Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00075-6
Svava Dogg Jonsdottir, Edda Bjork Thordardottir, Unnur Anna Valdimarsdottir, Thorhildur Halldorsdottir, Sigurbjorg Anna Gudnadottir, Johanna Jakobsdottir, Harpa Runarsdottir, Gunnar Tomasson, Thor Aspelund, Arna Hauksdottir
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Workplace sexual violence against women is a pressing global issue with scarce knowledge on its health implications. Existing research is largely limited to specific occupations, which calls for comprehensive, population-based studies. This study aimed to examine the associations between self-labelled workplace sexual violence and a variety of health outcomes in a nationally representative sample of Icelandic women aged 18-69 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants in this cross-sectional study were women in the Stress-And-Gene-Analysis (SAGA) cohort who answered the question regarding workplace sexual violence, defined in our study as encompassing all work sectors, academic settings, and other school environments. Eligible participants were women, aged 18-69 years, residing in Iceland, who spoke Icelandic and were listed in the Icelandic Population Register or had a contact number registered with the online 1819 service. Poisson and binomial regressions were used to assess the associations between workplace sexual violence and validated measures of current mental and physical health outcomes (eg, probable depression, general anxiety, and severe sleep problems). Multiple imputation was performed to account for missing values in the dataset.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The study was conducted from March 1, 2018, to July 1, 2019. Of the 113 814 women deemed eligible for study inclusion, 104 197 were invited to take part in the online survey. Of those invited, 30 403 women completed the survey and were included in the SAGA cohort. Among these participants, 15 812 provided answers to the question regarding exposure to workplace sexual harassment or violence. Exposure to sexual violence was associated with an increased prevalence of probable depression (prevalence ratio [PR] 1·50 [95% CI 1·41-1·60]), general anxiety (PR 1·49 [1·40-1·59]), social phobia (PR 1·62 [1·48-1·78]), self-harm (PR 1·86 [1·53-2·28]), suicidal ideation (PR 1·68 [1·44-1·68]), suicide attempts (PR 1·99 [1·62-2·44]), binge drinking (PR 1·10 [1·01-1·20]), sleep problems (PR 1·41 [1·48-1·91]), physical symptoms (PR 1·59 [1·48-1·70]), and sick leave (PR 1·20 [1·12-1·28]). The prevalence of the health outcomes among those exposed show age-related differences: younger women report anxiety or depression more frequently, while older women report sleep problems after experiencing workplace sexual violence.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>In this cross-sectional study self-reported experiences of sexual violence in the workplace were associated with several self-reported health outcomes. The findings suggest a need for targeted interventions to promote workplace safety and to mitigate adverse health implications among people who have experienced workplace sexual violence. Future research should explore factors such as the frequency, duration, and relationship dynamics of workplace sexual violence, as well as the effect on different gen
{"title":"Sexual violence in the workplace and associated health outcomes: a nationwide, cross-sectional analysis of women in Iceland.","authors":"Svava Dogg Jonsdottir, Edda Bjork Thordardottir, Unnur Anna Valdimarsdottir, Thorhildur Halldorsdottir, Sigurbjorg Anna Gudnadottir, Johanna Jakobsdottir, Harpa Runarsdottir, Gunnar Tomasson, Thor Aspelund, Arna Hauksdottir","doi":"10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00075-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00075-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Workplace sexual violence against women is a pressing global issue with scarce knowledge on its health implications. Existing research is largely limited to specific occupations, which calls for comprehensive, population-based studies. This study aimed to examine the associations between self-labelled workplace sexual violence and a variety of health outcomes in a nationally representative sample of Icelandic women aged 18-69 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants in this cross-sectional study were women in the Stress-And-Gene-Analysis (SAGA) cohort who answered the question regarding workplace sexual violence, defined in our study as encompassing all work sectors, academic settings, and other school environments. Eligible participants were women, aged 18-69 years, residing in Iceland, who spoke Icelandic and were listed in the Icelandic Population Register or had a contact number registered with the online 1819 service. Poisson and binomial regressions were used to assess the associations between workplace sexual violence and validated measures of current mental and physical health outcomes (eg, probable depression, general anxiety, and severe sleep problems). Multiple imputation was performed to account for missing values in the dataset.