Applied Ergonomics最新文献_第4页

An alternative 6-inch octave keyboard reduces forearm muscle activation level and improves finger postures in expert pianists with smaller hand spans 另一种6英寸的八度键盘可以减少前臂肌肉的激活水平，并改善手跨度较小的专业钢琴家的手指姿势。

IF 3.4 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Applied Ergonomics

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2025.104709

Craig Turner , Justine Pelletier , Robin Mailly , Luis Angel Rivera , Fabien Dal Maso , Mickaël Begon , Felipe Verdugo

A small hand span is a risk factor of musculoskeletal injuries in pianists. Alternatively sized keyboards are recommended to help smaller hand pianists reduce risk of injury. However, in comparison to a 6.5″ octave conventional keyboard, it is unclear if a 6.0” octave keyboard (DS6.0) reduces forearm muscle activations and no research has investigated if keyboard size impacts finger joint kinematics. The objective was to determine the effect of keyboard size and hand size on pianists’ right forearm muscle activation and finger joint posture when playing large handspan chords. Smaller hand pianists exhibited 11.2–13.8 % greater finger/wrist extensor activation and more abducted/less flexed finger postures compared to larger hand pianists. Smaller hand pianists playing on a DS6.0 reduced finger/wrist extensor activation by 2.5–3.2 %. Fifth finger posture was more flexed and less abducted. Results suggest that playing on a DS6.0 might reduce the exposure to risk of injury in pianists with smaller hands.

手的跨度小是钢琴家肌肉骨骼损伤的危险因素。建议使用其他尺寸的键盘，以帮助手较小的钢琴家减少受伤的风险。然而，与6.5″八度程的传统键盘相比，目前尚不清楚6.0”八度程键盘（DS6.0）是否会减少前臂肌肉的激活，也没有研究调查键盘尺寸是否会影响手指关节的运动学。目的是确定键盘尺寸和手尺寸对钢琴家弹奏大跨度和弦时右前臂肌肉激活和手指关节姿势的影响。与手较大的钢琴家相比，手较小的钢琴家表现出11.2- 13.8%的手指/手腕伸肌激活和更多的手指外展/更少的屈曲姿势。在DS6.0上弹奏的小手钢琴会使手指/手腕伸肌的激活减少2.5- 3.2%。无名指的姿势更弯曲，更少外展。结果表明，在DS6.0上弹奏可能会减少手较小的钢琴家受伤的风险。

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引用次数: 0

What drives the effective integration of lift assists in automotive assembly? Perspectives from operators, ergonomists, and manufacturers 在汽车装配中，是什么推动了升降机辅助装置的有效集成？操作员、人体工程学专家和制造商的观点

IF 3.4 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Applied Ergonomics

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2025.104711

Ahmad Raza Usmani , Sunwook Kim , Marty Smets , Maury A. Nussbaum

Automotive assembly workers experience elevated risks of work-related musculoskeletal disorders due to frequent material handling. Lift assists (LAs) can reduce these risks by offsetting payload weights. However, integrating LAs into complex workflows can be challenging, and workers may choose not to use LAs to achieve other objectives. We interviewed 16 operators, nine ergonomists, and six LA manufacturers to capture diverse viewpoints. Content analysis revealed perspectives on LA usability, design, implementation, and operational concerns. Operators noted physical demands in initiating, turning, or stopping LAs, and emphasized lightweight designs, simplified controls, and structured training. Ergonomists reported retrofitting LAs into workflows not designed for LAs, creating integration challenges. LA manufacturers described balancing ergonomic goals with operational demands and evolving requirements, emphasizing the need for better design feedback. Our findings suggest that heavy equipment, complex controls, and limited training hinder successful LA implementation; we offer recommendations to improve future LA design and implementation.

