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Non-traditional applications of fire in fossil preparation 火在化石制备中的非传统应用
IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2021-06-07 DOI: 10.26879/1149
M. Brown, C. Holliday
Fossils have been collected from the field in plaster and burlap field jackets for more than a century. These jackets support and protect the contained fossils until they can be exposed under controlled conditions in the laboratory. The challenging nature of field work and complications caused by limited time, adverse weather, or supply shortages often produce suboptimal jackets that are less protective or difficult to remove. Often, the growth of vegetation through rock and fossils or poorly consolidated sediments compromises the stability of the jacket contents. In such cases, traditional methods of field jacket removal and fossil preparation can cause damage or destruction of the fossils within. We experimented with controlled application of flame to burn away organic materials from field jackets to facilitate safer extraction of sauropod fossils from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. To remove the field jacket, acetone was applied to burlap as an accelerant and then ignited with a propane torch. Combined with scoring from a utility knife, this caused the jacket to slowly weaken to the point of pliability and allow safe removal. Direct flame was also applied to plant roots infiltrating the jacket to remove them without causing vibration and mechanical damage within the specimen. Experimentation showed that with monitoring, temperatures did not reach levels that would damage the specimens through thermal shock or discoloration. Subsequent applications of these techniques demonstrate that they can be applied safely when specimens would be destroyed using more conservative methods. Matthew A. Brown. Texas Vertebrate Paleontology Collections, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA., matthewbrown@utexas.edu Casey M. Holliday. Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA and Texas Vertebrate Paleontology Collections, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA. hollidayca@health.missouri.edu MAB ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2713-1161 CMH ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8210-8434
一个多世纪以来,人们一直穿着石膏和粗麻布的野外夹克从野外采集化石。这些夹克支撑和保护所含化石,直到它们能够在实验室的受控条件下暴露出来。现场工作的挑战性和时间有限、恶劣天气或供应短缺造成的复杂性往往会产生保护性较差或难以拆除的次优夹克。通常,植被通过岩石和化石或固结不良的沉积物的生长会损害导管架内容物的稳定性。在这种情况下,传统的野外护套移除和化石制备方法可能会对内部化石造成损坏或破坏。我们试验了有控制地应用火焰来烧掉野外夹克中的有机物质,以便于更安全地提取马达加斯加白垩纪晚期的蜥脚类化石。为了去除现场护套,将丙酮作为促进剂应用于粗麻布上,然后用丙烷火炬点燃。再加上美工刀的刻痕,这导致夹克慢慢变软,达到柔韧的程度,可以安全地取出。直接火焰也应用于渗入护套的植物根部,以去除它们,而不会在样品内引起振动和机械损伤。实验表明,通过监测,温度不会达到因热冲击或变色而损坏试样的水平。这些技术的后续应用表明,当使用更保守的方法破坏试样时,它们可以安全地应用。马修·A·布朗。得克萨斯脊椎动物古生物学收藏,得克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校,美国得克萨斯州奥斯汀。,matthewbrown@utexas.edu凯西·M·霍利迪。密苏里大学病理学和解剖学系,美国密苏里州哥伦比亚市和得克萨斯大学古脊椎动物收藏馆,得克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校,美国得克萨斯州奥斯汀市。hollidayca@health.missouri.eduMAB ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2713-1161CMH ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8210-8434
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引用次数: 0
A large, pathological skeleton of Smilosuchus gregorii (Archosauriformes: Phytosauria) from the Upper Triassic of Arizona, U.S.A., with discussion of the paleobiological implications of paleopathology in fossil archosauromorphs 美国亚利桑那州上三叠世格里高利剑龙(原蜥脚类:植物蜥脚类)的大型病理骨架,并讨论了原蜥脚类化石中古病理学的古生物意义
IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2021-06-05 DOI: 10.26879/1123
A. Heckert, T. Viner, M. Carrano