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The study was conducted from March 1, 2018, to July 1, 2019. Of the 113 814 women deemed eligible for study inclusion, 104 197 were invited to take part in the online survey. Of those invited, 30 403 women completed the survey and were included in the SAGA cohort. Among these participants, 15 812 provided answers to the question regarding exposure to workplace sexual harassment or violence. Exposure to sexual violence was associated with an increased prevalence of probable depression (prevalence ratio [PR] 1·50 [95% CI 1·41-1·60]), general anxiety (PR 1·49 [1·40-1·59]), social phobia (PR 1·62 [1·48-1·78]), self-harm (PR 1·86 [1·53-2·28]), suicidal ideation (PR 1·68 [1·44-1·68]), suicide attempts (PR 1·99 [1·62-2·44]), binge drinking (PR 1·10 [1·01-1·20]), sleep problems (PR 1·41 [1·48-1·91]), physical symptoms (PR 1·59 [1·48-1·70]), and sick leave (PR 1·20 [1·12-1·28]). The prevalence of the health outcomes among those exposed show age-related differences: younger women report anxiety or depression more frequently, while older women report sleep problems after experiencing workplace sexual violence.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>In this cross-sectional study self-reported experiences of sexual violence in the workplace were associated with several self-reported health outcomes. The findings suggest a need for targeted interventions to promote workplace safety and to mitigate adverse health implications among people who have experienced workplace sexual violence. Future research should explore factors such as the frequency, duration, and relationship dynamics of workplace sexual violence, as well as the effect on different gen","PeriodicalId":56027,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Public Health","volume":"9 6","pages":"e365-e375"},"PeriodicalIF":50.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11163433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141183663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00099-9
Spencer G Lawson, Evan M Lowder
{"title":"Community-centred strategies in public health surveillance.","authors":"Spencer G Lawson, Evan M Lowder","doi":"10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00099-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00099-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56027,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Public Health","volume":"9 6","pages":"e346-e347"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141185103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00076-8
Fatih Gezer, Kerry A Howard, Alain H Litwin, Natasha K Martin, Lior Rennert
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Opioid overdose and related diseases remain a growing public health crisis in the USA. Identifying sociostructural and other contextual factors associated with adverse health outcomes is needed to improve prediction models to inform policy and interventions. We aimed to identify high-risk communities for targeted delivery of screening and prevention interventions for opioid use disorder and hepatitis C virus (HCV).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this ecological and modelling study, we fit mixed-effects negative binomial regression models to identify factors associated with, and predict, opioid-related and HCV-related hospitalisations for ZIP code tabulation areas (ZCTAs) in South Carolina, USA. All individuals aged 18 years or older living in South Carolina from Jan 1, 2016, to Dec 31, 2021, were included. Data on opioid-related and HCV-related hospitalisations, as well as data on additional individual-level variables, were collected from medical claims records, which were obtained from the South Carolina Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office. Demographic and socioeconomic variables were obtained from the United States Census Bureau (American Community Survey, 2021) with additional structural health-care barrier data obtained from South Carolina's Center for Rural and Primary Health Care, and the American Hospital Directory.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Between Jan 1, 2016, and Dec 31, 2021, 41 691 individuals were hospitalised for opioid misuse and 26 860 were hospitalised for HCV. There were a median of 80 (IQR 24-213) opioid-related hospitalisations and 61 (21-196) HCV-related hospitalisations per ZCTA. A standard deviation increase in ZCTA-level uninsured rate (relative risk 1·24 [95% CI 1·17-1·31]), poverty rate (1·24 [1·17-1·31]), mortality (1·18 [1·12-1·25]), and social vulnerability index (1·17 [1·10-1·24]) was significantly associated with increased combined opioid-related and HCV-related hospitalisation rates. A standard deviation increase in ZCTA-level income (0·79 [0·75-0·84]) and unemployment rate (0·87 [0·82-0·93]) was significantly associated with decreased combined opioid-related and HCV-related hospitalisations. Using 2016-20 hospitalisations as training data, our models predicted ZCTA-level opioid-related hospitalisations in 2021 with a median of 80·4% (IQR 66·8-91·1) accuracy and HCV-related hospitalisations in 2021 with a median of 75·2% (61·2-87·7) accuracy. Several underserved high-risk ZCTAs were identified for delivery of targeted interventions.