Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104386
P. Vink, G. Vledder, M. Smulders, Y. Song
To establish guidelines for sleeping space in vehicles, the sleeping postures of 189 participants are studied, 105 of them were asked to take the position in which they fall asleep and 84 have been asked to assume the position in which they lie most of the time. Seven percent slept on the stomach, 19% on the back and 74% on the side and 49% slept on the side with both legs flexed. For all participants a bed size of 200 × 90 cm will do. It is discussed that for one night while travelling a bed size of 171 × 76 cm might be sufficient as it results in a reasonably good sleep according to another study and in almost half of the cases in this study people sleep on the side with both legs folded. Apart from the sleeping space for a good sleep, attention is needed for a dark environment with a good temperature and relative silence.
{"title":"How do we sleep? Towards physical requirements for space and environment while travelling","authors":"P. Vink, G. Vledder, M. Smulders, Y. Song","doi":"10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To establish guidelines for sleeping space in vehicles, the sleeping postures of 189 participants are studied, 105 of them were asked to take the position in which they fall asleep and 84 have been asked to assume the position in which they lie most of the time. Seven percent slept on the stomach, 19% on the back and 74% on the side and 49% slept on the side with both legs flexed. For all participants a bed size of 200 × 90 cm will do. It is discussed that for one night while travelling a bed size of 171 × 76 cm might be sufficient as it results in a reasonably good sleep according to another study and in almost half of the cases in this study people sleep on the side with both legs folded. Apart from the sleeping space for a good sleep, attention is needed for a dark environment with a good temperature and relative silence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55502,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ergonomics","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 104386"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104397
Chen Peng , Chongfeng Wei , Albert Solernou , Marjan Hagenzieker , Natasha Merat
User comfort in higher-level Automated Vehicles (AVs, SAE Level 4+) is crucial for public acceptance. AV driving styles, characterised by vehicle kinematic and proxemic factors, affect user comfort, with “human-like” driving styles expected to provide natural feelings. We investigated a) how the kinematic and proxemic factors of an AV's driving style affect users' evaluation of comfort and naturalness, and b) how the similarities between automated and users' manual driving styles affect user evaluation.
Using a motion-based driving simulator, participants experienced three Level 4 automated driving styles: two human-like (defensive, aggressive) and one machine-like. They also manually drove the same route. Participants rated their comfort and naturalness of each automated controller, across twenty-four varied UK road sections. We calculated maximum absolute values of the kinematic and proxemic factors affecting the AV's driving styles in longitudinal, lateral, and vertical directions, for each road section, to characterise the automated driving styles. The Euclidean distance between AV and manual driving styles, in terms of kinematic and proxemic factors, was calculated to characterise the human-like driving style of the AV.
We used mixed-effects models to examine a) the effect of AV's kinematic and proxemic factors on the evaluation of comfort and naturalness, and b) how similarities between manual and automated driving styles affected the evaluation. Results showed significant effects of lateral and rotational kinematic factors on comfort and naturalness, with longitudinal kinematic factors having a less prominent effect. Similarities in vehicle metrics, such as speed, longitudinal jerk, lateral offset, and yaw, between manual and automated driving styles, enhanced user comfort and naturalness.
This research facilitates an understanding of how control features of AVs affect user experience, contributing to the design of user-centred controllers and better acceptance of higher-level AVs.