由于频繁的材料处理，汽车装配工人患与工作相关的肌肉骨骼疾病的风险增加。升力辅助装置（LAs）可以通过抵消有效载荷重量来降低这些风险。然而，将LAs集成到复杂的工作流中可能具有挑战性，并且工作人员可能选择不使用LAs来实现其他目标。我们采访了16位运营商、9位人体工程学专家和6家洛杉矶制造商，以获取不同的观点。内容分析揭示了LA可用性、设计、实现和操作关注点的观点。作业者注意到了启动、转向或停止LAs的物理要求，并强调了轻量化设计、简化控制和结构化培训。人类工效学家报告说，将LAs改造成不是为LAs设计的工作流程，会带来集成挑战。洛杉矶制造商描述了平衡人体工程学目标与操作需求和不断发展的需求，强调需要更好的设计反馈。我们的研究结果表明，重型设备、复杂的控制和有限的培训阻碍了LA的成功实施；我们提出了改进未来洛杉矶设计和实施的建议。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring biomechanical and metabolic determinants of lifting movement strategy 探索举重运动策略的生物力学和代谢决定因素

IF 3.4 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Applied Ergonomics

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2025.104701

William Zhao , Devon H. Frayne , Tyson A.C. Beach , Paolo B. Dominelli , Steven L. Fischer

We explored if lifters would adopt a spine sparing strategy when lifting heavier loads infrequently, and a metabolically cost-efficient strategy when lifting lighter loads more frequently. Twenty-six participants performed four 7-min bouts of lifting in high-load low-frequency and low-load high-frequency conditions. Participants chose self-selected lifting strategies for bouts 1 and 4 in each condition but were required to complete lifts using a stoop and squat for bouts 2 and 3 to sample a biomechanical and metabolic costs landscape. Whole-body kinematics, ground reaction forces, and oxygen consumption were collected to quantify peak sagittal low back moments,

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O₂ consumption, and lifting strategy. No significant differences were found in biomechanical and metabolic cost exposure variables between the first and last self-selected lifting bouts after an exploration period of a cost landscape. However, participants did adopt different movement strategies between conditions, biased toward a more metabolically cost-efficient stoop-like lift in the low-load high-frequency condition. This evidence indicates that metabolic cost likely plays a task specific role in shaping lifting strategy, an important finding for researchers developing digital human models aiming to predict how people might lift at work.

我们探讨了举重者在不频繁地举起重物时是否会采用脊椎保护策略，而在更频繁地举起重物时是否会采用代谢成本效益策略。26名参与者在高负荷低频和低负荷高频条件下进行了4次7分钟的举重。在每种情况下，参与者在第1和第4回合中选择了自选的举重策略，但在第2和第3回合中要求使用弯腰和蹲来完成举重，以采样生物力学和代谢成本景观。收集全身运动学、地面反作用力和耗氧量，以量化峰值矢状低背力矩、V˙耗氧量和举重策略。在探索了一段时间的成本格局后，在第一次和最后一次自选的举重比赛中，生物力学和代谢成本暴露变量没有发现显著差异。然而，参与者在不同的条件下确实采用了不同的运动策略，在低负荷高频条件下倾向于更具有代谢成本效益的弯腰举。这一证据表明，代谢成本可能在塑造举重策略方面发挥着特定任务的作用，这是研究人员开发旨在预测人们如何在工作中举重的数字人体模型的重要发现。

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引用次数: 0

Human back contour modeling for backrest design in future vehicles 面向未来车辆靠背设计的人体背部轮廓建模

IF 3.4 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Applied Ergonomics

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2025.104700

Anna Bokdam, Gerbera Vledder, Yu (Wolf) Song, Peter Vink

As automated vehicles evolve, seating designs must accommodate a wider range of postures, particularly for non-driving-related activities such as relaxing and sleeping. This study aims to model human back shapes in seated and reclined positions to improve ergonomic seat designs. Human back contour data were collected from 36 participants using a custom measurement device in two setups: a 25° backrest angle and a seat pan angle of 15°, simulating a driving posture, and a 50° backrest angle with the same seat pan angle, representing a reclined posture. Statistical Shape Models (SSMs) were developed to analyze the variability of back contours. The 25° setup exhibited a flatter spinal curve and higher compactness, capturing 79.7 % of the variance with the first principal component (PC1), compared to 74.6 % in the 50° setup. The combined setup balanced these differences, providing a comprehensive model for diverse postures. Overall, PC1, PC2, and PC3 together captured more than 96 % of total contour variance, indicating that variations in back height, neck bending, and lumbar prominence constitute the dominant sources of geometric diversity. These findings offer actionable dimensions for designing ergonomic backrests that support diverse users and postures. Future research should investigate whether implementing these guidelines enhances comfort and should include more diverse populations and a broader range of postures.