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Our results suggest that individuals from economically disadvantaged and medically under-resourced communities are more likely to have an opioid-related or HCV-related hospitalisation. In conjunction with hospitalisation forecasts, our results could be used to identify and prioritise high-risk, underserved communities for delivery of field-level interventions.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>South Carolina C
{"title":"Identification of factors associated with opioid-related and hepatitis C virus-related hospitalisations at the ZIP code area level in the USA: an ecological and modelling study.","authors":"Fatih Gezer, Kerry A Howard, Alain H Litwin, Natasha K Martin, Lior Rennert","doi":"10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00076-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00076-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Opioid overdose and related diseases remain a growing public health crisis in the USA. Identifying sociostructural and other contextual factors associated with adverse health outcomes is needed to improve prediction models to inform policy and interventions. We aimed to identify high-risk communities for targeted delivery of screening and prevention interventions for opioid use disorder and hepatitis C virus (HCV).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this ecological and modelling study, we fit mixed-effects negative binomial regression models to identify factors associated with, and predict, opioid-related and HCV-related hospitalisations for ZIP code tabulation areas (ZCTAs) in South Carolina, USA. All individuals aged 18 years or older living in South Carolina from Jan 1, 2016, to Dec 31, 2021, were included. Data on opioid-related and HCV-related hospitalisations, as well as data on additional individual-level variables, were collected from medical claims records, which were obtained from the South Carolina Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office. Demographic and socioeconomic variables were obtained from the United States Census Bureau (American Community Survey, 2021) with additional structural health-care barrier data obtained from South Carolina's Center for Rural and Primary Health Care, and the American Hospital Directory.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Between Jan 1, 2016, and Dec 31, 2021, 41 691 individuals were hospitalised for opioid misuse and 26 860 were hospitalised for HCV. There were a median of 80 (IQR 24-213) opioid-related hospitalisations and 61 (21-196) HCV-related hospitalisations per ZCTA. A standard deviation increase in ZCTA-level uninsured rate (relative risk 1·24 [95% CI 1·17-1·31]), poverty rate (1·24 [1·17-1·31]), mortality (1·18 [1·12-1·25]), and social vulnerability index (1·17 [1·10-1·24]) was significantly associated with increased combined opioid-related and HCV-related hospitalisation rates. A standard deviation increase in ZCTA-level income (0·79 [0·75-0·84]) and unemployment rate (0·87 [0·82-0·93]) was significantly associated with decreased combined opioid-related and HCV-related hospitalisations. Using 2016-20 hospitalisations as training data, our models predicted ZCTA-level opioid-related hospitalisations in 2021 with a median of 80·4% (IQR 66·8-91·1) accuracy and HCV-related hospitalisations in 2021 with a median of 75·2% (61·2-87·7) accuracy. Several underserved high-risk ZCTAs were identified for delivery of targeted interventions.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Our results suggest that individuals from economically disadvantaged and medically under-resourced communities are more likely to have an opioid-related or HCV-related hospitalisation. In conjunction with hospitalisation forecasts, our results could be used to identify and prioritise high-risk, underserved communities for delivery of field-level interventions.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>South Carolina C","PeriodicalId":56027,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Public Health","volume":"9 6","pages":"e354-e364"},"PeriodicalIF":50.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11163979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141183381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00106-3
The Lancet Public Health
