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Development of a reliability model for crack growth occurrence for a secondary hull component 船体二次部件裂纹扩展可靠性模型的建立
IF 1.8 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.21278/brod74106
Siri Kolle Kleivane, B. Leira, S. Steen
Ship hull vibration is a major contributor to fatigue crack growth and main engine excitation is identified as an important vibration source. A general method to solve any vibration problem arising onboard a ship does not exist, which encourages the use of a reliability-based framework for assessing ship vibration and its consequences. A stochastic model of vibration response is developed for the probabilistic formulation of the failure probability of the occurrence of crack propagation of a secondary structural hull component. The secondary structural component considered is a pipe stack support. The pipe stack support connects a cargo pump pipe stack to the wall inside the cargo tank, and the support is welded directly onto this wall. First, a generic cargo hold model is analysed with engine speed and the relative distance between the engine and the structural component under consideration as stochastic variables. Then, submodels are used to investigate the local vibration of the support and the stress response is evaluated for a combination of different engine speeds and relative distances. A surface is fitted to the vibration response and used for probabilistic analysis by Monte Carlo (MC/DSPS) and FORM/SORM reliability methods. The limit state is formulated as the possibility of fatigue crack growth based on a threshold stress intensity factor. This threshold factor depends on the initial crack size and different initial sizes are investigated. The adequacy of the functional representation for the stochastic model, which is fitted to discrete data points, is also assessed. It is seen that a functional representation using a sum of sine terms give an adequate fit for describing the stress response induced by engine speed, while a polynomial representation was adequate for the relative distance variable. The failure probability estimated by Monte Carlo simulations and SORM indicates that the pipe stack support is not critical for the occurrence of fatigue crack growth. A main observation from the analysis is that the reliability-based design of secondary structural components, also looking at the interaction with the global structure, may help to improve the vibration-induced stresses in local hull details by application of proper design measures.
船体振动是疲劳裂纹扩展的主要原因,主机激励是一个重要的振动源。目前还没有解决船舶上出现的任何振动问题的通用方法,这鼓励使用基于可靠性的框架来评估船舶振动及其后果。建立了一个振动响应的随机模型,用于二次结构船体部件裂纹扩展发生的失效概率的概率公式。所考虑的次要结构构件是管组支撑。管组支架将货油泵管组连接到货油舱内的壁上,支架直接焊接在该壁上。首先,分析了一个通用货舱模型,将发动机转速和发动机与结构部件之间的相对距离视为随机变量。然后,使用子模型研究支架的局部振动,并评估不同发动机转速和相对距离组合的应力响应。将曲面拟合到振动响应,并通过蒙特卡罗(MC/DPS)和FORM/SORM可靠性方法进行概率分析。极限状态被公式化为基于阈值应力强度因子的疲劳裂纹扩展的可能性。该阈值因子取决于初始裂纹尺寸,并研究了不同的初始尺寸。还评估了适用于离散数据点的随机模型的函数表示的充分性。可以看出,使用正弦项之和的函数表示为描述发动机转速引起的应力响应提供了充分的拟合,而多项式表示为相对距离变量提供了足够的拟合。蒙特卡罗模拟和SORM估计的失效概率表明,管组支架对疲劳裂纹扩展的发生并不重要。分析的主要观察结果是,基于可靠性的二次结构部件设计,同时考虑与整体结构的相互作用,可能有助于通过应用适当的设计措施来改善局部船体细节中的振动诱导应力。
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引用次数: 1
Representative application of LNG-fuelled ships: a critical overview on potential ghg emission reductions and economic benefits lng燃料船舶的代表性应用:对潜在温室气体减排和经济效益的关键概述
IF 1.8 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.21278/brod74104
T. Tuswan, D. Sari, T. Muttaqie, A. Prabowo, M. Soetardjo, Totok Tri Putrastyo Murwantono, Ridwan Utina, Yuniati Yuniati
The shipping industry is the primary and most significant mode of international cargo transportation. The ship must comply with strict rules regarding reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as a dominant transportation mode. Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) is the primary alternative fuel option for several shipping companies. In essence, many studies recommend LNG as a transitional and alternative fuel because its emission characteristics are cleaner than other fossil fuels. Several previous investigations have been carried out to develop an action plan for integrating the use of LNG as a ship fuel. However, there have been few discussions on the estimation of GHG emission reduction and the economic efficiency of a representative LNG-fuelled ship. The recent progress on LNG-fuelled ships is systematically reviewed to summarize the pathways and highlight the core technological concepts, technical issues, current LNG-fuelled ship applications, and future outlooks regarding integrating LNG energy resources into ship power systems to measure GHG emission reductions and cost savings estimations. The report will discuss the current development in the maritime sector and the effects of the macroeconomic scale. The result reveals that future research on ship-based LNG energy systems will probably concentrate on integrating new energy source generating strategies with existing ship power systems to improve energy efficiency. Several potential research areas for future outlook were also discussed to anticipate future challenges.