高级自动驾驶汽车（AV，SAE 4+级）的用户舒适度对公众接受度至关重要。以车辆运动学和近似因素为特征的自动驾驶汽车驾驶风格会影响用户舒适度，而 "类人 "驾驶风格有望提供自然感受。我们研究了 a) 自动驾驶汽车驾驶风格的运动学和近似因素如何影响用户对舒适度和自然度的评价，以及 b) 自动驾驶风格和用户手动驾驶风格之间的相似性如何影响用户评价。他们还手动驾驶了相同的路线。在英国的 24 个不同路段，参与者对每个自动控制器的舒适度和自然度进行了评分。我们计算了每个路段中影响自动驾驶汽车驾驶风格的纵向、横向和垂直方向的运动学和近程因素的最大绝对值，以描述自动驾驶汽车的驾驶风格。我们使用混合效应模型研究了 a) AV 的运动学和近似因素对舒适性和自然性评价的影响，以及 b) 手动和自动驾驶风格之间的相似性如何影响评价。结果表明，横向和旋转运动学因素对舒适性和自然度有明显影响，纵向运动学因素的影响则不太明显。手动和自动驾驶方式在速度、纵向颠簸、横向偏移和偏航等车辆指标上的相似性提高了用户的舒适度和自然度。这项研究有助于了解自动驾驶汽车的控制功能如何影响用户体验，从而有助于设计以用户为中心的控制器，并提高人们对更高级自动驾驶汽车的接受程度。
{"title":"User comfort and naturalness of automated driving: The effect of vehicle kinematic and proxemic factors on subjective response","authors":"Chen Peng , Chongfeng Wei , Albert Solernou , Marjan Hagenzieker , Natasha Merat","doi":"10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>User comfort in higher-level Automated Vehicles (AVs, SAE Level 4+) is crucial for public acceptance. AV driving styles, characterised by vehicle kinematic and proxemic factors, affect user comfort, with “human-like” driving styles expected to provide natural feelings. We investigated a) how the kinematic and proxemic factors of an AV's driving style affect users' evaluation of comfort and naturalness, and b) how the similarities between automated and users' manual driving styles affect user evaluation.</div><div>Using a motion-based driving simulator, participants experienced three Level 4 automated driving styles: two human-like (defensive, aggressive) and one machine-like. They also manually drove the same route. Participants rated their comfort and naturalness of each automated controller, across twenty-four varied UK road sections. We calculated maximum absolute values of the kinematic and proxemic factors affecting the AV's driving styles in longitudinal, lateral, and vertical directions, for each road section, to characterise the automated driving styles. The Euclidean distance between AV and manual driving styles, in terms of kinematic and proxemic factors, was calculated to characterise the human-like driving style of the AV.</div><div>We used mixed-effects models to examine a) the effect of AV's kinematic and proxemic factors on the evaluation of comfort and naturalness, and b) how similarities between manual and automated driving styles affected the evaluation. Results showed significant effects of lateral and rotational kinematic factors on comfort and naturalness, with longitudinal kinematic factors having a less prominent effect. Similarities in vehicle metrics, such as speed, longitudinal jerk, lateral offset, and yaw, between manual and automated driving styles, enhanced user comfort and naturalness.</div><div>This research facilitates an understanding of how control features of AVs affect user experience, contributing to the design of user-centred controllers and better acceptance of higher-level AVs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55502,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ergonomics","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 104397"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104392
Ann Carrigan , D. Jane Holmes-Walker , Kaye Farrell , Ann M. Maguire , Hilda Bø Lyng , Siri Wiig , Veslemøy Guise , Janet C. Long , Louise A. Ellis , Shalini Wijekulasuriya , Putu Novi Arfirsta Dharmayani , Nehal Singh , Zach Simone , Elizabeth Davis , Timothy W. Jones , Jeffrey Braithwaite , Yvonne Zurynski
A type 1 diabetes (T1D) transition clinic in Sydney, Australia, provides age specific care for young adults (aged 16–25 years) and for adults (aged 21 years and above), and has reported improved clinical outcomes post transition to adult care over a 21-year period. This study investigated the contribution of digital technology to long-term resilient capacity of the clinic. Clinic observations and interviews with eight providers and 17 young adults were conducted. Using a framework to analyze resilient capacity in healthcare, seven strong themes emerged from the data: Leadership, Involvement, Communication, Coordination, Risk Awareness, Competence and Alignment with three themes, Structure, Learning and Facilitators also supported. Patient service adaptations included offering out of hours appointment times and telehealth to accommodate young adults’ availability. This study provides evidence for the important role that digital technologies contribute to a system of care with capacity for resilience. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the factors needed to support young adults with T1D and may be valuable to inform models of care for young adults living with other chronic health conditions.
