首页 > 最新文献

Attention Perception & Psychophysics最新文献

英文 中文
An early effect of the parafoveal preview on post-saccadic processing of English words. 视网膜旁预览对英语单词后累积加工的早期影响。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02916-4
David Melcher, Ani Alaberkyan, Chrysi Anastasaki, Xiaoyi Liu, Michele Deodato, Gianluca Marsicano, Diogo Almeida

A key aspect of efficient visual processing is to use current and previous information to make predictions about what we will see next. In natural viewing, and when looking at words, there is typically an indication of forthcoming visual information from extrafoveal areas of the visual field before we make an eye movement to an object or word of interest. This "preview effect" has been studied for many years in the word reading literature and, more recently, in object perception. Here, we integrated methods from word recognition and object perception to investigate the timing of the preview on neural measures of word recognition. Through a combined use of EEG and eye-tracking, a group of multilingual participants took part in a gaze-contingent, single-shot saccade experiment in which words appeared in their parafoveal visual field. In valid preview trials, the same word was presented during the preview and after the saccade, while in the invalid condition, the saccade target was a number string that turned into a word during the saccade. As hypothesized, the valid preview greatly reduced the fixation-related evoked response. Interestingly, multivariate decoding analyses revealed much earlier preview effects than previously reported for words, and individual decoding performance correlated with participant reading scores. These results demonstrate that a parafoveal preview can influence relatively early aspects of post-saccadic word processing and help to resolve some discrepancies between the word and object literatures.

高效视觉处理的一个重要方面是利用当前和先前的信息来预测我们接下来会看到什么。在自然观看和观察文字时,通常在我们将视线移向感兴趣的物体或文字之前,视野外区域就会显示出即将出现的视觉信息。这种 "预览效应 "已在文字阅读文献中研究了多年,最近又在物体感知中得到了研究。在这里,我们综合了单词识别和物体感知的方法来研究预览时间对单词识别神经测量的影响。通过结合使用脑电图和眼动跟踪,一组多语言参与者参加了一个凝视条件下的单次囊状移动实验,在该实验中,单词出现在他们的视网膜旁视野中。在有效预览试验中,预览期间和囊回之后出现的是同一个单词;而在无效条件下,囊回目标是一个数字串,在囊回过程中变成了一个单词。正如假设的那样,有效预览大大减少了与固定相关的诱发反应。有趣的是,多变量解码分析显示,预览效应比之前报道的单词预览效应要早得多,而且个体解码表现与参与者的阅读分数相关。这些结果表明,视网膜旁预览可以影响相对较早的累积后文字处理,并有助于解决文字和对象文献之间的一些差异。
{"title":"An early effect of the parafoveal preview on post-saccadic processing of English words.","authors":"David Melcher, Ani Alaberkyan, Chrysi Anastasaki, Xiaoyi Liu, Michele Deodato, Gianluca Marsicano, Diogo Almeida","doi":"10.3758/s13414-024-02916-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-024-02916-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A key aspect of efficient visual processing is to use current and previous information to make predictions about what we will see next. In natural viewing, and when looking at words, there is typically an indication of forthcoming visual information from extrafoveal areas of the visual field before we make an eye movement to an object or word of interest. This \"preview effect\" has been studied for many years in the word reading literature and, more recently, in object perception. Here, we integrated methods from word recognition and object perception to investigate the timing of the preview on neural measures of word recognition. Through a combined use of EEG and eye-tracking, a group of multilingual participants took part in a gaze-contingent, single-shot saccade experiment in which words appeared in their parafoveal visual field. In valid preview trials, the same word was presented during the preview and after the saccade, while in the invalid condition, the saccade target was a number string that turned into a word during the saccade. As hypothesized, the valid preview greatly reduced the fixation-related evoked response. Interestingly, multivariate decoding analyses revealed much earlier preview effects than previously reported for words, and individual decoding performance correlated with participant reading scores. These results demonstrate that a parafoveal preview can influence relatively early aspects of post-saccadic word processing and help to resolve some discrepancies between the word and object literatures.</p>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141494378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Retrospective attention: The effects on time perception 回溯注意:对时间感知的影响
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02918-2
Fuminori Ono

Attention has a significant effect on time perception, as a person’s perception of duration varies depending on the object of one’s attention, even when the visual stimulus is consistent. This study aimed to identify the effects of directing participants’ attention after a stimulus has disappeared on time perception, as prior studies have examined only pre-stimulus direction. The stimulus used comprised two overlapping figures – one large and one small. After the stimulus was removed, participants were asked to judge the length of the presentation time and shape of one of the two figures. Consequently, the participants perceived a longer presentation duration when their attention was directed to a large figure than when directed to a small figure. This finding suggests that even after an event has occurred, the time perception of the event changes depending on the feature receiving one’s attention.

