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Anisotropies related to representational gravity. 与表象引力有关的各向异性。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02962-y
Timothy L Hubbard, Susan E Ruppel

Four experiments examined whether representational gravity, in which memory for the location of a previously-viewed target is displaced in the direction of implied gravitational attraction, occurs uniformly across a target. Participants viewed stationary, vertically-moving, or horizontally-moving targets of different sizes and at different heights within the picture plane. After a target vanished, participants indicated the remembered location of the top edge or bottom edge of that target. Significant anisotropies were found, as the remembered location of the top edge was displaced downward, whereas the remembered location of the bottom edge was not displaced or was displaced upward. Anisotropies along the vertical axis were not influenced by whether participants knew prior to target presentation which edge to remember or by whether targets were stationary or moved vertically, although there was a trend for anisotropies along the vertical axis to be reduced when targets moved horizontally. Larger targets and targets higher in the picture plane resulted in larger displacement when targets were stationary, although effects of size and height were diminished when targets were moving. If the top edge and bottom edge of a target are considered analogous to the trailing edge and leading edge of a moving target, respectively, then anisotropies related to representational gravity are similar to anisotropies previously reported for representational momentum for horizontally-moving targets (as direction of implied gravitational attraction is downward). The existence of such anisotropies has implications for the representation of space and for the localization of and interaction with stimuli in the environment.

四项实验研究了表象重力(即对先前观看过的目标位置的记忆向隐含重力吸引的方向移动)是否会均匀地发生在整个目标上。参与者观看的是静止的、垂直移动的或水平移动的目标,这些目标在图像平面内的大小和高度各不相同。目标消失后,受试者指出该目标上边缘或下边缘的记忆位置。结果发现了明显的各向异性,因为顶边的记忆位置向下偏移,而底边的记忆位置没有偏移或向上偏移。纵轴的各向异性不受参与者是否在目标呈现之前就知道要记住哪条边缘的影响,也不受目标是静止还是垂直移动的影响,不过当目标水平移动时,纵轴的各向异性有降低的趋势。当目标静止时,较大的目标和图片平面上较高的目标会导致较大的位移,但当目标移动时,大小和高度的影响会减弱。如果将目标的上边缘和下边缘分别视为运动目标的后边缘和前边缘,那么与表象重力相关的各向异性与之前报告的水平运动目标的表象动量各向异性类似(因为隐含的重力吸引方向是向下的)。这种各向异性的存在对空间表征以及环境中刺激物的定位和互动都有影响。
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引用次数: 0
The rubber hand illusion questionnaire: An exploratory graph analysis of ownership, referral of touch, and control statements. 橡胶手幻觉问卷:对所有权、触摸转介和控制声明的探索性图表分析。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02964-w
Giorgia Tosi, Andreas Kalckert, Anantha Krishna Sivasubramanian, Daniele Romano

The rubber hand illusion is a well-known experiment that allows manipulation of one's own body experience. The original questionnaire gauges both the illusion experience and unforeseen experiences acting as control statements. In particular, two statements pertain to the referral of touch originating from the rubber hand (RoT), and one concerns the feeling of ownership of the rubber hand (SoO). Despite its prominence, the rubber hand illusion questionnaire has not undergone thorough examination of its psychometric properties. The literature reveals a tendency to use RoT and SoO statements interchangeably. In this study, we employed Exploratory Graph Analysis to explore the item structure and compared the correlation between SoO and RoT items in various conditions. While SoO and RoT are closely linked, our findings suggest potential separation. SoO and RoT statements consistently correlate, yet hints emerge that RoT might represent a distinct facet of the illusion. Correlations diminish beyond the perihand space, indicating a nuanced relationship. Additionally, moderate relationships between control statements and those measuring the illusion suggest that even control statements are modulated by the illusion experience. This study underscores the need for further exploration into the psychometric properties of body illusion questionnaires, prompting reflections on the interpretation in light of these results.

