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Increase of Tangible and Intangible Fixed Assets in the Manufacturing Industry in Romania under the Impact of Foreign Direct Investment 外商直接投资影响下罗马尼亚制造业有形和无形固定资产的增加
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.51865/eitc.2021.02.01
C. Russu
The article deals with the main aspects of the materialization of foreign direct investment (FDI) made in the component activities of the manufacturing industry in tangible and intangible fixed assets (TIFA), that serve the development of productive processes in those activities. Starting from the idea that for manufacturing activities the importance of each of the two categories of fixed assets varies depending on the specifics of each activity, the analysis reveals the existence of significant differences between the materialization of FDI in TIFA in these activities and the gross value added generated by them, as well as between the stock of tangible assets realized by FDI and the total value of TIFA registered in the manufacturing activities. The conclusion of the analysis is that the TIFA made by FDI substantially improved the quality of the productive apparatus of the manufacturing activities and, implicitly, their productivity and competitiveness; the activities with the greatest benefits in this regard were Machinery and equipment, Means of transport, Computers, electronic, optical and electrical products, and Crude oil processing, chemical products, rubber and plastics.
本文讨论了在制造业有形和无形固定资产(TIFA)的组成活动中进行的外国直接投资(FDI)具体化的主要方面,这些活动服务于这些活动中生产过程的发展。从制造业活动中这两类固定资产的重要性取决于每项活动的具体情况这一观点出发,分析揭示了这些活动中TIFA中FDI的物化与它们产生的总增加值之间,以及FDI实现的有形资产存量与制造业活动中登记的TIFA总价值之间存在显著差异。分析的结论是,外国直接投资的TIFA大大提高了制造活动的生产设备的质量,并隐含地提高了它们的生产力和竞争力;在这方面受益最大的活动是机械和设备、运输工具、计算机、电子、光学和电气产品、原油加工、化学产品、橡胶和塑料。
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引用次数: 0
Reinvestigating Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment Inflows in European Countries: Any Difference from the Romanian Economy? 重新调查欧洲国家外国直接投资流入的决定因素:与罗马尼亚经济有何不同?
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.51865/eitc.2021.02.05
Kalejaiye Toluwanimi Grace, Johnson Ifeanyi Okoh, Ishola James Aransiola, A. Ayomitunde
The aim of this study is to investigate the determinants of FDI inflows in Romania. Data was collected from the UNCTAD and WDI from 1990 to 2018, and econometric technique was utilized to address the objective of the study. Consequently, there exists a negative relationship between FDI inflows, growth rate and market size in Romania. However, GDP per capita and per capita growth has a positive relationship with FDI inflows. Furthermore, it could be established that there is an existence of a unidirectional causality which runs from FDI inflows to economic growth. Therefore, the policy makers in Romania should ensure the sustainable growth of GDP per capita and capita per output in the country. Also, as a matter of urgency the authorities in Romanian economy should embark on aggressive policy that will expand the market size and ensure a sustainable rate of economic growth in the country.
本研究的目的是调查外国直接投资流入罗马尼亚的决定因素。数据收集自1990年至2018年联合国贸发会议和世界发展指数,并利用计量经济学技术来实现研究目标。因此,罗马尼亚的外国直接投资流入、增长率和市场规模之间存在负相关关系。然而,人均国内生产总值和人均增长与外国直接投资流入呈正相关。此外,可以确定存在从外国直接投资流入到经济增长的单向因果关系。因此,罗马尼亚的政策制定者应该确保该国人均GDP和人均产出的可持续增长。此外,作为一项紧急事项,罗马尼亚经济当局应采取积极的政策,扩大市场规模,并确保该国的可持续经济增长率。
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引用次数: 0
Does Entrepreneurship Financing Create Employment in Nigeria? The Role of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) 创业融资在尼日利亚创造就业机会吗?中小企业的作用
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.51865/eitc.2021.04.08
R. Obiakor, O. Afolayan, Adeniyi Marcus Oresanwo, Johnson Ifeanyi Okoh
The current level of unemployment in Nigeria in the recent times has been worrisome, and various advocacies by scholars and policy analysts have suggested that entrepreneurship, especially small and medium scale enterprises could generate employment in the large measures. Meanwhile, inadequate financing has been identified as a strong factor causing a setback to entrepreneurship development in Nigeria. Against this backdrop, this paper provided empirical answers to whether entrepreneurship financing, from the SMEs perspective could generate employment in Nigeria. In answering the research question, data were extracted from 1992 to 2019 from secondary sources. Consequently, the data passed through various pre-tests such as unit roots and Cointegration tests before it was estimated via the application of Canonical Cointegrating Regression (CCR). The findings of this study were summarized as follows; the Commercial Banks Loans to SMEs contributed both positive and significant impact to employment generation in Nigeria. Likewise, that Commercial Banks total credits to private sector contributed both positive and significant impact to employment generation in the country. Hence, this study submits that that entrepreneurship (SMEs) financing contributes to employment generation in Nigeria. In the light of the above submission, this study recommends that any time the policymakers in Nigeria desire to address the current devastating level of unemployment in Nigeria, financing of entrepreneurship, especially SMEs should be the priority of the government at levels in the country. And as such, employment generation will be stimulated in the long run.
