Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/00087041.2020.1884449
The British Cartographic Society, c/o Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) 1 Kensington Gore, London, SW7 2AR, is registered with the Charity Commission (No.240034). The Society was founded on 28th September 1963 as a Learned Society and the Constitution and By-Laws adopted in September 1964. The Charity is administered by the Council of the Society, who are the Trustees, comprising:
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Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/00087041.2020.1884448
P. Barber
ABSTRACT This paper presents an overview of West and Central European mapping between 1650 and 1800. The period was marked by the emergence of distinctive types of mapping, influenced by the spirit of the Enlightenment, particularly its adoption of consciously scientific methods and reliance on direct observation, the acceptance of geography as an academic discipline and a questioning attitude towards previously accepted authority. Such maps were expensive to create and relied on sponsorship by the state and/or academies and, in their published form, on collaboration of both with the map trade. ‘Enlightenment Maps’ are far from being a homogeneous group, however, are of varying quality, and were less prevalent than generally assumed: many traditional types of map continued to be created, published and purchased by an ever-widening public readership.
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Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/00087041.2019.1685288
Mirela Altic
ABSTRACT The process of political and territorial unification of the Kingdom of Italy (1860) and Austria-Hungary (1867) highlighted the issues of territoriality both on land and at sea. As a part of that effort, a need of maritime survey of the Adriatic conducted by the joint forces of the Austro-Hungarian and Italian hydrographic offices appeared. The purpose of this endeavour was to enable the production of modern charts based on a comprehensive survey covering the whole sea surface area, from coast to coast. Under the supervision of Commander Tobias Ritter von Oesterreicher and Counter-Admiral Duke Antonio Imbert, the survey started in 1866 and, by the end of 1873, resulted in a general chart of the Adriatic, 4 course charts of the Adriatic Sea, 55 coastal charts as well as number of harbour plans. This paper presents an analysis of the course of the survey, its products as well as its impact on the subsequent cartography of the Adriatic Sea.
摘要意大利王国（1860年）和奥匈帝国（1867年）的政治和领土统一进程突出了陆地和海上的领土问题。作为这项工作的一部分，似乎需要由奥匈帝国和意大利水文局的联合部队对亚得里亚海进行海上调查。这项工作的目的是在对从海岸到海岸的整个海面进行全面调查的基础上制作现代海图。在指挥官Tobias Ritter von Oestreicher和海军中将Duke Antonio Imbert的监督下，调查始于1866年，到1873年底，得出了亚得里亚海总图、4个亚得里亚海道图、55个海岸图以及一些港口规划。本文分析了此次调查的过程、结果及其对随后亚得里亚海制图的影响。
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Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/00087041.2020.1884431
Katherine Parker
ABSTRACT As argued by Philip Stern, exploration and Enlightenment were mutually influential, suggesting that the charting performed on exploratory voyages is a particularly apt knowledge practice around which to frame an investigation of the validity and depth of the contradictions and challenges of Enlightenment. This paper uses the charting of Tierra del Fuego by George Anson in the 1740s as a case study for discussing one specific tension in both exploration and Enlightenment: the role of the national and of the universal in the creation of geographic knowledge. It will discuss Anson’s charting process, the publication of his ideas, and the clash his publication caused when planning later voyages. Charting could not only legitimate participation in Enlightenment networks of knowledge-making, but also mask imperial motives and biases in the language of intellectual criticism.
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Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/00087041.2020.1884428
M. Edney, M. Pedley
ABSTRACT The Enlightenment poses a particular problem for map history. The period acquired a special significance as the historical fulcrum in the narrative of the history of cartography. This essay provides an historiographical summary of how the Enlightenment was accorded this significance, how it was called into question with the development of sociocultural approaches to maps and mapping, and how a comprehensive history of mapping in the period 1650–1800 – undertaken as Volume Four of the multi-volume series The History of Cartography – requires a completely restructured approach to map history.