注意力对时间感知有很大影响,因为即使视觉刺激是一致的,人对持续时间的感知也会因注意对象的不同而不同。本研究旨在确定在刺激消失后引导参与者的注意力对时间感知的影响,因为之前的研究只考察了刺激前的引导。所使用的刺激物包括一大一小两个重叠的图形。在刺激消失后,受试者被要求判断两个图形中一个图形的呈现时间长度和形状。结果是,当被试者的注意力指向一个大图形时,他们感知到的呈现时间比指向一个小图形时长。这一发现表明,即使在事件发生之后,人们对事件的时间感知也会根据所注意的特征而发生变化。
{"title":"Retrospective attention: The effects on time perception","authors":"Fuminori Ono","doi":"10.3758/s13414-024-02918-2","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-024-02918-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Attention has a significant effect on time perception, as a person’s perception of duration varies depending on the object of one’s attention, even when the visual stimulus is consistent. This study aimed to identify the effects of directing participants’ attention after a stimulus has disappeared on time perception, as prior studies have examined only pre-stimulus direction. The stimulus used comprised two overlapping figures – one large and one small. After the stimulus was removed, participants were asked to judge the length of the presentation time and shape of one of the two figures. Consequently, the participants perceived a longer presentation duration when their attention was directed to a large figure than when directed to a small figure. This finding suggests that even after an event has occurred, the time perception of the event changes depending on the feature receiving one’s attention.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141460928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Correction to: The differential impact of face distractors on visual working memory across encoding and delay stages 更正:不同编码和延迟阶段人脸分心物对视觉工作记忆的不同影响
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02912-8
Chaoxiong Ye, Qianru Xu, Zhihu Pan, Qi‑Yang Nie, Qiang Liu
{"title":"Correction to: The differential impact of face distractors on visual working memory across encoding and delay stages","authors":"Chaoxiong Ye,&nbsp;Qianru Xu,&nbsp;Zhihu Pan,&nbsp;Qi‑Yang Nie,&nbsp;Qiang Liu","doi":"10.3758/s13414-024-02912-8","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-024-02912-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11411008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141460927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Proactive reward in conflict tasks: Does it only enhance general performance or also modulate conflict effects? 冲突任务中的主动奖励:它只能提高一般表现,还是也能调节冲突效果?
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02896-5
Linda C. Bräutigam, Hartmut Leuthold, Ian G. Mackenzie, Victor Mittelstädt

In the present study, we investigated the influence of performance-contingent reward prospects on task performance across three visual conflict tasks with manual responses (Experiments 1 & 2: Simon and Stroop tasks; Experiment 3: Simon and Eriksen flanker task) using block-wise (Experiment 1) and trial-wise (Experiments 2 & 3) manipulations to signal the possibility of reward. Across all experiments, task performance (in reaction time and/or error rates) generally improved in reward compared with no-reward conditions in each conflict task. However, there was, if any, little evidence that the reward manipulation modulated the size of the mean conflict effects, and there was also no evidence for conflict-specific effects of reward when controlling for time-varying fluctuations in conflict processing via distributional analyses (delta plots). Thus, the results provide no evidence for conflict-specific accounts and instead favor performance-general accounts, where reward anticipation leads to overall performance improvements without affecting conflict effects. We discuss possible implications for how proactive control might modulate the interplay between target- and distractor-processing in conflict tasks.

