A thermodynamic, economic and environmental analysis of a regasification system including a simple Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) and an Open Organic Rankine Cycle (OC) to utilise the liquefied natural gas (LNG) cold energy is carried out in the present paper. The proposed system, called ORC-OC, uses ambient seawater as heat source (open loop) and is implemented on board a Floating Storage Regasification Unit (FSRU) in order to reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with the electricity generation plant, i.e., dual fuel (DF) engines. Regarding the ORC working fluids analysed, an ethane/propane zeotropic mixture is applied. The ORC-OC is compared with the simple ORC architecture, giving the first one better energy (lower specific energy consumption), exergy (higher exergy efficiency) and environmental (lower CO2e emissions) results. When compared to the regasification systems installed on board, the ORC-OC system reduces the specific energy consumption by 86.99 % and increases the exergy efficiency by 17.82 % with respect to the most efficient conventional system installed on FSRUs (direct seawater regasification system), leading to a reduction of CO2e emissions of more than 80 %. In addition, the ORC-OC system is more cost-effective than conventional regasification systems when the LNG price is above 6,508 USD/MMBtu.
{"title":"Energy, exergy, economic and environmental analysis of a regasification system integrating simple ORC and LNG open power cycle in floating storage regasification units","authors":"Manuel Naveiro","doi":"10.21278/brod74203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21278/brod74203","url":null,"abstract":"A thermodynamic, economic and environmental analysis of a regasification system including a simple Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) and an Open Organic Rankine Cycle (OC) to utilise the liquefied natural gas (LNG) cold energy is carried out in the present paper. The proposed system, called ORC-OC, uses ambient seawater as heat source (open loop) and is implemented on board a Floating Storage Regasification Unit (FSRU) in order to reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with the electricity generation plant, i.e., dual fuel (DF) engines. Regarding the ORC working fluids analysed, an ethane/propane zeotropic mixture is applied. The ORC-OC is compared with the simple ORC architecture, giving the first one better energy (lower specific energy consumption), exergy (higher exergy efficiency) and environmental (lower CO2e emissions) results. When compared to the regasification systems installed on board, the ORC-OC system reduces the specific energy consumption by 86.99 % and increases the exergy efficiency by 17.82 % with respect to the most efficient conventional system installed on FSRUs (direct seawater regasification system), leading to a reduction of CO2e emissions of more than 80 %. In addition, the ORC-OC system is more cost-effective than conventional regasification systems when the LNG price is above 6,508 USD/MMBtu.","PeriodicalId":55594,"journal":{"name":"Brodogradnja","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42577904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Assisting harbour tugboats are essential for safe navigation in ports and for berthing/unberthing operations. Because the port infrastructure needs to be updated in the coming age of autonomous ships, autonomous tugboats or remotely controlled tugboats are expected to be part of the navigation assistance provided by future ports. Although there have been some studies on the design of cooperative control of tugboats, few studies have focused on the mathematical model of their cooperative manoeuvres. Particularly, in the case of pushing assistance, tugboats have often been treated simply as a kind of side thrusters attached to the assisted ship. Thus, we present a new framework of the mathematical model for cooperative manoeuvres that considers the coupled motions among tugboats and a ship as precisely as possible. Solving the dynamics of all tugboats as well as the assisted ship can render the model more advanced and realistic, and is the most significant contribution of this study. The simulation tool based on the proposed model can be used as a plant model in designing and verifying the tugboat’s manoeuvring control system in the future. In this study, as examples, considering a tentative control method, some unique scenarios were simulated to demonstrate the cooperative manoeuvres.