随着自动驾驶汽车的发展，座椅设计必须适应更广泛的姿势，特别是与驾驶无关的活动，如放松和睡觉。本研究的目的是模拟人体背部的形状，在坐姿和斜倚的位置，以改善人体工学座椅设计。研究人员使用定制的测量设备收集了36名参与者的人体背部轮廓数据，其中包括两种设置：25°靠背角度和15°座椅倾斜角度，模拟驾驶姿势，以及50°靠背角度和相同的座椅倾斜角度，代表倾斜姿势。统计形状模型（SSMs）被开发来分析背部轮廓的可变性。25°设置显示出更平坦的脊柱曲线和更高的密实度，与第一主成分（PC1）相比，捕获了79.7%的方差，而50°设置为74.6%。综合设置平衡了这些差异，为不同的姿势提供了一个全面的模型。总体而言，PC1、PC2和PC3共同捕获了总轮廓变异的96%以上，表明背部高度、颈部弯曲和腰椎突出的变异构成了几何多样性的主要来源。这些发现为设计符合人体工程学的靠背提供了可行的尺度，以支持不同的使用者和姿势。未来的研究应该调查实施这些指南是否能提高舒适度，并且应该包括更多样化的人群和更广泛的姿势。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing forearm exertion in manual tasks with surface EMG: A comparative analysis of through-forearm vs. muscle-specific EMG placements 用表面肌电图评估手工任务中前臂用力：通过前臂与肌肉特异性肌电图放置的比较分析。

IF 3.4 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Applied Ergonomics

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2025.104699

Xuelong Fan , Johan Rydgård , Liyun Yang , Peter J. Johansson

Background

Hand-intensive work is associated with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), highlighting the need to estimate external forearm loads. Surface electromyography (sEMG) with muscle-specific placements enables continuous load monitoring but has notable limitations. This study evaluated a novel through-forearm sEMG placement against traditional extensor and flexor placements for estimating force and perceived exertion during hand-intensive tasks.

Methods

Sixteen participants performed four tasks at five exertion levels. sEMG signals, self-rated exertion, and exerted force were recorded. Polynomial mixed-effects models estimated self-rated exertion and exerted force, while correlations between sEMG placements were analyzed.

Results

All sEMG placements predicted exertion and force with strong fit (R² > 0.95) and high precision. Through-forearm sEMG slightly outperformed extensor and flexor placements and was closely correlated with their signals.

Conclusion

Through-forearm sEMG offers marginally better performance for exertion estimation in manual tasks. Further research should explore individual calibration and task-specific methods for broader applications.

背景：手密集型工作与肌肉骨骼疾病（MSDs）相关，强调了估算前臂外负荷的必要性。具有肌肉特定位置的表面肌电图（sEMG）可以连续监测负荷，但有明显的局限性。本研究评估了一种新的通过前臂的肌电图放置方式，与传统的伸肌和屈肌放置方式相比，可以在手部密集型任务中评估力和感知用力。方法：16名参与者在5种运动水平下完成4项任务。记录表面肌电信号、自评用力和施加的力。多项式混合效应模型估计了自评用力和施加的力，同时分析了表面肌电信号放置之间的相关性。结果：所有表面肌图放置位置预测用力和力的拟合性强（R2 > 0.95），精度高。通过前臂的肌电图表现略优于伸肌和屈肌位置，并与它们的信号密切相关。结论：前臂肌电图对体力劳动的用力估计有较好的效果。进一步的研究应该探索个体校准和特定任务的方法，以获得更广泛的应用。