在本研究中,我们利用分块(实验 1)和分次(实验 2 和 3)操作来提示奖励的可能性,研究了在三项手动反应的视觉冲突任务(实验 1 和 2:西蒙和斯特罗普任务;实验 3:西蒙和埃里克森侧翼任务)中,与表现相关的奖励前景对任务表现的影响。在所有实验中,在每个冲突任务中,与无奖励条件相比,有奖励条件下的任务表现(反应时间和/或错误率)普遍有所提高。然而,几乎没有证据表明奖励操作调节了平均冲突效应的大小,而且通过分布分析(△图)控制冲突处理中的时变波动时,也没有证据表明奖励具有特定冲突效应。因此,这些结果并没有为冲突特异性解释提供证据,而是倾向于表现一般解释,即奖励预期会导致整体表现的提高,而不会影响冲突效应。我们讨论了主动控制如何调节冲突任务中目标和分心处理之间相互作用的可能影响。
{"title":"Proactive reward in conflict tasks: Does it only enhance general performance or also modulate conflict effects?","authors":"Linda C. Bräutigam,&nbsp;Hartmut Leuthold,&nbsp;Ian G. Mackenzie,&nbsp;Victor Mittelstädt","doi":"10.3758/s13414-024-02896-5","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-024-02896-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the present study, we investigated the influence of performance-contingent reward prospects on task performance across three visual conflict tasks with manual responses (Experiments 1 &amp; 2: Simon and Stroop tasks; Experiment 3: Simon and Eriksen flanker task) using block-wise (Experiment 1) and trial-wise (Experiments 2 &amp; 3) manipulations to signal the possibility of reward. Across all experiments, task performance (in reaction time and/or error rates) generally improved in reward compared with no-reward conditions in each conflict task. However, there was, if any, little evidence that the reward manipulation modulated the size of the mean conflict effects, and there was also no evidence for conflict-specific effects of reward when controlling for time-varying fluctuations in conflict processing via distributional analyses (delta plots). Thus, the results provide no evidence for conflict-specific accounts and instead favor performance-general accounts, where reward anticipation leads to overall performance improvements without affecting conflict effects. We discuss possible implications for how proactive control might modulate the interplay between target- and distractor-processing in conflict tasks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11410886/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141447659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The resolution of proactive interference in a novel visual working memory task: A behavioral and pupillometric study 新型视觉工作记忆任务中主动干扰的解决:行为和瞳孔测量研究
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-19 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02888-5
Jamie Donenfeld, Erik Blaser, Zsuzsa Kaldy

Proactive interference (PI) occurs when previously learned information impairs memory for more recently learned information. Most PI studies have employed verbal stimuli, while the role of PI in visual working memory (VWM) has had relatively little attention. In the verbal domain, Johansson and colleagues (2018) found that pupil diameter – a real-time neurophysiological index of cognitive effort – reflects the accumulation and resolution of PI. Here we use a novel, naturalistic paradigm to test the behavioral and pupillary correlates of PI resolution for what-was-where item-location bindings in VWM. Importantly, in our paradigm, trials (PI vs. no-PI condition) are mixed in a block, and participants are naïve to the condition until they are tested. This design sidesteps concerns about differences in encoding strategies or generalized effort differences between conditions. Across three experiments (N = 122 total) we assessed PI’s effect on VWM and whether PI resolution during memory retrieval is associated with greater cognitive effort (as indexed by the phasic, task-evoked pupil response). We found strong support for PI’s detrimental effect on VWM (even with our spatially distributed stimuli), but no consistent link between interference resolution and effort during memory retrieval (this, even though the pupil was a reliable indicator that higher-performing individuals tried harder during memory encoding). We speculate that when explicit strategies are minimized, and PI resolution relies primarily on implicit processing, the effect may not be sufficient to trigger a robust pupillometric response.