{"title":"Mathematical model and simulation of cooperative manoeuvres among a ship and tugboats","authors":"M. Sano","doi":"10.21278/brod74207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21278/brod74207","url":null,"abstract":"Assisting harbour tugboats are essential for safe navigation in ports and for berthing/unberthing operations. Because the port infrastructure needs to be updated in the coming age of autonomous ships, autonomous tugboats or remotely controlled tugboats are expected to be part of the navigation assistance provided by future ports. Although there have been some studies on the design of cooperative control of tugboats, few studies have focused on the mathematical model of their cooperative manoeuvres. Particularly, in the case of pushing assistance, tugboats have often been treated simply as a kind of side thrusters attached to the assisted ship. Thus, we present a new framework of the mathematical model for cooperative manoeuvres that considers the coupled motions among tugboats and a ship as precisely as possible. Solving the dynamics of all tugboats as well as the assisted ship can render the model more advanced and realistic, and is the most significant contribution of this study. The simulation tool based on the proposed model can be used as a plant model in designing and verifying the tugboat’s manoeuvring control system in the future. In this study, as examples, considering a tentative control method, some unique scenarios were simulated to demonstrate the cooperative manoeuvres.","PeriodicalId":55594,"journal":{"name":"Brodogradnja","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48292867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhiguang Wang, Zhaoyu Wei, Caoyang Yu, Junjun Cao, Baoheng Yao, L. Lian
The positive buoyancy diving autonomous vehicle combines the features of an Unmanned Surface Vessel (USV) and an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) for marine measurement and monitoring. It can also be used to study reasonable and efficient positive buoyancy diving techniques for underwater robots. In order to study the optimization of low power consumption and high efficiency cruise motion of the positive buoyancy diving vehicle, its dynamic modeling has been established. The optimal cruising speed for low energy consumption of the positive buoyancy diving vehicle is determined by numerical simulation. The Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) controller is designed to optimize the dynamic error and the actuator energy consumption of the vehicle in order to achieve the optimal fixed depth tracking control of the positive buoyancy diving vehicle. The results demonstrate that the LQR controller has better performance than PID, and the system adjustment time of the LQR controller is reduced by approximately 56% relative to PID. The motion optimization control method proposed can improve the endurance of the positive buoyancy diving vehicle, and has a certain application value.
{"title":"DYNAMIC MODELING AND OPTIMAL CONTROL OF A POSITIVE BUOYANCY DIVING AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE","authors":"Zhiguang Wang, Zhaoyu Wei, Caoyang Yu, Junjun Cao, Baoheng Yao, L. Lian","doi":"10.21278/brod74102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21278/brod74102","url":null,"abstract":"The positive buoyancy diving autonomous vehicle combines the features of an Unmanned Surface Vessel (USV) and an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) for marine measurement and monitoring. It can also be used to study reasonable and efficient positive buoyancy diving techniques for underwater robots. In order to study the optimization of low power consumption and high efficiency cruise motion of the positive buoyancy diving vehicle, its dynamic modeling has been established. The optimal cruising speed for low energy consumption of the positive buoyancy diving vehicle is determined by numerical simulation. The Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) controller is designed to optimize the dynamic error and the actuator energy consumption of the vehicle in order to achieve the optimal fixed depth tracking control of the positive buoyancy diving vehicle. The results demonstrate that the LQR controller has better performance than PID, and the system adjustment time of the LQR controller is reduced by approximately 56% relative to PID. The motion optimization control method proposed can improve the endurance of the positive buoyancy diving vehicle, and has a certain application value.","PeriodicalId":55594,"journal":{"name":"Brodogradnja","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41529460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, interceptors are often used to decrease total resistance and enhance comfort by reducing dynamic trim for high-speed planing vessels. They can be controlled manually as well as automatically by using a suitable closed-loop control system. Thus, in the present study, an automatically controllable system is presented to minimize the total resistance by reducing the dynamic trim in calm water. To reach this aim, a mathematical model which can represent the 2 degree of freedom vertical motion of a prismatic planing vessel is presented. The coefficients used in the model are calculated by using the Savitsky method. The standard dynamic trim angle and the optimum ones in terms of resistance are calculated by using the same method. For control action, a linear full state feedback control strategy (linear quadratic regulator) is applied, and instantaneous blade heights are found considering the change in forward speed. Therefore, the control-oriented model is able to change the blade height to reach the optimum trim angle in terms of the total resistance of the vessel for different forward speeds and speed profiles. The results show that the designed linear quadratic regulator control strategy is successful for reference trim tracking problems.