{"title":"Rethinking information ecosystems and infodemics.","authors":"The Lancet Public Health","doi":"10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00106-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00106-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56027,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Public Health","volume":"9 6","pages":"e345"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141183657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00101-4
Linda L Magnusson Hanson
{"title":"Exposure to work-related sexual violence and health.","authors":"Linda L Magnusson Hanson","doi":"10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00101-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00101-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56027,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Public Health","volume":"9 6","pages":"e348-e349"},"PeriodicalIF":50.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141185104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00096-3
Sandra Feodor Nilsson, Thomas Munk Laursen, Lars Højsgaard Andersen, Merete Nordentoft, Seena Fazel
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Homelessness is associated with adverse health and social outcomes. People experiencing homelessness have been found to have a high risk of violent crime victimisation as well as high prevalence of psychiatric disorders. It is poorly understood whether experiencing homelessness is associated with additional risks of violent offending and whether psychiatric disorders contribute to these risks. We examined the association between homelessness, psychiatric disorders, and first violence offence leading to conviction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We did a nationwide, register-based cohort study of all Danish residents who were alive at least 1 day during the study period, born between Jan 1, 1980, and Dec 31, 2006, and aged 15 years or older retrieved from the Danish Civil Registration System, which was linked to registers with information on homelessness, health care, and criminality. The exposure was any experience of homelessness, which was defined as having at least one contact with a homeless shelter during the study period. The outcome was first violent offence leading to a conviction. We calculated incidence rates per 10 000 person-years, incidence rate ratios (IRRs) using Poisson regression analysis, and probability of conviction of a violent offence using an Aalen-Johansen estimator. Analyses were stratified by sex and adjusted for calendar year of the study period, age, other sociodemographic factors, and psychiatric disorders.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The study cohort included 1 786 433 Danish residents aged 15-42 years living in Denmark at some point from Jan 1, 2001, to Dec 31, 2021, contributing to 21 336 322 person-years at risk, of whom 57 084 (3·2%) individuals had their first violent offence leading to conviction during follow-up. 10 years after their first contact with a homeless shelter, 22·9% (95% CI 21·6-24·2) of men and 7·7% (6·8-8·7) of women had committed at least one violent crime leading to conviction. The fully adjusted IRRs of a violent offence leading to conviction were 4·8 (4·5-5·1) in men and 6·3 (5·6-7·2) in women experiencing homelessness compared with individuals who had not experienced homelessness. The IRR for a violent offence leading to conviction was highest in individuals experiencing homelessness and having co-occurring psychiatric disorders compared with those not experiencing homelessness and without co-occurring psychiatric disorders, especially drug use disorders (IRR in those experiencing homelessness and having a drug use disorder: 15·3 [14·1-16·7] in men and 40·1 [33·9-47·5] in women compared with individuals not experiencing homelessness and having no drug use disorder).</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Individuals experiencing homelessness had higher risks of a violent offence leading to conviction than those who had not experienced homelessness. In addition to preventing homelessness, public health and policy should consider how to reduce the risk of
{"title":"Homelessness, psychiatric disorders, and violence in Denmark: a population-based cohort study.","authors":"Sandra Feodor Nilsson, Thomas Munk Laursen, Lars Højsgaard Andersen, Merete Nordentoft, Seena Fazel","doi":"10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00096-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00096-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Homelessness is associated with adverse health and social outcomes. People experiencing homelessness have been found to have a high risk of violent crime victimisation as well as high prevalence of psychiatric disorders. It is poorly understood whether experiencing homelessness is associated with additional risks of violent offending and whether psychiatric disorders contribute to these risks. We examined the association between homelessness, psychiatric disorders, and first violence offence leading to conviction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We did a nationwide, register-based