{"title":"Contributions of digital technologies for resilience capacity in a type 1 diabetes transition clinic: A qualitative study","authors":"Ann Carrigan , D. Jane Holmes-Walker , Kaye Farrell , Ann M. Maguire , Hilda Bø Lyng , Siri Wiig , Veslemøy Guise , Janet C. Long , Louise A. Ellis , Shalini Wijekulasuriya , Putu Novi Arfirsta Dharmayani , Nehal Singh , Zach Simone , Elizabeth Davis , Timothy W. Jones , Jeffrey Braithwaite , Yvonne Zurynski","doi":"10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A type 1 diabetes (T1D) transition clinic in Sydney, Australia, provides age specific care for young adults (aged 16–25 years) and for adults (aged 21 years and above), and has reported improved clinical outcomes post transition to adult care over a 21-year period. This study investigated the contribution of digital technology to long-term resilient capacity of the clinic. Clinic observations and interviews with eight providers and 17 young adults were conducted. Using a framework to analyze resilient capacity in healthcare, seven strong themes emerged from the data: Leadership, Involvement, Communication, Coordination, Risk Awareness, Competence and Alignment with three themes, Structure, Learning and Facilitators also supported. Patient service adaptations included offering out of hours appointment times and telehealth to accommodate young adults’ availability. This study provides evidence for the important role that digital technologies contribute to a system of care with capacity for resilience. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the factors needed to support young adults with T1D and may be valuable to inform models of care for young adults living with other chronic health conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55502,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ergonomics","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 104392"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142323538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104394
Alex Muhl-Richardson , Maximilian G. Parker , Greg Davis
New computed tomography and image enhancement technologies are increasingly used in cabin baggage screening at airports. The current work sought to establish whether these technological advancements had pushed beyond human psychological capability by examining the impact of different image enhancements on threat detection. Sixty-one naïve adults participated in an online study and received targetless search training before being tested in a simulated baggage screening task - in addition to three-dimensional images this task incorporated two-dimensional slice views, material stripping and zoom functionality. The two-dimensional slice view improved threat detection sensitivity and lowered response criterion relative to a standard three-dimensional image, as screeners found dangerous items they had initially missed, likely due to improved ability to resolve superposition or identify edges. In contrast, material stripping and zoom did not impact sensitivity, criterion or screeners’ confidence in their responses, suggesting that they contributed no additional informational value.
{"title":"An evaluation of image enhancements in three-dimensional computed tomography baggage screening","authors":"Alex Muhl-Richardson , Maximilian G. Parker , Greg Davis","doi":"10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>New computed tomography and image enhancement technologies are increasingly used in cabin baggage screening at airports. The current work sought to establish whether these technological advancements had pushed beyond human psychological capability by examining the impact of different image enhancements on threat detection. Sixty-one naïve adults participated in an online study and received targetless search training before being tested in a simulated baggage screening task - in addition to three-dimensional images this task incorporated two-dimensional slice views, material stripping and zoom functionality. The two-dimensional slice view improved threat detection sensitivity and lowered response criterion relative to a standard three-dimensional image, as screeners found dangerous items they had initially missed, likely due to improved ability to resolve superposition or identify edges. In contrast, material stripping and zoom did not impact sensitivity, criterion or screeners’ confidence in their responses, suggesting that they contributed no additional informational value.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55502,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ergonomics","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 104394"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142320363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104393
Marc Dufraisse , Julien Cegarra , Jean-Jacques Atain Kouadio , Isabelle Clerc-Urmès , Liên Wioland
Occupational exoskeletons hold promise in preventing musculoskeletal disorders, but their effectiveness relies on their long-term use by workers.
This study aims to characterize the adoption process of occupational exoskeletons by analyzing the experiences of 25 operators. Using a mixed-methods approach, both quantitative and qualitative data were collected before and during a four-week familiarization period. We primarily focused on users' expectations, subjective assessments over time, and initial experiences.
Findings elucidate shifts in operators' perceptions of the devices over time. Through their narratives, we highlight how exoskeleton use impact operators' movements and the subsequent adaptations. Operators demonstrated diverse exploratory behaviors, indicating their efforts to get to grips with the effects of exoskeletons in their own ways.
This study offers insights into the initial stages of occupational exoskeleton adoption, thus enriching our comprehension of rejection patterns and pathways toward their widespread acceptance.