Phytosaurs were a widespread clade of Triassic predatory archosauriforms whose skull anatomy is well known, but whose paleobiology is underexplored. Here we report on a well-preserved specimen from Adamanian (early–mid-Norian) strata in Arizona that includes not only the skull and lower jaws but much of the postcranial skeleton, which exhibits extensive evidence of pathologies. This specimen has a complex taxonomic history, and we verify its referral to Smilosuchus gregorii based on multiple cranial characters. The shafts of eight limb bones preserve extensive exostoses—more paleopathological elements than in any other Triassic archosauromorph. These exostoses are often centered on cavitations reminiscent of draining tracts. Extensive, irregular, proliferative lesions have completely engulfed the left deltopectoral crest and thoroughly altered the architecture of both femora. The animal’s presumed low metabolic rate would have allowed several months of lesion progression before it died of either nutritional deficiency or systemic infection. This is the fourth, and by far the most extensive, report of pathology in a phytosaur, and only the eighth in a non-dinosaurian Triassic archosauromorph. The character and location of the lesions evokes aspects of both osteomyelitis and hypertrophic osteopathy—though neither is fully consistent with the changes present, nor are these conditions well-explored in extant reptiles. The most likely cause of the pathologies exhibited here is osteomyelitis; indeed, this specimen bears more osteomyelitis-like paleopathological elements than any other fossil archosaur. Andrew B. Heckert. Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Appalachian State University, ASU Box 32067, Boone, North Carolina 28608-2067 USA. heckertab@appstate.edu Tabitha C. Viner. USFWS National Fish and Wildlife Forensic Laboratory, 1490 E. Main St. Ashland, Oregon 97520, USA. tabitha_viner@fws.gov Matthew T. Carrano. Department of Paleobiology, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 121, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA. carranom@si.edu HECKERT, VINER, & CARRANO: PATHOLOGICAL PHYTOSAUR 2
植龙是三叠纪掠食性始龙类的一个广泛分支,其头骨解剖结构众所周知,但其古生物学尚未得到充分研究。在这里,我们报告了一个保存完好的标本,它来自亚利桑那州的Adamanian(早-中- norian)地层,不仅包括头骨和下颚,还包括大部分颅后骨骼,这显示了广泛的病理证据。该标本具有复杂的分类学历史,我们根据多个颅骨特征验证了其与gregorii Smilosuchus的关系。八根肢骨的骨轴保存了大量的外骨骼——比任何其他三叠纪始祖恐龙都要多。这些外生瘤通常以空洞为中心,类似于排水道。广泛、不规则、增殖性病变已完全吞没左三角胸峰,并彻底改变了双股的结构。据推测,这只动物的代谢率很低,在它死于营养缺乏或全身性感染之前,可能会有几个月的病变进展。这是第四份,也是迄今为止最广泛的一份关于植龙病理的报告,而在非恐龙的三叠纪原龙中只有第八份。病变的特征和位置让人联想到骨髓炎和肥厚性骨病——尽管两者都不完全符合目前的变化,也没有在现存的爬行动物身上得到充分的研究。最可能的病因是骨髓炎;事实上,这个标本比任何其他的祖龙化石都具有更多的骨髓炎样的古病理因素。安德鲁·b·赫克特。美国阿巴拉契亚州立大学地质与环境科学系,美国北卡罗来纳州布恩28608-2067heckertab@appstate.edu Tabitha C. Viner。美国渔业和野生动物管理局国家鱼类和野生动物法医实验室,1490 E. Main St. Ashland,俄勒冈97520,美国。tabitha_viner@fws.gov马修·t·卡拉诺。美国华盛顿特区,20013-7012,史密森学会,MRC 121,邮编37012carranom@si.edu赫克特,维纳,和卡拉诺:病理植物龙2
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引用次数: 4
Palaeoecology and sea level changes: Decline of mammal species richness during late Quaternary island formation in the Montebello Islands, north-western Australia 古生态学和海平面变化:澳大利亚西北部蒙特贝洛群岛第四纪晚期岛屿形成期间哺乳动物物种丰富度的下降
IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2021-06-03 DOI: 10.26879/1050
C. Piper, P. Veth
Changes in sea level and the formation of islands impact the distributions and abundances of local flora and fauna, with palaeo-environmental investigations providing a context for biological conservation. The palaeo-environmental knowledge of the north-west of Australia during the late Quaternary is sparse, particularly the impact of island formation on local faunas. In 1991 and 1993 Peter Veth and colleagues conducted archaeological surveys of the Montebello Islands, an archipelago situated 70 – 90 km from the present-day coastline of north-west Australia. A group of three caves were found during this survey on the eastern side of Campbell Island. Two of the caves, Noala and Hayne’s Caves, were analysed by Veth and colleagues in the early 1990s; the last cave, Morgan’s Cave, remained