导的连续搜索、有局部引导的对 "团块 "的无引导注意,以及有或无引导的广泛平行注意。这项初步研究仅使用了一组高度规则的刺激物,但其更广泛的潜力仍有待研究。
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引用次数: 0
Distractor similarity and category variability effects in search 搜索中的干扰物相似性和类别变异效应
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02924-4
Arryn Robbins, Anatolii Evdokimov

Categorical search involves looking for objects based on category information from long-term memory. Previous research has shown that search efficiency in categorical search is influenced by target/distractor similarity and category variability (i.e., heterogeneity). However, the interaction between these factors and their impact on different subprocesses of search remains unclear. This study examined the effects of target/distractor similarity and category variability on processes of categorical search. Using multidimensional scaling, we manipulated target/distractor similarity and measured category variability for target categories that participants searched for. Eye-tracking data were collected to examine attentional guidance and target verification. The results demonstrated that the effect of category variability on response times (RTs) was dependent on the level of target/distractor similarity. Specifically, when distractors were highly similar to target categories, there was a negative relation between RTs and variability, with low variability categories producing longer RTs than higher variability categories. Surprisingly, this trend was only present in the eye-tracking measures of target verification but not attentional guidance. Our results suggest that searchers more effectively guide attention to low-variability categories compared to high-variability categories, regardless of the degree of similarity between targets and distractors. However, low category variability interferes with target match decisions when distractors are highly similar to the category, thus the advantage that low category variability provides to searchers is not equal across processes of search.

分类搜索是指根据长期记忆中的类别信息来寻找目标。以往的研究表明,分类搜索的搜索效率受目标/偏离者相似性和类别可变性(即异质性)的影响。然而,这些因素之间的相互作用及其对搜索不同子过程的影响仍不清楚。本研究考察了目标物/分隔物相似性和类别变异性对分类搜索过程的影响。我们使用多维标度来操纵目标/分隔符相似性,并测量参与者搜索的目标类别的类别变异性。我们还收集了眼动跟踪数据,以检查注意力引导和目标验证。结果表明,类别变异性对反应时间(RTs)的影响取决于目标/分散注意力者的相似程度。具体来说,当分心者与目标类别高度相似时,反应时间与变异性之间呈负相关,变异性低的类别比变异性高的类别产生更长的反应时间。令人惊讶的是,这种趋势只出现在目标验证的眼动跟踪测量中,而不出现在注意引导的眼动跟踪测量中。我们的结果表明,与高变异性类别相比,无论目标和干扰物之间的相似程度如何,搜索者都能更有效地将注意力引导到低变异性类别上。然而,当分心物与目标类别高度相似时,低类别可变性会干扰目标匹配决策,因此低类别可变性为搜索者提供的优势在不同的搜索过程中并不相同。
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引用次数: 0
Activation thresholds, not quitting thresholds, account for the low prevalence effect in dynamic search. 激活阈值,而非退出阈值,是动态搜索中低流行率效应的原因。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02919-1
Mark W Becker, Andrew Rodriguez, Jeffrey Bolkhovsky, Chad Peltier, Sylvia B Guillory

The low-prevalence effect (LPE) is the finding that target detection rates decline as targets become less frequent in a visual search task. A major source of this effect is thought to be that fewer targets result in lower quitting thresholds, i.e., observers respond target-absent after looking at fewer items compared to searches with a higher prevalence of targets. However, a lower quitting threshold does not directly account for an LPE in searches where observers continuously monitor a dynamic display for targets. In these tasks there are no discrete "trials" to which a quitting threshold could be applied. This study examines whether the LPE persists in this type of dynamic search context. Experiment 1 was a 2 (dynamic/static) x 2 (10%/40% prevalence targets) design. Although overall performance was worse in the dynamic task, both tasks showed a similar magnitude LPE. In Experiment 2, we replicated this effect using a task where subjects searched for either of two targets (Ts and Ls). One target appeared infrequently (10%) and the other moderately (40%). Given this method of manipulating prevalence rate, the quitting threshold explanation does not account for the LPE even for static displays. However, replicating Experiment 1, we found an LPE of similar magnitude for both search scenarios, and lower target detection rates with the dynamic displays, demonstrating the LPE is a potential concern for both static and dynamic searches. These findings suggest an activation threshold explanation of the LPE may better account for our observations than the traditional quitting threshold model.