橡皮手幻觉是一个著名的实验,它可以操纵人们自己的身体体验。原始问卷同时测量幻觉体验和作为对照语句的意外体验。其中,两份陈述涉及来自橡皮手的触感(RoT),一份涉及橡皮手的拥有感(SoO)。尽管橡皮手错觉问卷很受重视,但它的心理测量学特性却没有经过彻底研究。文献显示,人们倾向于交替使用 "RoT "和 "SoO "陈述。在本研究中,我们采用了探索性图表分析法来探索项目结构,并比较了不同条件下 SoO 和 RoT 项目之间的相关性。虽然 SoO 和 RoT 密切相关,但我们的研究结果表明它们之间可能存在分离。SoO和RoT语句之间始终存在相关性,但我们发现,RoT可能代表了幻觉的一个独特方面。相关性在手部周围空间之外逐渐减弱,这表明两者之间存在着微妙的关系。此外,控制陈述与测量幻觉的陈述之间的适度关系表明,即使是控制陈述也会受到幻觉体验的调节。这项研究强调了进一步探索身体错觉问卷心理测量特性的必要性,并促使我们根据这些结果对解释进行反思。
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引用次数: 0
The influence of "advancing" and "receding" colors on figure-ground perception under monocular and binocular viewing. 单目和双目观看时,"前进 "和 "后退 "色彩对图形-地面感知的影响。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02956-w
Jaeseon Song, James M Brown

Research on figure-ground perception has consistently found that red images are more likely to be perceived as figure/nearer, yet the mechanisms behind this are not completely clear. The primary theories have pointed to optical chromatic aberrations or cortical mechanisms, such as the antagonistic interactions of the magno-/parvocellular (M/P) systems. Our study explored this color-biased figure-ground perception by examining the duration for which a region was perceived as figure under both binocular and monocular conditions, using all combinations of red, blue, green, and gray. In Experiment 1, we used figure-ground ambiguous Maltese crosses, composed of left- and right-tilting sectors of equal area. In Experiment 2, the crosses were figure-ground biased with size and orientation cues. Here, small sectors of cardinal orientations, likely perceived as figure, were contrasted with larger, obliquely oriented sectors, likely perceived as ground. Under monocular conditions, the results aligned with chromatic aberration predictions: red advanced and blue receded, regardless of size and orientation. However, under binocular conditions, the advancing effect of red continued, but the receding effect of blue was generally not observed. Notably, blue, along with red and green, was more frequently perceived as figure compared to gray. The results under binocular viewing are in line with the expectations of the antagonistic M/P system interactions theory, likely due to the collective input from both eyes, facilitating the anticipated effects. Our findings suggest that color-biased figure-ground perception may arise from the synergistic effect of antagonistic M/P system interactions and other optical and cortical mechanisms, together compensating for chromatic aberrations.

有关 "人物-地面 "感知的研究不断发现,红色图像更容易被感知为 "人物/近景",但其背后的机制并不完全清楚。主要的理论都指向光学色差或大脑皮层机制,如磁/副细胞(M/P)系统的拮抗相互作用。我们的研究通过检测在双目和单目条件下,使用红、蓝、绿和灰的所有组合将一个区域感知为图形的持续时间,探索了这种有颜色偏差的图形-地面感知。在实验 1 中,我们使用了由面积相等的左右倾斜扇形组成的图形-地面模糊的马耳他十字架。在实验 2 中,十字架是带有大小和方向线索的图形-地面偏置。在这里,正方向的小扇形可能被认为是图形,而斜方向的大扇形则可能被认为是地面。在单目条件下,结果与色差预测一致:无论大小和方向如何,红色前进,蓝色后退。然而,在双目条件下,红色的前进效应仍在继续,但蓝色的后退效应一般没有观察到。值得注意的是,与灰色相比,蓝色以及红色和绿色更常被视为图形。双眼观察下的结果符合拮抗 M/P 系统相互作用理论的预期,这可能是由于双眼的集体输入促进了预期效应的产生。我们的研究结果表明,颜色偏向的图形-地面感知可能来自拮抗M/P系统相互作用和其他光学及皮层机制的协同效应,它们共同补偿了色差。
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引用次数: 0
Inhibitory control and working memory using saccadic eye movements in primary glaucoma 利用原发性青光眼的眼球回旋运动进行抑制控制和工作记忆。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02961-z
Priyanka Maniarasu, Neetha I. R. Kuzhuppilly, Vijaya Pai H, Ramesh S. Ve, Srinivasa Varadharajan, Shonraj Ballae Ganeshrao

Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathic disorder that significantly impacts the activities of daily life (ADLs) of individuals. Emerging studies indicate degenerative changes in cortical and subcortical regions in individuals with glaucoma, which are associated with cognitive processes and oculomotor control. Cognitive processes involving top-down processes such as attention, planning, task management and execution, are crucial for meeting the demands of everyday tasks, and are affected in glaucoma. This study investigated the executive functions, specifically inhibitory control (IC) and working memory (WM), in individuals with glaucoma compared to age-matched controls, using eye movements. This was achieved through four tasks sensitive to executive functions, including antisaccade, memory-guided prosaccade and antisaccade, and the Go-NoGo tasks. Saccadic eye-movement parameters were also assessed in a prosaccade task, considered as a control condition with minimal IC and WM load. The results indicated that glaucoma is associated with changes in both IC and WM. Increased anticipatory saccadic errors might be linked to inhibitory deficiencies during the preparatory stage of the saccadic suppression mechanism. The increased omission errors in the antisaccade task might be due to the lack of regulation of the WM component. Taken together, these findings provide evidence for the involvement of cognitive deficits in individuals with glaucoma.

青光眼是一种渐进性视神经病变,严重影响患者的日常生活。新近的研究表明,青光眼患者的皮质和皮质下区域发生了退行性变化,这与认知过程和眼球运动控制有关。认知过程涉及自上而下的过程,如注意力、计划、任务管理和执行,对于满足日常任务的要求至关重要,而青光眼患者的这些认知过程会受到影响。本研究利用眼球运动,对青光眼患者的执行功能,特别是抑制控制(IC)和工作记忆(WM)进行了调查,并与年龄匹配的对照组进行了比较。这项研究通过四项对执行功能敏感的任务来实现,包括反前移、记忆引导的前移和反前移以及Go-NoGo任务。此外,还在将 IC 和 WM 负荷降至最低的对照条件下,评估了前闪任务中的眼球运动参数。结果表明,青光眼与 IC 和 WM 的变化有关。预视盲动错误的增加可能与盲动抑制机制准备阶段的抑制缺陷有关。反误差任务中遗漏错误的增加可能是由于缺乏对 WM 部分的调节。综上所述,这些发现为青光眼患者的认知障碍提供了证据。
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引用次数: 0
Combined manifestation of two geometric visual illusions 两种几何视错觉的综合表现。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02957-9
Aleksandr Bulatov, Vilius Marma, Natalija Bulatova, Artūras Grigaliūnas

The present study continued to investigate whether the effects of length misperception caused by cross-shaped (formed by two pairs of the oppositely oriented Müller-Lyer wings) contextual distractors can be explained by the combined manifestation of two different (i.e., the Müller-Lyer and filled-space) geometric illusions of extent. In psychophysical experiments, the luminance of one pair of wings was randomly changed, while the luminance of the other pair remained constant. Two different distractor orientations were used—when the wings with constant luminance formed the right side of the cross or the left side, otherwise. To separately evaluate the manifestation of the Müller-Lyer illusion under different luminance conditions, two distracting crosses of the same orientation were attached to the lateral stimulus terminators in the first series of experiments. In the following four series, a single distracting cross (with different orientation) was attached to one of the lateral stimulus terminators and various combinations of the constant and background luminance were used. To interpret the experimental data, we used the basic computational principles of previously developed quantitative models of hypothetical visual mechanisms underlying the emergence of the Müller-Lyer illusion and the filled-space illusion. It was shown that the results of theoretical calculations adequately approximate the experimental curves obtained for all modifications of stimuli, which strongly supports the suggestion that the joint manifestations of these two illusions can be considered among the main factors determining the features of the illusion investigated.