unanalysed because it contained negligible archaeological material. It provides an opportunity to refine the interpretation of palaeo-environmental conditions, further information on the original pre-European fauna of the north-west shelf, the formation of the islands due to sea level rise, and the impact of sea level rise on local faunas. The fossil fauna assemblage of Morgan’s Cave was sorted, identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible, and counted for analysis on relative abundance for paleoenvironmental interpretation. There are marked patterns of species loss and changing relative abundances in certain species, consistent with island formation due to sea level rise. This palaeoecological interpretation can be used in conservation efforts on nearby Barrow Island, a Class A ecological reserve, and management of faunas in conservation reserves and on islands. Cassia J. Piper. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Western Australian Museum, 49 Kew Street, Welshpool, 6101. cassia.piper@gmail.com Peter M. Veth. Indian Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009. Peter.Veth@uwa.edu.au PIPER & VETH: PALAEOECOLOGY AND RISING SEAS 2
海平面的变化和岛屿的形成影响了当地动植物的分布和丰度,古环境调查为生物保护提供了背景。澳大利亚西北部第四纪晚期的古环境知识很少,尤其是岛屿形成对当地动物群的影响。1991年和1993年,Peter Veth及其同事对蒙特贝洛群岛进行了考古调查,该群岛距离现在的澳大利亚西北部海岸线70-90公里。在这次调查中,在坎贝尔岛东侧发现了一组三个洞穴。Veth及其同事在20世纪90年代初对其中两个洞穴Noala和Hayne洞穴进行了分析;最后一个洞穴,摩根洞穴,仍然没有被分析,因为它包含的考古材料微不足道。它提供了一个机会来完善对古环境条件的解释,进一步了解西北陆架原始前欧洲动物群、海平面上升导致的岛屿形成以及海平面上升对当地动物群的影响。对摩根洞穴的动物化石组合进行了分类,确定了尽可能低的分类水平,并对其进行了计数,以进行相对丰度分析,从而进行古环境解释。某些物种存在明显的物种损失和相对丰度变化模式,这与海平面上升导致的岛屿形成一致。这一古生态解释可用于附近的a级生态保护区巴罗岛的保护工作,以及保护区和岛屿上动物群的管理。Cassia J.Piper。地球和行星科学系,西澳大利亚博物馆,韦尔什普尔邱街49号,6101。cassia.piper@gmail.comPeter M.Veth。西澳大利亚大学印度洋研究所,西澳州珀斯,邮编6009。Peter.Veth@uwa.edu.auPIPER&VETH:古生态学与海平面上升2
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引用次数: 2
A megatoothed shark (Carcharocles angustidens) nursery in the Oligocene Charleston Embayment, South Carolina, USA 美国南卡罗来纳州查尔斯顿湾渐新世的一种巨齿鲨(Carcharocles angustidens)幼崽
IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.26879/1148
A. Miller, M. Gibson, R. Boessenecker
Many extant sharks are cosmopolitan as adults but inhabit nursery areas as youngsters often shallow, dynamic ecosystems with abundant prey for neonates and juveniles. Megatoothed sharks (Otodontidae) were the largest sharks of all time, and nursery areas have been demonstrated for Carcharocles megalodon in the Miocene of Panama, Spain, Florida, and Maryland. An earlier study hypothesized a nursery area for Carcharocles angustidens in the upper Oligocene (23-25 Ma) Chandler Bridge Formation of Charleston, South Carolina. We tested this by reporting and analyzing two collections (n=127) dominated by small teeth of C. angustidens from the Chandler Bridge Formation and some teeth from the underlying lower Oligocene (29-26.57 Ma) Ashley Formation (n=9). Correcting for tooth position, published body length estimation equations yielded body length estimates of 1.5-6.5 m for most individuals. Size-based assignment to age classes (neonates, juveniles, adults) is modified from the larger C. megalodon and scaled based on the largest available specimens of C. angustidens, reported herein. These assemblages are dominated by small individuals (juveniles and neonates) and include few adults. The Oligocene Charleston embayment therefore represents the first documented paleo-nursery area for C. angustidens. Addison Miller. Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina 29424, USA. addisonemiller12@gmail.com Matthew Gibson. Charleston Museum, Charleston, South Carolina 29403, USA. mgibson@charlestonmuseum.org Robert Boessenecker, Mace Brown Museum of Natural History and Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences, College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina 29424, USA. Corresponding Author. boesseneckerrw@cofc.edu