主动干扰(PI)是指以前学习过的信息会影响对最近学习过的信息的记忆。大多数主动干扰研究都采用了言语刺激,而主动干扰在视觉工作记忆(VWM)中的作用则相对关注较少。在言语领域,Johansson 及其同事(2018 年)发现,瞳孔直径--认知努力的实时神经生理指标--反映了 PI 的积累和解析。在这里,我们使用一种新颖、自然的范式,测试了在 VWM 中 "是什么"-"在哪里 "项目-位置绑定的 PI 分辨率的行为和瞳孔相关性。重要的是,在我们的范式中,试验(PI 与无 PI 条件)混合在一个区块中,参与者在接受测试之前对试验条件一无所知。这种设计避免了对编码策略差异或不同条件下的普遍努力差异的担忧。通过三项实验(共 122 人),我们评估了 PI 对 VWM 的影响,以及在记忆检索过程中 PI 的解析是否与更大的认知努力相关(以阶段性、任务诱发的瞳孔反应为指标)。我们发现,PI 对 VWM 的不利影响得到了强有力的支持(即使我们使用的是空间分布式刺激),但干扰解决与记忆检索过程中的努力之间却没有一致的联系(尽管瞳孔是一个可靠的指标,表明表现较好的人在记忆编码过程中更加努力)。我们推测,当显性策略被最小化,而干扰解析主要依赖于隐性处理时,这种效应可能不足以引发强有力的瞳孔测量反应。
{"title":"The resolution of proactive interference in a novel visual working memory task: A behavioral and pupillometric study","authors":"Jamie Donenfeld,&nbsp;Erik Blaser,&nbsp;Zsuzsa Kaldy","doi":"10.3758/s13414-024-02888-5","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-024-02888-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Proactive interference (PI) occurs when previously learned information impairs memory for more recently learned information. Most PI studies have employed verbal stimuli, while the role of PI in visual working memory (VWM) has had relatively little attention. In the verbal domain, Johansson and colleagues (2018) found that pupil diameter – a real-time neurophysiological index of cognitive effort – reflects the accumulation and resolution of PI. Here we use a novel, naturalistic paradigm to test the behavioral and pupillary correlates of PI resolution for <i>what-was-where</i> item-location bindings in VWM. Importantly, in our paradigm, trials (<i>PI</i> vs. <i>no-PI</i> condition) are mixed in a block, and participants are naïve to the condition until they are tested. This design sidesteps concerns about differences in encoding strategies or <i>generalized</i> effort differences between conditions. Across three experiments (<i>N</i> = 122 total) we assessed PI’s effect on VWM and whether PI resolution during memory retrieval is associated with greater cognitive effort (as indexed by the phasic, task-evoked pupil response). We found strong support for PI’s detrimental effect on VWM (even with our spatially distributed stimuli), but no consistent link between interference resolution and effort during memory retrieval (this, even though the pupil <i>was</i> a reliable indicator that higher-performing individuals tried harder during memory <i>encoding</i>). We speculate that when explicit strategies are minimized, and PI resolution relies primarily on implicit processing, the effect may not be sufficient to trigger a robust pupillometric response.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141428322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Phonological neighbors cooperate during spoken-sentence processing: Evidence from a nonword detection task 在口语-句子处理过程中,音素邻近词相互配合:来自非词检测任务的证据
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-19 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02913-7
Sophie Dufour, Colas Fournet, Jonathan Mirault, Jonathan Grainger

We used a novel nonword detection task to examine the lexical competition principle postulated in most models of spoken word recognition. To do so, in Experiment 1 we presented sequences of spoken words with half of the sequences containing a nonword, and the target nonword (i.e., press a response key whenever you detect a nonword in the sequence) could either be phonologically related (a phonological neighbor) or unrelated to the immediately preceding word. We reasoned that the reactivation of a phonological neighbor during target nonword processing should delay the moment at which a nonword decision can be made. Contrary to our hypothesis, participants were faster at detecting nonwords when they were preceded by a phonological neighbor compared with an unrelated word. In Experiment 2, an inhibitory effect of phonological relatedness on nonword decisions was observed in a classic priming situation using the same set of related and unrelated word-nonword pairs. We discuss the implications of these findings in regard to the main models of spoken word recognition, and conclude that our specific experimental set-up with phonological neighbors embedded in spoken sentences is more sensitive to cooperative interactions between co-activated sublexical representations than lexical competition between co-activated lexical representations, with the latter being modulated by whether or not the words compete for the same slot in time.