低流行率效应(LPE)是指在视觉搜索任务中,目标出现的频率越低,目标检测率就越低。这种效应的一个主要原因被认为是目标越少,退出阈值就越低,也就是说,与目标较多的搜索相比,观察者在看了较少的项目后就会做出目标不存在的反应。然而,在观察者持续监控动态显示目标的搜索中,较低的退出阈值并不能直接解释 LPE。在这些任务中,并不存在可以应用退出阈值的离散 "试验"。本研究将探讨在这类动态搜索情境中,LPE 是否会持续存在。实验 1 采用了 2(动态/静态)x 2(10%/40% 目标)设计。虽然动态任务的总体成绩较差,但两项任务都显示出了相似程度的 LPE。在实验 2 中,我们使用受试者从两个目标(Ts 和 Ls)中任选一个进行搜索的任务复制了这一效果。其中一个目标出现的频率较低(10%),而另一个目标出现的频率较高(40%)。考虑到这种操纵出现率的方法,即使在静态显示中,戒断阈值的解释也无法解释 LPE。然而,在重复实验 1 时,我们发现两种搜索情况下的 LPE 大小相似,而动态显示的目标检测率较低,这表明 LPE 是静态和动态搜索的潜在问题。这些发现表明,对 LPE 的激活阈值解释可能比传统的戒断阈值模型更能解释我们的观察结果。
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引用次数: 0
Combining EEG and eye-tracking in virtual reality: Obtaining fixation-onset event-related potentials and event-related spectral perturbations. 在虚拟现实中结合脑电图和眼动追踪:获取定点启动事件相关电位和事件相关频谱扰动。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02917-3
Debora Nolte, Marc Vidal De Palol, Ashima Keshava, John Madrid-Carvajal, Anna L Gert, Eva-Marie von Butler, Pelin Kömürlüoğlu, Peter König

Extensive research conducted in controlled laboratory settings has prompted an inquiry into how results can be generalized to real-world situations influenced by the subjects' actions. Virtual reality lends itself ideally to investigating complex situations but requires accurate classification of eye movements, especially when combining it with time-sensitive data such as EEG. We recorded eye-tracking data in virtual reality and classified it into gazes and saccades using a velocity-based classification algorithm, and we cut the continuous data into smaller segments to deal with varying noise levels, as introduced in the REMoDNav algorithm. Furthermore, we corrected for participants' translational movement in virtual reality. Various measures, including visual inspection, event durations, and the velocity and dispersion distributions before and after gaze onset, indicate that we can accurately classify the continuous, free-exploration data. Combining the classified eye-tracking with the EEG data, we generated fixation-onset event-related potentials (ERPs) and event-related spectral perturbations (ERSPs), providing further evidence for the quality of the eye-movement classification and timing of the onset of events. Finally, investigating the correlation between single trials and the average ERP and ERSP identified that fixation-onset ERSPs are less time sensitive, require fewer repetitions of the same behavior, and are potentially better suited to study EEG signatures in naturalistic settings. We modified, designed, and tested an algorithm that allows the combination of EEG and eye-tracking data recorded in virtual reality.

