Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1590/s0102-0536-20220215
A. D. Carvalho, F. V. Resende, G. Silva, J. Pinheiro, R. B. Pereira, W. M. Nascimento, L. Pilon
ABSTRACT ‘BRS Paranoá’ was obtained by the carrot breeding program of Embrapa Hortaliças, aiming to obtain a cultivar adapted to most carrot-producing regions in an organic system. It was developed through selection of half-sib progenies and validated in Brazil. ‘BRS Paranoá’ is indicated for sowing in the spring/summer seasons especially because it displays high resistance to leaf blight caused by the fungal and bacterial association (Alternaria dauci, Cercospora carotae, and Xanthomonas hortorum pv. carotae) with defoliation between 20 to 25% at 100 days after planting (DAP), eliminating the need to control this disease with chemical pesticides. In addition, it shows high production stability and an outstanding production exceeding 32 t ha-1. ‘BRS Paranoá’ is an early maturity cultivar, and the harvest can be carried out from 85 DAP when the commercial roots range from 16 to 22 cm, 3 cm diameter, intense orange color, cylindrical shape, and no external or internal physiological defects. The postharvest quality was evaluated and the titratable acidity found was 0.20%, 6.9oBrix soluble solids, 78.40 µg g-1 total carotenoids, and 22.69 µg g-1 ß-carotene (provitamin A). ‘BRS Paranoá’ was registered and protected by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply and its seeds have been marketed by the main vegetable seeds companies in Brazil.
{"title":"BRS Paranoá: carrot for organic production systems","authors":"A. D. Carvalho, F. V. Resende, G. Silva, J. Pinheiro, R. B. Pereira, W. M. Nascimento, L. Pilon","doi":"10.1590/s0102-0536-20220215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-20220215","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT ‘BRS Paranoá’ was obtained by the carrot breeding program of Embrapa Hortaliças, aiming to obtain a cultivar adapted to most carrot-producing regions in an organic system. It was developed through selection of half-sib progenies and validated in Brazil. ‘BRS Paranoá’ is indicated for sowing in the spring/summer seasons especially because it displays high resistance to leaf blight caused by the fungal and bacterial association (Alternaria dauci, Cercospora carotae, and Xanthomonas hortorum pv. carotae) with defoliation between 20 to 25% at 100 days after planting (DAP), eliminating the need to control this disease with chemical pesticides. In addition, it shows high production stability and an outstanding production exceeding 32 t ha-1. ‘BRS Paranoá’ is an early maturity cultivar, and the harvest can be carried out from 85 DAP when the commercial roots range from 16 to 22 cm, 3 cm diameter, intense orange color, cylindrical shape, and no external or internal physiological defects. The postharvest quality was evaluated and the titratable acidity found was 0.20%, 6.9oBrix soluble solids, 78.40 µg g-1 total carotenoids, and 22.69 µg g-1 ß-carotene (provitamin A). ‘BRS Paranoá’ was registered and protected by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply and its seeds have been marketed by the main vegetable seeds companies in Brazil.","PeriodicalId":56307,"journal":{"name":"Horticultura Brasileira","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43117462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1590/s0102-0536-20220205
Monique TR e Silva, Beatriz de A e Silva, O. Alberton, R. P. Schwengber, C. R. Dias-Arieira
ABSTRACT Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) cause severe damage to tomato crop. This study aimed to investigate the biocontrol potential of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus clarus compared with that of the fungi Trichoderma harzianum and Pochonia chlamydosporia against Meloidogyne javanica in tomato and assess the activity of defense-related enzymes in mycorrhizal roots. Three experiments were carried out to evaluate mycorrhizal colonization, nematode penetration, development, and reproduction, plant growth, and enzyme activity in mycorrhizal roots. We observed that R. clarus colonization of tomato roots increased with time. Although R. clarus did not prevent nematode penetration or development in roots, it was efficient in reducing total nematode numbers. R. clarus, T. harzianum and P. chlamydosporia treatments reduced nematode reproduction by 56.5, 54.4, and 56.9%, respectively, compared with the control. Moreover, R. clarus increased tomato shoot weight and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and peroxidase activities.