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引用次数: 0

An ergonomics study on side- and rear-view CMS display locations in two lane-changing scenarios 侧视和后视CMS显示位置在两种变道情况下的人机工程学研究。

IF 3.4 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Applied Ergonomics

Pub Date : 2025-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2025.104698

Jungmin Ryu , Donghyun Beck , Woojin Park

In an effort to address existing knowledge gaps in human factors research on camera monitor system (CMS) display layout, this study investigated the effects of side- and rear-view CMS display locations under two lane-changing scenarios with different levels of urgency. Fifty participants performed a simulated lane-changing task four times in each of 12 driving conditions (2 side-view display locations × 3 rear-view display locations × 2 driving scenarios), and their response time, number of collisions, eyes-off-the-road time, and subjective ratings (accuracy, learnability, memorability, intuitiveness, preference, and satisfaction) were collected. The study findings highlight the importance of aligning CMS display locations with driver's mental model by positioning the displays near the traditional mirror locations while minimizing eye gaze travel distances by positioning them close to driver's forward line of sight. Additionally, the relative importance of these two conflicting design characteristics may vary depending on the context-dependent roles of CMS displays.

为了解决当前人为因素对摄像头监控系统（CMS）显示布局的影响，研究了两种不同紧急程度变道场景下，侧视和后视摄像头监控系统（CMS）显示位置的影响。50名参与者在12种驾驶情况（2个侧视显示位置× 3个后视镜显示位置× 2种驾驶场景）中，每种情况下进行4次模拟变道任务，收集他们的反应时间、碰撞次数、视线离路时间和主观评分（准确性、可学习性、可记忆性、直观性、偏好和满意度）。研究结果强调了将CMS显示位置与驾驶员的心理模型对齐的重要性，通过将显示器定位在传统的镜子位置附近，同时通过将它们定位在靠近驾驶员前方视线的位置来最小化眼睛的凝视距离。此外，这两个相互冲突的设计特征的相对重要性可能因CMS显示的上下文相关角色而异。

引用次数: 0

Autonomy for whom? implications of cyber–physical mining systems for operator work and organisation 谁的自主权？网络物理采矿系统对操作员工作和组织的影响。

IF 3.4 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Applied Ergonomics

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2025.104684

Erik Lund

This paper examines the implementation of a cyber–physical mining system, the Autonomous Haulage System (AHS), from a work-system perspective. It explores how automation reconfigures the balance between human, technological, and organisational elements, with a focus on operator roles. Drawing on an explorative case study in an open-pit mine, the analysis applies Balance Theory to interpret how work and organisational relations are reshaped as autonomy is redistributed between humans and technology. Findings show that while the AHS contributes to improved safety and predictability, it also introduces greater work-task diversity and responsibility, increased standardisation and bureaucratisation, and reduced social interaction with emerging risks of isolation. Operators remain central to supervision, coordination, and adaptation, but their work becomes more procedural and dependent on organisational structures and formal routines. The study concludes that maintaining balance in cyber–physical mining systems is an ongoing organisational responsibility that relies on social cohesion, mutual trust, and continuous learning. Ultimately, the findings emphasise that the effectiveness of mining automation depends as much on collective engagement and organisational adaptation as on technological performance.

本文从工作系统的角度研究了网络物理采矿系统——自主运输系统（AHS）的实现。它探讨了自动化如何重新配置人、技术和组织元素之间的平衡，重点是操作员角色。在一个露天矿的探索性案例研究中，分析运用平衡理论来解释工作和组织关系如何在人与技术之间重新分配自主权时被重塑。研究结果表明，虽然AHS有助于提高安全性和可预测性，但它也带来了更大的工作任务多样性和责任，增加了标准化和官僚化，并减少了与新出现的孤立风险的社会互动。操作人员仍然是监督、协调和适应的核心，但他们的工作变得更加程序化，依赖于组织结构和正式的惯例。该研究的结论是，维持网络物理挖掘系统的平衡是一项持续的组织责任，它依赖于社会凝聚力、相互信任和持续学习。最终，研究结果强调，采矿自动化的有效性既取决于技术绩效，也取决于集体参与和组织适应。