许多现存的鲨鱼成年后都是世界性的,但幼年时栖息在保育区,通常是浅层、动态的生态系统,新生儿和幼年时有大量猎物。巨齿鲨(Otodontidae)是有史以来最大的鲨鱼,在巴拿马、西班牙、佛罗里达和马里兰州的中新世,巨齿鲨的繁殖区已经被证明。早期的一项研究假设,在南卡罗来纳州查尔斯顿的上渐新世(23-25 Ma)钱德勒桥组中,有一个angustidens Carcharocles的苗圃区。我们通过报告和分析两个集合(n=127)来验证这一点,这两个集合主要是钱德勒桥组的C.angustidens的小牙齿和下渐新世(29-26.57Ma)Ashley组的一些牙齿(n=9)。通过校正牙齿位置,已发表的体长估计方程得出大多数个体的体长估算值为1.5-6.5米。基于大小的年龄分类(新生儿、青少年、成年人)是根据较大的巨齿龙进行修改的,并根据本文报道的最大可用的狭齿龙标本进行缩放。这些群落以小型个体(青少年和新生儿)为主,很少有成年人。因此,渐新世查尔斯顿湾是第一个有记载的安氏锥虫古繁殖区。艾迪森·米勒。美国南卡罗来纳州查尔斯顿市查尔斯顿学院地质与环境地质系29424。addisonemiller12@gmail.com马修·吉布森。查尔斯顿博物馆,美国南卡罗来纳州查尔斯顿29403。mgibson@charlestonmuseum.orgRobert Boessenecker,梅斯·布朗自然历史博物馆和地质与环境地质系,查尔斯顿学院,查尔斯顿,南卡罗来纳州29424。通讯作者。boesseneckerrw@cofc.edu
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引用次数: 3
Modern vegetation proxies reflect Palaeogene and Neogene vegetation evolution and climate change in Europe, Turkey, and Armenia 现代植被指标反映了欧洲、土耳其和亚美尼亚的古近纪和新近纪植被演变和气候变化
IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2021-05-17 DOI: 10.26879/1131
J. Kovar-Eder, P. Mazouch, V. Teodoridis, A. Roth-Nebelsick, C. Traiser, Janina Wypich
Recently two tools, Drudge 1 and 2, were introduced to more easily assess modern vegetation proxies for the fossil record. They are based on three similarities: the Integrated Plant Record (IPR) Similarity assessing the similarity between fossil assemblages and modern vegetation based on the proportion of major zonal angiosperm components; the Taxonomic Similarity (TS) reflecting the similarity based on the coincidence of genera among the fossil record and modern vegetation; and the combination of both similarities (Results Mix). In this paper, we apply Drudge 1 and 2 to 54 fossil plant assemblages from Europe, Turkey, and Armenia covering the time span from the early Eocene to the Pleistocene. For every fossil plant assemblage, a set of 25 proxies (modern vegetation units) is derived by the Drudges, reflecting its physiognomy and floristic composition. The results for all fossil plant assemblages feature the overall vegetation evolution and climate change in Europe, Turkey, and Armenia providing deeper insight into the relationships of the fossil record to the modern Asian and European vegetation. This study strives to provide an improved understanding of the Palaeogene/Neogene vegetation evolution in Europe and Asia beyond the community of specialists. Our results can help model future scenarios. They also improve our understanding of how climate change may affect vegetation and more broadly ecosystems as a whole. Johanna Kovar-Eder. State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany. johanna.eder@smns-bw.de Petr Mazouch. Faculty of Informatics and Statistics, University of Economics, Prague, Czech Republic. mazouchp@vse.cz Vasilis Teodoridis. Department of Biology and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Education, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. vasilis.teodoridis@pedf.cuni.cz Anita Roth-Nebelsick. State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany. anita.rothnebelsick@smns-bw.de KOVAR-EDER ET AL.: VEGETATION EVOLUTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE 2 Christopher Traiser. University Tübingen, Departement of Geoscience, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, 72076 Tübingen, Germany. christopher.traiser@uni-tuebingen.de Janina Wypich. State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany. janina.wypich@smns-bw.de
