Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.amc.2025.129867
Yongxiang Yang , Lili Zhang , Liwei An
This paper considers the problem of fixed-time adaptive output feedback fault-tolerant control for a class of uncertain nonlinear pure-feedback systems with actuator failures. A fixed-time state observer is designed to estimate the system states and the fault parameters. Unlike conventional state observers with linear feedback terms, this observer employs high-order nonlinear feedback terms to achieve fixed-time stability of the estimation error. Based on this observer, a fixed-time adaptive controller is developed. The proposed control strategy ensures fixed-time stability of the system and guarantees that the tracking error converges to a predefined range.
{"title":"Fixed-time adaptive fault-tolerant control for uncertain nonlinear systems with actuator faults","authors":"Yongxiang Yang , Lili Zhang , Liwei An","doi":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper considers the problem of fixed-time adaptive output feedback fault-tolerant control for a class of uncertain nonlinear pure-feedback systems with actuator failures. A fixed-time state observer is designed to estimate the system states and the fault parameters. Unlike conventional state observers with linear feedback terms, this observer employs high-order nonlinear feedback terms to achieve fixed-time stability of the estimation error. Based on this observer, a fixed-time adaptive controller is developed. The proposed control strategy ensures fixed-time stability of the system and guarantees that the tracking error converges to a predefined range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55496,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematics and Computation","volume":"516 ","pages":"Article 129867"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2025-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.amc.2025.129868
Lei Tan , Xinmin Song , Yike Zhang
Recently, the unscented Kalman filter unbiased minimum variance-based (UKF-UMV) has been explored to address state estimation issues with unknown inputs and Gaussian noises. However, the performance of the UKF-UMV will degrade dramatically in the presence of non-Gaussian noises. To tackle this issue, this letter proposes a Gaussian kernel-based estimator called the maximum correntropy unscented simultaneous input and state estimator (MCUSISE). Firstly, the unscented transformation (UT) is applied to handle nonlinear propagation. Drawing on statistical linearization techniques (SLT), the nonlinear measurement function is converted into a linear regression equation (LRE). Then, two optimization problems based on the maximum correntropy criterion (MCC) are formulated to perform simultaneous input and state estimation (SISE). The optimal SISE is achieved by iteratively adjusting the gain matrices for input and state using fixed-point iterative algorithms (FPI). Moreover, no predefined assumptions or prior constraints are imposed on the unknown input, allowing it to take any model. Finally, simulation experiments validate that the proposed MCUSISE achieves improved performance when handling unknown inputs and non-Gaussian noises, particularly impulsive noises.
{"title":"Maximum correntropy unscented filter for simultaneous unknown input and state estimation under non-Gaussian disturbances","authors":"Lei Tan , Xinmin Song , Yike Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129868","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129868","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, the unscented Kalman filter unbiased minimum variance-based (UKF-UMV) has been explored to address state estimation issues with unknown inputs and Gaussian noises. However, the performance of the UKF-UMV will degrade dramatically in the presence of non-Gaussian noises. To tackle this issue, this letter proposes a Gaussian kernel-based estimator called the maximum correntropy unscented simultaneous input and state estimator (MCUSISE). Firstly, the unscented transformation (UT) is applied to handle nonlinear propagation. Drawing on statistical linearization techniques (SLT), the nonlinear measurement function is converted into a linear regression equation (LRE). Then, two optimization problems based on the maximum correntropy criterion (MCC) are formulated to perform simultaneous input and state estimation (SISE). The optimal SISE is achieved by iteratively adjusting the gain matrices for input and state using fixed-point iterative algorithms (FPI). Moreover, no predefined assumptions or prior constraints are imposed on the unknown input, allowing it to take any model. Finally, simulation experiments validate that the proposed MCUSISE achieves improved performance when handling unknown inputs and non-Gaussian noises, particularly impulsive noises.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55496,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematics and Computation","volume":"516 ","pages":"Article 129868"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145613958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.amc.2025.129866
Dipesh Barman , Ranjit Kumar Upadhyay
This study introduces and systematically analyzes the simultaneous impact of two biologically relevant delays-carryover delay (τ1) and fear-induced delay (τ2)-in three well-known predator-prey frameworks: Rosenzweig-MacArthur (RM), Leslie-Gower (LG), and Upadhyay-Rai (UR) models. The novelty lies in jointly incorporating these distinct ecological memory effects within delayed differential equations to uncover their contrasting dynamical roles. Analytical and numerical investigations reveal that carryover delay (τ1) has a stabilizing effect on unstable systems at moderate levels but induces periodic oscillations at higher values, while fear-induced delay (τ2) destabilizes otherwise stable dynamics without offering any stabilizing influence. Notably, the UR system exhibits a delay-induced blow-up in predator population due to strong behavioral feedback. Across all models, we observe a consistent stability-switching phenomenon governed by τ1, in contrast to the consistently destabilizing nature of τ2. Bifurcation analysis, phase portraits, and time series analysis demonstrate how these delays reshape system stability and oscillatory behavior. These findings offer new insight into delay-induced transitions in ecological models and underscore the contrasting roles of physiological and behavioral memory in shaping long-term population dynamics. These insights are supported through bifurcation diagrams and phase portraits, offering a visually intuitive understanding of system behavior and informing both theoretical ecology and ecosystem management.