本研究继续探讨十字形(由两对方向相反的缪勒-莱尔翼组成)上下文干扰物引起的长度错觉效应是否可以用两种不同(即缪勒-莱尔翼和填充空间)几何范围错觉的综合表现来解释。在心理物理实验中,一对翅膀的亮度被随机改变,而另一对翅膀的亮度则保持不变。实验中使用了两种不同的分散方向--当亮度不变的翅膀构成十字架的右侧时,分散方向为左侧;反之,分散方向为右侧。为了分别评估不同亮度条件下穆勒-莱尔错觉的表现,在第一轮实验中,两个相同方向的分散注意力的十字架被连接到侧面刺激终止器上。在随后的四个系列实验中,我们在其中一个侧面刺激终结器上贴上了单个分散注意力的十字架(方向不同),并使用了恒定亮度和背景亮度的不同组合。为了解释实验数据,我们使用了之前开发的定量模型的基本计算原理,这些模型是假设的视觉机制,是产生缪勒-莱尔错觉和填充空间错觉的基础。结果表明,理论计算的结果充分接近了对所有刺激物进行修改后得到的实验曲线,这有力地支持了这样一种观点,即这两种错觉的共同表现可被视为决定所研究错觉特征的主要因素之一。
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引用次数: 0
Valence versus motivation: The different impact of emotion on space- and object-based attention 情绪与动机:情绪对基于空间和对象的注意力的不同影响。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02958-8
Saisai Hu, Tingting Yang, Yonghui Wang, Jingjing Zhao

Numerous studies have indicated that both the broaden-and-build model and the motivational dimensional model emphasize the impact of emotion on spatial attention by altering the attentional scope. However, no prior research has investigated the impact of emotional valence and motivational intensity on spatial attention within the same paradigm. Furthermore, object-based attention, characterized by distinct neural mechanisms from space-based attention and also susceptible to attentional scope, represents a major pattern of selective attention. Nevertheless, it is still unclear whether and how emotional valence and motivation play a role in object-based attentional selection. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore these areas. Using a two-rectangle paradigm, Experiment 1 found that motivational intensity modulated space-based effects, whereas emotional valence modulated object-based effects. Experiment 2 used a traditional spatial cueing paradigm to further study the stability of modulating effect of motivation intensity on space-based attention, yielding results consistent with those of Experiment 1. The present study indicated that the broaden-and-build model and motivational dimensional model were not either one or the other, but both played a role in object- and space-based attention. This study provides crucial empirical evidence for theoretical complementation and integration of emotional attention.

大量研究表明,拓宽-构建模型和动机维度模型都强调情绪通过改变注意范围对空间注意的影响。然而,之前的研究还没有在同一范式中调查情绪价值和动机强度对空间注意力的影响。此外,基于物体的注意与基于空间的注意有着不同的神经机制,也容易受到注意范围的影响,是选择性注意的一种主要模式。然而,情绪情感和动机是否以及如何在基于对象的注意选择中发挥作用,目前仍不清楚。因此,本研究旨在探索这些领域。实验 1 采用双角范式,发现动机强度调节了空间效应,而情绪情感调节了对象效应。实验 2 采用传统的空间线索范式,进一步研究动机强度对空间注意的调节作用的稳定性,结果与实验 1 一致。本研究表明,拓宽-构建模型和动机维度模型并不是非此即彼的关系,而是两者都对基于物体和空间的注意起作用。本研究为情绪注意的理论互补和整合提供了重要的实证证据。
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引用次数: 0
Multisensory working memory capture of attention 多感官工作记忆捕捉注意力
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02960-0
Lei Xu, Biye Cai, Chunlin Yue, Aijun Wang

During visual search, representations in working memory (WM) can guide the deployment of attention toward memory-matching visual input. Although previous studies have demonstrated that multisensory interactions facilitate WM and visual search, it remains unclear whether multisensory interaction influences attentional capture by WM. To address this issue, the present study adopted a dual-task paradigm, pairing a visual search task with a WM task, in which the memory modality was manipulated to be either visual or audiovisual. The results revealed that memory-driven attentional capture was observed under the visual and the audiovisual condition. Additionally, the capture effects and response time (RT) costs under the audiovisual condition were weaker than those under the visual condition, even on the trials with the earliest RTs. Furthermore, RT benefits under the audiovisual condition were comparable with those under the visual condition. These findings suggest that multisensory interactions can enhance cognitive control, leading to robust strategic effects and improved search performance. In this process, cognitive control tends to suppress the attentional capture by WM-matching distractors rather than enhance the attentional capture by WM-matching targets. The present study offers new insights into the influence of multisensory interactions on attentional capture by WM.

