We present a case of a perilymphatic fistula (PLF) caused by Eustachian tube air inflation (ETAI) that was diagnosed using cochlin-tomoprotein (CTP) testing and successfully treated using transcanal endoscopic ear surgery to seal the inner ear window. A 77-year-old woman developed hearing loss and dizziness after undergoing ETAI at a local ear, nose, and throat clinic. Despite initial bed rest and steroid pulse therapy, the hearing did not improve, and transcanal endoscopic ear surgery was performed to repair the PLF. The CTP test confirmed the diagnosis of PLF, leading to a significant improvement in the patient's hearing and dizziness symptoms postoperatively. This case highlights the importance of considering PLF as a potential complication of ETAI and the value of CTP testing for diagnosing this condition.
{"title":"Perilymphatic fistula caused by Eustachian tube air inflation","authors":"Taichi Kan, Yasue Uchida, Mayuko Kishimoto, Tetsuya Ogawa, Yasushi Fujimoto","doi":"10.1016/j.anl.2024.12.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anl.2024.12.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a case of a perilymphatic fistula (PLF) caused by Eustachian tube air inflation (ETAI) that was diagnosed using cochlin-tomoprotein (CTP) testing and successfully treated using transcanal endoscopic ear surgery to seal the inner ear window. A 77-year-old woman developed hearing loss and dizziness after undergoing ETAI at a local ear, nose, and throat clinic. Despite initial bed rest and steroid pulse therapy, the hearing did not improve, and transcanal endoscopic ear surgery was performed to repair the PLF. The CTP test confirmed the diagnosis of PLF, leading to a significant improvement in the patient's hearing and dizziness symptoms postoperatively. This case highlights the importance of considering PLF as a potential complication of ETAI and the value of CTP testing for diagnosing this condition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55627,"journal":{"name":"Auris Nasus Larynx","volume":"52 1","pages":"Pages 35-38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142959416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Epidemiological surveys were conducted in Nara Prefecture, Japan, to determine the prevalence of head and neck cancer in the region since 1986.
Methods
This study examined the dynamics of visits to 18 medical institutions treating head and neck cancer in Nara Prefecture from 2000 to 2021.
Results
A total of 8,605 patients were registered, with 4,788 being male and 3,787 female. These included 3,603 thyroid, 2,215 oral, 1,164 laryngeal, 645 hypopharyngeal, 512 oropharyngeal, 326 nasal sinus, and 286 salivary gland cancer cases. A marked increase in subsite was observed in oropharyngeal, oral, and hypopharyngeal cancers, whereas laryngeal cancer remained unchanged. The number of registered patients increased every year, with 547 new patients registered in 2019, compared to 249 in 2000. However, the number of registered cases decreased by nearly 100 cases after 2020 because of the COVID-19 pandemic (453 cases in 2020 and 420 cases in 2021).
Conclusions
This study is distinctive as it comprehensively surveys all departments within Nara Prefecture involved in managing head and neck cancer.
{"title":"Epidemiological trends in head and neck cancer in Nara Prefecture, Japan, from 2000–2021: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Takahiro Kimura , Ichiro Ota , Hirokazu Uemura , Kazuhiko Shoji , Tsuyoshi Kojima , Tadaaki Kirita , Kazuhiko Nario , Masakazu Miyazaki , Katsunari Yane , Hideyuki Okamoto , Naoki Shimizu , Hiroshi Miyahara , Tadashi Kitahara","doi":"10.1016/j.anl.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anl.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Epidemiological surveys were conducted in Nara Prefecture, Japan, to determine the prevalence of head and neck cancer in the region since 1986.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study examined the dynamics of visits to 18 medical institutions treating head and neck cancer in Nara Prefecture from 2000 to 2021.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 8,605 patients were registered, with 4,788 being male and 3,787 female. These included 3,603 thyroid, 2,215 oral, 1,164 laryngeal, 645 hypopharyngeal, 512 oropharyngeal, 326 nasal sinus, and 286 salivary gland cancer cases. A marked increase in subsite was observed in oropharyngeal, oral, and hypopharyngeal cancers, whereas laryngeal cancer remained unchanged. The number of registered patients increased every year, with 547 new patients registered in 2019, compared to 249 in 2000. However, the number of registered cases decreased by nearly 100 cases after 2020 because of the COVID-19 pandemic (453 cases in 2020 and 420 cases in 2021).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study is distinctive as it comprehensively surveys all departments within Nara Prefecture involved in managing head and neck cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55627,"journal":{"name":"Auris Nasus Larynx","volume":"52 1","pages":"Pages 59-65"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142973480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2024.12.007
Yui Mizumoto-Teramura , Akira Leon Yoshikawa , Naoyuki Matsumoto , Yoko Murayama , Ken Akashi
Objective
The parathyroid gland emits autofluorescence with a peak at 822 nm when excited using near-infrared light at 785 nm; this observation of autofluorescence using a near-infrared detection device is useful for identifying the parathyroid gland during surgery. We aimed to clarify the localization of autofluorescent substances in parathyroid and thyroid tissues by observing them under a fluorescence microscope through filters that selectively pass specific near-infrared wavelengths.