{"title":"From unknown to familiar: An exploratory longitudinal field study on occupational exoskeletons adoption","authors":"Marc Dufraisse , Julien Cegarra , Jean-Jacques Atain Kouadio , Isabelle Clerc-Urmès , Liên Wioland","doi":"10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Occupational exoskeletons hold promise in preventing musculoskeletal disorders, but their effectiveness relies on their long-term use by workers.</div><div>This study aims to characterize the adoption process of occupational exoskeletons by analyzing the experiences of 25 operators. Using a mixed-methods approach, both quantitative and qualitative data were collected before and during a four-week familiarization period. We primarily focused on users' expectations, subjective assessments over time, and initial experiences.</div><div>Findings elucidate shifts in operators' perceptions of the devices over time. Through their narratives, we highlight how exoskeleton use impact operators' movements and the subsequent adaptations. Operators demonstrated diverse exploratory behaviors, indicating their efforts to get to grips with the effects of exoskeletons in their own ways.</div><div>This study offers insights into the initial stages of occupational exoskeleton adoption, thus enriching our comprehension of rejection patterns and pathways toward their widespread acceptance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55502,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ergonomics","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 104393"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142320365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104395
Amelie Reitmayer , Sebastian Clark Koth , Bilge Kobas , Kelly R. Johnstone , Margaret M. Cook , Cassandra Madigan , Thomas Auer
In the design of buildings with minimal environmental impact, the incorporation of higher energy flexibility is becoming increasingly relevant. This approach is associated with dynamic modulations in setpoint temperatures. Until now, a link between indoor temperatures and cognitive performance of workers has been assumed, leading to high energy consumption and overcooling of office environments in summer conditions. However, research focusing on the relationship between thermal indoor environments and cognitive performance has rarely considered the influence of dynamic temperatures or temporal effects. This is the first experimental study aiming to understand the impact of temperature in relation to time of day on the subjective perception of cognitive load and performance under various thermal conditions in real-world office environments. The results indicated no observable relationship between temperature setpoints (25–30 °C) and cognitive performance. Instead, the temporal dynamics of cooling rather than fixed and static temperature setpoints appeared to have an impact.
{"title":"Effects of dynamic thermal conditioning on cognitive load and performance in an office environment","authors":"Amelie Reitmayer , Sebastian Clark Koth , Bilge Kobas , Kelly R. Johnstone , Margaret M. Cook , Cassandra Madigan , Thomas Auer","doi":"10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the design of buildings with minimal environmental impact, the incorporation of higher energy flexibility is becoming increasingly relevant. This approach is associated with dynamic modulations in setpoint temperatures. Until now, a link between indoor temperatures and cognitive performance of workers has been assumed, leading to high energy consumption and overcooling of office environments in summer conditions. However, research focusing on the relationship between thermal indoor environments and cognitive performance has rarely considered the influence of dynamic temperatures or temporal effects. This is the first experimental study aiming to understand the impact of temperature in relation to time of day on the subjective perception of cognitive load and performance under various thermal conditions in real-world office environments. The results indicated no observable relationship between temperature setpoints (25–30 °C) and cognitive performance. Instead, the temporal dynamics of cooling rather than fixed and static temperature setpoints appeared to have an impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55502,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ergonomics","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 104395"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142320364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-20DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104388
Kate P. Hutchins , Matthew J. Maley , Aaron J.E. Bach , Kelly L. Stewart , Geoffrey M. Minett , Ian B. Stewart
Background
Explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) technicians may be required to work in hot, humid environments while wearing heavy protective clothing. We investigated the ability of an ice vest to attenuate physiological strain and subsequently extend work tolerance.
Methods
Eight male participants (24.3 ± 4.1 yr, 51.9 ± 4.6 mL kg−1 min−1) walked (4.5 km h−1) in simulated hot and humid conditions (35 °C; 50% relative humidity). Participants wore either an EOD suit (CON) or EOD and ice vest (IV). Heart rate, core and skin temperature were recorded continuously.
Results
Participants walked longer in IV compared to CON (8.1 ± 7.4 min, p < .05). Over 90% of trials were terminated based on participants reaching 90% of their maximum heart rate. IV resulted in cooled skin (p < .001) and a physiologically negligible change in core temperature (p < .001). A condition by time interaction was identified for heart rate (p < .001), with a lower rate of rise in the IV condition.
Conclusions
The cardiovascular inefficiency that limited performance was attenuated in the IV condition. The ice vest facilitated heat loss from the periphery; thus, the observed reduction in heart rate may reflect the preservation of central blood volume. The results identify the efficiency of a simple, inexpensive ice vest to assist EOD technicians working in the heat.