{"title":"Rhizophagus clarus controls Meloidogyne javanica and enhances the activity of defense-related enzymes in tomato","authors":"Monique TR e Silva, Beatriz de A e Silva, O. Alberton, R. P. Schwengber, C. R. Dias-Arieira","doi":"10.1590/s0102-0536-20220205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-20220205","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) cause severe damage to tomato crop. This study aimed to investigate the biocontrol potential of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus clarus compared with that of the fungi Trichoderma harzianum and Pochonia chlamydosporia against Meloidogyne javanica in tomato and assess the activity of defense-related enzymes in mycorrhizal roots. Three experiments were carried out to evaluate mycorrhizal colonization, nematode penetration, development, and reproduction, plant growth, and enzyme activity in mycorrhizal roots. We observed that R. clarus colonization of tomato roots increased with time. Although R. clarus did not prevent nematode penetration or development in roots, it was efficient in reducing total nematode numbers. R. clarus, T. harzianum and P. chlamydosporia treatments reduced nematode reproduction by 56.5, 54.4, and 56.9%, respectively, compared with the control. Moreover, R. clarus increased tomato shoot weight and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and peroxidase activities.","PeriodicalId":56307,"journal":{"name":"Horticultura Brasileira","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45393611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1590/s0102-0536-20220206
J. M. Sá, F. B. Bezerra Neto, R. Queiroga, A. P. Chaves, J. S. Lima, E. C. Santos, R. L. C. Nunes, N. M. Guerra, V. A. D. S. Lino
ABSTRACT The cultivation of radish with arugula in strip-intercropped systems is growing in semi-arid environments. The great challenge has been to assess whether there is agro-economic efficiency in the intercrops when fertilized with plant biomass of spontaneous species from the Caatinga biome. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the productive and economic viability of radish and arugula strip-intercrops fertilized with Merremia aegyptia and Calotropis procera biomass equitable amounts from the Caatinga biome at different population densities of arugula at two cropping years. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with the treatments arranged in a 4x4 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The first factor was constituted by four biomass equitable amounts of M. aegyptia and C. procera (20, 35, 50 and 65 t ha-1 on a dry basis), and the second factor by the population densities of arugula plants [40, 60, 80 and 100% of the recommended density for single crop (RDSC)] intercropped with 100% of the radish RDSC. The highest agro-economic advantages of radish and arugula intercropping were obtained for a land equivalent coefficient (LEC) and monetary equivalent ratio (MER) of 0.55 and 1.35, respectively, for M. aegyptia and C. procera biomass amounts of 54.75 and 54.55 t ha-1 added to the soil. The arugula population density of 100% of the RDSC provided the greatest agro-economic efficiency of the intercropped system of radish with arugula with LEC and MER of 0.58 and 1.33, respectively. The use of M. aegyptia and C. procera biomass from the Caatinga biome, proved to be a viable technology for producers who practice the cultivation of radish and arugula in intercropped systems in a semi-arid environment. The concern of the farmer regarding the preservation of natural resources, as well as with the search for a better quality of life, circumvents the possible limitations that the environment may offer in a given intercropping crop. The option by intercropping system can provide to producers viable alternatives to optimize the planted area, in addition to greater productivity and economic stability of activities on the rural property.