{"title":"CONTROL OF DYNAMIC TRIM FOR PLANING VESSELS WITH INTERCEPTORS IN TERMS OF COMFORT AND MINIMUM DRAG","authors":"O. Sahin, E. Kahramanoğlu, F. Cakici, E. Pesman","doi":"10.21278/brod74101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21278/brod74101","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, interceptors are often used to decrease total resistance and enhance comfort by reducing dynamic trim for high-speed planing vessels. They can be controlled manually as well as automatically by using a suitable closed-loop control system. Thus, in the present study, an automatically controllable system is presented to minimize the total resistance by reducing the dynamic trim in calm water. To reach this aim, a mathematical model which can represent the 2 degree of freedom vertical motion of a prismatic planing vessel is presented. The coefficients used in the model are calculated by using the Savitsky method. The standard dynamic trim angle and the optimum ones in terms of resistance are calculated by using the same method. For control action, a linear full state feedback control strategy (linear quadratic regulator) is applied, and instantaneous blade heights are found considering the change in forward speed. Therefore, the control-oriented model is able to change the blade height to reach the optimum trim angle in terms of the total resistance of the vessel for different forward speeds and speed profiles. The results show that the designed linear quadratic regulator control strategy is successful for reference trim tracking problems.","PeriodicalId":55594,"journal":{"name":"Brodogradnja","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41650670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. S. Hadi, T. Tuswan, G. Azizah, Baharuddin Ali, Samuel Samuel, M. L. Hakim, Muhammad Raaflie Caesar Putra Hadi, M. Iqbal, Dian Purnama Sari, D. Satrio
Investigation of hydrodynamic interaction between the vessel and the seabed when entering shallow water is considered one of the most critical considerations of inland waterway transport. There are many investigations into the behavior of ships in restricted waters, such as ships traveling in different forms of canal cross-sections. The present study aims to evaluate the hydrodynamic interaction of the 750 DWT Perintis Ship moving through the different canal types to determine the relative effects of limiting the width and depth cross section on the ship's resistance. Two different canals with different cross sections, including canal bank and rectangular canal, were evaluated to investigate the influence of canal width (Wb), depth ratio (hw/T), and blockage ratio function (As/Ac). The Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) method with Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) solver and turbulent model 𝑘−𝜀 were used to predict the total resistance of the ship. The proposed numerical simulation was initially validated with an experimental towing tank test in the error range of 0.11-7.74%. The results indicated similar phenomena were found both in rectangular and canal banks. The case with a shallower (lower hw/T) and a narrower (lower Bc/Bs) canal dimension has a higher resistance value. Backflow and subsidence of free surface became significant around the ship's hull in more restricted water, changing the ship's hydrodynamic characteristics and increasing resistance. It can be found that the higher the blockage ratio (mb), the higher the total resistance value in both canal types, which proved that ships with higher speeds were more sensitive to changes in waterway restrictions.
{"title":"Influence of the canal width and depth on the resistance of 750 DWT Perintis ship using CFD simulation","authors":"E. S. Hadi, T. Tuswan, G. Azizah, Baharuddin Ali, Samuel Samuel, M. L. Hakim, Muhammad Raaflie Caesar Putra Hadi, M. Iqbal, Dian Purnama Sari, D. Satrio","doi":"10.21278/brod74107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21278/brod74107","url":null,"abstract":"Investigation of hydrodynamic interaction between the vessel and the seabed when entering shallow water is considered one of the most critical considerations of inland waterway transport. There are many investigations into the behavior of ships in restricted waters, such as ships traveling in different forms of canal cross-sections. The present study aims to evaluate the hydrodynamic interaction of the 750 DWT Perintis Ship moving through the different canal types to determine the relative effects of limiting the width and depth cross section on the ship's resistance. Two different canals with different cross sections, including canal bank and rectangular canal, were evaluated to investigate the influence of canal width (Wb), depth ratio (hw/T), and blockage ratio function (As/Ac). The Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) method with Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) solver and turbulent model 𝑘−𝜀 were used to predict the total resistance of the ship. The proposed numerical simulation was initially validated with an experimental towing tank test in the error range of 0.11-7.74%. The results indicated similar phenomena were found both in rectangular and canal banks. The case with a shallower (lower hw/T) and a narrower (lower Bc/Bs) canal dimension has a higher resistance value. Backflow and subsidence of free surface became significant around the ship's hull in more restricted water, changing the ship's hydrodynamic characteristics and increasing resistance. It can be found that the higher the blockage ratio (mb), the higher the total resistance value in both canal types, which proved that ships with higher speeds were more sensitive to changes in waterway restrictions.","PeriodicalId":55594,"journal":{"name":"Brodogradnja","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47157291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ship