Methods
Four cases of parathyroid and three cases of thyroid were examined under a fluorescence microscope. The frozen, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded, and unfixed, unstained sections of parathyroid were observed through filters that selectively pass specific near-infrared wavelengths. Images were acquired at excitation 775 ± 50 nm and absorption 845 ± 55 nm in five randomly selected fields of view, avoiding tumor and inflammatory areas. Autofluorescence was measured as the ratio of fluorescent area to tissue area using hybrid cell counting.
Results
Autofluorescence was observed in all sections. In the parathyroid tissue, the frozen sections showed significantly more autofluorescence than the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections, and in the thyroid tissue, although no significant difference was observed, the frozen sections showed more autofluorescence than the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections. In addition, the single unfixed, unstained section showed stronger autofluorescence than the frozen sections, although no significant difference was found. The areas of autofluorescence in the parathyroid and thyroid tissues were thought to be the Golgi area and lipofuscin, respectively.
Conclusion
Fluorescence microscopy of parathyroid and thyroid tissues revealed the localization of autofluorescent substances in each tissue.
{"title":"Fluorescence microscopy of parathyroid and thyroid tissues for localization of autofluorescent substances using near-infrared wavelengths","authors":"Yui Mizumoto-Teramura , Akira Leon Yoshikawa , Naoyuki Matsumoto , Yoko Murayama , Ken Akashi","doi":"10.1016/j.anl.2024.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anl.2024.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The parathyroid gland emits autofluorescence with a peak at 822 nm when excited using near-infrared light at 785 nm; this observation of autofluorescence using a near-infrared detection device is useful for identifying the parathyroid gland during surgery. We aimed to clarify the localization of autofluorescent substances in parathyroid and thyroid tissues by observing them under a fluorescence microscope through filters that selectively pass specific near-infrared wavelengths.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Four cases of parathyroid and three cases of thyroid were examined under a fluorescence microscope. The frozen, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded, and unfixed, unstained sections of parathyroid were observed through filters that selectively pass specific near-infrared wavelengths. Images were acquired at excitation 775 ± 50 nm and absorption 845 ± 55 nm in five randomly selected fields of view, avoiding tumor and inflammatory areas. Autofluorescence was measured as the ratio of fluorescent area to tissue area using hybrid cell counting.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Autofluorescence was observed in all sections. In the parathyroid tissue, the frozen sections showed significantly more autofluorescence than the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections, and in the thyroid tissue, although no significant difference was observed, the frozen sections showed more autofluorescence than the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections. In addition, the single unfixed, unstained section showed stronger autofluorescence than the frozen sections, although no significant difference was found. The areas of autofluorescence in the parathyroid and thyroid tissues were thought to be the Golgi area and lipofuscin, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Fluorescence microscopy of parathyroid and thyroid tissues revealed the localization of autofluorescent substances in each tissue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55627,"journal":{"name":"Auris Nasus Larynx","volume":"52 1","pages":"Pages 71-75"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142973482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To evaluate post-operative semicircular canal function in patients with non-vestibular schwannoma (VS) cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumors by video Head Impulse Test (vHIT).