我们使用了一项新颖的非词检测任务来检验大多数口语单词识别模型所假设的词性竞争原理。为此,我们在实验 1 中呈现了口语单词序列,其中一半序列包含一个非单词,目标非单词(即每当检测到序列中的非单词时按下响应键)既可以与紧接着的单词在语音上相关(语音邻接),也可以与之无关。我们推断,在目标非词处理过程中,音素邻近词的重新激活应该会延迟做出非词决定的时间。与我们的假设相反,与不相关的词相比,当非词前面有一个音素邻接词时,参与者检测非词的速度更快。在实验 2 中,我们使用了同样一组相关和不相关的词-非词对,在经典引物情境中观察到了语音相关性对非词决策的抑制作用。我们讨论了这些发现对口语单词识别主要模型的影响,并得出结论:我们在口语句子中嵌入音素邻近词的特定实验设置对共同激活的次词汇表征之间的合作互动比共同激活的词汇表征之间的词汇竞争更敏感,后者受单词是否竞争同一时间段的影响。
{"title":"Phonological neighbors cooperate during spoken-sentence processing: Evidence from a nonword detection task","authors":"Sophie Dufour,&nbsp;Colas Fournet,&nbsp;Jonathan Mirault,&nbsp;Jonathan Grainger","doi":"10.3758/s13414-024-02913-7","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-024-02913-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We used a novel nonword detection task to examine the lexical competition principle postulated in most models of spoken word recognition. To do so, in Experiment 1 we presented sequences of spoken words with half of the sequences containing a nonword, and the target nonword (i.e., press a response key whenever you detect a nonword in the sequence) could either be phonologically related (a phonological neighbor) or unrelated to the immediately preceding word. We reasoned that the reactivation of a phonological neighbor during target nonword processing should delay the moment at which a nonword decision can be made. Contrary to our hypothesis, participants were faster at detecting nonwords when they were preceded by a phonological neighbor compared with an unrelated word. In Experiment 2, an inhibitory effect of phonological relatedness on nonword decisions was observed in a classic priming situation using the same set of related and unrelated word-nonword pairs. We discuss the implications of these findings in regard to the main models of spoken word recognition, and conclude that our specific experimental set-up with phonological neighbors embedded in spoken sentences is more sensitive to cooperative interactions between co-activated sublexical representations than lexical competition between co-activated lexical representations, with the latter being modulated by whether or not the words compete for the same slot in time.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141428321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Audiovisual perception of interrupted speech by nonnative listeners 非母语听众对中断语音的视听感知。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-17 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02909-3
Jing Yang, Naveen K. Nagaraj, Beula M. Magimairaj

The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of visual cues in audiovisual perception of interrupted speech by nonnative English listeners and to identify the role of working memory, long-term memory retrieval, and vocabulary knowledge in audiovisual perception by nonnative listeners. The participants included 31 Mandarin-speaking English learners between 19 and 41 years of age. The perceptual stimuli were noise-filled periodically interrupted AzBio and QuickSIN sentences with or without visual cues that showed a male speaker uttering the sentences. In addition to sentence recognition, the listeners completed a semantic fluency task, verbal (operation span) and visuospatial (symmetry span) working memory tasks, and two vocabulary knowledge tests (Vocabulary Level Test and Lexical Test for Advanced Learners of English). The results revealed significantly better speech recognition in the audio-visual condition than the audio-only condition, but the magnitude of visual benefit was substantially attenuated for sentences that had limited semantic context. The listeners’ vocabulary size in English played a key role in the restoration of missing speech information and audiovisual integration in the perception of interrupted speech. Meanwhile, the listeners’ verbal working memory capacity played an important role in audiovisual integration especially for the difficult stimuli with limited semantic context.

本研究旨在考察视觉线索在非英语母语听者对中断语音的视听感知中的影响,并确定工作记忆、长期记忆检索和词汇知识在非母语听者视听感知中的作用。研究对象包括 31 名讲普通话的英语学习者,年龄在 19 至 41 岁之间。感知刺激是充满噪音的周期性中断的AzBio和QuickSIN句子,有或没有视觉提示,显示的是一位男性演讲者在说句子。除句子识别外,听者还完成了语义流畅性任务、言语(操作跨度)和视觉空间(对称跨度)工作记忆任务,以及两项词汇知识测试(词汇水平测试和英语高级学习者词汇测试)。结果显示,视听条件下的语音识别能力明显优于纯视听条件下,但对于语义上下文有限的句子,视听条件下的优势明显减弱。听者的英语词汇量对语音信息缺失的恢复和中断语音感知中的视听整合起到了关键作用。同时,听者的语言工作记忆能力在视听整合中也发挥了重要作用,尤其是对于语义语境有限的困难刺激。
{"title":"Audiovisual perception of interrupted speech by nonnative listeners","authors":"Jing Yang,&nbsp;Naveen K. Nagaraj,&nbsp;Beula M. Magimairaj","doi":"10.3758/s13414-024-02909-3","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-024-02909-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of visual cues in audiovisual perception of interrupted speech by nonnative English listeners and to identify the role of working memory, long-term memory retrieval, and vocabulary knowledge in audiovisual perception by nonnative listeners. The participants included 31 Mandarin-speaking English learners between 19 and 41 years of age. The perceptual stimuli were noise-filled periodically interrupted AzBio and QuickSIN sentences with or without visual cues that showed a male speaker uttering the sentences. In addition to sentence recognition, the listeners completed a semantic fluency task, verbal (operation span) and visuospatial (symmetry span) working memory tasks, and two vocabulary knowledge tests (Vocabulary Level Test and Lexical Test for Advanced Learners of English). The results revealed significantly better speech recognition in the audio-visual condition than the audio-only condition, but the magnitude of visual benefit was substantially attenuated for sentences that had limited semantic context. The listeners’ vocabulary size in English played a key role in the restoration of missing speech information and audiovisual integration in the perception of interrupted speech. Meanwhile, the listeners’ verbal working memory capacity played an important role in audiovisual integration especially for the difficult stimuli with limited semantic context.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141422001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On the relationship between spatial attention and semantics in the context of a Stroop paradigm 在 Stroop 范式下空间注意力与语义之间的关系。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-17 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02911-9
Derek Besner, Torin Young