最近,Drudge 1和2这两种工具被引入,以更容易地评估化石记录的现代植被指标。它们基于三个相似性:综合植物记录(IPR)相似性,根据主要地带被子植物成分的比例评估化石组合和现代植被之间的相似性;分类相似性(TS)反映了化石记录与现代植被之间基于属属一致性的相似性;以及两者相似性的组合(Results Mix)。在本文中,我们将Drudge 1和2应用于来自欧洲、土耳其和亚美尼亚的54个植物化石组合,涵盖了从始新世早期到更新世的时间跨度。对于每一个化石植物组合,Drudges都会得出一组25个代表(现代植被单元),反映其地貌和区系组成。所有化石植物组合的结果都以欧洲、土耳其和亚美尼亚的整体植被进化和气候变化为特征,为化石记录与现代亚洲和欧洲植被的关系提供了更深入的见解。这项研究致力于在专家群体之外,更好地了解欧洲和亚洲的古第三纪/新第三纪植被演化。我们的研究结果可以帮助模拟未来的情景。它们还提高了我们对气候变化如何影响植被和更广泛的生态系统的理解。Johanna Kovar Eder。斯图加特国家自然历史博物馆,罗森斯坦1号,70191斯图加特,德国。johanna.eder@smns-bw.dePetr Mazuch。捷克共和国布拉格经济大学信息学和统计学院。mazouchp@vse.cz瓦西里斯·特奥多里迪斯。捷克共和国布拉格查尔斯大学教育学院生物与环境研究系。vasilis.teodoridis@pedf.cuni.czAnita Roth Nebelsick。斯图加特国家自然历史博物馆,罗森斯坦1号,70191斯图加特,德国。anita.rothnebelsick@smns-bw.deKOVAR-DER等人:植被进化与气候变化2 Christopher Traiser。图宾根大学地球科学系,Schnarrenbergstr。94-9672076德国图宾根。christopher.traiser@uni-tuebingen.deJanina Wypich。斯图加特国家自然历史博物馆,罗森斯坦1号,70191斯图加特,德国。janina.wypich@smns-bw.de
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引用次数: 2
Paleoclimate and paleoecology of the Upper Oligocene Tehuacán Formation, Puebla State, Mexico, as determined from wood anatomical characters 墨西哥普埃布拉州上渐新世Tehuacán组的古气候和古生态——以木材解剖特征为依据
IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2021-05-06 DOI: 10.26879/1136
Marco A. Rubalcava-Knoth, S. Cevallos-Ferriz
Climatic conditions that prevailed during the deposition time of the Tehuacán Formation, Mexico (upper Oligocene) are proposed based on a previous model using wood anatomical characters. Different paleoclimatic variables were calculated, and the anatomical characteristics of the Tehuacán Formation paleoflora were compared with the characteristics of other extant and fossil plant communities to infer water conductive capacities of the Tehuacán Fm. plants. The paleoclimatic inference suggests that the environmental conditions under which the fossilized plants of the Tehuacán Fm. grew were seasonally warm and humid. Statistical analysis and the presence of growth rings in some woods suggest that the paleoflora of the Tehuacán Fm. were similar to extant tropical communities such as tropical semi-deciduous forests and the tropical deciduous forests, most probably representing a transitional community: containing plants that were efficient in transporting water like those in the tropical wet forests, but with phenological adaptations typical of drier tropical forests. Marco A. Rubalcava-Knoth. Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Geología, UNAM; Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito de la Investigación Científica, Copilco El Alto, Coyoacán; 04510 Mexico D.F., Mexico. paleoplantas@gmail.com Sergio R.S. Cevallos-Ferriz. Departamento de Paleontología, Instituto de Geología, UNAM; Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito de la Investigación Científica, Copilco El Alto, Coyoacán; 04510 Mexico D.F., Mexico. scrscfpb@unam.mx
根据先前使用木材解剖特征的模型,提出了墨西哥Tehuacán组沉积时期(渐新世晚期)的气候条件。计算了不同的古气候变量,并将Tehuacán组古植物群的解剖特征与其他现存和化石植物群落的特征进行了比较,以推断Tehuacón组植物的导水能力。古气候推断表明,特华坎组植物化石生长的环境条件是季节性温暖潮湿的。统计分析和一些树林中生长环的存在表明,特华坎组的古植物群与现存的热带群落相似,如热带半落叶林和热带落叶林,很可能代表了一个过渡群落:包含像热带湿林中那样高效运水的植物,但具有典型的干旱热带森林的酚类适应性。Marco A.Rubalcava Knoth。Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas,UNAM地质研究所;Ciudad Universitaria、Circuito de la Investigación Científica、Copilco El Alto、Coyoacán;04510墨西哥D.F.,墨西哥。paleoplantas@gmail.comSergio R.S.Cevallos Ferriz。古生物学部,地质研究所,UNAM;Ciudad Universitaria、Circuito de la Investigación Científica、Copilco El Alto、Coyoacán;04510墨西哥D.F.,墨西哥。scrscfpb@unam.mx
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引用次数: 2
Termite nests in eolian backshore settings: An unusual record throughout the Quaternary in the Neotropical realm 风成后海岸环境中的白蚁巢:整个第四纪在新热带地区的不寻常记录
IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2021-04-25 DOI: 10.26879/1146
Karen Yahaira Solano Ramos, R. Netto, Daniel Sedorko