Methods
Fourteen patients with non-VS CPA tumors who underwent surgery. The gain in vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) was examined pre- and post-operatively for the semicircular canals in patients with non-VS CPA tumors.
Results
Ten of 14 patients showed semicircular canal dysfunction in one or more of the semicircular canals pre-operatively and VOR gain was significantly correlated with hearing function. Two patients showed improvement in one or more semicircular canals at 1 month after surgery compared to the pre-operative results. Significant improvements in VOR gain were observed when comparing VOR gain at 1 month and 6 months after surgery.
Conclusions
Detailed evaluation of semicircular canal function was achieved by using vHIT in patients with non-VS CPA tumors. The good prognosis for vestibular function as evaluated by vHIT post-operatively was confirmed in patients with non-VS CPA tumors when compared to those in patients with VS. As improvement may occur post-operatively, surgical approaches that preserve the vestibular nerves and semicircular canals should be chosen for patients with non-VS CPA tumors, regardless of preoperative vestibular function. Even if vestibular function deteriorates immediately after surgery, it may improve over time if the nerve is preserved.
{"title":"Post-operative vestibular function outcomes evaluated by video Head Impulse Test in patients with non-vestibular schwannoma cerebellopontine angle tumors","authors":"Keishi Fujiwara , Shinya Morita , Hiroaki Motegi , Shigeru Yamaguchi , Yukitomo Ishi , Kimiko Hoshino , Atsushi Fukuda , Hideaki Takeda , Yuji Nakamaru , Miki Fujimura , Akihiro Homma","doi":"10.1016/j.anl.2024.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anl.2024.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate post-operative semicircular canal function in patients with non-vestibular schwannoma (VS) cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumors by video Head Impulse Test (vHIT).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fourteen patients with non-VS CPA tumors who underwent surgery. The gain in vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) was examined pre- and post-operatively for the semicircular canals in patients with non-VS CPA tumors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ten of 14 patients showed semicircular canal dysfunction in one or more of the semicircular canals pre-operatively and VOR gain was significantly correlated with hearing function. Two patients showed improvement in one or more semicircular canals at 1 month after surgery compared to the pre-operative results. Significant improvements in VOR gain were observed when comparing VOR gain at 1 month and 6 months after surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Detailed evaluation of semicircular canal function was achieved by using vHIT in patients with non-VS CPA tumors. The good prognosis for vestibular function as evaluated by vHIT post-operatively was confirmed in patients with non-VS CPA tumors when compared to those in patients with VS. As improvement may occur post-operatively, surgical approaches that preserve the vestibular nerves and semicircular canals should be chosen for patients with non-VS CPA tumors, regardless of preoperative vestibular function. Even if vestibular function deteriorates immediately after surgery, it may improve over time if the nerve is preserved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55627,"journal":{"name":"Auris Nasus Larynx","volume":"52 1","pages":"Pages 50-58"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142973484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2025.01.006
Mustafa Baran , Mahmut Tayyar Kalcioglu , Ahmet Mutlu , Basak Atalay , Mahmut Bilal Dogan , Guler Ozturk
Objective
In this prospective case-controlled study, we aimed to examine changes in olfactory bulb (OB) morphology due to COVID-19 infection and to examine the effects of olfactory training (OT).
Methods
This study included 29 patients with anosmia or hyposmia due to COVID-19 infection (Group 1), 24 normosmic patients after COVID-19 infection (Group 2), and 25 normosmic subjects without COVID-19 infection (Group 3). OB volumes, thickness, length, sulcus depth, and signal intensity were evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Psychophysical tests (odor discrimination, thresholds, and odor identification) and a survey of olfactory symptoms were performed. After 12 weeks of OT, the MRI data and odor scores of Group 1 were compared with those of the other groups.