{"title":"Yield performance and agro-economic efficiency of radish-arugula intercropping under green manuring and planting density","authors":"J. M. Sá, F. B. Bezerra Neto, R. Queiroga, A. P. Chaves, J. S. Lima, E. C. Santos, R. L. C. Nunes, N. M. Guerra, V. A. D. S. Lino","doi":"10.1590/s0102-0536-20220206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-20220206","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The cultivation of radish with arugula in strip-intercropped systems is growing in semi-arid environments. The great challenge has been to assess whether there is agro-economic efficiency in the intercrops when fertilized with plant biomass of spontaneous species from the Caatinga biome. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the productive and economic viability of radish and arugula strip-intercrops fertilized with Merremia aegyptia and Calotropis procera biomass equitable amounts from the Caatinga biome at different population densities of arugula at two cropping years. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with the treatments arranged in a 4x4 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The first factor was constituted by four biomass equitable amounts of M. aegyptia and C. procera (20, 35, 50 and 65 t ha-1 on a dry basis), and the second factor by the population densities of arugula plants [40, 60, 80 and 100% of the recommended density for single crop (RDSC)] intercropped with 100% of the radish RDSC. The highest agro-economic advantages of radish and arugula intercropping were obtained for a land equivalent coefficient (LEC) and monetary equivalent ratio (MER) of 0.55 and 1.35, respectively, for M. aegyptia and C. procera biomass amounts of 54.75 and 54.55 t ha-1 added to the soil. The arugula population density of 100% of the RDSC provided the greatest agro-economic efficiency of the intercropped system of radish with arugula with LEC and MER of 0.58 and 1.33, respectively. The use of M. aegyptia and C. procera biomass from the Caatinga biome, proved to be a viable technology for producers who practice the cultivation of radish and arugula in intercropped systems in a semi-arid environment. The concern of the farmer regarding the preservation of natural resources, as well as with the search for a better quality of life, circumvents the possible limitations that the environment may offer in a given intercropping crop. The option by intercropping system can provide to producers viable alternatives to optimize the planted area, in addition to greater productivity and economic stability of activities on the rural property.","PeriodicalId":56307,"journal":{"name":"Horticultura Brasileira","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43439765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1590/s0102-0536-20220203
Muayyad Bany Hani, Y. Othman, Malik G. Al-Ajlouni, Tala S A’saf
ABSTRACT Lily species are considered one of the most important cut flowers worldwide. With annual production of 282 million flowers and total value of $200 million, lily is among the top five cut flower species auctioned in the international flower stock markets. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of different planting depths on morphology, physiology, root growth and flower quality of lilies. Three hybrid lilies [Lilium × elegans; Orienpet (‘Maytime’, white) and L.A. (‘Fangio’, pink and ‘Pavia’, yellow)] were used. Deep planting at 25 cm significantly improved total and stem root systems, stem diameter and leaf area. No significant differences were noticed between planting depths for plant height, chlorophyll content, and gas exchange (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration). Flower quality variables, specifically, vase life from deep planting were higher in 25-cm compared to 5 and 15. The ‘Maytime’ cultivar had higher leaf area, total and stem roots, flower diameter, number of days to flowering, and brighter color (L*) while the ‘Fangio’ had higher leaf number per plant, more basal roots, flower number per plant, vase life, and red color coordinate (a*). Overall, our results revealed that lily growers can increase their lily flower quality by adopting the deep planting at 25 cm.
{"title":"Deep planting improved stem root growth, flower yield and quality of Lilium cultivars","authors":"Muayyad Bany Hani, Y. Othman, Malik G. Al-Ajlouni, Tala S A’saf","doi":"10.1590/s0102-0536-20220203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-20220203","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Lily species are considered one of the most important cut flowers worldwide. With annual production of 282 million flowers and total value of $200 million, lily is among the top five cut flower species auctioned in the international flower stock markets. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of different planting depths on morphology, physiology, root growth and flower quality of lilies. Three hybrid lilies [Lilium × elegans; Orienpet (‘Maytime’, white) and L.A. (‘Fangio’, pink and ‘Pavia’, yellow)] were used. Deep planting at 25 cm significantly improved total and stem root systems, stem diameter and leaf area. No significant differences were noticed between planting depths for plant height, chlorophyll content, and gas exchange (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration). Flower quality variables, specifically, vase life from deep planting were higher in 25-cm compared to 5 and 15. The ‘Maytime’ cultivar had higher leaf area, total and stem roots, flower diameter, number of days to flowering, and brighter color (L*) while the ‘Fangio’ had higher leaf number per plant, more basal roots, flower number per plant, vase life, and red color coordinate (a*). Overall, our results revealed that lily growers can increase their lily flower quality by adopting the deep planting at 25 cm.","PeriodicalId":56307,"journal":{"name":"Horticultura Brasileira","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42876832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1590/s0102-0536-20220207