{"title":"Writing Cartography’s Enlightenment","authors":"M. Edney, M. Pedley","doi":"10.1080/00087041.2020.1884428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00087041.2020.1884428","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Enlightenment poses a particular problem for map history. The period acquired a special significance as the historical fulcrum in the narrative of the history of cartography. This essay provides an historiographical summary of how the Enlightenment was accorded this significance, how it was called into question with the development of sociocultural approaches to maps and mapping, and how a comprehensive history of mapping in the period 1650–1800 – undertaken as Volume Four of the multi-volume series The History of Cartography – requires a completely restructured approach to map history.","PeriodicalId":55971,"journal":{"name":"Cartographic Journal","volume":"57 1","pages":"312 - 334"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00087041.2020.1884428","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45905588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-11DOI: 10.1080/00087041.2020.1738112
R. Schnürer, R. Sieber, Jost Schmid-Lanter, A. C. Öztireli, L. Hurni
ABSTRACT In this work, realistically drawn objects are identified on digital maps by convolutional neural networks. For the first two experiments, 6200 images were retrieved from Pinterest. While alternating image input options, two binary classifiers based on Xception and InceptionResNetV2 were trained to separate maps and pictorial maps. Results showed that the accuracy is 95–97% to distinguish maps from other images, whereas maps with pictorial objects are correctly classified at rates of 87–92%. For a third experiment, bounding boxes of 3200 sailing ships were annotated in historic maps from different digital libraries. Faster R-CNN and RetinaNet were compared to determine the box coordinates, while adjusting anchor scales and examining configurations for small objects. A resulting average precision of 32% was obtained for Faster R-CNN and of 36% for RetinaNet. Research outcomes are relevant for trawling map images on the Internet and for enhancing the advanced search of digital map catalogues.
{"title":"Detection of Pictorial Map Objects with Convolutional Neural Networks","authors":"R. Schnürer, R. Sieber, Jost Schmid-Lanter, A. C. Öztireli, L. Hurni","doi":"10.1080/00087041.2020.1738112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00087041.2020.1738112","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this work, realistically drawn objects are identified on digital maps by convolutional neural networks. For the first two experiments, 6200 images were retrieved from Pinterest. While alternating image input options, two binary classifiers based on Xception and InceptionResNetV2 were trained to separate maps and pictorial maps. Results showed that the accuracy is 95–97% to distinguish maps from other images, whereas maps with pictorial objects are correctly classified at rates of 87–92%. For a third experiment, bounding boxes of 3200 sailing ships were annotated in historic maps from different digital libraries. Faster R-CNN and RetinaNet were compared to determine the box coordinates, while adjusting anchor scales and examining configurations for small objects. A resulting average precision of 32% was obtained for Faster R-CNN and of 36% for RetinaNet. Research outcomes are relevant for trawling map images on the Internet and for enhancing the advanced search of digital map catalogues.","PeriodicalId":55971,"journal":{"name":"Cartographic Journal","volume":"58 1","pages":"50 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00087041.2020.1738112","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42400319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-02DOI: 10.1080/00087041.2019.1633103
R. Roth
ABSTRACT In this article, I review considerations and techniques for approaching cartographic design as visual storytelling. Stories, like maps, are a method for documenting and explaining, for meaningfully abstracting our experiences, for communicating and sharing, and for asserting a particular worldview. I argue that visual storytelling offers an entry point for hybridization in cartography, uniting technology with praxis, product with process, and design with critique while opening rich new avenues for transdisciplinary research and design. I begin by introducing influences on map-based visual storytelling and review ten recurring themes that make visual storytelling different from traditional perspectives on cartographic design. I then offer three of potentially many ways to articulate and organize the design space for map-based visual storytelling: foundational narrative elements and their adaptation to geographic phenomena and processes, visual storytelling genres delineating different story experiences, and visual storytelling tropes used to advance narratives across text, maps, images, and other multimedia. I conclude with a call for future research on visual storytelling in cartography, including visual design, visual ethics, and visual literacy.
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Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/00087041.2020.1714278
Krisztián Kerkovits
ABSTRACT In map projection theory, it is usual to utilize numerical quadrature rules to estimate the overall map distortion. However, it is not known which method is the most efficient to approximate this integral. In this paper, overall map distortion is calculated analytically by a computer algebra system. Various integration methods are compared to the exact results. Some calculations are also performed on irregular spherical polygons. Considering the experiments, the author suggests utilizing the first-order Gaussian quadrature as it always gave reasonable results, although it is not the best for all cases.
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Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/00087041.2020.1790881
Joy Slappnig
In the opening pages of his first book, a popular history of ‘The Great Game’ in nineteenth-century central Asia, Riaz Dean expresses regret that ‘the effort of native Asians (…) are less well ackn...
Riaz Dean在他的第一本书《19世纪中亚的伟大游戏》（the Great Game）的开头几页中对“亚裔原住民的努力（…）没有得到很好的认可…”表示遗憾。。。
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