Results
OB volumes were significantly smaller in Group 1 (54.01±2.92 mm3) compared with the other groups (group 2:56.7±3.2 mm3 and group 3:59.45±3.09 mm3). The OB thicknesses and lengths differed significantly between Group 1 and Groups 2 and 3. Group 1 had abnormalities in the OB signal intensity in the form of diffusely increased signal intensity compared with the others groups. Following OT, OB volume (right, p= 0.002; left, p=0.021) and Threshold Discrimination Identification score (p< 0.001) significantly increased in Group 1 patients.
Conclusion
These findings suggest that post-COVID olfactory loss is associated with smaller OB volumes and increased OB signal intensity. Additionally, this study provides evidence supporting the effectiveness of OT in improving olfactory function and OB volume in patients with long-lasting post-COVID-19 symptoms.
{"title":"Association of olfactory training with olfactory bulb morphology in adults with post-viral long-lasting olfactory dysfunction: A COVID-19 related prospective study","authors":"Mustafa Baran , Mahmut Tayyar Kalcioglu , Ahmet Mutlu , Basak Atalay , Mahmut Bilal Dogan , Guler Ozturk","doi":"10.1016/j.anl.2025.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anl.2025.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>In this prospective case-controlled study, we aimed to examine changes in olfactory bulb (OB) morphology due to COVID-19 infection and to examine the effects of olfactory training (OT).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study included 29 patients with anosmia or hyposmia due to COVID-19 infection (Group 1), 24 normosmic patients after COVID-19 infection (Group 2), and 25 normosmic subjects without COVID-19 infection (Group 3). OB volumes, thickness, length, sulcus depth, and signal intensity were evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Psychophysical tests (odor discrimination, thresholds, and odor identification) and a survey of olfactory symptoms were performed. After 12 weeks of OT, the MRI data and odor scores of Group 1 were compared with those of the other groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>OB volumes were significantly smaller in Group 1 (54.01±2.92 mm3) compared with the other groups (group 2:56.7±3.2 mm3 and group 3:59.45±3.09 mm3). The OB thicknesses and lengths differed significantly between Group 1 and Groups 2 and 3. Group 1 had abnormalities in the OB signal intensity in the form of diffusely increased signal intensity compared with the others groups. Following OT, OB volume (right, p= 0.002; left, p=0.021) and Threshold Discrimination Identification score (p< 0.001) significantly increased in Group 1 patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings suggest that post-COVID olfactory loss is associated with smaller OB volumes and increased OB signal intensity. Additionally, this study provides evidence supporting the effectiveness of OT in improving olfactory function and OB volume in patients with long-lasting post-COVID-19 symptoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55627,"journal":{"name":"Auris Nasus Larynx","volume":"52 1","pages":"Pages 76-83"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143093761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Primary salivary gland squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is extremely rare, accounting for 0.3–10.4 % of all salivary gland malignancies. Due to this rarity, the clinical characteristics of primary salivary gland SCC remain unelucidated. In the present study, we conducted a multi-institutional retrospective analysis—including a large number of cases compared with that of previous studies—to reveal the prognosis, treatment outcomes, and prognostic factors of primary salivary gland SCC.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The clinical course of patients with primary salivary gland SCC between January 2012 and December 2022 was retrospectively investigated. Thirteen university hospitals and cancer centers in Japan participated in this study. The diagnosis of primary salivary gland SCC was based on the following criteria: 1) pathological diagnosis of SCC and exclusion of other histological types and 2) exclusion of metastatic SCCs from other organs. Progression-free and overall survival rates were compared using Kaplan–Meier curves and log-rank tests. Treatment outcomes were assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses with Cox proportional hazards models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In total, 723 patients with salivary gland cancer were admitted to the participating institutions. Among them, 63 patients (8.7 %) were diagnosed with primary salivary gland SCC. The clinical courses of the 58 patients that received definitive treatment and had complete data were analyzed. Primary treatments included surgery in 35 patients (60.3 %), chemoradiotherapy in 16 (27.6 %), radiotherapy in 5 (8.6 %), and chemotherapy in 2 (3.4 %). Complete response and objective response rates to chemoradiotherapy were 62.5 % and 93.8 %, respectively. Five-year