A. B. Cecílio Filho, Beliza QV Machado, A. U. Alves, B. D. J. Pereira, N. M. Guerra, F. B. Bezerra Neto
ABSTRACT The successful intercropping with vegetables depends on the type of crops grown and on the proper handling of tested treatments, such as the time of transplanting a crop in relation to transplanting another crop, among others. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the bio-agronomic performance of eggplant and tomato for industry, in intercropping, in relation to their single crops, as a function of the transplanting time of the eggplant in relation to the tomato and of the cultivation season (summer or winter). The experimental design used was a randomized complete block with ten treatments and four replications, implanted in two growing seasons (from February to September and from August to February), where the treatments consisted of ten eggplant transplanting times (-30, -25, -20, -15, -10, -5, 0, +5, +10 and +15 days in relation to tomato transplantation). In each block, plots of eggplant monocultures were planted in each transplanting time, as well as a plot in tomato monoculture in order to obtain the bio-agronomic indices. The competition and bio-agronomic efficiency indices of the crops and of the intercropped systems were evaluated. The variation in the transplanting time of eggplant in relation to tomato significantly interferes in the bio-agronomic performance of both species. Eggplant transplanting performed between -20 and -15 days compared to tomato transplantation reduces the dominance of one crop over the other and the interspecific competition for environmental resources. The intercropped system has greater land equivalent ratio when the eggplant is transplanted at +15 days after transplanting the tomato.
{"title":"Bio-agronomic efficiency indices of eggplant and tomato intercropping","authors":"A. B. Cecílio Filho, Beliza QV Machado, A. U. Alves, B. D. J. Pereira, N. M. Guerra, F. B. Bezerra Neto","doi":"10.1590/s0102-0536-20220207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-20220207","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The successful intercropping with vegetables depends on the type of crops grown and on the proper handling of tested treatments, such as the time of transplanting a crop in relation to transplanting another crop, among others. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the bio-agronomic performance of eggplant and tomato for industry, in intercropping, in relation to their single crops, as a function of the transplanting time of the eggplant in relation to the tomato and of the cultivation season (summer or winter). The experimental design used was a randomized complete block with ten treatments and four replications, implanted in two growing seasons (from February to September and from August to February), where the treatments consisted of ten eggplant transplanting times (-30, -25, -20, -15, -10, -5, 0, +5, +10 and +15 days in relation to tomato transplantation). In each block, plots of eggplant monocultures were planted in each transplanting time, as well as a plot in tomato monoculture in order to obtain the bio-agronomic indices. The competition and bio-agronomic efficiency indices of the crops and of the intercropped systems were evaluated. The variation in the transplanting time of eggplant in relation to tomato significantly interferes in the bio-agronomic performance of both species. Eggplant transplanting performed between -20 and -15 days compared to tomato transplantation reduces the dominance of one crop over the other and the interspecific competition for environmental resources. The intercropped system has greater land equivalent ratio when the eggplant is transplanted at +15 days after transplanting the tomato.","PeriodicalId":56307,"journal":{"name":"Horticultura Brasileira","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48870850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1590/s0102-0536-20220214
A. R. Zeist, M. H. S. Leal, J. T. V. Resende, C. Rech, A. D. Silva Júnior, Bruno R Toroco, Joana NM de Oliveira, G. J. A. Oliveira
ABSTRACT Vitamin A deficiency is common in developing countries. Sweet potato can be an ally in reversing this situation since it has a low acquisition cost and high market availability. In addition, some genotypes have orange-flesh roots, rich in beta-carotene, which is the precursor of vitamin A. Thus, the objective of this research was to select orange-fleshed sweet potato genotypes using two selection indices (Smith and Hazel and Mulamba & Mock). For this purpose, seven half-sibling families with orange flesh roots (141 experimental genotypes and the commercial cultivar Beauregard) were evaluated, assessing yield-related traits, external appearance of roots, pulp color intensity, and susceptibility to Euscepes postfasciatus. The genotypes UZBD-C-14, UZBD-U1-25, UZBD-F-15, UZBD-C-30, UZBD-K-32, UZBD-U1-10, UZBD-L2-14, and UZBD-L5-67 were the most promising, showing greater balance for the evaluated characters. Furthermore, these genotypes are suitable for new studies to confirm their productive performance and root quality and evaluate the biochemical parameters that prove the inheritance of the character regulating biofortification mediated by carotenes.