在视觉搜索过程中,工作记忆(WM)中的表征可以引导注意力向与记忆匹配的视觉输入调配。尽管之前的研究已经证明多感官交互作用有助于工作记忆和视觉搜索,但多感官交互作用是否会影响工作记忆对注意力的捕捉仍不清楚。为了解决这个问题,本研究采用了双任务范式,将视觉搜索任务与 WM 任务配对,其中记忆模式被操纵为视觉或视听模式。结果表明,在视觉和视听条件下都观察到了记忆驱动的注意捕获。此外,视听条件下的捕捉效应和反应时间(RT)成本要弱于视觉条件下的捕捉效应和反应时间(RT)成本,即使在反应时间(RT)最早的试验中也是如此。此外,视听条件下的反应时间收益与视觉条件下的收益相当。这些研究结果表明,多感官互动可以增强认知控制,从而产生强大的策略效应并提高搜索表现。在这一过程中,认知控制倾向于抑制 WM 匹配分心物的注意捕捉,而不是增强 WM 匹配目标的注意捕捉。本研究就多感官相互作用对 WM 注意捕捉的影响提供了新的见解。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of object perception on event integration and segregation 物体感知对事件整合与分离的影响
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02922-6
Gülşen Balta, Elkan G. Akyürek

The perceptual system must integrate information from various points in time and space to interpret continuous sensory input into meaningful units, such as visual objects or events. To explore the relationship between the perception of spatial objects and temporal events, we modified the missing element task, a typical temporal integration task, by inserting a simple spatial object. The aim was to determine whether the perceptual processing of the object would have an impact on the frequency of temporal integration and segregation. Temporal integration was most successful when the missing element was located within the object, less successful when there was no object, and least successful when the missing element appeared outside the object. The advantage of the location of the missing element within the object was observed at display durations from 30 ms to 150 ms. Interestingly, the object provided the same benefit for integration and segregation despite their opposing perceptual demands. This study demonstrates the relationship that exists between the processing of temporal events and spatial objects, and shows how such spatial information can facilitate temporal integration.

知觉系统必须整合来自不同时空点的信息,才能将连续的感觉输入解读为有意义的单元,如视觉物体或事件。为了探索空间物体的感知与时间事件之间的关系,我们对典型的时间整合任务 "缺失元素任务 "进行了修改,加入了一个简单的空间物体。目的是确定对物体的感知处理是否会对时间整合和分离的频率产生影响。当缺失元素位于物体内部时,时间整合的成功率最高;当没有物体时,时间整合的成功率较低;而当缺失元素出现在物体外部时,时间整合的成功率最低。在显示持续时间为 30 毫秒到 150 毫秒的情况下,缺失元素位于对象内部的优势被观察到。有趣的是,尽管整合和分离对知觉的要求截然相反,但物体对整合和分离的益处是相同的。这项研究证明了时间事件处理与空间对象之间存在的关系,并展示了这些空间信息如何促进时间整合。
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引用次数: 0
Guess what? Only correct choices forge immediate stimulus–response bindings in guessing scenarios 猜什么?只有正确的选择才能在猜测情景中建立直接的刺激-反应联系
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02950-2
Anna Foerster, Viola Mocke, Birte Moeller, Roland Pfister

A central mechanism of human action control is the prompt binding between actions and the stimuli provoking them. Perceiving the same stimuli again retrieves any bound responses, facilitating their execution. An open question is whether such binding and retrieval only emerges when stimulus–response rules are known upon taking action or also when agents are forced to guess and receive feedback about whether they were successful or not afterward. In two experiments, we tested the hypothesis that knowing rules before responding would boost binding between stimuli and responses during action-taking relative to guessing situations. Second, we assessed whether the content of the feedback matters for binding in that agents might use feedback to build correct stimulus–response bindings even for wrong guesses. We used a sequential prime-probe design to induce stimulus–response binding for prime responses that were either rule-based or guesses, and to measure retrieval of these bindings in response times and errors in the probe. Results indicate that binding and retrieval emerge for successful but not for wrong guesses. Binding effects for correct guesses were consistently small in effect size, suggesting that pre-established stimulus–response bindings from instructed rules might indeed boost binding when taking action.