progression-free and overall survival rates were 30.1 % and 60.1 %, respectively. Five-year progression-free survival rates for each treatment were 37.7 % (surgery), 33.0 % (chemoradiotherapy), 0 % (radiotherapy), and 0 % (chemotherapy). Overall survival rates were 71.5 % (surgery), 39.5 % (chemoradiotherapy), 53.3 % (radiotherapy), and 0 % (chemotherapy). Multivariate analysis revealed that age ≥70 years, <em>N</em> classification ≥1, and surgery were independent predictors of progression-free (hazard ratios: 3.75, 2.46, and 0.33, respectively) and overall survival (hazard ratios: 3.11, 6.24, and 0.32, respectively). Adjuvant radiotherapy significantly improved progression-free and overall survival in patients with stage Ⅳ cancer or positive surgical margins. Log-rank tests revealed no significant difference between patients with or without elective neck dissection in progression-free and overall survival; however, a relatively high percentage of occult lymph node metastasis (50.0 %) was observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Surgical resection is a favorable first-line treatment option in salivary gland SCC, and definitive chemoradiotherapy would show acceptable comple
{"title":"Treatment outcomes of primary salivary gland squamous cell carcinoma: A multi-institutional retrospective study in Japan","authors":"Ryosuke Sato , Takumi Kumai , Takahiro Kusaka , Satoshi Kano , Akira Ohkoshi , Satoshi Kubota , Yuya Miyakura , Kosuke Murayama , Ai Tagawa , Shino Godo , Daisuke Matsushita , Hiroki Tomizawa , Satoshi Toyoma , Akina Shirotori , Miki Takahara","doi":"10.1016/j.anl.2024.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anl.2024.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Primary salivary gland squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is extremely rare, accounting for 0.3–10.4 % of all salivary gland malignancies. Due to this rarity, the clinical characteristics of primary salivary gland SCC remain unelucidated. In the present study, we conducted a multi-institutional retrospective analysis—including a large number of cases compared with that of previous studies—to reveal the prognosis, treatment outcomes, and prognostic factors of primary salivary gland SCC.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The clinical course of patients with primary salivary gland SCC between January 2012 and December 2022 was retrospectively investigated. Thirteen university hospitals and cancer centers in Japan participated in this study. The diagnosis of primary salivary gland SCC was based on the following criteria: 1) pathological diagnosis of SCC and exclusion of other histological types and 2) exclusion of metastatic SCCs from other organs. Progression-free and overall survival rates were compared using Kaplan–Meier curves and log-rank tests. Treatment outcomes were assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses with Cox proportional hazards models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In total, 723 patients with salivary gland cancer were admitted to the participating institutions. Among them, 63 patients (8.7 %) were diagnosed with primary salivary gland SCC. The clinical courses of the 58 patients that received definitive treatment and had complete data were analyzed. Primary treatments included surgery in 35 patients (60.3 %), chemoradiotherapy in 16 (27.6 %), radiotherapy in 5 (8.6 %), and chemotherapy in 2 (3.4 %). Complete response and objective response rates to chemoradiotherapy were 62.5 % and 93.8 %, respectively. Five-year progression-free and overall survival rates were 30.1 % and 60.1 %, respectively. Five-year progression-free survival rates for each treatment were 37.7 % (surgery), 33.0 % (chemoradiotherapy), 0 % (radiotherapy), and 0 % (chemotherapy). Overall survival rates were 71.5 % (surgery), 39.5 % (chemoradiotherapy), 53.3 % (radiotherapy), and 0 % (chemotherapy). Multivariate analysis revealed that age ≥70 years, <em>N</em> classification ≥1, and surgery were independent predictors of progression-free (hazard ratios: 3.75, 2.46, and 0.33, respectively) and overall survival (hazard ratios: 3.11, 6.24, and 0.32, respectively). Adjuvant radiotherapy significantly improved progression-free and overall survival in patients with stage Ⅳ cancer or positive surgical margins. Log-rank tests revealed no significant difference between patients with or without elective neck dissection in progression-free and overall survival; however, a relatively high percentage of occult lymph node metastasis (50.0 %) was observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Surgical resection is a favorable first-line treatment option in salivary gland SCC, and definitive chemoradiotherapy would show acceptable comple","PeriodicalId":55627,"journal":{"name":"Auris Nasus Larynx","volume":"52 1","pages":"Pages 43-49"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Head and Neck Cancer Registry, supported by the Japan Society for Head and Neck Cancer, was re-established in 2012 after renewal of the contents and methods of registration.