{"title":"Impact of carryover and fear-induced delays on population dynamics: A cross-model stability and bifurcation investigation","authors":"Dipesh Barman , Ranjit Kumar Upadhyay","doi":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129866","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces and systematically analyzes the simultaneous impact of two biologically relevant delays-carryover delay (<em>τ</em><sub>1</sub>) and fear-induced delay (<em>τ</em><sub>2</sub>)-in three well-known predator-prey frameworks: Rosenzweig-MacArthur (RM), Leslie-Gower (LG), and Upadhyay-Rai (UR) models. The novelty lies in jointly incorporating these distinct ecological memory effects within delayed differential equations to uncover their contrasting dynamical roles. Analytical and numerical investigations reveal that carryover delay (<em>τ</em><sub>1</sub>) has a stabilizing effect on unstable systems at moderate levels but induces periodic oscillations at higher values, while fear-induced delay (<em>τ</em><sub>2</sub>) destabilizes otherwise stable dynamics without offering any stabilizing influence. Notably, the UR system exhibits a delay-induced blow-up in predator population due to strong behavioral feedback. Across all models, we observe a consistent <em>stability-switching phenomenon</em> governed by <em>τ</em><sub>1</sub>, in contrast to the consistently destabilizing nature of <em>τ</em><sub>2</sub>. Bifurcation analysis, phase portraits, and time series analysis demonstrate how these delays reshape system stability and oscillatory behavior. These findings offer new insight into delay-induced transitions in ecological models and underscore the contrasting roles of physiological and behavioral memory in shaping long-term population dynamics. These insights are supported through bifurcation diagrams and phase portraits, offering a visually intuitive understanding of system behavior and informing both theoretical ecology and ecosystem management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55496,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematics and Computation","volume":"516 ","pages":"Article 129866"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145657521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2025-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.amc.2025.129884
Xinyu Huang, Zheng Yan
A spanning tree of graph is called a homeomorphically irreducible spanning tree (HIST) if it does not contain vertices of degree 2. In this paper, we prove the following theorem. Any bipartite graph satisfying and has a HIST, where . Moreover, the condition on σ2(G) is sharp.