人类行动控制的一个核心机制是行动与刺激之间的迅速结合。再次感知相同的刺激会检索到任何绑定的反应,从而促进它们的执行。一个悬而未决的问题是,这种绑定和检索是否只有在采取行动时知道刺激-反应规则时才会出现,还是也会在行为主体被迫猜测并在事后收到关于他们是否成功的反馈时出现。在两个实验中,我们检验了这样一个假设,即相对于猜测情况,在做出反应之前知道规则会增强行动过程中刺激和反应之间的结合。其次,我们评估了反馈的内容是否会影响约束力,因为即使是错误的猜测,行为主体也可能会利用反馈来建立正确的刺激-反应约束力。我们使用了一个连续的素材-探究设计来诱导基于规则或猜测的素材反应的刺激-反应绑定,并在探究的反应时间和错误中测量这些绑定的检索。结果表明,成功的猜测会出现绑定和检索,而错误的猜测则不会。正确猜测的绑定效应在效应大小上一直较小,这表明在采取行动时,根据指导规则预先建立的刺激-反应绑定确实可能会增强绑定效应。
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引用次数: 0
The rise and fall of durable color-induced attentional bias 持久色彩诱导注意偏差的兴衰。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02946-y
Chun-Yu Kuo, Yei-Yu Yeh, Huan-Fu Chao

Target and distractor templates play a pivotal role in guiding attentional control during visual search, with the former template facilitating target search and the latter template leading distractor suppression. We first investigated whether task-irrelevant colors could earn their value through color-target contingency in the training phase and bias attention when they became a distractor in search for a singleton shape during the test phase. Colors provided useful information for target selection, with high- and low-informational values, respectively, in Experiments 1 and 2. Experience-based attentional biases were observed in the first half of the former experiment, and null results were observed in the latter. Experiment 3 verified whether the null results were elicited because the response-relevant feature inside of the singleton shape was also a singleton. Colors were task defined in the training phase, and the test display was the same as that used in Experiment 2. Experience-based attentional biases were observed in the first half of the test phase. In Experiment 4, we tested whether decreasing the consistency of distractor processing can lengthen the duration of experience-based attentional biases by increasing the number of possible response-relevant features inside of the colored distractor. The results showed experience-based attentional biases throughout the test phase. The results highlight the ideas that the informational value provided by a feature dimension for facilitating target selection can modify a target template and that the consistency of rejecting a distractor feature can play a role in the formation of a distractor template.

在视觉搜索过程中,目标模板和分心模板在引导注意控制方面起着关键作用,前者促进目标搜索,后者引导分心抑制。我们首先研究了与任务无关的颜色是否能在训练阶段通过颜色-目标或然性获得其价值,并在测试阶段成为搜索单个形状的分心物时产生注意偏差。在实验 1 和 2 中,颜色为目标选择提供了有用的信息,分别具有高信息价值和低信息价值。在前一项实验的前半部分,观察到了基于经验的注意偏差,而在后一项实验中则观察到了无效结果。实验 3 验证了空结果的出现是否因为单子形状内部的反应相关特征也是单子。颜色是在训练阶段由任务定义的,测试显示与实验 2 相同。在测试阶段的前半部分,我们观察到了基于经验的注意偏差。在实验 4 中,我们测试了通过增加彩色分心物内部可能存在的反应相关特征的数量,降低分心物处理的一致性是否能延长基于经验的注意偏差的持续时间。结果显示,基于经验的注意偏差贯穿了整个测试阶段。这些结果突出表明,特征维度为促进目标选择而提供的信息价值可以改变目标模板,而拒绝分心特征的一致性可以在分心模板的形成过程中发挥作用。
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引用次数: 0
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Attention Perception & Psychophysics
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