Methods
The registry registers patients with previously untreated, histologically confirmed malignant tumors of the head and neck, including the oral cavity, larynx, hypopharynx, oropharynx, nasopharynx, nasal cavity and paranasal sinus, major salivary gland, and cervical nodal involvement with an unknown primary.
Results
The total number of registered patients reached more than 150,000 as of June 2024. We have published reports of important real-world evidence from the registry data.
Conclusion
We believe that this nation-wide, organ-based registry aids understanding of the epidemiology and treatment strategies of head and neck cancer, in addition to hospital-based and national cancer registries in Japan.
{"title":"Head and neck cancer registry of Japan","authors":"Daisuke Kawakita , Seiichi Yoshimoto , Munenaga Nakamizo , Megumi Kitayama , Tadaaki Kirita , Takeshi Kodaira , Toshifumi Tomioka , Ryosuke Kamiyama , Hideaki Takahashi , Hideki Nakayama , Yoshio Ohyama , Yuji Murakami , Ken-Ichi Nibu","doi":"10.1016/j.anl.2025.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anl.2025.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The Head and Neck Cancer Registry, supported by the Japan Society for Head and Neck Cancer, was re-established in 2012 after renewal of the contents and methods of registration.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The registry registers patients with previously untreated, histologically confirmed malignant tumors of the head and neck, including the oral cavity, larynx, hypopharynx, oropharynx, nasopharynx, nasal cavity and paranasal sinus, major salivary gland, and cervical nodal involvement with an unknown primary.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The total number of registered patients reached more than 150,000 as of June 2024. We have published reports of important real-world evidence from the registry data.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We believe that this nation-wide, organ-based registry aids understanding of the epidemiology and treatment strategies of head and neck cancer, in addition to hospital-based and national cancer registries in Japan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55627,"journal":{"name":"Auris Nasus Larynx","volume":"52 2","pages":"Pages 122-126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The AJCC-8 staging system for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) excludes certain lymph node characteristics from stage determinants due to insufficient evidence of their prognostic impact. This study aimed to examine the influence of gross extranodal extension (N-Ex) on survival and recurrence by comparing outcomes of extrathyroidal extension (T-Ex) and N-Ex cases.
Methods
Patients with PTC who underwent initial surgical treatment and had T-Ex or N-Ex were selected. Their survival and recurrence rates were compared, focusing on age and stage classification. Patients younger than 55 years without distant metastasis (DM) are classified as Stage I, regardless of T-Ex or N-Ex. Patients aged 55 years or older without DM are classified as Stage II if they have N-Ex without T-Ex and Stage III or IVA if they have T-Ex. The prognoses of the T-Ex and N-Ex groups stratified by age were compared. Using the T-classification by organ involvement, older patients with N-Ex were subgrouped, and their prognoses were compared with those of the T-Ex group.
Results
The study included 183 T-Ex and 50 N-Ex without T-Ex cases. The disease-specific survival (DSS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of the two groups did not differ for the younger patients without distant metastases (Stage I in both groups). For the older patients without distant metastasis, the 10-year DSS was 80.6% and 48.5% for Stages III and IVA (with T4bAnyNM0; T-Ex group) and 74.7% for Stage II (with T1-3N-ExM0; N-Ex group). The 10-year DFS were 68.2%, 0%, and 64.5% for Stages III, IVA (T-Ex group), and II (N-Ex group), respectively. The DSS and DFS did not differ for Stages III and IVA (T-Ex group) and II (N-Ex group). The prognoses of the N-Ex subgroups and the older T-Ex group did not also differ.