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引用次数: 0

Firefighter gloves sizing: Coverage, practicality, and effectiveness 消防员手套的尺寸：覆盖面、实用性和有效性。

IF 3.4 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Applied Ergonomics

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2025.104696

Hongwei Hsiao , Rui Li , Mengying Zhang , Guowen Song

Despite recent updates to the NFPA standard for firefighter glove sizing, significant fit and coverage challenges persist due to gaps in data application and design translation. This study assessed the standard's ability to accommodate the firefighter population, examined optimal size gradations, and proposed an improved sizing scheme. Using 12 hand measurements from a stratified sample of 943 firefighters, the analysis employed data mapping, principal component analysis (PCA), clustering, and logistic regression. Results showed that 35.2 % of firefighter hands fall outside the seven required NFPA sizes. A refined seven-size system was developed using PCA and clustering, while preserving NFPA sizing conventions. Logistic regression established probability-based boundaries to better guide size selection for users. This study offers the most up-to-date analysis of glove sizing alternatives, providing hand-dimension specifications to help manufacturers optimize design, streamline production, reduce inventory complexity, and enhance glove accommodation for firefighters.

尽管最近更新了消防手套尺寸的NFPA标准，但由于数据应用和设计翻译方面的差距，仍然存在重大的适合性和覆盖挑战。本研究评估了该标准适应消防员人数的能力，检查了最佳尺寸等级，并提出了改进的尺寸方案。利用943名消防员分层样本的12个手部测量数据，采用数据映射、主成分分析（PCA）、聚类和逻辑回归进行分析。结果显示，35.2%的消防员的手落在七个要求的NFPA尺寸之外。在保留NFPA大小惯例的同时，使用PCA和聚类开发了一个精炼的七尺寸系统。逻辑回归建立了基于概率的边界，更好地指导用户选择尺寸。本研究提供了手套尺寸替代方案的最新分析，提供了手部尺寸规格，以帮助制造商优化设计，简化生产，降低库存复杂性，并提高消防员手套的适应性。

引用次数: 0

A top-of-flight stairway defect affects foot overhang on lower steps during stair descent 在楼梯下降过程中，楼梯顶部缺陷会影响脚在较低台阶上的悬垂

IF 3.4 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Applied Ergonomics

Pub Date : 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2025.104695

Benjamin S. Elkin , Roger E. Montgomery , Alison C. Novak , Gunter P. Siegmund

Falls during stair descent have been associated with non-uniformities in stair dimensions. A common stairway non-uniformity is the top-of-flight defect, where the rise and run dimensions of the uppermost step in a stairway differ from the subsequent lower steps. This defect has been described as hazardous, but its effect on foot placement and misstep risk in stair descent has not been studied. In this experimental study, we quantified foot overhang for adults (n = 27) descending a seven-step staircase with a top-of-flight defect compared to descending a uniform staircase. When the defect was present, an increase in foot overhang occurred on the third, fourth and fifth steps down the stairs (S3, S4, and S5; p < 0.05), two to four steps below the step containing the defect (S1). Given that increased foot overhang is associated with an increased risk of misstepping and falling, this finding provides a biomechanical explanation for falls that originate downstream from the defect and in a region of the stair where the geometry is uniform. Our findings provide support for requiring uniform stair geometry beginning at the upper landing, a common area where stair dimensions change in both new and existing construction and renovations.