A controversial issue in the literature on single word reading concerns whether semantic activation from a printed word can be stopped. Several reports have claimed that, even when attention is directed to a single letter in a word, semantic interference persists full blown in the context of variants of Stroop’s paradigm. Incidental word recognition is thus claimed to be unaffected by directed spatial attention and hence to be automatic by this criterion. In contrast, the literature examining the relation between intentional visual word recognition and spatial attention in tasks like lexical decision and reading aloud suggests that spatial attention is a necessary preliminary to lexical/semantic processing of a word. These opposing conclusions raise the question of whether there is a qualitative difference between incidental and intentional visual word recognition when spatial attention is considered. We first consider the methodology from Stroop experiments in which putatively narrowed spatial attention manipulations failed to prevent interference from semantics. We then report a new experiment that better promotes focused spatial attention. The results yield clear evidence that the effect of semantic activation can indeed be sidelined because one or more prior processes were in large measure stopped. We conclude that incidental word recognition is not automatic in the sense of occurring without any kind of attention.

在有关单词阅读的文献中,有一个颇具争议的问题,即印刷单词的语义激活是否可以停止。一些报告称,即使注意力被引导到单词中的一个字母上,语义干扰也会在斯特罗普范式的变体中全面爆发。因此,偶然的单词识别被认为不受定向空间注意的影响,因此根据这一标准,偶然的单词识别是自动的。与此相反,研究词汇判断和朗读等任务中有意视觉词汇识别与空间注意之间关系的文献表明,空间注意是词汇/语义加工的必要前提。这些截然相反的结论提出了一个问题:在考虑空间注意力时,偶然视觉单词识别和有意视觉单词识别之间是否存在质的区别。我们首先考虑了来自 Stroop 实验的方法,在这些实验中,所谓的缩小空间注意操作未能阻止语义的干扰。然后,我们报告了一个能更好地促进集中空间注意力的新实验。实验结果清楚地表明,语义激活的效果确实可以被忽略,因为一个或多个先前过程在很大程度上被停止了。我们的结论是,偶然的单词识别并不是自动发生的,不需要任何形式的注意。
{"title":"On the relationship between spatial attention and semantics in the context of a Stroop paradigm","authors":"Derek Besner,&nbsp;Torin Young","doi":"10.3758/s13414-024-02911-9","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-024-02911-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A controversial issue in the literature on single word reading concerns whether semantic activation from a printed word can be stopped. Several reports have claimed that, even when attention is directed to a single letter in a word, <i>semantic</i> interference persists full blown in the context of variants of Stroop’s paradigm. Incidental word recognition is thus claimed to be unaffected by directed spatial attention and hence to be automatic by this criterion. In contrast, the literature examining the relation between intentional visual word recognition and spatial attention in tasks like lexical decision and reading aloud suggests that spatial attention is a necessary preliminary to lexical/semantic processing of a word. These opposing conclusions raise the question of whether there is a qualitative difference between incidental and intentional visual word recognition when spatial attention is considered. We first consider the methodology from Stroop experiments in which putatively narrowed spatial attention manipulations failed to prevent interference from semantics. We then report a new experiment that better promotes focused spatial attention. The results yield clear evidence that the effect of semantic activation can indeed be sidelined because one or more prior processes were in large measure stopped. We conclude that incidental word recognition is not automatic in the sense of occurring without any kind of attention.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141422002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Repulsion bias is insensitive to spatial attention, yet expands during active working memory maintenance 排斥偏差对空间注意力不敏感,但在积极的工作记忆维持过程中会扩大。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02910-w
Mengdan Sun, Yaxin Huang, Haojiang Ying