{"title":"Degree sum condition for bipartite graph to have homeomorphically irreducible spanning trees","authors":"Xinyu Huang, Zheng Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129884","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129884","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A spanning tree of graph is called a homeomorphically irreducible spanning tree (HIST) if it does not contain vertices of degree 2. In this paper, we prove the following theorem. Any bipartite graph <span><math><mrow><mi>G</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>(</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> satisfying <span><math><mrow><mn>6</mn><mo>≤</mo><mrow><mo>|</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>|</mo></mrow><mo>≤</mo><mrow><mo>|</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>|</mo></mrow><mo>≤</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>|</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>|</mo></mrow><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>σ</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>≥</mo><mrow><mo>|</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>|</mo></mrow><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span> has a HIST, where <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>σ</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>:</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>min</mi><mrow><mo>{</mo><msub><mi>d</mi><mi>G</mi></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>d</mi><mi>G</mi></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>y</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>|</mo><mi>x</mi><mi>y</mi><mo>∉</mo><mi>E</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>G</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>}</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>. Moreover, the condition on <em>σ</em><sub>2</sub>(<em>G</em>) is sharp.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55496,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematics and Computation","volume":"516 ","pages":"Article 129884"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2025-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.amc.2025.129877
Rui Hou , Li Jia , Xuhui Bu , Chen Peng
This paper investigates the secure control problem of networked wind-energy microgrids subject to hybrid attacks, including sensor false-data-injection (FDI) and aperiodic communication denial-of-service (DoS). To mitigate frequency deviations caused by parameter variations and load fluctuations, we propose a new control-oriented linear data mapping model based on parameter prediction and attack estimation to predict future outputs and control inputs for microgrid frequency regulation. Building on this, an adaptive control algorithm that integrates attack resilience and mitigation is designed to achieve frequency recovery. The main features are as follows: 1) development of a more general FDI attack model that relaxes boundedness constraints, along with a new high-order adaptive observer to estimate FDI attacks; 2) proposal of a novel compensation method that mitigates DoS attack effects by reconstructing hijacked packets using neuro-fuzzy prediction and adaptive estimation; 3) introduction of an online controller gain optimization strategy that integrates pseudo-partial-derivative predictions and attack parameters to enhance system resilience. The boundedness conditions for the frequency and duration of tolerable attacks are rigorously derived. Finally, the proposed strategy is validated through simulations on a dedicated test platform of energy big data.
{"title":"Data-driven co-design of adaptive FDI estimation and secure frequency predictive control for networked microgrids under hybrid cyberattacks","authors":"Rui Hou , Li Jia , Xuhui Bu , Chen Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the secure control problem of networked wind-energy microgrids subject to hybrid attacks, including sensor false-data-injection (FDI) and aperiodic communication denial-of-service (DoS). To mitigate frequency deviations caused by parameter variations and load fluctuations, we propose a new control-oriented linear data mapping model based on parameter prediction and attack estimation to predict future outputs and control inputs for microgrid frequency regulation. Building on this, an adaptive control algorithm that integrates attack resilience and mitigation is designed to achieve frequency recovery. The main features are as follows: 1) development of a more general FDI attack model that relaxes boundedness constraints, along with a new high-order adaptive observer to estimate FDI attacks; 2) proposal of a novel compensation method that mitigates DoS attack effects by reconstructing hijacked packets using neuro-fuzzy prediction and adaptive estimation; 3) introduction of an online controller gain optimization strategy that integrates pseudo-partial-derivative predictions and attack parameters to enhance system resilience. The boundedness conditions for the frequency and duration of tolerable attacks are rigorously derived. Finally, the proposed strategy is validated through simulations on a dedicated test platform of energy big data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55496,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematics and Computation","volume":"516 ","pages":"Article 129877"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2025-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.amc.2025.129885
Tian-Qi Zhang , Yin-Shan Yun , Yu-Shan Bai , Yan-Hong Bai
In this paper, the Lie symmetry analysis method is applied to study a fractional nonlinear diffusion equation (FNDE) with the Riemann-Liouville derivative that describes motion in visco-plastic materials. First, a classification theorem is provided, where the diffusion coefficient depends on the first-order spatial derivative term. These symmetries are then used to reduce the FNDE to a fractional ordinary differential equation (FODE) involving the Erdélyi-Kober fractional derivative. Finally, the Lie symmetry classification is extended to a more general equation with a spatially independent variable. The reductions achieved via Lie symmetry analysis provide a foundation for further investigation.
{"title":"Symmetry analysis and reduction of fractional nonlinear diffusion equations in visco-plastic materials","authors":"Tian-Qi Zhang , Yin-Shan Yun , Yu-Shan Bai , Yan-Hong Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129885","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129885","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, the Lie symmetry analysis method is applied to study a fractional nonlinear diffusion equation (FNDE) with the Riemann-Liouville derivative that describes motion in visco-plastic materials. First, a classification theorem is provided, where the diffusion coefficient depends on the first-order spatial derivative term. These symmetries are then used to reduce the FNDE to a fractional ordinary differential equation (FODE) involving the Erdélyi-Kober fractional derivative. Finally, the Lie symmetry classification is extended to a more general equation with a spatially independent variable. The reductions achieved via Lie symmetry analysis provide a foundation for further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55496,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematics and Computation","volume":"516 ","pages":"Article 129885"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2025-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.amc.2025.129871
Linshu Pan, Huifang Liu, Zemin Jin
A graph is called rainbow if any two edges in it are assigned distinct colors. Given two graphs K and G, the anti-Ramsey number, say AR(K, G), is the largest color number in an edge coloring of K without rainbow G. Denote by 4-cycles in a multipartite graph whose vertices come from exactly k different partite sets. In this paper we obtains the value of for .