航运业是国际货物运输的主要和最重要的方式。作为一种主要的运输方式,船舶必须遵守严格的减少温室气体排放的规定。液化天然气(LNG)是一些航运公司的主要替代燃料选择。本质上,许多研究推荐液化天然气作为过渡和替代燃料,因为它的排放特性比其他化石燃料更清洁。以前进行了几项调查,以制定一项将液化天然气作为船舶燃料的综合使用的行动计划。然而,对于一艘具有代表性的lng船的温室气体减排估算和经济效益的研究却很少。本文系统回顾了LNG燃料船舶的最新进展,总结了LNG燃料船舶的发展路径,重点介绍了核心技术概念、技术问题、当前LNG燃料船舶的应用以及将LNG能源整合到船舶动力系统中以衡量温室气体减排和成本节约的未来展望。该报告将讨论海事部门目前的发展情况和宏观经济规模的影响。研究结果表明,未来对船舶LNG能源系统的研究可能将集中于将新的能源发电策略与现有船舶动力系统相结合,以提高能源效率。讨论了未来展望的几个潜在研究领域,以预测未来的挑战。
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引用次数: 1
VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION OF CFD SIMULATIONS WITH FULL-SCALE SHIP SPEED/POWER TRIAL DATA 基于全尺寸船舶速度/功率试验数据的CFD模拟验证
IF 1.8 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.21278/brod74103
Marko Mikulec, H. Piehl
Verification and validation of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of a full-scale ship trial are presented in this study. Speed/power trials were carried out according to industry standards for three different power settings. Measured data was corrected for environmental effects to obtain ideal trial runs. Ship-scale unsteady RANS CFD simulations were conducted. Grid refinement sensitivity was evaluated for each power setting. Furthermore, time-step sensitivity was assessed for the selected grids. Finally, assumptions regarding symmetry condition and turbulence model were verified. Simulated results were in good agreement with the test data, thus illustrating the capabilities of numerical methods to determine ship performance at full scale.
本文介绍了全尺寸船舶试验计算流体动力学(CFD)仿真的验证和验证。根据三种不同功率设置的行业标准进行了速度/功率试验。根据环境影响对测量数据进行了校正,以获得理想的试运行结果。对船舶尺度非定常RANS进行了CFD模拟。对每个功率设置的网格细化灵敏度进行了评估。此外,还评估了所选网格的时间步长灵敏度。最后对对称条件和湍流模型的假设进行了验证。模拟结果与试验数据吻合良好,从而说明了数值方法在全尺寸下确定船舶性能的能力。
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引用次数: 4
Design of a new oscillating-buoy type wave energy converter and numerical study on its hydrodynamic performance 一种新型振荡浮筒式波浪能转换器的设计及其水动力性能的数值研究
IF 1.8 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.21278/brod74108
Yu Zhang, Dongqin Li, S. Hong, Miao Zhang
In this study, with respect to wave energy generation technology, a new scheme is proposed for oscillating-buoy type wave energy conversion. A three-dimensional model of a power generation device is established based on SolidWorks, and a three-dimensional viscous numerical pool is setup using STAR-CCM+ to facilitate the simulation analysis of the device. The hydrodynamic performance and energy capture characteristics of the device were examined using theoretical analysis and numerical simulations. The regularities of parameters, such as motion response, force, and output power of the device, were analysed under four wave environments with different time periods (T) and wave heights (H). The analysis and conclusions can be utilised as a reference for studying the hydrodynamic performance of wave power generation devices.