hull vibration is a major contributor to fatigue crack growth and main engine excitation is identified as an important vibration source. A general method to solve any vibration problem arising onboard a ship does not exist, which encourages the use of a reliability-based framework for assessing ship vibration and its consequences. A stochastic model of vibration response is developed for the probabilistic formulation of the failure probability of the occurrence of crack propagation of a secondary structural hull component. The secondary structural component considered is a pipe stack support. The pipe stack support connects a cargo pump pipe stack to the wall inside the cargo tank, and the support is welded directly onto this wall. First, a generic cargo hold model is analysed with engine speed and the relative distance between the engine and the structural component under consideration as stochastic variables. Then, submodels are used to investigate the local vibration of the support and the stress response is evaluated for a combination of different engine speeds and relative distances. A surface is fitted to the vibration response and used for probabilistic analysis by Monte Carlo (MC/DSPS) and FORM/SORM reliability methods. The limit state is formulated as the possibility of fatigue crack growth based on a threshold stress intensity factor. This threshold factor depends on the initial crack size and different initial sizes are investigated. The adequacy of the functional representation for the stochastic model, which is fitted to discrete data points, is also assessed. It is seen that a functional representation using a sum of sine terms give an adequate fit for describing the stress response induced by engine speed, while a polynomial representation was adequate for the relative distance variable. The failure probability estimated by Monte Carlo simulations and SORM indicates that the pipe stack support is not critical for the occurrence of fatigue crack growth. A main observation from the analysis is that the reliability-based design of secondary structural components, also looking at the interaction with the global structure, may help to improve the vibration-induced stresses in local hull details by application of proper design measures.
{"title":"Development of a reliability model for crack growth occurrence for a secondary hull component","authors":"Siri Kolle Kleivane, B. Leira, S. Steen","doi":"10.21278/brod74106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21278/brod74106","url":null,"abstract":"Ship hull vibration is a major contributor to fatigue crack growth and main engine excitation is identified as an important vibration source. A general method to solve any vibration problem arising onboard a ship does not exist, which encourages the use of a reliability-based framework for assessing ship vibration and its consequences. A stochastic model of vibration response is developed for the probabilistic formulation of the failure probability of the occurrence of crack propagation of a secondary structural hull component. The secondary structural component considered is a pipe stack support. The pipe stack support connects a cargo pump pipe stack to the wall inside the cargo tank, and the support is welded directly onto this wall. First, a generic cargo hold model is analysed with engine speed and the relative distance between the engine and the structural component under consideration as stochastic variables. Then, submodels are used to investigate the local vibration of the support and the stress response is evaluated for a combination of different engine speeds and relative distances. A surface is fitted to the vibration response and used for probabilistic analysis by Monte Carlo (MC/DSPS) and FORM/SORM reliability methods. The limit state is formulated as the possibility of fatigue crack growth based on a threshold stress intensity factor. This threshold factor depends on the initial crack size and different initial sizes are investigated. The adequacy of the functional representation for the stochastic model, which is fitted to discrete data points, is also assessed. It is seen that a functional representation using a sum of sine terms give an adequate fit for describing the stress response induced by engine speed, while a polynomial representation was adequate for the relative distance variable. The failure probability estimated by Monte Carlo simulations and SORM indicates that the pipe stack support is not critical for the occurrence of fatigue crack growth. A main observation from the analysis is that the reliability-based design of secondary structural components, also looking at the interaction with the global structure, may help to improve the vibration-induced stresses in local hull details by application of proper design measures.","PeriodicalId":55594,"journal":{"name":"Brodogradnja","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45783028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Verification and validation of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of a full-scale ship trial are presented in this study. Speed/power trials were carried out according to industry standards for three different power settings. Measured data was corrected for environmental effects to obtain ideal trial runs. Ship-scale unsteady RANS CFD simulations were conducted. Grid refinement sensitivity was evaluated for each power setting. Furthermore, time-step sensitivity was assessed for the selected grids. Finally, assumptions regarding symmetry condition and turbulence model were verified. Simulated results were in good agreement with the test data, thus illustrating the capabilities of numerical methods to determine ship performance at full scale.