{"title":"Ice vests extend physiological work time while wearing explosive ordnance disposal protective clothing in hot and humid conditions","authors":"Kate P. Hutchins , Matthew J. Maley , Aaron J.E. Bach , Kelly L. Stewart , Geoffrey M. Minett , Ian B. Stewart","doi":"10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) technicians may be required to work in hot, humid environments while wearing heavy protective clothing. We investigated the ability of an ice vest to attenuate physiological strain and subsequently extend work tolerance.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Eight male participants (24.3 ± 4.1 yr, 51.9 ± 4.6 mL kg<sup>−1</sup> min<sup>−1</sup>) walked (4.5 km h<sup>−1</sup>) in simulated hot and humid conditions (35 °C; 50% relative humidity). Participants wore either an EOD suit (CON) or EOD and ice vest (IV). Heart rate, core and skin temperature were recorded continuously.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Participants walked longer in IV compared to CON (8.1 ± 7.4 min, p < .05). Over 90% of trials were terminated based on participants reaching 90% of their maximum heart rate. IV resulted in cooled skin (p < .001) and a physiologically negligible change in core temperature (p < .001). A condition by time interaction was identified for heart rate (p < .001), with a lower rate of rise in the IV condition.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The cardiovascular inefficiency that limited performance was attenuated in the IV condition. The ice vest facilitated heat loss from the periphery; thus, the observed reduction in heart rate may reflect the preservation of central blood volume. The results identify the efficiency of a simple, inexpensive ice vest to assist EOD technicians working in the heat.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55502,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ergonomics","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 104388"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003687024001650/pdfft?md5=501a7a83a53ab7c29fd0086ccd21fd29&pid=1-s2.0-S0003687024001650-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In studies aimed at developing avoidance strategies to reduce motion sickness (kinetosis) in autonomous vehicles, failing to account for the wide variability in individual kinetosis susceptibility can lead to inaccuracies and disregard effective countermeasures. Three methods for assessing individual susceptibility to carsickness – two questionnaires focusing on kinetosis experiences and a kinetosis-provoking lab test – were compared with the development of kinetosis during real car driving tests. Questions about car-specific kinetosis-provoking situations (MS-C) exhibit stronger correlations with kinetosis in car experiments compared to the commonly used questions about kinetosis experiences across different types of transportation (MS-VD). While lab-based testing remains highly reliable, especially considering men's tendency to underestimate their carsickness susceptibility in questionnaires, MS-C provides a valuable compromise in terms of technical and time expenses. These findings can also be used to assist passengers of autonomous driving cars in accurately assessing their sensitivity and activating customized countermeasure functions.
{"title":"Comparison of different methods for categorizing the individual susceptibility to motion sickness – A carsickness study","authors":"Andreas Hartmann , Steffen Müller , Christiane Cyberski , Uwe Schönfeld","doi":"10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In studies aimed at developing avoidance strategies to reduce motion sickness (kinetosis) in autonomous vehicles, failing to account for the wide variability in individual kinetosis susceptibility can lead to inaccuracies and disregard effective countermeasures. Three methods for assessing individual susceptibility to carsickness – two questionnaires focusing on kinetosis experiences and a kinetosis-provoking lab test – were compared with the development of kinetosis during real car driving tests. Questions about car-specific kinetosis-provoking situations (MS-C) exhibit stronger correlations with kinetosis in car experiments compared to the commonly used questions about kinetosis experiences across different types of transportation (MS-VD). While lab-based testing remains highly reliable, especially considering men's tendency to underestimate their carsickness susceptibility in questionnaires, MS-C provides a valuable compromise in terms of technical and time expenses. These findings can also be used to assist passengers of autonomous driving cars in accurately assessing their sensitivity and activating customized countermeasure functions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55502,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ergonomics","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 104389"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003687024001662/pdfft?md5=7a9fcd9dabe30bf0efad3dffc445af5d&pid=1-s2.0-S0003687024001662-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104390
Hongwei Hsiao
Grip strength (GS) plays a vital role for law enforcement officers (LEOs). This study aimed to establish a baseline for LEO GS, compare it with the general population, determine the correlation between LEO GS and body dimensions, and evaluate the implications for occupational performance. A total of 756 male and 218 female LEOs from across the U.S. participated in the study. On average, male LEOs exhibit stronger GS (49.53 kg) than female officers (32.14 kg). Significant differences between LEOs and the general population were observed. GS correlated with hand breadth, hand length, stature, and bideltoid breadth. Approximately 26%–46% of males and 5%–39% of females were identified as being at risk of health, fit, or occupational performance based on their measured GS. Enhancing GS training or avoiding implementing heavy equipment (such as pistols with heavy trigger weight), could improve officer occupational performance, safety, or health.