本文针对波浪能发电技术,提出了一种新的振荡浮筒型波浪能转换方案。基于SolidWorks建立了某发电装置的三维模型,并利用STAR-CCM+建立了三维粘性数值池,便于对该装置进行仿真分析。通过理论分析和数值模拟对该装置的水动力性能和能量捕获特性进行了研究。分析了在不同时段(T)和波高(H)的四种波浪环境下,装置的运动响应、力、输出功率等参数的变化规律,分析结论可为研究波浪发电装置的水动力性能提供参考。
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引用次数: 1
Estimating bulk carriers’ main engine power and emissions 估计散货船的主机功率和排放
IF 1.8 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.21278/brod74105
Umit Gunes
Great importance is had in understanding the current situation of maritime transport and making predictions about its future. Maritime transport is an essential part of transportation, and correctly predicting installed main engine power has great significance in maritime transport with regard to fuel consumption and the generation of emissions. Nonlinear regression is a method with great potential in making predictions, as it allows for more realistic models to be developed using multiple variables. Vessels' dimensions of carrying capacity, gross tonnage, length, and breadth significantly impact the required main engine power. This article will calculate and estimate the installed main engine power for bulk carriers through nonlinear regression using data for the as yet highest number of bulk carriers (n = 9,174 ships) and compare the results with the studies in the literature. The developed model has an accuracy of 93.2% for six different bulk carrier types (Small, Handysize, Handymax, Panamax, Capesize, and Large Capesize). In addition, the study calculates the emissions these ships produce (NOx, SO2, CO2, HC, PM), estimating and demonstrating a nonlinear linear regression model for these ships' emission amounts. The performed analyses have found the main engine power required per unit of load to decrease as ship size increases. However, these analyses also show the emissions generated per unit of load to decrease as size increases, with Large Capesize vessels being found to have the lowest fuel consumption and emission generation per unit of load.
了解海上运输的现状并对其未来作出预测是非常重要的。海上运输是交通运输的重要组成部分,正确预测装机主机功率对海上运输的燃油消耗和排放产生具有重要意义。非线性回归是一种具有巨大预测潜力的方法,因为它允许使用多个变量开发更现实的模型。船舶的载重量、总吨位、长度、宽度等尺寸对所需的主机功率有较大影响。本文将使用迄今为止最大数量的散货船(n = 9,174艘)的数据,通过非线性回归计算和估计散货船安装的主机功率,并将结果与文献中的研究进行比较。所开发的模型对六种不同类型的散货船(小型,灵动型,灵动型,巴拿马型,好望角型和大型好望角型)的精度为93.2%。此外,该研究还计算了这些船舶产生的排放量(NOx, SO2, CO2, HC, PM),估计并展示了这些船舶排放量的非线性线性回归模型。所进行的分析发现,每单位负载所需的主机功率随着船舶尺寸的增加而减小。然而,这些分析还表明,随着尺寸的增加,每单位负载产生的排放量会减少,大型好望角型船舶的燃料消耗和每单位负载产生的排放量最低。
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引用次数: 3
DP CHALLENGES IN ANA PLATFORM JACKET INSTALLATION ANA平台导管架安装中的DP挑战
IF 1.8 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.21278/brod73401
K. Ardavanis, R. Nabergoj, F. Mauro
Installation of jacket platforms requires simultaneous and combined operations of multiple assets. Once the whole process has to be planned, it is necessary to predict in a fast and reliable way the possible weather limitations that may occur during the operations. The paper will present the major challenges of this unusual and innovative Dynamic Positioning analysis which has been carried out for Ana Jacket installation. The obtained results show that the Dynamic Positioning system of the core vessel in intact configuration is capable to hold the position for the investigated vessels' arrangements and design operative weather conditions. Lifting, upending and installation of Ana Jacket were carried out successfully in 2021.