{"title":"Selecting orange-fleshed sweet potato genotypes using selection indices","authors":"A. R. Zeist, M. H. S. Leal, J. T. V. Resende, C. Rech, A. D. Silva Júnior, Bruno R Toroco, Joana NM de Oliveira, G. J. A. Oliveira","doi":"10.1590/s0102-0536-20220214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-20220214","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Vitamin A deficiency is common in developing countries. Sweet potato can be an ally in reversing this situation since it has a low acquisition cost and high market availability. In addition, some genotypes have orange-flesh roots, rich in beta-carotene, which is the precursor of vitamin A. Thus, the objective of this research was to select orange-fleshed sweet potato genotypes using two selection indices (Smith and Hazel and Mulamba & Mock). For this purpose, seven half-sibling families with orange flesh roots (141 experimental genotypes and the commercial cultivar Beauregard) were evaluated, assessing yield-related traits, external appearance of roots, pulp color intensity, and susceptibility to Euscepes postfasciatus. The genotypes UZBD-C-14, UZBD-U1-25, UZBD-F-15, UZBD-C-30, UZBD-K-32, UZBD-U1-10, UZBD-L2-14, and UZBD-L5-67 were the most promising, showing greater balance for the evaluated characters. Furthermore, these genotypes are suitable for new studies to confirm their productive performance and root quality and evaluate the biochemical parameters that prove the inheritance of the character regulating biofortification mediated by carotenes.","PeriodicalId":56307,"journal":{"name":"Horticultura Brasileira","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44280121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1590/s0102-0536-20220211
Thayane de A Silva, Leandro Tbc Neves, Daniela C dos S Campos, Laís de B Carvalho, Lailson O de Sousa, J. F. D. Sousa, Anderson N Silva
ABSTRACT The quality of sweet potato roots is influenced by factors which precede harvest. Thus, the aim of this study was to correctly determine the harvest point and study the postharvest quality of two sweet potato cultivars harvested at different ages. The experiment was carried out at Universidade Federal de Roraima. The plants were grown from April to August, during rainy season, 2020. The harvest was carried out at 80, 95, 110, 125 and 140 days after planting (DAP). The tuberous roots were cleaned and the physicochemical traits of the pulp and peel were evaluated. Soluble solids, titratable acidity and SS/AT ratio were observed in greater quantity in the cultivar BD-02. The luminosity and chroma of the peel of the sweet potato roots were more intense in the cultivar BD-01 and the opposite was observed when characterizing the pulp of this cultivar. At 110 DAP, we verified the highest levels of reducing sugars and chroma of the peel, as well as lower values for the chroma of the pulp and °H of the peel. Thus, according to the results presented above, especially in relation to carbohydrate metabolism, productivity and dry matter accumulation, the cultivar BD-02, harvested at 110 DAP, showed the best postharvest traits under the experimental conditions presented in this study.