握力（GS）对执法人员（LEOs）起着至关重要的作用。本研究旨在确定执法人员握力的基线，将其与普通人群进行比较，确定执法人员握力与身体尺寸之间的相关性，并评估其对职业表现的影响。共有来自美国各地的 756 名男性和 218 名女性 LEO 参与了这项研究。平均而言，男性 LEO 的 GS（49.53 千克）强于女性警官（32.14 千克）。研究发现，执法人员与普通人群之间存在显著差异。GS与手宽、手长、身材和盾形肌宽度相关。根据测量的 GS 值，约有 26%-46% 的男性和 5%-39% 的女性被确定为存在健康、体能或职业表现风险。加强GS训练或避免使用重型装备（如扳机重量大的手枪），可以改善军官的职业表现、安全或健康状况。
{"title":"Grip strength of law enforcement officers and its implications","authors":"Hongwei Hsiao","doi":"10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Grip strength (GS) plays a vital role for law enforcement officers (LEOs). This study aimed to establish a baseline for LEO GS, compare it with the general population, determine the correlation between LEO GS and body dimensions, and evaluate the implications for occupational performance. A total of 756 male and 218 female LEOs from across the U.S. participated in the study. On average, male LEOs exhibit stronger GS (49.53 kg) than female officers (32.14 kg). Significant differences between LEOs and the general population were observed. GS correlated with hand breadth, hand length, stature, and bideltoid breadth. Approximately 26%–46% of males and 5%–39% of females were identified as being at risk of health, fit, or occupational performance based on their measured GS. Enhancing GS training or avoiding implementing heavy equipment (such as pistols with heavy trigger weight), could improve officer occupational performance, safety, or health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55502,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ergonomics","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 104390"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003687024001674/pdfft?md5=9ba17b3a92da25d7eeaea9dc645311ef&pid=1-s2.0-S0003687024001674-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104382
Brandon J. King , Gemma J.M. Read , Paul M. Salmon
The introduction of advanced digital technologies continues to increase system complexity and introduce risks, which must be proactively identified and managed to support system resilience. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are one such technology; however, the risks arising from broad societal use of the technology have yet to be identified and controlled. This study applied a structured systems thinking-based risk assessment method to prospectively identify risks and risk controls for a hypothetical future BCI system lifecycle. The application of the Networked Hazard Analysis and Risk Management System (Net-HARMS) method identified over 800 risks throughout the BCI system lifecycle, from BCI development and regulation through to BCI use, maintenance, and decommissioning. High-criticality risk themes include the implantation and degradation of unsafe BCIs, unsolicited brain stimulation, incorrect signals being sent to safety-critical technologies, and insufficiently supported BCI users. Over 600 risk controls were identified that could be implemented to support system safety and performance resilience. Overall, many highly-impactful BCI system safety and performance risks may arise throughout the BCI system lifecycle and will require collaborative efforts from a wide range of BCI stakeholders to adequately control. Whilst some of the identified controls are practical, work is required to develop a more systematic set of controls to best support the design of a resilient sociotechnical BCI system.
{"title":"Prospectively identifying risks and controls for advanced brain-computer interfaces: A Networked Hazard Analysis and Risk Management System (Net-HARMS) approach","authors":"Brandon J. King , Gemma J.M. Read , Paul M. Salmon","doi":"10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The introduction of advanced digital technologies continues to increase system complexity and introduce risks, which must be proactively identified and managed to support system resilience. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are one such technology; however, the risks arising from broad societal use of the technology have yet to be identified and controlled. This study applied a structured systems thinking-based risk assessment method to prospectively identify risks and risk controls for a hypothetical future BCI system lifecycle. The application of the Networked Hazard Analysis and Risk Management System (Net-HARMS) method identified over 800 risks throughout the BCI system lifecycle, from BCI development and regulation through to BCI use, maintenance, and decommissioning. High-criticality risk themes include the implantation and degradation of unsafe BCIs, unsolicited brain stimulation, incorrect signals being sent to safety-critical technologies, and insufficiently supported BCI users. Over 600 risk controls were identified that could be implemented to support system safety and performance resilience. Overall, many highly-impactful BCI system safety and performance risks may arise throughout the BCI system lifecycle and will require collaborative efforts from a wide range of BCI stakeholders to adequately control. Whilst some of the identified controls are practical, work is required to develop a more systematic set of controls to best support the design of a resilient sociotechnical BCI system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55502,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ergonomics","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 104382"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003687024001595/pdfft?md5=abcf56f6a3cbfe698ad11bd54250be49&pid=1-s2.0-S0003687024001595-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142168759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号