Our brain sometimes represents visual information in a biased manner. Multiple visual features presented simultaneously or sequentially may interact with each other when we perceive them or maintain them in visual working memory (WM), giving rise to report bias. How goal-directed attention influences target representation is not fully understood, especially concerning whether attention towards distractors modulates report bias for the target. Our study investigated the WM biases of the target when it is concurrent with (1) one attended distractor only, (2) one unattended distractor only, and (3) both kinds of distractors during perception. It was found that the target WM is reported as being repelled away from concurrent distractors, attended or unattended, suggesting attention is not necessary for the occurrence of repulsion bias during perception. Furthermore, goal-directed attention towards the distractors modulates the strength of interitem interaction, and the repulsion bias was found to be stronger when attention was directed toward the distractor than when it was not. However, the exaggerated repulsion associated with the attended distractor is likely due to increased relevance to the memory task and (or) WM load instead of spatial attention. In contrast, spatial attention towards the distractor increases the chances of misreporting the distractor for the target.

我们的大脑有时会以偏差的方式呈现视觉信息。当我们感知或在视觉工作记忆(WM)中保持同时或顺序呈现的多个视觉特征时,它们可能会相互影响,从而产生报告偏差。目标定向注意如何影响目标表征,尤其是对分心物的注意是否会调节对目标的报告偏差,目前尚不完全清楚。我们的研究调查了在感知过程中,当目标与(1)一个被注意的分心物,(2)一个未被注意的分心物,以及(3)两种分心物同时出现时,目标的WM偏差。研究发现,目标 WM 被报告为排斥同时出现的分心物,无论是有分心物还是无分心物,这表明在感知过程中出现排斥偏差并不需要注意。此外,对分心物的目标定向注意会调节项目间相互作用的强度,发现当注意指向分心物时,排斥偏差比不指向分心物时更强。然而,与注意到的分心物相关的夸大排斥可能是由于与记忆任务的相关性增加以及(或)WM 负荷而非空间注意造成的。相反,对分心物的空间注意会增加将分心物误报为目标物的几率。
{"title":"Repulsion bias is insensitive to spatial attention, yet expands during active working memory maintenance","authors":"Mengdan Sun,&nbsp;Yaxin Huang,&nbsp;Haojiang Ying","doi":"10.3758/s13414-024-02910-w","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-024-02910-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Our brain sometimes represents visual information in a biased manner. Multiple visual features presented simultaneously or sequentially may interact with each other when we perceive them or maintain them in visual working memory (WM), giving rise to <i>report bias</i>. How goal-directed attention influences target representation is not fully understood, especially concerning whether attention towards distractors modulates report bias for the target. Our study investigated the WM biases of the target when it is concurrent with (1) one attended distractor only, (2) one unattended distractor only, and (3) both kinds of distractors during perception. It was found that the target WM is reported as being repelled away from concurrent distractors, attended or unattended, suggesting attention is not necessary for the occurrence of repulsion bias during perception. Furthermore, goal-directed attention towards the distractors modulates the strength of interitem interaction, and the repulsion bias was found to be stronger when attention was directed toward the distractor than when it was not. However, the exaggerated repulsion associated with the attended distractor is likely due to increased relevance to the memory task and (or) WM load instead of spatial attention. In contrast, spatial attention towards the distractor increases the chances of misreporting the distractor for the target.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141307494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The interplay between spatial and non-spatial grouping cues over approximate number perception 空间和非空间分组线索对近似数感知的相互作用。
IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02908-4
Andrea Adriano, Lorenzo Ciccione