{"title":"Postharvest quality of two sweet potato cultivars submitted to different harvest ages","authors":"Thayane de A Silva, Leandro Tbc Neves, Daniela C dos S Campos, Laís de B Carvalho, Lailson O de Sousa, J. F. D. Sousa, Anderson N Silva","doi":"10.1590/s0102-0536-20220211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-20220211","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The quality of sweet potato roots is influenced by factors which precede harvest. Thus, the aim of this study was to correctly determine the harvest point and study the postharvest quality of two sweet potato cultivars harvested at different ages. The experiment was carried out at Universidade Federal de Roraima. The plants were grown from April to August, during rainy season, 2020. The harvest was carried out at 80, 95, 110, 125 and 140 days after planting (DAP). The tuberous roots were cleaned and the physicochemical traits of the pulp and peel were evaluated. Soluble solids, titratable acidity and SS/AT ratio were observed in greater quantity in the cultivar BD-02. The luminosity and chroma of the peel of the sweet potato roots were more intense in the cultivar BD-01 and the opposite was observed when characterizing the pulp of this cultivar. At 110 DAP, we verified the highest levels of reducing sugars and chroma of the peel, as well as lower values for the chroma of the pulp and °H of the peel. Thus, according to the results presented above, especially in relation to carbohydrate metabolism, productivity and dry matter accumulation, the cultivar BD-02, harvested at 110 DAP, showed the best postharvest traits under the experimental conditions presented in this study.","PeriodicalId":56307,"journal":{"name":"Horticultura Brasileira","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48701780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/s0102-0536-20220108
A. C. G. Fernandes, A. M. Azevedo, N. R. Valadares, Clóvis HO Rodrigues, O. G. Brito, V. C. A. Andrade Júnior, I. Aspiazú
ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to perform simultaneous selection in sweet potato genotypes and to verify the efficiency of fuzzy systems when compared to the Mulamba & Mock (MM) method. The experiment was carried out in randomized blocks, with 24 sweet potato genotypes, four replications and ten plants per plot. The breeding values were obtained by the mixed model methodology (REML/BLUP), and then the MM index and the gains obtained by the developed fuzzy systems were estimated. There was a predominance of environmental effects over genotypic effects for all traits. These estimates suggest an expressive contribution of the environment for these traits and, consequently, greater difficulty for genetic improvement. Through this, the fuzzy systems stood out in relation to the MM method, as they presented superior selection gains for characters related to human and animal food. The genotypes with potential for human and animal food selected by the fuzzy system were: UFVJM07, UFVJM05, UFVJM09, UFVJM40, UFVJM01, UFVJM25, UFVJM15. The fuzzy logic was efficient in the simultaneous selection of sweet potato genotypes, allowing the selection of plants similar to the desirable ideotype than the MM method.
{"title":"Fuzzy logic applied to simultaneous selection of sweet potato genotypes","authors":"A. C. G. Fernandes, A. M. Azevedo, N. R. Valadares, Clóvis HO Rodrigues, O. G. Brito, V. C. A. Andrade Júnior, I. Aspiazú","doi":"10.1590/s0102-0536-20220108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-20220108","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to perform simultaneous selection in sweet potato genotypes and to verify the efficiency of fuzzy systems when compared to the Mulamba & Mock (MM) method. The experiment was carried out in randomized blocks, with 24 sweet potato genotypes, four replications and ten plants per plot. The breeding values were obtained by the mixed model methodology (REML/BLUP), and then the MM index and the gains obtained by the developed fuzzy systems were estimated. There was a predominance of environmental effects over genotypic effects for all traits. These estimates suggest an expressive contribution of the environment for these traits and, consequently, greater difficulty for genetic improvement. Through this, the fuzzy systems stood out in relation to the MM method, as they presented superior selection gains for characters related to human and animal food. The genotypes with potential for human and animal food selected by the fuzzy system were: UFVJM07, UFVJM05, UFVJM09, UFVJM40, UFVJM01, UFVJM25, UFVJM15. The fuzzy logic was efficient in the simultaneous selection of sweet potato genotypes, allowing the selection of plants similar to the desirable ideotype than the MM method.","PeriodicalId":56307,"journal":{"name":"Horticultura Brasileira","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41378695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/s0102-0536-20220116