In this paper, we report the unusual presence of extant termite nests in frontal beach eolian sandy substrates in the Rio Grande do Sul Coastal Plain (southernmost Brazil) and describe the nest architectures, aiming to compare them with termite fossil nests preserved in Pleistocene backshore deposits of this same coastal plain. Four sites were analyzed along the modern beach, and the architecture of the termite nests was described. The nests are composed of a rounded convex epigeal portion and a hypogeal portion with variable dimensions formed by interconnecting spherical to semispherical chambers. Considering that termites are assumed to colonize more mature, vegetated soils due to the need for abundant cellulosic material, the occurrence of termite nests in backshore dunes close to the shoreline opens a discussion about the distribution and habit of termites and the applicability of their trace fossils for paleoenvironmental reconstitutions. Kimberly Silva Ramos. ICHNOS Research Group, Geology Graduate Program, Unisinos University, Av. Unisinos, 950, 93022-000, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil. kimberlyr@edu.unisinos.br Renata Guimarães Netto. ICHNOS Research Group, Geology Graduate Program, Unisinos University, Av. Unisinos, 950, 93022-000, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil. nettorg@unisinos.br Daniel Sedorko. ICHNOS Research Group, Geology Graduate Program, Unisinos University, Av. Unisinos, 950, 93022-000, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil and Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Laboratório de Paleontologia Aplicada, Campus Monte Carmelo. Av. XV de Novembro, 501, Boa Vista, Monte Carmelo – MG. 38500-000, Brazil. sedorko@ufu.br
在这篇论文中,我们报道了在里约热内卢Grande do Sul海岸平原(巴西最南端)的前缘海滩风成沙基质中现存白蚁巢穴的不寻常存在,并描述了巢穴的结构,旨在将它们与保存在同一海岸平原更新世后海岸沉积物中的白蚁化石巢穴进行比较。分析了现代海滩沿线的四个地点,并描述了白蚁巢的结构。巢由圆形凸的上表皮部分和具有可变尺寸的下表皮部分组成,该下表皮部分通过连接球形至半球形腔室形成。考虑到白蚁因需要丰富的纤维素物质而被认为在更成熟的植被土壤中定居,白蚁巢在靠近海岸线的后海岸沙丘中的出现,开启了关于白蚁分布和习性及其痕迹化石在古环境重建中的适用性的讨论。金伯利·席尔瓦·拉莫斯。Unisinos大学地质研究生项目研究小组,Unisinos, 950,93022000,巴西RS o Leopoldo。kimberlyr@edu.unisinos.br Renata guimar es Netto。Unisinos大学地质研究生项目研究小组,Unisinos, 950,93022000,巴西RS o Leopoldo。nettorg@unisinos.br丹尼尔·塞多科。Unisinos大学地质研究生项目研究小组,Unisinos, 950, 9302.2 000,巴西,RS, o Leopoldo和印度联邦大学,Laboratório de古生物学应用,Monte Carmelo校区。11月15日,501,博阿维斯塔,蒙特卡梅罗- MG。38500 - 000年,巴西。sedorko@ufu.br
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引用次数: 1
New findings of Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis in Siberia 标题西伯利亚金Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis的新发现
IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2021-04-16 DOI: 10.26879/734
Y. V. Lobachev, А.V. Shpansky, A. A. Bondarev, A. Lobachev, S. Vasiliev, A. M. Klementev, I. Grebnev, V. Silaev
New findings of Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis (Jäger, 1839) remains, obtained from the Asian part of Russia, are described. The material includes 39 specimens from 13 localities in West Siberia and East Siberia. It considerably expands the geographic distribution of this species of rhinoceros. A series of 11 mandibles from Siberia, including one juvenile individual with deciduous teeth, is described for the first time. We also present a large set of data on well-preserved postcranial remains. The morphology and sizes of mandibles, teeth, and postcranial remains of adult individuals of S. kirchbergensis from Siberia are similar to individuals of this species described from European localities. A series of upper teeth was subjected to mesowear analysis to assess the diet of S. kirchbergensis from West Siberia. The chemical composition (including stable isotopes) of the Siberian Stephanorhinus teeth is analyzed for the first time. Comparisons of Siberian S. kirchbergensis with European S. kirchbergensis and West Siberian Coelodonta antiquitatis broaden our understanding of the ecology, variability, and evolution of S. kirchbergensis under climatic changes in continental settings from the Middle to the Late Pleistocene. Despite small samples, we can suppose that S. kirchbergensis was widely distributed in Siberia. Y.V. Lobachev. PAO Novosibirsk Institute of Software Systems, Novosibirsk, Russia. yvlobachev@gmail.com А.V. Shpansky. Tomsk State University, Russia. shpansky@ggf.tsu.ru A.A. Bondarev. Omsk Regional Branch of the Russian Geographical Society, Omsk 644007, Russia. gilgamesh-lugal@mail.ru A.Y. Lobachev. PAO Sberbank, Novosibirsk, Russia. inobges@gmail.com S.K. Vasiliev. Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of SB RAS, Russia. Svasiliev@archaeology.nsc.ru A.M. Klementev. Institute of the Earth’s Crust SB RAS, Russia. klem-al@bk.ru I.E. Grebnev. Paleopark Altai Republic, Russia. mnh66@mail.ru V.I. Silaev. Institute of Geology of Komi SC UB RAS, Syktyvkar, Russia, silaev@geo.komisc.ru
描述了在俄罗斯亚洲地区发现的Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis (Jäger, 1839)遗骨的新发现。这些材料包括来自西西伯利亚和东西伯利亚13个地方的39个标本。这大大扩大了这种犀牛的地理分布。来自西伯利亚的一系列11个下颌骨,包括一个具有乳牙的幼年个体,首次被描述。我们还提供了大量保存完好的颅骨后遗骸的数据。西伯利亚kirchbergensis成年个体的下颌骨、牙齿和后颅骨的形态和大小与欧洲地区描述的该物种个体相似。对西西伯利亚kirchbergensis的一系列上齿进行了细观磨损分析,以评估其饮食。首次对西伯利亚Stephanorhinus牙齿的化学成分(包括稳定同位素)进行了分析。西伯利亚kirchbergensis与欧洲kirchbergensis和西西伯利亚Coelodonta antiquitatis的比较,拓宽了我们对中晚更新世大陆气候变化背景下kirchbergensis的生态学、变异及其演化的认识。尽管样本很小,但我们可以假设S. kirchbergensis在西伯利亚广泛分布。Y.V. Lobachev。PAO新西伯利亚软件系统研究所,俄罗斯新西伯利亚。yvlobachev@gmail.comА.V。Shpansky。托木斯克国立大学,俄罗斯。shpansky@ggf.tsu.ru A.A.邦达列夫。俄罗斯地理学会鄂木斯克地区分会,鄂木斯克644007,俄罗斯。gilgamesh-lugal@mail.ru A.Y.罗巴切夫。PAO俄罗斯联邦储蓄银行,新西伯利亚。inobges@gmail.com S.K.瓦西里耶夫俄罗斯科学院考古与民族志研究所。上午Svasiliev@archaeology.nsc.ruKlementev。俄罗斯SB RAS地壳研究所。klem-al@bk.ru即Grebnev。俄罗斯阿尔泰共和国古公园。mnh66@mail.ru V.I.西拉耶夫Komi SC UB RAS地质研究所,俄罗斯Syktyvkar, silaev@geo.komisc.ru
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引用次数: 2
Chinlechelys from the Upper Triassic of New Mexico, USA, and the origin of turtles 美国新墨西哥州上三叠世的赤蠵龟和海龟的起源
IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.26879/886
Asher Lichtig, S. Lucas
Chinlechelys tenertesta is a turtle from the Upper Triassic Bull Canyon Formation of the Chinle Group of eastern New Mexico, USA, which has largely been ignored in recent studies of the phylogenetic position of turtles (Testudinata) within the Tetrapoda. Here, we present the first comprehensive description of the morphology of Chinlechelys tenertesta and reaffirm its unequivocal support for the composite model of costal bone formation in turtles. We also document the presence in Chinlechelys tenertesta of separate ribs reminiscent of those of Odontochelys semitestacea, a Late Triassic prototurtle from China, and costal plates, as would be expected under the composite model. This indicates that the two-phase embryological model of costal and plastral bone formation approximately corresponds to the formation of the endochondal rib and plastral primary ossifications and then the later dermal formation of the plastral and costal plates, as is suggested by the composite model. We challenge the identification of Permian Eunotosaurus africanus as a stem turtle and instead suggest that it is a caseid synapsid. We do not consider Pappochelys rosinae to be a close relative of turtles. It more closely resembles the basal placodont sauropterygians, particularly Palatodonta bleekeri. Indeed, phylogenetic analysis based on correctly coded character states places Pappochelys rosinae in the Sauropterygia as the sister taxon of placodonts. The morphology of Chinlechelys tenertesta supports the placement of Testudines outside of crown Sauria, as a taxon derived from pareiasaurs based on the morphology of the dorsal osteoderms and skull roof. Asher J. Lichtig. New Mexico Museum of Natural History & Science, 1801 Mountain Road N. W., Albuquerque, New Mexico 87104, USA. ajlichtig@gmail.com Spencer G. Lucas. New Mexico Museum of Natural History & Science, 1801 Mountain Road N. W., Albuquerque, New Mexico 87104, USA. spencer.lucas@state.nm.us