{"title":"VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION OF CFD SIMULATIONS WITH FULL-SCALE SHIP SPEED/POWER TRIAL DATA","authors":"Marko Mikulec, H. Piehl","doi":"10.21278/brod74103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21278/brod74103","url":null,"abstract":"Verification and validation of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of a full-scale ship trial are presented in this study. Speed/power trials were carried out according to industry standards for three different power settings. Measured data was corrected for environmental effects to obtain ideal trial runs. Ship-scale unsteady RANS CFD simulations were conducted. Grid refinement sensitivity was evaluated for each power setting. Furthermore, time-step sensitivity was assessed for the selected grids. Finally, assumptions regarding symmetry condition and turbulence model were verified. Simulated results were in good agreement with the test data, thus illustrating the capabilities of numerical methods to determine ship performance at full scale.","PeriodicalId":55594,"journal":{"name":"Brodogradnja","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49045898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Tuswan, D. Sari, T. Muttaqie, A. Prabowo, M. Soetardjo, Totok Tri Putrastyo Murwantono, Ridwan Utina, Yuniati Yuniati
The shipping industry is the primary and most significant mode of international cargo transportation. The ship must comply with strict rules regarding reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as a dominant transportation mode. Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) is the primary alternative fuel option for several shipping companies. In essence, many studies recommend LNG as a transitional and alternative fuel because its emission characteristics are cleaner than other fossil fuels. Several previous investigations have been carried out to develop an action plan for integrating the use of LNG as a ship fuel. However, there have been few discussions on the estimation of GHG emission reduction and the economic efficiency of a representative LNG-fuelled ship. The recent progress on LNG-fuelled ships is systematically reviewed to summarize the pathways and highlight the core technological concepts, technical issues, current LNG-fuelled ship applications, and future outlooks regarding integrating LNG energy resources into ship power systems to measure GHG emission reductions and cost savings estimations. The report will discuss the current development in the maritime sector and the effects of the macroeconomic scale. The result reveals that future research on ship-based LNG energy systems will probably concentrate on integrating new energy source generating strategies with existing ship power systems to improve energy efficiency. Several potential research areas for future outlook were also discussed to anticipate future challenges.
{"title":"Representative application of LNG-fuelled ships: a critical overview on potential ghg emission reductions and economic benefits","authors":"T. Tuswan, D. Sari, T. Muttaqie, A. Prabowo, M. Soetardjo, Totok Tri Putrastyo Murwantono, Ridwan Utina, Yuniati Yuniati","doi":"10.21278/brod74104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21278/brod74104","url":null,"abstract":"The shipping industry is the primary and most significant mode of international cargo transportation. The ship must comply with strict rules regarding reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as a dominant transportation mode. Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) is the primary alternative fuel option for several shipping companies. In essence, many studies recommend LNG as a transitional and alternative fuel because its emission characteristics are cleaner than other fossil fuels. Several previous investigations have been carried out to develop an action plan for integrating the use of LNG as a ship fuel. However, there have been few discussions on the estimation of GHG emission reduction and the economic efficiency of a representative LNG-fuelled ship. The recent progress on LNG-fuelled ships is systematically reviewed to summarize the pathways and highlight the core technological concepts, technical issues, current LNG-fuelled ship applications, and future outlooks regarding integrating LNG energy resources into ship power systems to measure GHG emission reductions and cost savings estimations. The report will discuss the current development in the maritime sector and the effects of the macroeconomic scale. The result reveals that future research on ship-based LNG energy systems will probably concentrate on integrating new energy source generating strategies with existing ship power systems to improve energy efficiency. Several potential research areas for future outlook were also discussed to anticipate future challenges.","PeriodicalId":55594,"journal":{"name":"Brodogradnja","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44885111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, with respect to wave energy generation technology, a new scheme is proposed for oscillating-buoy type wave energy conversion. A three-dimensional model of a power generation device is established based on SolidWorks, and a three-dimensional viscous numerical pool is setup using STAR-CCM+ to facilitate the simulation analysis of the device. The hydrodynamic performance and energy capture characteristics of the device were examined using theoretical analysis and numerical simulations. The regularities of parameters, such as motion response, force, and output power of the device, were analysed under four wave environments with different time periods (T) and wave heights (H). The analysis and conclusions can be utilised as a reference for studying the hydrodynamic performance of wave power generation devices.