A. Pereira, G. Silva, C. Castro, A. D. Carvalho, F. Q. Azevedo, E. Hirano, G. Brito, A. Bortoletto, B. M. Emygdio, Carlos Reisser Júnior, C. A. Lopes, C. F. Ragassi, L. F. Dutra, J. H. Coradin, Natércia LP Lima, C. Gomes, J. Pinheiro, Valdir Lourenço Junior, M. Lima, I. Maldonade, Rogério O Jorge, J. A. Haerter, B. Ueno, Ana Cristina R Krolow, M. Vizzotto
ABSTRACT ‘BRS F183’ (Potira) is a late-maturing and red skin potato cultivar, suitable for French fry processing, due to tuber high dry matter content of long oval shape, large size, light yellow flesh, and light fry color. It is also suitable for the fresh market due to its attractive tubers of intense red color, smooth skin and shallow eyes. In six trials, ‘BRS F183’ showed average tuber yields that did not differ from ‘Asterix’. The marketable yield was relatively high, reaching 98.5% in the tropical ecosystem. Larger tubers of ‘BRS F183’ than ‘Asterix’ were also observed in the autumn crop of the subtropical ecosystem. In most of the trials, the dry matter content was higher than that of ‘Asterix’, varying from 20.5 to 23.0%. A very low incidence of tuber disorders was observed in ‘BRS F183’, with the secondary growth lower than ‘Asterix’. ‘BRS F183’ presented medium tuber dormancy. Tuber glucose content suitable for French fry processing (≤1.2 mg g-1 of fresh mass) was shown by ‘BRS F183’ after harvest and storage at 7.5°C, 8.9°C and 20°C for up to 180 days, while ‘Asterix’ was suitable up to 120 days after storage at 8.9ºC. ‘BRS F183’ is moderately resistant to early blight and moderately susceptible to late blight. It is susceptible to PVY, PLRV, and root-knot nematode. Field observations indicate that resistance/susceptibility to soft rot, black scurf, and bacterial wilt of ‘BRS F183’ is not different from the main cultivars grown in the country. However, higher susceptibility to common scab was shown in some validation tests. ‘BRS F183’ was released in 2020 by Embrapa, as a product of the breeding program developed by Embrapa Temperate Agriculture and Embrapa Vegetables.
{"title":"‘BRS F183’ (Potira): A dual purpose potato cultivar, with high yield potential and excellent French fry quality","authors":"A. Pereira, G. Silva, C. Castro, A. D. Carvalho, F. Q. Azevedo, E. Hirano, G. Brito, A. Bortoletto, B. M. Emygdio, Carlos Reisser Júnior, C. A. Lopes, C. F. Ragassi, L. F. Dutra, J. H. Coradin, Natércia LP Lima, C. Gomes, J. Pinheiro, Valdir Lourenço Junior, M. Lima, I. Maldonade, Rogério O Jorge, J. A. Haerter, B. Ueno, Ana Cristina R Krolow, M. Vizzotto","doi":"10.1590/s0102-0536-20220116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-20220116","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT ‘BRS F183’ (Potira) is a late-maturing and red skin potato cultivar, suitable for French fry processing, due to tuber high dry matter content of long oval shape, large size, light yellow flesh, and light fry color. It is also suitable for the fresh market due to its attractive tubers of intense red color, smooth skin and shallow eyes. In six trials, ‘BRS F183’ showed average tuber yields that did not differ from ‘Asterix’. The marketable yield was relatively high, reaching 98.5% in the tropical ecosystem. Larger tubers of ‘BRS F183’ than ‘Asterix’ were also observed in the autumn crop of the subtropical ecosystem. In most of the trials, the dry matter content was higher than that of ‘Asterix’, varying from 20.5 to 23.0%. A very low incidence of tuber disorders was observed in ‘BRS F183’, with the secondary growth lower than ‘Asterix’. ‘BRS F183’ presented medium tuber dormancy. Tuber glucose content suitable for French fry processing (≤1.2 mg g-1 of fresh mass) was shown by ‘BRS F183’ after harvest and storage at 7.5°C, 8.9°C and 20°C for up to 180 days, while ‘Asterix’ was suitable up to 120 days after storage at 8.9ºC. ‘BRS F183’ is moderately resistant to early blight and moderately susceptible to late blight. It is susceptible to PVY, PLRV, and root-knot nematode. Field observations indicate that resistance/susceptibility to soft rot, black scurf, and bacterial wilt of ‘BRS F183’ is not different from the main cultivars grown in the country. However, higher susceptibility to common scab was shown in some validation tests. ‘BRS F183’ was released in 2020 by Embrapa, as a product of the breeding program developed by Embrapa Temperate Agriculture and Embrapa Vegetables.","PeriodicalId":56307,"journal":{"name":"Horticultura Brasileira","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41941195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/s0102-0536-20220107