Chinlechellys tenerteta是一种来自美国新墨西哥州东部Chinle群上三叠纪公牛峡谷组的海龟,在最近对四足目中海龟(Testudinata)的系统发育位置的研究中,这一点在很大程度上被忽视了。在这里,我们首次全面描述了中华鳖的形态,并重申了其对海龟肋骨形成复合模型的明确支持。我们还记录了Chinlechelys tenetersta中存在的独立肋骨,这让人想起了来自中国的晚三叠纪原龟Odontochelys semitetacea的肋骨,以及肋板,正如在复合模型下所预期的那样。这表明,如复合模型所建议的,肋和肋板骨形成的两阶段胚胎学模型大致对应于肋内和肋板初级骨化的形成,然后是肋板和肋板的后期真皮形成。我们对二叠纪非洲真诺龙是干龟的鉴定提出了质疑,并认为它是一种干酪类突触动物。我们不认为罗氏巴布亚龟是海龟的近亲。它更像是基部的普氏蜥脚亚目,尤其是伯勒克里普氏蜥。事实上,基于正确编码的特征状态的系统发育分析将罗氏Pappochelys rosinae定位在Sauropterygia中,作为扁齿龙的姐妹分类单元。Chinlechelys tenerteta的形态支持将Testudines放置在冠蜥外,作为一个基于背侧骨皮和颅骨顶部形态的从异足龙衍生而来的分类单元。Asher J.Lichtig。新墨西哥州自然历史与科学博物馆,美国新墨西哥州阿尔伯克基西北山路1801号,邮编87104。ajlichtig@gmail.comSpencer G.Lucas。新墨西哥州自然历史与科学博物馆,美国新墨西哥州阿尔伯克基西北山路1801号,邮编87104。spencer.lucas@state.nm.us
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引用次数: 12
The genera that never were: The impact of Janeia and Janacekia on phyletic and taxonomic relations within the Solemyidae (Bivalvia: Protobranchia) 从未是的属:Janeia和Janacekia对Solemyidae(双壳纲:原鳃亚目)的系统和分类学关系的影响
IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2021-03-29 DOI: 10.26879/945
J. Bailey
Proposed taxonomies of the Solemyoidea remain conflicted, particularly regarding the familiar genera, Solemya and Acharax, whose close phyletic kinship has been obscured by: 1) imperfect understanding of the chronological morphogenesis of diagnostically important ligament support structures, and 2) misconceptions triggered by two problematic Paleozoic genera, Janeia and Janacekia, including the prevalent mischaracterization that the primary ligament in Janeia was located in an internal chondrophore. Whereas Janacekia and certain Janeia are synonyms of Acharax, other alleged Janeia are shown to be clinopisthins such as Dystactella and Clinopistha. Morphological analysis supports DNA studies suggesting Acharax and Solemya are monophyletic, thereby challenging recent taxonomies placing them in separate families or superfamilies. The primary ligaments of Acharax and Solemya are basically similar (opisthodetic, parivincular, attached at nymphae), the main differences being placement: external in Acharax but slightly internal (submarginal) in Solemya. Character analyses suggest the external nymphae of Acharax are plesiomorphic, arising by the Early Devonian, whereas the submarginal placement of the nymphae in Solemya is shown to be a Mesozoic apomorphy involving depression and secondary enclosure of the ligament and nymphae by a shelly outer layer. Nymphal enclosure has had two concomitant effects: 1) dorsal occlusion of the posterior adductor muscle; 2) fusion of the nymphae to internal buttresses that plesiomorphically functioned as simple reinforcement for the anterior margin of the posterior adductor muscles whereas, by exaptation, they become apomorphically modified to serve as supporting braces for the submarginal nymphae by dorsally uniting with them. Jack Bowman Bailey. Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Geographic Information Sciences Western Illinois University, 1 University Circle, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. jb-bailey@wiu.edu
Solemyoidea的拟议分类法仍然存在冲突,特别是关于熟悉的属Solemya和Acharax,它们的密切亲缘关系被以下因素所掩盖:1)对诊断上重要的韧带支撑结构的时间形态发生的不完全理解,以及2)两个有问题的古生代属Janeia和Janacekia引发的误解,包括普遍存在的Janeia初级韧带位于内部软骨团的错误描述。尽管Janacekia和某些Janeia是Acharax的同义词,但其他被指控的Janeia被证明是单倍体,如Dystactella和Clinopistha。形态学分析支持DNA研究,表明Acharax和Solemya是单系的,从而挑战了最近将它们分为单独的科或超科的分类法。Acharax和Solemya的初级韧带基本相似(opisthodetic,parvincular,附着在若虫处),主要区别在于位置:Acharax的外侧韧带,Solemya稍微内侧(亚边缘)韧带。特征分析表明,Acharax的外部若虫是由早泥盆纪产生的蛇颈虫,而若虫在Solemya的亚边缘位置被证明是中生代的变形,包括凹陷和韧带和若虫被贝壳外层次级包围。睡莲被包围有两个共同的影响:1)后内收肌的背侧闭塞;2) 若虫与内支的融合,内支在形态上起到了后内收肌前边缘的简单加固作用,而通过扩张,它们经过变形修饰,通过与它们的背部结合,成为亚边缘若虫的支撑支架。杰克·鲍曼·贝利。地球、大气和地理信息科学系,西伊利诺伊大学,1 University Circle,Macomb,IL 61455 USA。jb-bailey@wiu.edu
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引用次数: 1
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Palaeontologia Electronica
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