{"title":"Design of a new oscillating-buoy type wave energy converter and numerical study on its hydrodynamic performance","authors":"Yu Zhang, Dongqin Li, S. Hong, Miao Zhang","doi":"10.21278/brod74108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21278/brod74108","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, with respect to wave energy generation technology, a new scheme is proposed for oscillating-buoy type wave energy conversion. A three-dimensional model of a power generation device is established based on SolidWorks, and a three-dimensional viscous numerical pool is setup using STAR-CCM+ to facilitate the simulation analysis of the device. The hydrodynamic performance and energy capture characteristics of the device were examined using theoretical analysis and numerical simulations. The regularities of parameters, such as motion response, force, and output power of the device, were analysed under four wave environments with different time periods (T) and wave heights (H). The analysis and conclusions can be utilised as a reference for studying the hydrodynamic performance of wave power generation devices.","PeriodicalId":55594,"journal":{"name":"Brodogradnja","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48000314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Great importance is had in understanding the current situation of maritime transport and making predictions about its future. Maritime transport is an essential part of transportation, and correctly predicting installed main engine power has great significance in maritime transport with regard to fuel consumption and the generation of emissions. Nonlinear regression is a method with great potential in making predictions, as it allows for more realistic models to be developed using multiple variables. Vessels' dimensions of carrying capacity, gross tonnage, length, and breadth significantly impact the required main engine power. This article will calculate and estimate the installed main engine power for bulk carriers through nonlinear regression using data for the as yet highest number of bulk carriers (n = 9,174 ships) and compare the results with the studies in the literature. The developed model has an accuracy of 93.2% for six different bulk carrier types (Small, Handysize, Handymax, Panamax, Capesize, and Large Capesize). In addition, the study calculates the emissions these ships produce (NOx, SO2, CO2, HC, PM), estimating and demonstrating a nonlinear linear regression model for these ships' emission amounts. The performed analyses have found the main engine power required per unit of load to decrease as ship size increases. However, these analyses also show the emissions generated per unit of load to decrease as size increases, with Large Capesize vessels being found to have the lowest fuel consumption and emission generation per unit of load.
{"title":"Estimating bulk carriers’ main engine power and emissions","authors":"Umit Gunes","doi":"10.21278/brod74105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21278/brod74105","url":null,"abstract":"Great importance is had in understanding the current situation of maritime transport and making predictions about its future. Maritime transport is an essential part of transportation, and correctly predicting installed main engine power has great significance in maritime transport with regard to fuel consumption and the generation of emissions. Nonlinear regression is a method with great potential in making predictions, as it allows for more realistic models to be developed using multiple variables. Vessels' dimensions of carrying capacity, gross tonnage, length, and breadth significantly impact the required main engine power. This article will calculate and estimate the installed main engine power for bulk carriers through nonlinear regression using data for the as yet highest number of bulk carriers (n = 9,174 ships) and compare the results with the studies in the literature. The developed model has an accuracy of 93.2% for six different bulk carrier types (Small, Handysize, Handymax, Panamax, Capesize, and Large Capesize). In addition, the study calculates the emissions these ships produce (NOx, SO2, CO2, HC, PM), estimating and demonstrating a nonlinear linear regression model for these ships' emission amounts. The performed analyses have found the main engine power required per unit of load to decrease as ship size increases. However, these analyses also show the emissions generated per unit of load to decrease as size increases, with Large Capesize vessels being found to have the lowest fuel consumption and emission generation per unit of load.","PeriodicalId":55594,"journal":{"name":"Brodogradnja","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48544266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：