Conclusions
The patients aged 55 years or older without DM had comparable prognoses, although cases with N-Ex without T-Ex were classified as Stage II, and those with T-Ex were classified as Stage III or IVA. The recurrence rates for the N-Ex and T-Ex stages were also comparable. These suggest that N-Ex is an important prognostic factor.
{"title":"Impact of gross extranodal extension into major neck structures on the prognosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma","authors":"Sueyoshi Moritani, Masao Takenobu, Masakazu Yasunaga, Katsuyuki Kawamoto, Taihei Fujii, Hiroya Kitano","doi":"10.1016/j.anl.2024.12.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anl.2024.12.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The AJCC-8 staging system for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) excludes certain lymph node characteristics from stage determinants due to insufficient evidence of their prognostic impact. This study aimed to examine the influence of gross extranodal extension (N-Ex) on survival and recurrence by comparing outcomes of extrathyroidal extension (T-Ex) and N-Ex cases.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients with PTC who underwent initial surgical treatment and had T-Ex or N-Ex were selected. Their survival and recurrence rates were compared, focusing on age and stage classification. Patients younger than 55 years without distant metastasis (DM) are classified as Stage I, regardless of T-Ex or N-Ex. Patients aged 55 years or older without DM are classified as Stage II if they have N-Ex without T-Ex and Stage III or IVA if they have T-Ex. The prognoses of the T-Ex and N-Ex groups stratified by age were compared. Using the T-classification by organ involvement, older patients with N-Ex were subgrouped, and their prognoses were compared with those of the T-Ex group.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study included 183 T-Ex and 50 N-Ex without T-Ex cases. The disease-specific survival (DSS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of the two groups did not differ for the younger patients without distant metastases (Stage I in both groups). For the older patients without distant metastasis, the 10-year DSS was 80.6% and 48.5% for Stages III and IVA (with T4bAnyNM0; T-Ex group) and 74.7% for Stage II (with T1-3N-ExM0; N-Ex group). The 10-year DFS were 68.2%, 0%, and 64.5% for Stages III, IVA (T-Ex group), and II (N-Ex group), respectively. The DSS and DFS did not differ for Stages III and IVA (T-Ex group) and II (N-Ex group). The prognoses of the N-Ex subgroups and the older T-Ex group did not also differ.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The patients aged 55 years or older without DM had comparable prognoses, although cases with N-Ex without T-Ex were classified as Stage II, and those with T-Ex were classified as Stage III or IVA. The recurrence rates for the N-Ex and T-Ex stages were also comparable. These suggest that N-Ex is an important prognostic factor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55627,"journal":{"name":"Auris Nasus Larynx","volume":"52 2","pages":"Pages 127-131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2025.01.010
Omar Mostafa Youssef Yassin , Ashraf Abdelzaher Mabrok , Ayman Mohammed El-kahky , Hesham Mohamed Othman Taha , Walaa Adel Abdelmoez , Amr Adel Mohammed Saad
Objectives
Experimentally test the effect of vestibular nerve neurectomy on the function and histopathology of the cochlea.
Methods
The study was conducted on 20 normal male adult pigmented guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). First, each animal was tested with Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAEs) preoperatively then vestibular neurectomy (V.N) was performed on the right side through suboccipital modified retrosigmoid approach. We tested the DPOAEs postoperatively; After 8 weeks, Guinea pigs were euthanized the cochlea of guinea pig was processed for light microscope and transmission electron microscope examination to observe the outer hair cell count, and spiral ganglion cell density in the operated ear compared to contralateral non operated cochlea of the same guinea pig.
Results
There was a significant decrease in spiral ganglion cell density in the operated side compared to the non-operated side. However, there was no significant difference in outer hair cell count or DPOAEs between the two sides, except for a significant increase in DPOAEs at 2 KHz in the operated side.
Conclusion
The results suggest that vestibular neurectomy may affect spiral ganglion cell density but not necessarily outer hair cell count or DPOAEs, and the relationship between these variables is complex and could be frequency-dependent.