导管架平台的安装需要多个资产的同时和组合操作。一旦必须对整个过程进行规划,就有必要以快速可靠的方式预测操作过程中可能出现的天气限制。本文将介绍这种不同寻常的创新动态定位分析的主要挑战,该分析是为Ana导管架安装进行的。所获得的结果表明,处于完整配置的核心船的动态定位系统能够为所研究的船只的布置和设计的操作天气条件保持位置。Ana导管架的吊装、翻转和安装于2021年成功实施。
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引用次数: 2
AN EXTENSIVE INVESTIGATION OF FLOW CONDITIONERS INSIDE A FI-FI MONITOR 一个广泛的调查流动调节器在一个fi-fi监视器
IF 1.8 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.21278/brod73408
Ahmet Bilir, Ali Doğrul, N. Vardar
As it is known, to provide fire protection for any type of surface vessel, external fire-fighting (EFF) systems have been commonly used for decades as well as in coastal regions. These types of systems exist on several types of vessels such as fire-fighting ships, tugboats, supply vessels and naval vessels. Flow conditioners can be used in the EFF systems to provide better performance by regulating the flow inside the fi-fi monitor. In the present study, a fire-fighting (fi-fi) monitor was designed and different flow conditioners were implemented into the fi-fi monitor. A unique flow conditioner was designed in addition to the recommended ones by ISO 5167-3 in order to improve the performance of the flow conditioner in terms of head ratio and flow rate. A commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver was used to investigate the performance of the different flow conditioners. Before comparing the numerical results of different flow conditioners, the numerical model was validated with the experimental data and verified with appropriate methods. The results showed that the unique flow conditioner successfully regulates the streamlines and it has better performance than the recommended ones by ISO 5167-3 in terms of flow rate and head ratio. As the last part of the study, the effect of unique flow conditioner length was investigated and the best length was determined.
众所周知,为了为任何类型的水面舰艇提供防火保护,外部消防(EFF)系统已经普遍使用了几十年,在沿海地区也是如此。这些类型的系统存在于几种类型的船舶上,如消防船、拖船、补给船和海军舰艇。流量调节器可用于EFF系统,通过调节fi-fi监视器内的流量来提供更好的性能。本研究设计了一种消防(fi-fi)监视器,并在该监视器中安装了不同的流量调节器。在ISO 5167-3推荐的流量调节剂基础上,设计了一种独特的流量调节剂,以提高流量调节剂在水头比和流量方面的性能。利用商业计算流体动力学(CFD)求解器对不同的气流调节器的性能进行了研究。在比较不同流量调节器的数值结果之前,将数值模型与实验数据进行了验证,并采用相应的方法进行了验证。结果表明,该独特的流量调节剂对流线的调节效果良好,在流量和水头比方面优于ISO 5167-3推荐的调节剂。作为研究的最后一部分,研究了不同流量调节剂长度的影响,并确定了最佳长度。
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引用次数: 0
NUMERICAL DISTRIBUTION SIMULATION OF TYPHOONS’ WAVE ENERGY IN THE TAIWAN STRAIT AND ITS ADJACENT WATERS 台湾海峡及其邻近海域台风波浪能的数值分布模拟
IF 1.8 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.21278/brod73403
Cheng Chen, Chen Peng, Hong Xiao, Tingyu Wang, Minjian Wei
As new energy technologies boom in recent years, marine renewable energy, especially wave power is one potential trend. However, few relevant studies focus on extreme sea conditions. In this paper, a numerical model of typhoon waves in the Taiwan Strait is established based on the third-generation ocean wave model SWAN and then calculated by the wave energy empirical equation. Typhoon No. 200808 Fung-wong, strong typhoon No. 200815 Jangmi and strong typhoon No. 201808 Maria are used for verification and analysis. Finally, the results show that most concentrated wave energy values are more than 300 kW/m for typhoon and more than 900 kW/m for strong typhoons, over 60 times and 180 times the annual average (5 kW/m) in the Chinese sea area, respectively. In terms of other locations, corresponding values are more than 50 kW/m and over 100 kW/m. Therefore, typhoons’ wave energy is certainly a huge asset if fully utilized.