S. M. Azevedo, D. C. D. Souza, P. C. Ossani, Synara Silva, Carlos Henrique Carvalho Souza, Andressa S de Oliveira, Sylmara Silva, V. C. A. Andrade Júnior
ABSTRACT The tomato is one of the most economically, socially and nutritionally important vegetables, presenting high added value. The culture allows high profit for the producers, but it is a high risk activity due to, specially, the sensibility of some varieties to climate conditions as well as multiple plagues and diseases that attack the culture. Therefore, the search for new hybrids with more tolerance to biotic and abiotic factors is extremely important to attend to the demand of the culture’s productive chain. The objective of this work was to demonstrate the importance of multivariate and univariate techniques in evaluating the level of similarity among hybrids of the tomato plant of the salad group with the purpose of diagnosing possible groups in relation to the variables analyzed. A total of 23 hybrids of tomato from the salad group were evaluated; of those, 9 were commercial hybrids and 14 were experimental hybrids. Throughout the conduction of the experiment, the productive characters of the culture were evaluated as well as the characteristics of the fruits and the agronomic characters of the plant. For the productive characters and the characteristics of the fruits, the multiple factor analysis was performed, and the averages were compared by the Scott-Knott test. For the agronomic characters of the plant, the exploratory data analysis was used with the correspondence analysis. The commercial hybrids studied present a high degree of similarity among them, with more than 77% of the materials with strong or high similarity with the other materials. Meanwhile, for the experimental hybrids, this result is seen in only 42.86% of the materials. The experimental hybrids 3124, 3139, and 3126 present higher divergence when compared to the other materials studied. They are, therefore, recommended to increase the genetic base of the tomato plant’s breeding program.
{"title":"Agronomic variability among hybrids of tomato plant with emphasis on the multivariate analysis","authors":"S. M. Azevedo, D. C. D. Souza, P. C. Ossani, Synara Silva, Carlos Henrique Carvalho Souza, Andressa S de Oliveira, Sylmara Silva, V. C. A. Andrade Júnior","doi":"10.1590/s0102-0536-20220107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-20220107","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The tomato is one of the most economically, socially and nutritionally important vegetables, presenting high added value. The culture allows high profit for the producers, but it is a high risk activity due to, specially, the sensibility of some varieties to climate conditions as well as multiple plagues and diseases that attack the culture. Therefore, the search for new hybrids with more tolerance to biotic and abiotic factors is extremely important to attend to the demand of the culture’s productive chain. The objective of this work was to demonstrate the importance of multivariate and univariate techniques in evaluating the level of similarity among hybrids of the tomato plant of the salad group with the purpose of diagnosing possible groups in relation to the variables analyzed. A total of 23 hybrids of tomato from the salad group were evaluated; of those, 9 were commercial hybrids and 14 were experimental hybrids. Throughout the conduction of the experiment, the productive characters of the culture were evaluated as well as the characteristics of the fruits and the agronomic characters of the plant. For the productive characters and the characteristics of the fruits, the multiple factor analysis was performed, and the averages were compared by the Scott-Knott test. For the agronomic characters of the plant, the exploratory data analysis was used with the correspondence analysis. The commercial hybrids studied present a high degree of similarity among them, with more than 77% of the materials with strong or high similarity with the other materials. Meanwhile, for the experimental hybrids, this result is seen in only 42.86% of the materials. The experimental hybrids 3124, 3139, and 3126 present higher divergence when compared to the other materials studied. They are, therefore, recommended to increase the genetic base of the tomato plant’s breeding program.","PeriodicalId":56307,"journal":{"name":"Horticultura Brasileira","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46788750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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