{"title":"Rainbow multipartite C4 in 4-partite graphs","authors":"Linshu Pan, Huifang Liu, Zemin Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129871","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129871","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A graph is called <em>rainbow</em> if any two edges in it are assigned distinct colors. Given two graphs <em>K</em> and <em>G</em>, the anti-Ramsey number, say <em>AR</em>(<em>K, G</em>), is the largest color number in an edge coloring of <em>K</em> without rainbow <em>G</em>. Denote by <span><math><msubsup><mi>C</mi><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></msubsup></math></span> 4-cycles in a multipartite graph whose vertices come from exactly <em>k</em> different partite sets. In this paper we obtains the value of <span><math><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>R</mi><mo>(</mo><msub><mi>K</mi><mrow><msub><mi>n</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mi>n</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mi>n</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mi>n</mi><mn>4</mn></msub></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><msubsup><mi>C</mi><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></msubsup><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> for <span><math><mrow><mi>k</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></math></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55496,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematics and Computation","volume":"516 ","pages":"Article 129871"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145613989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2025-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.amc.2025.129876
Yang Cao , Zhijun Tan
In this paper, we present a novel space-time exponentially convergent collocation technique for variable-coefficient advection-diffusion-reaction equations with a Caputo time derivative of order α ∈ (0, 1]. The governing equation is reformulated as an equivalent weakly singular Volterra integro-differential form. A fully-discrete Sinc collocation scheme, leveraging a double exponential (DE) transformation for simultaneous approximation of temporal and spatial variables, their derivatives, and integrals, is then developed. Through matrix operations, this scheme yields a system of linear algebraic equations for the numerical solution. Explicit bounds for truncation errors and spatial discrete operators are established. Convergence result shows that the scheme achieves exponential convergence rates of in time and in space, where and are the temporal and spatial truncation parameters, respectively, and c and c′ are positive constants independent of these parameters. Numerical experiments validate the scheme’s accuracy and efficiency, confirming the theoretical space-time spectral accuracy even for problems with discontinuous coefficients or singularities. Comparisons with the single exponential (SE) transformation-based collocation method further demonstrate the superior accuracy and faster convergence rates of the proposed scheme.
{"title":"A space-time exponential convergence scheme for variable-coefficient time-fractional advection-diffusion-reaction equations based on double exponential transformation","authors":"Yang Cao , Zhijun Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129876","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we present a novel space-time exponentially convergent collocation technique for variable-coefficient advection-diffusion-reaction equations with a Caputo time derivative of order <em>α</em> ∈ (0, 1]. The governing equation is reformulated as an equivalent weakly singular Volterra integro-differential form. A fully-discrete Sinc collocation scheme, leveraging a double exponential (DE) transformation for simultaneous approximation of temporal and spatial variables, their derivatives, and integrals, is then developed. Through matrix operations, this scheme yields a system of linear algebraic equations for the numerical solution. Explicit bounds for truncation errors and spatial discrete operators are established. Convergence result shows that the scheme achieves exponential convergence rates of <span><math><mrow><mi>O</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>exp</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mo>−</mo><mi>c</mi><msub><mover><mi>N</mi><mo>˜</mo></mover><mi>t</mi></msub><mo>/</mo><mi>log</mi><msub><mover><mi>N</mi><mo>˜</mo></mover><mi>t</mi></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> in time and <span><math><mrow><mi>O</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>exp</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mo>−</mo><msup><mi>c</mi><mo>′</mo></msup><msub><mover><mi>N</mi><mo>˜</mo></mover><mi>x</mi></msub><mo>/</mo><mi>log</mi><msub><mover><mi>N</mi><mo>˜</mo></mover><mi>x</mi></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> in space, where <span><math><msub><mover><mi>N</mi><mo>˜</mo></mover><mi>t</mi></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mover><mi>N</mi><mo>˜</mo></mover><mi>x</mi></msub></math></span> are the temporal and spatial truncation parameters, respectively, and <em>c</em> and <em>c</em>′ are positive constants independent of these parameters. Numerical experiments validate the scheme’s accuracy and efficiency, confirming the theoretical space-time spectral accuracy even for problems with discontinuous coefficients or singularities. Comparisons with the single exponential (SE) transformation-based collocation method further demonstrate the superior accuracy and faster convergence rates of the proposed scheme.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55496,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematics and Computation","volume":"516 ","pages":"Article 129876"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.amc.2025.129873