尼日利亚最近的失业水平令人担忧,学者和政策分析人士的各种主张表明,创业精神,特别是中小型企业可以在很大程度上创造就业机会。与此同时,资金不足已被确定为导致尼日利亚创业发展受挫的一个重要因素。在此背景下,本文从中小企业的角度对创业融资能否在尼日利亚创造就业提供实证答案。在回答研究问题时,从二手来源提取了1992年至2019年的数据。因此,数据通过各种预检验,如单位根和协整检验,然后通过应用规范协整回归(CCR)进行估计。本研究结果总结如下:商业银行对中小企业的贷款对尼日利亚创造就业产生了积极和重大的影响。同样,商业银行向私营部门提供的全部信贷对该国创造就业产生了积极和重大的影响。因此,本研究提出,创业(中小企业)融资有助于尼日利亚创造就业机会。鉴于上述提交,本研究建议,任何时候尼日利亚的政策制定者希望解决尼日利亚目前毁灭性的失业水平,创业融资,特别是中小企业应该是该国各级政府的优先事项。因此,从长远来看,创造就业机会将受到刺激。
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引用次数: 0
Building Sustainable Food Systems - Current Dimensions and Challenges 建设可持续粮食系统-当前的维度和挑战
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.51865/eitc.2021.04.05
C. Ene
"Nowadays, there is a large consensus about the challenges our world is facing in different sectors, which are amplified by the precarious state of the global ecosystem. Various food and nutrition related issues are derived from changes in food production demand as a result of socio-economic, demographic and ecological trends which correlate with economic prosperity. In the last years, the need for a turning point in the way that food systems are functioning became obvious, as the world needs to rather be oriented towards a more sustainable future in terms of inclusiveness, health and climate-resilience. This paper aims to emphasize the urgent nature of the need for transformation of existing food systems at all levels, underlining relevant implications and correlations, as this shifting remains the only solution to reaching relevant goals regarding both global food security and sustainability."
“如今,人们对我们的世界在不同领域面临的挑战达成了很大的共识,而全球生态系统的不稳定状态又放大了这些挑战。各种与粮食和营养有关的问题是由于与经济繁荣有关的社会经济、人口和生态趋势导致粮食生产需求发生变化而引起的。在过去几年中,粮食系统的运作方式需要出现一个转折点,因为世界需要在包容性、健康和气候适应能力方面朝着更可持续的未来发展。本文旨在强调在所有层面对现有粮食系统进行转型的紧迫性,强调相关的影响和相关性,因为这种转变仍然是实现全球粮食安全和可持续性相关目标的唯一解决方案。”
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引用次数: 0
Measuring the Level of Job Satisfaction of University Academics: a Cross-Sectional Study from Bangladesh 衡量大学学者的工作满意度水平:来自孟加拉国的横断面研究
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.51865/eitc.2021.03.05
Amitava Saha, Md. Rabiul Awal
This study inspects the job satisfaction level of academic staff at Rajshahi University, Bangladesh. Important factors that have an impact on job satisfaction levels are work itself, pay, promotion opportunities, supervision, and relationship with co-workers. A sample of 120 teachers is selected by convenient sampling from the nine faculties at Rajshahi University. With the support of SPSS, factor analysis, Co-relation, and regression tests are conducted to generate results. Through the statistical analysis, it is found that teachers are more satisfied with work itself, relationship with co-workers, and they are less satisfied with the pay structure, promotion opportunities, and supervision. Thus findings recommend that boosting the work facilities and ensuring the smooth and cooperative relationship with co-workers could be helpful tools in motivating faculty members and subsequently get attached with their work.