{"title":"Vestibular nerve neurectomy: Functional and histopathological outcomes in the cochlea of guinea pigs","authors":"Omar Mostafa Youssef Yassin , Ashraf Abdelzaher Mabrok , Ayman Mohammed El-kahky , Hesham Mohamed Othman Taha , Walaa Adel Abdelmoez , Amr Adel Mohammed Saad","doi":"10.1016/j.anl.2025.01.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anl.2025.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Experimentally test the effect of vestibular nerve neurectomy on the function and histopathology of the cochlea.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study was conducted on 20 normal male adult pigmented guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). First, each animal was tested with Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAEs) preoperatively then vestibular neurectomy (V.N) was performed on the right side through suboccipital modified retrosigmoid approach. We tested the DPOAEs postoperatively; After 8 weeks, Guinea pigs were euthanized the cochlea of guinea pig was processed for light microscope and transmission electron microscope examination to observe the outer hair cell count, and spiral ganglion cell density in the operated ear compared to contralateral non operated cochlea of the same guinea pig.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was a significant decrease in spiral ganglion cell density in the operated side compared to the non-operated side. However, there was no significant difference in outer hair cell count or DPOAEs between the two sides, except for a significant increase in DPOAEs at 2 KHz in the operated side.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The results suggest that vestibular neurectomy may affect spiral ganglion cell density but not necessarily outer hair cell count or DPOAEs, and the relationship between these variables is complex and could be frequency-dependent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55627,"journal":{"name":"Auris Nasus Larynx","volume":"52 2","pages":"Pages 107-115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To investigate its effectiveness and safety and clarify the postoperative course of Kobayashi plug surgery for refractory patulous Eustachian tubes.
Methods
This retrospective study included 83 patients diagnosed with a patulous Eustachian tube who received Kobayashi plug surgery at our hospital.
Results
At 1 month postoperatively, the success rate was 74.0 %; at 3 months, it was 67.1 %; at 6 months, it was 65.0 %; and at 12 months it was 65.2 %. At 6 months, otitis media with effusion (OME) was observed in 12.5 % of cases, and residual tympanic membrane perforation was observed in 5.0 %. Ventilation tube placement was performed in 10 cases, and eight cases required revision surgery. During the course, plugs were removed in four cases.
Median values of patulous Eustachian Tube Handicap Inventory-10 (PHI-10) at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively were 14, 16, 16, and 20, respectively. PHI-10 significantly improved at all the time points after surgery than before surgery (median 33).
Conclusion
The Kobayashi plug surgery is safe and effective for refractory patulous Eustachian tubes over the long term. At 6 months postoperatively, there were few cases of OME, and the symptoms also stabilized.
{"title":"Postoperative course of Eustachian tube plug surgery with Kobayashi plug","authors":"Tomoo Shibasaki , Naoto Koike , Hidefumi Shindo , Ryoji Hirai , Takeshi Oshima","doi":"10.1016/j.anl.2024.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.anl.2024.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate its effectiveness and safety and clarify the postoperative course of Kobayashi plug surgery for refractory patulous Eustachian tubes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective study included 83 patients diagnosed with a patulous Eustachian tube who received Kobayashi plug surgery at our hospital.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At 1 month postoperatively, the success rate was 74.0 %; at 3 months, it was 67.1 %; at 6 months, it was 65.0 %; and at 12 months it was 65.2 %. At 6 months, otitis media with effusion (OME) was observed in 12.5 % of cases, and residual tympanic membrane perforation was observed in 5.0 %. Ventilation tube placement was performed in 10 cases, and eight cases required revision surgery. During the course, plugs were removed in four cases.</div><div>Median values of patulous Eustachian Tube Handicap Inventory-10 (PHI-10) at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively were 14, 16, 16, and 20, respectively. PHI-10 significantly improved at all the time points after surgery than before surgery (median 33).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The Kobayashi plug surgery is safe and effective for refractory patulous Eustachian tubes over the long term. At 6 months postoperatively, there were few cases of OME, and the symptoms also stabilized.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55627,"journal":{"name":"Auris Nasus Larynx","volume":"52 2","pages":"Pages 116-121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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