Yu’e Wu , Zeyun Liu , Xinyu Wang , Anran Yin , Shuhua Zhang
Low carbon technology (LCT) is a vital solution for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, yet high emissions persist as a societal challenge despite extensive low-carbon (LC) policies. This research addresses this issue by proposing a novel synergistic incentive mechanism that integrates the public sectors, enterprises, and consumers, with a particular focus on their coordination and feedback-driven interactions. A key highlight of this study lies in the development of an evolutionary game framework that utilizes fraction-dependent fitness and pairwise comparison rule among three sectors, while emphasizing the impact of inter-sectoral feedback and interactions on cooperation. Our research indicates that: i) both positive feedback such as reputation rewards and environmental benefits and punishment can promote cooperation in all three sectors. ii) the coordination benefit and the incremental benefit also play positive roles in favoring cooperation. iii) the lower the randomness of individuals imitating others strategies, the faster the three sectors evolve towards cooperation. By emphasizing the role of sectoral coordination and feedback, this research provides a deeper understanding of how multi-sectoral cooperation can be achieved to support comprehensive LCT diffusion. The insights gained offer practical guidance for policymakers to design integrated strategies that leverage the synergies among sectors, ultimately dedicating to addressing the persistent challenge of high greenhouse gas emissions.
{"title":"Research on the diffusion of low-carbon technologies through trilateral evolutionary game based on incentive mechanisms","authors":"Yu’e Wu , Zeyun Liu , Xinyu Wang , Anran Yin , Shuhua Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129873","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amc.2025.129873","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low carbon technology (LCT) is a vital solution for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, yet high emissions persist as a societal challenge despite extensive low-carbon (LC) policies. This research addresses this issue by proposing a novel synergistic incentive mechanism that integrates the public sectors, enterprises, and consumers, with a particular focus on their coordination and feedback-driven interactions. A key highlight of this study lies in the development of an evolutionary game framework that utilizes fraction-dependent fitness and pairwise comparison rule among three sectors, while emphasizing the impact of inter-sectoral feedback and interactions on cooperation. Our research indicates that: i) both positive feedback such as reputation rewards and environmental benefits and punishment can promote cooperation in all three sectors. ii) the coordination benefit and the incremental benefit also play positive roles in favoring cooperation. iii) the lower the randomness of individuals imitating others strategies, the faster the three sectors evolve towards cooperation. By emphasizing the role of sectoral coordination and feedback, this research provides a deeper understanding of how multi-sectoral cooperation can be achieved to support comprehensive LCT diffusion. The insights gained offer practical guidance for policymakers to design integrated strategies that leverage the synergies among sectors, ultimately dedicating to addressing the persistent challenge of high greenhouse gas emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55496,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mathematics and Computation","volume":"516 ","pages":"Article 129873"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.amc.2025.129864
Alan N. Vilhena , Marcelo A. Pires , Rone N. Da Silva , Sílvio M. Duarte Queirós , Ana B.N. Ribeiro , Erveton P. Pinto
The ordinal pattern method offers a robust approach for capturing intricate temporal dependencies characteristic of complex systems. Despite its widespread application across diverse scientific domains, the potential of the ordinal methodology for characterizing the time series of fisheries science remains unexplored. We address this gap. Employing a framework based on ordinal measures, including entropy, complexity, and persistence, we elucidate the underlying patterns in the temporal evolution of marine fisheries landings across several Brazilian states. Our findings reveal significant regional variations in artisanal and industrial fishing yields, temporal correlations between these sectors, a notable propensity for the persistence of current trends, and a considerable level of unpredictability. This research highlights the utility of the ordinal pattern method as a valuable toolkit for understanding the intricate dynamics of fisheries systems.
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