本研究对孟加拉国拉杰沙希大学教职员的工作满意度进行了调查。影响工作满意度的重要因素是工作本身、薪酬、晋升机会、监督以及与同事的关系。通过方便的抽样,从拉杰沙希大学的9个院系中选出120名教师。在SPSS软件的支持下,进行了因子分析、相关检验和回归检验,得出结果。通过统计分析发现,教师对工作本身、同事关系的满意度较高,对薪酬结构、晋升机会、监督的满意度较低。因此,研究结果表明,提高工作设施和确保与同事的顺利合作关系可能是激励教师并随后依恋他们工作的有用工具。
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引用次数: 1
Solutions for Improving Living Standards in Rural Areas from Romania 罗马尼亚提高农村地区生活水平的解决方案
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.51865/eitc.2021.03.04
M. Ilie
Rural areas play an important socio-economic role in Romania, as they cover 87.1% of the territory, 46% of the population in 2012, produce 32% of gross value added and the employed population in rural areas represents 45.2% of the total population. Independent and family activities play an important role in rural Romania, and agriculture is the sector that covers much of this trend. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the main present needs of the rural areas in Romania but also the measures that must be taken to meet these needs.
农村地区在罗马尼亚发挥着重要的社会经济作用,因为它们覆盖了87.1%的领土,占2012年人口的46%,创造了32%的总增加值,农村地区的就业人口占总人口的45.2%。独立和家庭活动在罗马尼亚农村发挥着重要作用,而农业是涵盖这一趋势的主要部门。本文的目的是强调罗马尼亚农村地区目前的主要需求,以及为满足这些需求而必须采取的措施。
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引用次数: 0
Agro-Allied Small and Medium Enterprises and the Economy of Kogi State, Nigeria 尼日利亚科吉州农业相关中小企业与经济
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.51865/eitc.2021.04.06
Duro Amos Dada, Unekwu Cynthia Alogwuja, Mayowa Olumoyegun
This paper focused on Agro-allied Small and Medium Enterprises and the economy of Kogi State, Nigeria. The specific aims were to ascertain the effect of agriculture on the GDP of Nigeria, and examine how entrepreneurial activities of Agro-allied SMEs affect job creation in Kogi State. The researchers employed survey research design; using purposive sampling where 120 ‘agripreneurs’ (farmers who are entrepreneurs) were selected. The study covered three senatorial districts. Both descriptive and inferential analytical techniques (Multiple Regression Model) were applied for data analysis. Finding showed that the effects of entrepreneurial activities of Agro-allied SMEs on job creation in Kogi State are weak. Furthermore, finding showed that Contribution to Agricultural Sector (CTAS) has a positive relationship with Gross Domestic Product in Nigeria. The study concluded that empowerment of Agro-allied SMEs will culminate into reduced unemployment rate. The study recommended that government should make long-term investment in the agriculture sector to increase positive impact on the GDP of Nigeria, and that the economic stakeholders should strategically empower, promote and protect the entrepreneurial activities of Agro-allied SMEs to take advantage of increased job creation in Kogi State.