cohort study of all Danish residents who were alive at least 1 day during the study period, born between Jan 1, 1980, and Dec 31, 2006, and aged 15 years or older retrieved from the Danish Civil Registration System, which was linked to registers with information on homelessness, health care, and criminality. The exposure was any experience of homelessness, which was defined as having at least one contact with a homeless shelter during the study period. The outcome was first violent offence leading to a conviction. We calculated incidence rates per 10 000 person-years, incidence rate ratios (IRRs) using Poisson regression analysis, and probability of conviction of a violent offence using an Aalen-Johansen estimator. Analyses were stratified by sex and adjusted for calendar year of the study period, age, other sociodemographic factors, and psychiatric disorders.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The study cohort included 1 786 433 Danish residents aged 15-42 years living in Denmark at some point from Jan 1, 2001, to Dec 31, 2021, contributing to 21 336 322 person-years at risk, of whom 57 084 (3·2%) individuals had their first violent offence leading to conviction during follow-up. 10 years after their first contact with a homeless shelter, 22·9% (95% CI 21·6-24·2) of men and 7·7% (6·8-8·7) of women had committed at least one violent crime leading to conviction. The fully adjusted IRRs of a violent offence leading to conviction were 4·8 (4·5-5·1) in men and 6·3 (5·6-7·2) in women experiencing homelessness compared with individuals who had not experienced homelessness. The IRR for a violent offence leading to conviction was highest in individuals experiencing homelessness and having co-occurring psychiatric disorders compared with those not experiencing homelessness and without co-occurring psychiatric disorders, especially drug use disorders (IRR in those experiencing homelessness and having a drug use disorder: 15·3 [14·1-16·7] in men and 40·1 [33·9-47·5] in women compared with individuals not experiencing homelessness and having no drug use disorder).</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Individuals experiencing homelessness had higher risks of a violent offence leading to conviction than those who had not experienced homelessness. In addition to preventing homelessness, public health and policy should consider how to reduce the risk of ","PeriodicalId":56027,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Public Health","volume":"9 6","pages":"e376-e385"},"PeriodicalIF":50.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141183386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01Epub Date: 2024-03-26DOI: 10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00026-4
Jennifer Akl, Solam Lee, Hyun Jeong Ju, Rosa Parisi, Ji Yoon Kim, Jae Joon Jeon, Yeon-Woo Heo, Viktoria Eleftheriadou, Iltefat Hamzavi, Christopher E M Griffiths, Darren M Ashcroft, Venkataram Mysore, Somesh Gupta, Davinder Parsad, Henry Lim, Jung Min Bae, Khaled Ezzedine
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune disease characterised by depigmented skin patches, which can pose substantial psychosocial challenges particularly in individuals with dark skin tones. Despite its impact on quality of life, there is an absence of standardised global epidemiological data. We sought to address this gap with the present study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study we did a systematic review and modelling analysis to estimate the global, regional, and national prevalence and incidence of vitiligo. We did a comprehensive search of nine digital libraries (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scientific Electronic Library Online, KCI Korean Journal Database, Russian Science Citation Index, Western Pacific Region Index Medicus, Informit, and Health Research and Development Information Network) from inception up to May 25, 2023. We included cross-sectional or cohort studies reporting the incidence rate or prevalence of vitiligo, or data from which incidence rate or prevalence could be calculated, in the general population of a country or area of a country. Summary estimate data were extracted. A main outcome was to estimate the worldwide, regional, and country-specific lifetime prevalence of vitiligo diagnosed by physicians or dermatologists among the general population and in adults and children (as per age groups defined in included studies). We used a Bayesian hierarchical linear mixed model to estimate prevalence, and calculated number of affected individuals using the UN population structure in 2022. In estimating lifetime prevalence, studies reporting point or period prevalence were excluded. Our other main outcome was to estimate incidence rates of vitiligo, but due to a small number of studies, the data on incidence were presented in a descriptive summary. This study was registered on PROSPERO, CRD42023390433.