Humans and animals share the cognitive ability to quickly extract approximate number information from sets. Main psychophysical models suggest that visual approximate numerosity relies on segmented units, which can be affected by Gestalt rules. Indeed, arrays containing spatial grouping cues, such as connectedness, closure, and even symmetry, are underestimated compared to ungrouped arrays with equal low-level features. Recent evidence suggests that non-spatial cues, such as color-similarity, also trigger numerosity underestimation. However, in natural vision, several grouping cues may coexist in the scene. Notably, conjunction of grouping cues (color and closure) reduces perceived numerosity following an additive rule. To test whether the conjunction-effect holds for other Gestalt cues, we investigated the effect of connectedness and symmetry over numerosity perception both in isolation and, critically, in conjunction with luminance similarity. Participants performed a comparison-task between a reference and a test stimulus varying in numerosity. In Experiment 1, test stimuli contained two isolated groupings (connectedness or luminance), a conjunction (connectedness and luminance), and a neutral condition (no groupings). Results show that point of subjective equality was higher in both isolated grouping conditions compared to the neutral condition. Furthermore, in the conjunction condition, the biases from isolated grouping cues added linearly, resulting in a numerosity underestimation equal to the sum of the isolated biases. In Experiment 2 we found that conjunction of symmetry and luminance followed the same additive rule. These findings strongly suggest that both spatial and non-spatial isolated cues affect numerosity perception. Crucially, we show that their conjunction effect extends to symmetry and connectedness.

人类和动物都具有从集合中快速提取近似数字信息的认知能力。主要的心理物理模型表明,视觉近似数字信息依赖于分割单元,而分割单元会受到格式塔规则的影响。事实上,与具有相同低级特征的未分组阵列相比,含有空间分组线索(如连通性、封闭性甚至对称性)的阵列会被低估。最近的证据表明,非空间线索(如颜色相似性)也会导致数量低估。然而,在自然视觉中,场景中可能同时存在多个分组线索。值得注意的是,分组线索(颜色和封闭性)的结合会根据加法规则降低感知的数值。为了检验组合效应是否适用于其他格式塔线索,我们研究了连接性和对称性对数字感知的影响,既包括单独的影响,也包括与亮度相似性的影响。受试者在参考刺激物和测试刺激物之间进行数字差异比较任务。在实验 1 中,测试刺激包含两个孤立的分组(连通性或亮度)、一个组合(连通性和亮度)和一个中性条件(无分组)。结果显示,与中性条件相比,两种孤立分组条件下的主观平等点都更高。此外,在联合条件下,来自孤立分组线索的偏差呈线性增加,导致对数字的低估等于孤立偏差的总和。在实验 2 中,我们发现对称性和亮度的结合也遵循同样的加法规则。这些发现有力地表明,空间和非空间孤立线索都会影响数值感知。最重要的是,我们发现它们的连带效应延伸至对称性和连通性。
{"title":"The interplay between spatial and non-spatial grouping cues over approximate number perception","authors":"Andrea Adriano,&nbsp;Lorenzo Ciccione","doi":"10.3758/s13414-024-02908-4","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-024-02908-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Humans and animals share the cognitive ability to quickly extract approximate number information from sets. Main psychophysical models suggest that visual approximate numerosity relies on segmented units, which can be affected by Gestalt rules. Indeed, arrays containing <i>spatial</i> grouping cues, such as connectedness, closure, and even symmetry, are underestimated compared to ungrouped arrays with equal low-level features. Recent evidence suggests that <i>non-spatial</i> cues, such as color-similarity, also trigger numerosity underestimation. However, in natural vision, several grouping cues may coexist in the scene. Notably, conjunction of grouping cues (color and closure) reduces perceived numerosity following an additive rule. To test whether the conjunction-effect holds for other Gestalt cues, we investigated the effect of <i>connectedness</i> and <i>symmetry</i> over numerosity perception both in isolation and, critically, in conjunction with <i>luminance similarity</i>. Participants performed a comparison-task between a reference and a test stimulus varying in numerosity. In Experiment 1, test stimuli contained two isolated groupings (connectedness or luminance), a conjunction (connectedness and luminance), and a neutral condition (no groupings). Results show that point of subjective equality was higher in both isolated grouping conditions compared to the neutral condition. Furthermore, in the conjunction condition, the biases from isolated grouping cues added linearly, resulting in a numerosity underestimation equal to the sum of the isolated biases. In Experiment 2 we found that conjunction of symmetry and luminance followed the same additive rule. These findings strongly suggest that <i>both</i> spatial and non-spatial isolated cues affect numerosity perception. Crucially, we show that their conjunction effect extends to symmetry and connectedness.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141302146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Attention Perception & Psychophysics
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1