在受控实验室环境中进行的大量研究促使人们探究如何将研究结果推广到受实验对象行动影响的真实世界环境中。虚拟现实非常适合研究复杂情况,但需要对眼球运动进行准确分类,尤其是在与脑电图等时间敏感数据相结合时。我们记录了虚拟现实中的眼动跟踪数据,并使用基于速度的分类算法将其分为注视和眼球转动,我们还将连续数据切割成较小的片段,以处理 REMoDNav 算法中引入的不同噪音水平。此外,我们还对参与者在虚拟现实中的平移运动进行了校正。包括视觉检查、事件持续时间、凝视开始前后的速度和分散分布在内的各种测量结果表明,我们可以对连续的自由探索数据进行准确分类。将分类后的眼动追踪与脑电图数据相结合,我们生成了定点起始事件相关电位(ERP)和事件相关频谱扰动(ERSP),为眼动分类的质量和事件起始时间提供了进一步的证据。最后,通过调查单次试验与平均 ERP 和 ERSP 之间的相关性,我们发现定点启动的 ERSP 对时间的敏感性较低,对相同行为的重复次数较少,可能更适合在自然环境中研究脑电图特征。我们修改、设计并测试了一种算法,可将虚拟现实中记录的脑电图和眼动跟踪数据结合起来。
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引用次数: 0
Neural mechanism underlying preview effects and masked priming effects in visual word processing. 视觉文字处理中预览效应和掩蔽引物效应的神经机制。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02904-8
Xin Huang, Brian W L Wong, Hezul Tin-Yan Ng, Werner Sommer, Olaf Dimigen, Urs Maurer

Two classic experimental paradigms - masked repetition priming and the boundary paradigm - have played a pivotal role in understanding the process of visual word recognition. Traditionally, these paradigms have been employed by different communities of researchers, with their own long-standing research traditions. Nevertheless, a review of the literature suggests that the brain-electric correlates of word processing established with both paradigms may show interesting similarities, in particular with regard to the location, timing, and direction of N1 and N250 effects. However, as of yet, no direct comparison has been undertaken between the two paradigms. In the current study, we used combined eye-tracking/EEG to perform such a within-subject comparison using the same materials (single Chinese characters) as stimuli. To facilitate direct comparisons, we used a simplified version of the boundary paradigm - the single word boundary paradigm. Our results show the typical early repetition effects of N1 and N250 for both paradigms. However, repetition effects in N250 (i.e., a reduced negativity following identical-word primes/previews as compared to different-word primes/previews) were larger with the single word boundary paradigm than with masked priming. For N1 effects, repetition effects were similar across the two paradigms, showing a larger N1 after repetitions as compared to alternations. Therefore, the results indicate that at the neural level, a briefly presented and masked foveal prime produces qualitatively similar facilitatory effects on visual word recognition as a parafoveal preview before a single saccade, although such effects appear to be stronger in the latter case.

两个经典的实验范式--遮蔽重复引物和边界范式--在理解视觉单词识别过程中发挥了举足轻重的作用。传统上,这些范式被不同的研究群体所采用,它们各自有着悠久的研究传统。尽管如此,文献综述表明,这两种范式所建立的文字处理脑电相关性可能显示出有趣的相似性,尤其是在 N1 和 N250 效应的位置、时间和方向方面。然而,迄今为止,还没有人对这两种范式进行过直接比较。在本研究中,我们使用眼动追踪/EEG相结合的方法,以相同的材料(单个汉字)作为刺激物,进行受试内比较。为了便于直接比较,我们使用了简化版的边界范式--单字边界范式。我们的结果显示,两种范式的 N1 和 N250 都具有典型的早期重复效应。然而,与掩蔽引物相比,单词边界范式的 N250 重复效应(即与不同单词引物相比,相同单词引物/回顾后的负性降低)更大。在 N1 效应方面,两种范式的重复效应相似,重复后的 N1 比交替后的大。因此,研究结果表明,在神经水平上,短暂呈现和遮蔽的眼窝引物对视觉单词识别产生的促进作用与单次囊回之前的眼窝旁预览产生的促进作用在本质上是相似的,尽管后者的这种作用似乎更强。
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引用次数: 0
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Attention Perception & Psychophysics
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