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Our search identified 22 192 records, of which 90 studies met our inclusion criteria. Of these studies, six focused on the incidence of vitiligo, 79 reported on the prevalence of vitiligo, and five provided data on both incidence and prevalence. 71 studies reported on lifetime prevalence. In the most recent years studied, incidence rates in the general population ranged from 24·7 cases (95% CI 24·3-25·2) per 100 000 person-years in South Korea in 2019, to 61·0 cases (60·6-61·4) in the USA in 2017. In individual studies, incidence rates showed an increasing trend over the periods studied. The global lifetime prevalence of vitiligo diagnosed by a physician or dermatologist was estimated at 0·36% (95% credible interval [CrI] 0·24-0·54) in the general population (28·5 million people [95% CrI 18·9-42·6]), 0·67% (0·43-1·07) in the adult population (37·1 million adults [23·9-58·9]), and 0·24% (0·16-0·37) in the child population (5·8 million children [3·8-8·9]). Vitiligo prevalence was higher in adults than in children across all regions. Central Europe and south As
背景：白癜风是一种以皮肤色素脱失斑为特征的慢性自身免疫性疾病，会给患者，尤其是肤色较深的患者带来巨大的社会心理挑战。尽管白癜风会影响患者的生活质量，但目前尚缺乏标准化的全球流行病学数据。我们试图通过本研究填补这一空白：在本研究中，我们进行了系统回顾和建模分析，以估算全球、地区和国家的白癜风流行率和发病率。我们对九个数字图书馆（PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Scientific Electronic Library Online、KCI Korean Journal Database、Russian Science Citation Index、Western Pacific Region Index Medicus、Informit 和 Health Research and Development Information Network）进行了全面检索，检索时间从开始到 2023 年 5 月 25 日。我们纳入了报告一个国家或一个国家地区普通人群中白癜风发病率或流行率的横断面或队列研究，或可计算发病率或流行率的数据。提取了简要估计数据。主要研究结果之一是估算经内科医生或皮肤科医生诊断的白癜风在普通人群、成人和儿童（根据纳入研究中定义的年龄组）中的全球、地区和特定国家的终生发病率。我们采用贝叶斯分层线性混合模型来估算患病率，并根据联合国2022年的人口结构来计算患病人数。在估算终生流行率时，排除了报告点流行率或阶段流行率的研究。我们的另一个主要结果是估算白癜风的发病率，但由于研究数量较少，发病率数据以描述性摘要的形式呈现。本研究已在 PROSPERO 上注册，注册号为 CRD42023390433：我们的搜索发现了 22 192 条记录，其中 90 项研究符合我们的纳入标准。在这些研究中，6 项研究关注白癜风的发病率，79 项研究报告了白癜风的患病率，5 项研究同时提供了发病率和患病率的数据。71项研究报告了终生发病率。在最近几年的研究中，普通人群的发病率从2019年韩国的每10万人年24-7例（95% CI 24-3-25-2）到2017年美国的61-0例（60-6-61-4）不等。在个别研究中，发病率在研究期间呈上升趋势。经内科医生或皮肤科医生诊断的全球白癜风终生患病率估计为：普通人群（2800-500万人[95% CrI 18-9-42-6]）0-36%（95%可信区间[CrI] 0-24-0-54），成人人群（3700-100万成人[23-9-58-9]）0-67%（0-43-1-07），儿童人群（500-800万儿童[3-8-8-9]）0-24%（0-16-0-37）。在所有地区，成人白癜风发病率均高于儿童。中欧和南亚的发病率最高（在普通人群中分别为 0-52% [0-28-1-07] 和 0-52% [0-33-0-82]）：这项研究强调了在全球范围内收集标准化流行病学数据的必要性，以便为公共卫生政策提供信息，并改善白癜风的诊断和管理。强调对肤色较深的人的影响对于减少耻辱感和提高生活质量至关重要。此外，我们的研究还强调，有必要在历来代表性不足的地区和人群中开展更多研究，以有效解决白癜风给全世界带来的负担：无。
{"title":"Estimating the burden of vitiligo: a systematic review and modelling study.","authors":"Jennifer Akl, Solam Lee, Hyun Jeong Ju, Rosa Parisi, Ji Yoon Kim, Jae Joon Jeon, Yeon-Woo Heo, Viktoria Eleftheriadou, Iltefat Hamzavi, Christopher E M Griffiths, Darren M Ashcroft, Venkataram Mysore, Somesh Gupta, Davinder Parsad, Henry Lim, Jung Min Bae, Khaled Ezzedine","doi":"10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00026-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00026-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune disease characterised by depigmented skin patches, which can pose substantial psychosocial challenges particularly in individuals with dark skin tones. Despite its impact on quality of life, there is an absence of standardised global epidemiological data. We sought to address this gap with the present study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study we did a systematic review and modelling analysis to estimate the global, regional, and national prevalence and incidence of vitiligo. We did a comprehensive search of nine digital libraries (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scientific Electronic Library Online, KCI Korean Journal Database, Russian Science Citation Index, Western Pacific Region Index Medicus, Informit, and Health Research and Development Information Network) from inception up to May 25, 2023. We included cross-sectional or cohort studies reporting the incidence rate or prevalence of vitiligo, or data from which incidence rate or prevalence could be calculated, in the general population of a country or area of a country. Summary estimate data were extracted. A main outcome was to estimate the worldwide, regional, and country-specific lifetime prevalence of vitiligo diagnosed by physicians or dermatologists among the general population and in adults and children (as per age groups defined in included studies). We used a Bayesian hierarchical linear mixed model to estimate prevalence, and calculated number of affected individuals using the UN population structure in 2022. In estimating lifetime prevalence, studies reporting point or period prevalence were excluded. Our other main outcome was to estimate incidence rates of vitiligo, but due to a small number of studies, the data on incidence were presented in a descriptive summary. This study was registered on PROSPERO, CRD42023390433.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Our search identified 22 192 records, of which 90 studies met our inclusion criteria. Of these studies, six focused on the incidence of vitiligo, 79 reported on the prevalence of vitiligo, and five provided data on both incidence and prevalence. 