随着近年来新能源技术的蓬勃发展,海洋可再生能源,特别是波浪能是一种潜在的发展趋势。然而,很少有相关研究关注极端海况。本文在第三代海浪模型SWAN的基础上,建立了台湾海峡台风波的数值模型,并用波浪能经验方程进行了计算。采用第200808号台风冯、第200815号强台风詹米和第201808号强台风玛丽亚进行验证和分析。最后,结果表明,台风和强台风最集中的波浪能值分别超过300kW/m和900kW/m,分别是中国海域年平均值(5kW/m)的60倍和180倍以上。就其他位置而言,相应的值大于50kW/m且大于100kW/m。因此,如果充分利用台风的波浪能,无疑是一笔巨大的财富。
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引用次数: 3
UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION OF SELF-PROPULSION ANALYSES WITH RANS-CFD AND COMPARISON WITH FULL-SCALE SHIP TRIALS trans-CFD自推进分析的不确定性量化及其与实船试验的比较
IF 1.8 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.21278/brod73406
A. Z. Saydam, Gözde Nur Küçüksu, M. Insel, Serhan Gökçay
RANS-CFD is a well-established tool with widespread use in maritime industry and research. Valuable information might be extracted from the results of such simulations in terms of ship resistance and flow field variables. With recent advancements in computational power, it became possible to investigate the performance of ships in self-propulsion conditions with RANS method. This paper presents the results of a study in which self-propulsion analyses of a small size product/oil tanker has been carried out at ship scale. The methodology proposed in this study makes use of open water propeller performance predictions, resistance analyses at model scale and self-propulsion computations at ship scale for a minimum of 2 different propeller loadings to obtain the self-propulsion point and respective performance parameters. In order to speed up the time-consuming self-propulsion computations, these cases have been solved with a single-phase approach. Resistance predictions have been compared with experimental findings. Uncertainty associated with prediction of resistance and thrust has been quantified. Additionally, sea trials have been conducted on the subject vessel and its two sisters and measured delivered power data have been used for evaluating the capability of the numerical method in self-propulsion predictions. Comparison of results indicate that the proposed self-propulsion computation methodology with RANS CFD at ship scale is capable of predicting delivered power with sufficient accuracy at an acceptable computational cost.
RANS-CFD是一种成熟的工具,在海事工业和研究中广泛使用。根据船舶阻力和流场变量,可以从这种模拟的结果中提取有价值的信息。随着计算能力的最新进步,用RANS方法研究船舶在自推进条件下的性能成为可能。本文介绍了一项研究的结果,在该研究中,对一艘小型产品/油轮进行了船舶尺度的自推进分析。本研究中提出的方法利用开放水域螺旋桨性能预测、模型规模的阻力分析和船舶规模的自推进计算,针对至少2种不同的螺旋桨载荷,以获得自推进点和各自的性能参数。为了加快耗时的自推进计算,这些情况已经用单相方法解决。阻力预测已与实验结果进行了比较。与阻力和推力预测相关的不确定性已被量化。此外,还对该船及其两个姊妹船进行了海上试验,测量的输送功率数据已用于评估数值方法在自推进预测中的能力。结果比较表明,所提出的自推进计算方法与RANS CFD在船舶尺度上能够以可接受的计算成本以足够的精度预测输送功率。
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引用次数: 5
SYNTHESIS MODEL FOR THE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF INLAND CARGO VESSELS TO OPERATE ON THE MAGDALENA RIVER 马格达莱纳河内河货船概念设计的综合模型
IF 1.8 4区 工程技术 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.21278/brod73402
David Ricardo Alvarado, L. Paternina, E. Paipa
Inland waterways are presented both as a need and an opportunity for developing an intermodal transport system to boost Colombian economic growth. Riverine transportation as part of an intermodal system represents conveying a significant amount of cargo at a low cost and therefore reducing greenhouse gas emissions. To competitively include this cargo transportation alternative in an intermodal context, the development of effective container vessels is required. Most of the Colombian rivers present sedimentary, high flow, and low depth nature. Then, the design of riverine cargo vessels capable of navigating in shallow waters with less brake power requirements is needed. A synthesis model: an automatic and integrated design procedure, has been programmed to generate and evaluate feasible vessel dimensions at a conceptual design stage. Through systematic variations of the main dimensions, this procedure allows evaluating a design space in which the most effective concept-vessel solution is selected. At the end of this procedure, the main characteristics for container vessels in the Magdalena River at a conceptual design stage, are defined. Validation of the synthesis model with a riverine logistic support ship is provided.
内陆水道既是发展多式联运系统的需要,也是促进哥伦比亚经济增长的机会。内河运输作为多式联运系统的一部分,代表着以低成本运输大量货物,从而减少温室气体排放。为了在多式联运的背景下有竞争力地纳入这种货物运输替代方案,需要开发有效的集装箱船。哥伦比亚的大部分河流都具有沉积、高流量和低深度的特点。然后,需要设计能够在浅水中航行、制动功率要求较低的内河货船。一个综合模型:一个自动化和集成的设计程序,已被编程为在概念设计阶段生成和评估可行的容器尺寸。通过主要尺寸的系统变化,该程序可以评估设计空间,在该空间中选择最有效的概念容器解决方案。在本程序的最后,定义了马格达莱纳河集装箱船在概念设计阶段的主要特征。提供了一艘内河后勤支援船对综合模型的验证。
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引用次数: 1
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Brodogradnja
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