楼梯下降过程中的跌倒与楼梯尺寸的不均匀性有关。一种常见的楼梯不均匀性是梯顶缺陷，即楼梯最上层台阶的上升和运行尺寸与随后较低的台阶不同。这一缺陷被认为是危险的，但其对足部放置和下楼梯时失足风险的影响尚未研究。在这项实验研究中，我们量化了成人（n = 27）下七阶楼梯时的脚悬垂，与下统一楼梯时的脚悬垂进行了比较。当缺陷出现时，在楼梯的第三级、第四级和第五级（S3、S4和S5； p < 0.05），比包含缺陷的台阶低2到4级（S1），脚部悬垂增加。鉴于足部悬垂的增加与失足和跌倒的风险增加有关，这一发现为源自缺陷下游和几何形状均匀的楼梯区域的跌倒提供了生物力学解释。我们的研究结果为从上层平台开始的统一楼梯几何形状提供了支持，这是一个公共区域，在新的和现有的建筑和翻新中，楼梯尺寸都会发生变化。

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引用次数: 0

Communicating minimal risk maneuvers to passengers in highly automated vehicles: Ensuring hedonic user experience with media rich in-vehicle HMIs 在高度自动化的车辆中，向乘客传达最小的风险操作：通过富媒体的车载人机界面确保愉悦的用户体验

IF 3.4 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Applied Ergonomics

Pub Date : 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2025.104697

Thorben Brandt, Marc Wilbrink, Michael Oehl

With the introduction of highly automated vehicles (HAV; SAE Level 4) driverless mobility systems may fundamentally change public transportation. For potential passengers of these systems, new situations may arise, leaving them without a driver to directly communicate with. This can be problematic when the driving automation is confronted with situations it might be unable to manage by itself, which would cause a minimal risk maneuver (MRM), e.g. a complete standstill of the vehicle. Some concepts enhance these systems with a remote assistant who can support the HAV, adding novelty to the transportation process. This increased novelty may result in user discomfort for passengers, causing a need for information systems that address this. One possibility to do so and to thus improve hedonic quality and thus comfort for passengers is by providing system transparency via a media rich in-vehicle Human-Machine Interface (iHMI), which provides information to passengers about the ADS and its processes. However, there is still a gap in research on the ideal communication mechanism to ensure good hedonic quality and comfort during these situations. We conducted a simulator study in virtual reality (VR), investigating interfaces based on media richness theory to address this issue. The interface provided a multi-layered iHMI consisting of transparency information presented with varying levels of media richness. In a block design, participants experienced three versions of an iHMI, one presenting information via text, another combining text and auditive presentation and a third adding a human avatar simulating Face-to-Face communication. After each scenario, participants completed questionnaires regarding understanding, predictability, trust and user experience. Study results reveal significant increases in the hedonic quality of user experience and trust towards the system for interfaces with increased media richness, providing a first step towards enhancing user comfort with iHMI in automated mobility systems during challenging situations for the automation system, such as MRM.

随着高度自动化车辆（HAV； SAE 4级）的引入，无人驾驶移动系统可能会从根本上改变公共交通。对于这些系统的潜在乘客来说，可能会出现新的情况，让他们没有司机直接沟通。当自动驾驶系统面临无法自行控制的情况时，这可能会产生问题，因为这会导致最小风险机动（MRM），例如车辆完全静止不动。一些概念通过远程助手支持HAV来增强这些系统，为运输过程增添新颖性。这种新颖性的增加可能会给乘客带来不适，从而需要解决这一问题的信息系统。一种可能的方法是通过富媒体的车载人机界面（iHMI）提供系统透明度，向乘客提供有关ADS及其流程的信息，从而提高乘客的享乐质量和舒适度。然而，在这些情况下，理想的沟通机制，以确保良好的享乐质量和舒适性的研究仍然存在空白。为了解决这一问题，我们在虚拟现实（VR）中进行了模拟器研究，研究了基于媒体丰富度理论的界面。该界面提供了一个多层次的iHMI，由不同级别的媒体丰富度呈现的透明信息组成。在分组设计中，参与者体验了三种版本的iHMI，一种通过文本呈现信息，另一种结合了文本和听觉呈现，第三种添加了模拟面对面交流的人类化身。在每个场景之后，参与者完成了关于理解、可预测性、信任和用户体验的问卷调查。研究结果显示，随着媒体丰富度的增加，用户体验的愉悦质量和对系统的信任显著增加，这为在自动化系统面临挑战的情况下（如MRM）提高自动化移动系统中iHMI的用户舒适度迈出了第一步。

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引用次数: 0