71 studies reported on lifetime prevalence. In the most recent years studied, incidence rates in the general population ranged from 24·7 cases (95% CI 24·3-25·2) per 100 000 person-years in South Korea in 2019, to 61·0 cases (60·6-61·4) in the USA in 2017. In individual studies, incidence rates showed an increasing trend over the periods studied. The global lifetime prevalence of vitiligo diagnosed by a physician or dermatologist was estimated at 0·36% (95% credible interval [CrI] 0·24-0·54) in the general population (28·5 million people [95% CrI 18·9-42·6]), 0·67% (0·43-1·07) in the adult population (37·1 million adults [23·9-58·9]), and 0·24% (0·16-0·37) in the child population (5·8 million children [3·8-8·9]). Vitiligo prevalence was higher in adults than in children across all regions. Central Europe and south As","PeriodicalId":56027,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"e386-e396"},"PeriodicalIF":50.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140327438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01Epub Date: 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00073-2
Bastian Herre, Lucas Rodés-Guirao, Edouard Mathieu, Hannah Ritchie, Charlie Giattino, Joe Hasell, Saloni Dattani, Esteban Ortiz-Ospina, Max Roser
Without data, knowing how to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic would have been impossible. Data were crucial to understanding how the disease spread and which efforts successfully protected people. Yet, national agencies often did not publish their data in an optimal way, which made responding to the pandemic challenging. Therefore, learning from what went well and what did not for the future is crucial. Drawing on our first-hand experience of republishing COVID-19 data, we identify seven best practices for how to publish data in an optimal way: collect the data that are relevant; make them comparable; clearly document the data; share them frequently and promptly; publish data at a stable location; choose a reusable format; and license others to reuse the data. These best practices are straightforward, inexpensive, and achievable, with some countries already having implemented most of them during the COVID-19 pandemic. More government agencies following these best practices will enable others to access their data and address the world's public health challenges-including the next pandemic.
{"title":"Best practices for government agencies to publish data: lessons from COVID-19.","authors":"Bastian Herre, Lucas Rodés-Guirao, Edouard Mathieu, Hannah Ritchie, Charlie Giattino, Joe Hasell, Saloni Dattani, Esteban Ortiz-Ospina, Max Roser","doi":"10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00073-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00073-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Without data, knowing how to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic would have been impossible. Data were crucial to understanding how the disease spread and which efforts successfully protected people. Yet, national agencies often did not publish their data in an optimal way, which made responding to the pandemic challenging. Therefore, learning from what went well and what did not for the future is crucial. Drawing on our first-hand experience of republishing COVID-19 data, we identify seven best practices for how to publish data in an optimal way: collect the data that are relevant; make them comparable; clearly document the data; share them frequently and promptly; publish data at a stable location; choose a reusable format; and license others to reuse the data. These best practices are straightforward, inexpensive, and achievable, with some countries already having implemented most of them during the COVID-19 pandemic. More government agencies following these best practices will enable others to access their data and address the world's public health challenges-including the next pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":56027,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"e407-e410"},"PeriodicalIF":50.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11136672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140860692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00071-9
Eva Kibele, Alyson van Raalte
{"title":"Challenges in assessing area-level mortality inequalities.","authors":"Eva Kibele, Alyson van Raalte","doi":"10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00071-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00071-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56027,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Public Health","volume":"9 5","pages":"e278-e279"},"PeriodicalIF":50.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140869114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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