本文以尼日利亚科吉州的农业相关中小企业和经济为研究对象。具体目标是确定农业对尼日利亚国内生产总值的影响,并研究农业相关中小企业的创业活动如何影响科吉州创造就业机会。研究者采用调查研究设计;使用有目的的抽样,其中120“农业企业家”(农民谁是企业家)被选中。这项研究涵盖了三个参议院选区。采用描述性和推理分析技术(多元回归模型)进行数据分析。研究结果表明,在科吉州,农业相关中小企业的创业活动对创造就业的影响很弱。此外,研究结果表明,对农业部门的贡献(CTAS)与尼日利亚的国内生产总值呈正相关关系。该研究的结论是,赋予农业相关中小企业权力将最终降低失业率。该研究建议,政府应对农业部门进行长期投资,以增加对尼日利亚国内生产总值的积极影响,经济利益相关者应战略性地授权、促进和保护与农业相关的中小企业的创业活动,以利用科吉州增加的就业机会。
{"title":"Agro-Allied Small and Medium Enterprises and the Economy of Kogi State, Nigeria","authors":"Duro Amos Dada, Unekwu Cynthia Alogwuja, Mayowa Olumoyegun","doi":"10.51865/eitc.2021.04.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51865/eitc.2021.04.06","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focused on Agro-allied Small and Medium Enterprises and the economy of Kogi State, Nigeria. The specific aims were to ascertain the effect of agriculture on the GDP of Nigeria, and examine how entrepreneurial activities of Agro-allied SMEs affect job creation in Kogi State. The researchers employed survey research design; using purposive sampling where 120 ‘agripreneurs’ (farmers who are entrepreneurs) were selected. The study covered three senatorial districts. Both descriptive and inferential analytical techniques (Multiple Regression Model) were applied for data analysis. Finding showed that the effects of entrepreneurial activities of Agro-allied SMEs on job creation in Kogi State are weak. Furthermore, finding showed that Contribution to Agricultural Sector (CTAS) has a positive relationship with Gross Domestic Product in Nigeria. The study concluded that empowerment of Agro-allied SMEs will culminate into reduced unemployment rate. The study recommended that government should make long-term investment in the agriculture sector to increase positive impact on the GDP of Nigeria, and that the economic stakeholders should strategically empower, promote and protect the entrepreneurial activities of Agro-allied SMEs to take advantage of increased job creation in Kogi State.","PeriodicalId":55648,"journal":{"name":"Economic Insights Trends and Challenges","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91335157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Exploration of Organizational Change and Employees’ Performance in Nigeria 尼日利亚组织变革与员工绩效研究
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.51865/eitc.2021.02.03
D. Aduku, John Olatunji Alabi, J. Orugun
This study focused on Organizational Change (OC) and employees’ performance in banks in North Central of Nigeria. The study ascertained the effects of tolerance to change and the activities of fraud, and strategy change, organizational structuring, attitude of employees towards change and organizational culture on the performance of banks employee in North Central of Nigeria. The study adopted survey research design. The population of the study for Benue State is 168 and Kogi State is 202. The sample size of the study was 189. Multistage random sampling technique was adopted. Data were analyzed using Multiple Regression. Findings showed that tolerance to change, activities of fraudsters, organizational structuring, strategy change and organizational culture have effect on the performance of banks employee. Finding shows that complexity, attitude of employees towards change and tolerance to change have significant and negative influence, and that perceived advantage and employee motivation has positive and significant influence on the change acceptance of bank employees. The study concluded that OC is pivot to banking practices. The study recommended that bank leaders should sustain change tolerance level, devise better strategic approach to dealing with fraudsters and their activities; this may facilitate employees’ improved performance in North Central of Nigeria.
本研究聚焦于尼日利亚中北部银行的组织变革与员工绩效。该研究确定了对变化和欺诈活动的容忍,以及战略变化,组织结构,员工对变化的态度和组织文化对尼日利亚中北部银行员工绩效的影响。本研究采用调查研究设计。贝努埃州的研究人口为168人,科吉州为202人。该研究的样本量为189人。采用多阶段随机抽样技术。数据采用多元回归分析。研究发现,对变化的容忍度、欺诈者的活动、组织结构、战略变化和组织文化对银行员工的绩效有影响。研究发现,复杂性、员工对变革的态度和对变革的容忍度对银行员工的变革接受度有显著的负向影响,感知优势和员工动机对银行员工的变革接受度有显著的正向影响。该研究的结论是,OC是银行业务的关键。该研究建议银行领导人应保持变化容忍水平,制定更好的战略方法来处理欺诈者及其活动;这可能有助于尼日利亚中北部员工绩效的提高。
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引用次数: 2
The Causal Linkages of Human Development Index and Economic Complexity Index: a Panel Analysis for Selected OECD Countries 人类发展指数与经济复杂性指数的因果关系:经合组织国家的面板分析
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.51865/eitc.2021.03.03
Feyza Arica, Unzule Kurt
{"title":"The Causal Linkages of Human Development Index and Economic Complexity Index: a Panel Analysis for Selected OECD Countries","authors":"Feyza Arica, Unzule Kurt","doi":"10.51865/eitc.2021.03.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51865/eitc.2021.03.03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55648,"journal":{"name":"Economic Insights Trends and Challenges","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72532199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of Knowledge Management and Creation Capability on the Performance of SMEs in Kogi State 知识管理和创新能力对科吉州中小企业绩效的影响
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.51865/eitc.2021.01.05
Yunusa Ademu, Folashade Olufunke Obaje, Rotimi Grace Gift Otitolaiye
This study aimed at determining the effects of knowledge management and creation capability on the performance of SMEs in Kogi State. The research survey design was adopted for this study. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential analytical techniques were used. The analytical techniques employed are survival analysis and multiple regression analysis (stepwise). Findings showed that socialization has a significant effect on the competitive advantage of both Small and Medium Enterprises in Kogi State; externalization has a significant effect on the competitive advantage of Medium Enterprises in Kogi State; the combination of resources can predict the competitive advantage of both Small and Medium Enterprises in Kogi State. Findings further showed that combination, internalization, socialization, and externalization strongly and significantly predict the business growth of SMEs in Kogi State. The study concluded that the ability of SME owners to manage knowledge can translate into a better chance of achieving the enterprise's goals. The study recommended that SME owners should channel their knowledge creation towards socialization and a combination of resources; owners of Medium Enterprises should take advantage of knowledge creation through externalization to facilitate sustainable competitive advantage in Kogi State. Furthermore, SME owners and economic stakeholders should find alternative ways of promoting effective knowledge management and creation in Kogi State.
本研究旨在确定知识管理和创新能力对科吉州中小企业绩效的影响。本研究采用研究调查设计。对于数据分析,使用了描述和推理分析技术。分析方法为生存分析和多元回归分析(逐步分析)。研究结果表明,社会化对科吉州中小企业的竞争优势都有显著影响;外部化对科吉州中型企业竞争优势有显著影响;资源组合可以预测科吉州中小企业的竞争优势。研究结果进一步表明,组合、内部化、社会化和外部化对科吉州中小企业的业务增长具有强烈而显著的预测作用。该研究的结论是,中小企业主管理知识的能力可以转化为实现企业目标的更好机会。研究建议中小企业主应将其知识创造导向社会化和资源组合;中型企业所有者应通过外部化利用知识创造,以促进科吉州的可持续竞争优势。此外,中小企业所有者和经济利益相关者应该找到促进科吉州有效知识管理和创造的替代方法。
{"title":"Effects of Knowledge Management and Creation Capability on the Performance of SMEs in Kogi State","authors":"Yunusa Ademu, Folashade Olufunke Obaje, Rotimi Grace Gift Otitolaiye","doi":"10.51865/eitc.2021.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51865/eitc.2021.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed at determining the effects of knowledge management and creation capability on the performance of SMEs in Kogi State. The research survey design was adopted for this study. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential analytical techniques were used. The analytical techniques employed are survival analysis and multiple regression analysis (stepwise). Findings showed that socialization has a significant effect on the competitive advantage of both Small and Medium Enterprises in Kogi State; externalization has a significant effect on the competitive advantage of Medium Enterprises in Kogi State; the combination of resources can predict the competitive advantage of both Small and Medium Enterprises in Kogi State. Findings further showed that combination, internalization, socialization, and externalization strongly and significantly predict the business growth of SMEs in Kogi State. The study concluded that the ability of SME owners to manage knowledge can translate into a better chance of achieving the enterprise's goals. The study recommended that SME owners should channel their knowledge creation towards socialization and a combination of resources; owners of Medium Enterprises should take advantage of knowledge creation through externalization to facilitate sustainable competitive advantage in Kogi State. Furthermore, SME owners and economic stakeholders should find alternative ways of promoting effective knowledge management and creation in Kogi State.","PeriodicalId":55648,"journal":{"name":"Economic Insights Trends and Challenges","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72856738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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